2021版新高考地区高考英语（外研通用版）一轮复习学案：必修24Module4　FineArts


一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√
artist n．　　　　　　　　 contemporary adj.
drawing n. paint vt.
painter n. painting n.
aspect n. imitate vt.
style n. unusual adj.
landscape n. portrait n.
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．colourful adj.　　　　 彩色的
2．scene n. 景色；风景
3．alive adj. 有活力的；有生气的
4．aim vi. 以……为目标；打算；意欲
5．stand vt. 忍受
6．destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．like n．爱好；嗜好→dislike n．憎恶；不喜欢
2．delight n．高兴 v．使高兴→ delightful adj.令人愉快的；可爱的→ delighted adj.高兴的
3．tradition n．传统；习俗→ traditional adj.传统的；习俗的→ traditionally adv.传统地
4．observe vt.观察；注意到→ observer n．观察者→ observation n．观察；观测；观察力
5．adopt vt.采纳；采用→ adoption n．收养，过继；采取
6．exhibit v．展览→exhibition n．展览
7．express v．表达→expression n．表现；表达
8．realise vt.领悟；了解；实现；实行→realistic adj.现实主义的；写实主义的→ reality n．真实；现实；逼真

1.前缀a­表语形容词大全
①alive　 　　　　　　 有活力的
②asleep　　 睡着的
③awake 醒着的
④afraid 害怕的
⑤alone 单独的
⑥ashamed 羞愧的
2.否定前缀un­形容词一览
①unusual　　　　　　 不寻常的
②unfit　 不合适的
③uncomfortable 不舒服的
④unfriendly 不友善的
⑤unfortunate 不幸的
⑥unsuccessful 不成功的
3.名词＋－al→形容词
①traditional　　　 传统的
②natural　 自然的
③cultural 文化的
④magical 有魔力的
⑤educational 教育的
⑥musical 音乐的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．be/get__tired__of　　　　　　　 对……厌烦
2．be__fond__of 喜欢；喜爱
3．tell__by 从……可以看出
4．put__off 推迟；延期
5．take__turns 轮流
6．a__series__of 一系列的
7．develop__an__interest__in 对……产生兴趣

1.tell短语聊一聊
①tell by　　　　 从……可以看出
②tell...from... 辨别
③tell the truth 讲真话
④tell...apart 将……分开
⑤tell a lie/lies 说谎
2.“be＋adj.＋of”短语荟萃
①be tired of　　　 对……厌烦
②be fond of 喜欢；喜爱
③be proud of 为……而自豪
④be afraid of 害怕……
⑤be aware of 意识到……
⑥be short of 短缺的
3.表示“推迟/耽搁”的词汇小聚
①put off
②hold up
③delay
④postpone
⑤set back
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：consider＋sb./sth.＋(to be)adj./n.认为……是……
This is a painting by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, considered__to__be__the__greatest__western__artist of the twentieth century.
这是西班牙画家巴勃罗·毕加索的一幅油画，他被认为是20世纪西方最伟大的画家。
句型2：with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Cubist artists painted objects and people, with__different__aspects__of__the__object__or__person__showing at the same time.
在描绘物体或人的时候，立体派画家会同时展现对象的多个不同侧面。
句型3：What do you make of...你认为……怎么样？
What__do__you__make__of (it)?
你认为(它)怎么样？
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词
1．We must do something to keep the excellent tradition alive(有活力的) forever.
2．Robert can’t stand(忍受) catching the bus, so he always goes to work by bike.
3．The young man knew following others never made a unique writer, although he imitated(仿效) his idols in his very early works.
4．Her words touched me, and I suddenly realised(领悟) that family were the most important in the world.
5．When choosing a career, you should consider all the aspects(方面) of a job.
B．根据所给单词写出适当形式
6．It is because of various colours that we have a colourful world. (colour)
7．The education program aiming(aim) to combine brain work with manual labor is being widely spread throughout the country.
8．With more forests being destroyed(destroy), huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
9．If the teaching method is adopted(adopt), students will be more interested in English.
10．Jane Goodall spent about forty years observing(observe) and studying the chimps in the jungle.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·浙江卷6月)They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.界；领域
2．(2019·天津卷)I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.采取
3．(2019·浙江卷6月)Rock music consists of many different styles.风格
4．(2018·江苏卷)With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.立场
Ⅲ.选词成篇
tell by; all the time; be fond of; get tired of; take turns; put off; a series of
Mr. Smith is a famous writer and he writes 1.a__series__of works about country life. We can 2.tell__by his works that he 3.is__fond__of country life and 4.gets__tired__of city life. In order to finish his new writing, he even 5.puts__off going abroad.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．在2019年女排世界杯上中国队被认为是最好的球队之一。
The Chinese national team was__considered__(to__be)__one__of__the__best__teams in 2019 Women’s Volleyball World Cup.
2．随着冬天的来临，天气变得越来越冷了。
With__the__winter__approaching/drawing__near/coming,__it is becoming colder and colder.
3．你认为昨晚上映的新电影怎么样？
What__do__you__make__of the new film that was shown last night?

alive　adj.活着的；有活力的；有生气的，活跃的
[基础练习]——选词填空(alive/live/living/lively)
I watched a ①live TV program, in which there was a ②lively boy liking all ③living things. He kept a ④live fish in a small jar. But later on he decided to free it and hoped to keep the fish ⑤living/alive in the river happily.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)当大猩猩和我相互恐吓对方时，我很高兴发现它们都还活着。
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find__them__alive．
⑦店铺的门一扇扇打开了，整个街又慢慢有了生气。
Doors of stores opened one by one, and the neighbourhood slowly came__alive.
⑧他的幽默故事使这次会议的气氛变得真正活跃起来。
His humorous story brought the atmosphere of the meeting really alive．

come alive　　　　　　 变得活跃起来
bring...alive 使……变得活跃
keep...alive 使……生存下去　
[易混辨析]
alive
作表语、补语或后置定语
除了表示“活着的”外，还表示“有活力的；有生气的”
live
通常作前置定语
除了表示“活的”外，还表示“现场直播的”
living
作表语或定语
指“所有的生物”要用“all living things”；表示“活着的人”，要用“the living”
lively
作定语、表语或宾语补足语
既可指人，也可指物，意为“活泼的”“活跃的”“充满生气的”
observe　vt.& vi.看到，观察，注意到；遵守(法律，习俗等)；庆祝(节日等)
[一词多义]——写出下列句中observe的含义
①(2019·天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.观察
②(江苏卷)Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed.遵守
③I’d like to tell you something about how we observe the Spring Festival.庆祝
④She observed her best friend walking on the opposite side of the road.注意到
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤当我经过他的房子时，我看到他正在院子里玩耍。
When I passed by his house, I observed__him__playing in the yard.
⑥刚才他被看到拿着一本书走进了办公室。
He was__observed__to__enter the office with a book in his hand just now.

observe sb. doing sth.　 看到某人正在做某事
observe sb.do sth. 看到某人做了某事
observe sb./sth. done 看到某人/物被……
[佳句背诵] Also known as Tomb­Sweeping Day, the Qingming Festival is usually observed around April 5 and is a time for honoring deceased family relatives. 　清明节，也就是人们熟知的扫墓日，通常在4月5日左右，人们常在这一天祭祀亡故的亲人。
[名师点津] observe作“观察； 注意”讲时，可用省去to的动词不定式或v.­ing形式作宾语补足语； 但如果用于被动语态，省去的动词不定式符号to要还原。类似的词还有see, watch, notice, hear, feel，make等。
stand　vt.忍受；经受　vi.站立；处于(某种状态)　n．看台，立场；支架
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·天津卷)Suddenly I sensed a man standing(stand) behind me. “Where do you think you are？” he asked.
②She will have to find another job, for she can’t stand working(work) overtime any more.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(湖南卷)多萝西在我印象中很突出，她是在偏远地区活得很精彩的一个人。
Dorothy stands__out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.
④在中国，中国结代表友谊、爱和好运。
In China, Chinese knotting stands__for friendship, love and good luck.

(1)can’t stand sth./(sb.) doing sth.
　　　　　　　　 不能忍受某事/(某人)做某事
(2)stand by　　　 袖手旁观；支持(某人)
stand for 代表，象征
stand out 显眼，突出
[名师点津] (1)stand意为“忍受”时，常与can，could连用，用于否定句和疑问句，其后常接名词、代词或动词­ing形式；不能用于进行时态。
(2)表示“忍受”的词汇还有bear, endure, put up with。
put off　推迟；延期
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(天津卷)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
②Considering your income, you should be able to put aside at least twenty dollars a week.
③Kathy, don’t be so discouraged. If you put away such feelings, you will do better next time.
④Jack couldn’t put up with the pressure of his work, so he chose to leave the company.

put forward　　 提出(意见、建议)
put on 穿上；上演
put away 放好(某物)，储存
put up with 容忍，忍受
put down 放下；写下；镇压
put aside 储存……备用；留下……供专用
[佳句背诵] Never put off what you can do today till tomorrow.
今天能做的事绝不要拖到明天。
take turns　轮流，依次
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①At the meeting they took turns putting/to__put(put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.
②It’s your turn to__clean(clean) the room and wash the dishes.
③We decided to clean our classroom by turns but now he has broken our agreement.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in__turn(反过来) creates more problems.
⑤(高级表达)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, which__in__turn__creates__more__problems．(非限制性定语从句)

(1)take turns doing/to do sth.　 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn (to do sth.)
轮到某人(做某事)了。
(2)by turns 轮流着
in turn 反过来；依次
[佳句背诵] ①We will take turns speaking, so don’t all try to speak at once.
按次序发言，别抢话说。
②Work in pairs. Take turns to read out and answer the questionnaire.
两人一组，轮流朗读并回答问卷。

What do you make of...你认为……怎么样？
(教材原句)What do you make of (it)?
你认为(它)怎么样？
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①What do you think of the suggestion he has put forward in the meeting?
②How do you find Tokyo, the host city of the 2020 Olympic Games?
[能力提升]——完成句子
③他的演讲我大部分都听不懂，因为全是用俄语讲的。
I couldn’t make__much__of his speech because it was all in Russian.
④如果没有最好的，就充分利用现有的。
If you cannot have the best, make__the__best/most__of what you have.

(1)询问某人对……有……看法的表达：
What do you make/think of...
What’s your opinion of...
How do you like/find...
(2)make something/nothing of
重视/轻视；理解/不理解
make much/little of 理解/几乎不理解；器重/轻视
make the best/most of 　充分利用　
[佳句背诵] What do you make of the film you saw last night?
你认为昨晚你看的那部电影怎么样？

维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．The book was written on the basis of careful observations(observe) and detailed studies.
2．Paul’s mother had him adopted(adopt) because she couldn’t look after him.
3．(安徽卷)In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying(destroy) rainforests in search of some major resources.
4．I can’t stand being__interrupted(interrupt) by others when I am talking.
5．Then a discussion will be held, aiming(aim) to improve mutual understanding.
维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．—Have you heard the sports meeting might be put off?
—Yes, it all depends on the weather.
2．The professor could tell by the blank look in her eyes that she didn’t understand a single word.
3．When he was only six years old, Johnson developed an interest in painting.
4. Jack was tired of being interrupted, so he left the city secretly.
5. London is known for its rainy weather, so don’t forget to take an umbrella with you when going there.
维度三　派生词练习
1．In reality,__I have realised that I must stop daydreaming and be realistic．(realise)
2．To our delight,__the delightful picture drawn by my brother made all the judges delighted,__so he got the first prize.(delight)
3．He expressed in his speech that he would support us and the expression on his face suggested that he meant what he said.(express)
4．After many years of observation,__he has observed that lions have their unique way to communicate.(observe)
5．Tom, an adopted child, was adopted at the age of four and his success in life was largely due to the adoption．(adopt)
6．It’s traditional for women to keep house at home, but many women have broken with tradition and are entering traditionally male jobs.(tradition)
维度四　易错混用
1．她注意到有一个人正在路的对面行走。
She observed__a__man__walking on the opposite side of the way.
2．据报道，那个被认为应该为事故负责任的公交车司机在星期一被逮捕了。(过去分词短语作后置定语)
It is reported that the driver of the bus, considered__to__be__responsible__for__the__accident,__was arrested on Monday.
3．你觉得新学校怎么样？
①What__do__you__make__of the new school? (make)
②What__do__you__think__of the new school? (think)
③How__do__you__like the new school? (like)
④How__do__you__find the new school? (find)
4．她必须得找些别的工作，因为她再也不能忍受这样大的噪音了。
①She will have to find some other work, for she can’t stand__this__loud__noise any more.(stand)
②She will have to find some other work, for she can’t bear__this__loud__noise any more.(bear)
③She will have to find some other work, for she can’t put__up__with__this__loud__noise any more.(put up with)

提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
One day, John was about to go to the art museum to enjoy a famous 1.painting(paint) when he heard loud barking 2.made(make) by the dog outside. John had a dislike for the dog so he couldn’t stand 3.it any longer. He walked out, 4.aiming(aim) to drive the dog away. But when he walked closer, he found a baby lying in the bushes beside the dog. He 5.observed(observe) it carefully and found the baby was still 6.alive(live). He was determined to put 7.off visiting the museum and send the baby to hospital immediately. To his 8.delight(delighted), the baby was all right. Seeing the baby’s smiling 9.expression(express), he felt really happy and decided 10.to__adopt(adopt) the baby.
提能二　话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，是你校学生会主席，在你校艺术节到来之际，请写一篇短文介绍当地的一名画家。要点如下：
①简要介绍画家；
②绘画风格；
③其他情况。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)
①他被认为是一位著名的画家，他喜欢画令人愉快的风景画。
He was__considered__to__be a well­known painter. He was__fond__of__drawing__delightful__landscape．
②人们能从他的绘画中看出他观察自然界很仔细。
People could tell__by his paintings that he observed__the__world__of__nature__carefully．
③为了使他的画更有活力，他采用了一种写实主义的绘画风格。
Aiming__to__make__his__paintings__more__alive,__he adopted__a__realistic__painting__style．
④尽管他不得不忍受他人的嘲笑，他相信他的梦想一定会实现。(动名词作宾语)
Though he had to stand__being__laughed__at by others, he believed his__dream__would__be__realised．
⑤因为他的画中展现了许多生动的场景，他大获成功。
As vivid__scenes__were__shown in his paintings, he achieved great success.
2．升级平淡句
⑥用分词作状语升级句①
Considered__to__be__a__well­known__painter,__he__was__fond__of__drawing__delightful__landscape.
⑦用“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构升级句⑤
With__vivid__scenes__shown__in__his__paintings,__he__achieved__great__success.
3．衔接成美文(注意用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however，eventually)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Considered to be a well­known painter, he was fond of drawing delightful landscape. People could tell by his paintings that he observed the world of nature carefully.
However, aiming to make his paintings more alive, he adopted a realistic painting style. Though he had to stand being laughed at by others, he believed his dream would be realised. Eventually, with vivid scenes shown in his paintings, he achieved great success.

(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·大连高三双基测试)In Mark Turin’s article“Protecting Our Public Spaces” in issue 14, he claims that “all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces”. I would like to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art form that can benefit our public spaces just as much as sculptures, fountains, or other more accepted art forms.
People who object to graffiti usually do so more because of where it is, not what it is. They argue that posting graffiti in public places is considered an illegal act of property damage. But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.
I would argue that graffiti is the most important public art form. Spray paint is a medium unlike any other. Through graffiti, the entire world has become a canvas(画布). These works of art dotting the urban landscape are available, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.
To be clear, I do not consider random words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art. Plenty of graffiti is just vandalism, pure and simple. However, there is also graffiti that is breathtaking in its complex detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes great talent to create such involved designs with spray paint. Are these creators not artists just because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush?
To declare that all graffiti is vandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement. Furthermore, graffiti is not going anywhere, so we might as well find a way to live with it and enjoy its benefits. One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists. By doing this, the public might feel like part owners of these works of art, rather than just the victims of a crime.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。文章通过论述涂鸦与公共空间的关系，进而探讨涂鸦是否为艺术。作者认为判断其是否为艺术应该根据涂鸦的质量而非存在的地方。
1．Mark Turin apparently believes that graffiti ________．
A．is not an art form
B．is too simple to be considered art
C．can only sometimes be considered a work of art
D．should be restricted to places where it is allowed
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“In Mark Turin’s article ‘Protecting Our Public Spaces’ in issue 14, he claims that ‘all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces’．”可知，Mark Turin显然认为涂鸦不是一种艺术形式。
2．The author argues that graffiti ________．
A．is the only art form that is free
B．is best viewed on public walls rather than canvases
C．provides more public benefits than sculptures do
D．should be judged on artistic qualities rather than places
D　解析：细节理解题。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是第二段最后一句“But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.”可知，作者认为评价涂鸦应该根据其艺术品质而不是其所在地点。
3．The author concludes his passage by ________．
A．restating his position
B．questioning the magazine
C．offering an answer to the matter
D．identifying the benefits of graffiti
C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists.”可推知，作者是通过提供一个解决办法来结束文章的。
B
(2020·郑州第一次质量预测)

Are you a procrastinator(拖延者)? It’s a common problem. And it can be harmful, as previous research has shown that people who procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower well­being, reported the Association for Psychological Science in the US. But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.
Psychologists think that each person believes that they are really two people：“Present Me” and “Future Me”. “People act as if they prefer their current selves’ needs and desires to those of their future selves，” wrote psychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman.
Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make “Present Me” imagine exactly how “Future Me” would feel the night before a big paper was due, though “Present Me” hadn’t started yet. They made “Present Me” think about a far­off event a number of days away, not months or years.
Thinking about events in this__way meant that something like a friend’s wedding seemed 16.3 days sooner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years.
The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years. For example, participants imagined they had a newborn child, and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6，570 days. The researchers found those in the “days” condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the “years” condition.
So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.
【解题导语】　本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法。
4．What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study?
A．To work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.
B．To find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.
C．To discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of well­being.
D．To prove it’s helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，Oyserman和Lewis想要通过他们的研究去验证把“现在的我”和“将来的我”联系起来是否会对应对拖延症有一定的帮助，故选D。
5．The underlined part “this way” in Paragraph 4 refers to “________”．
A．setting up tough deadlines
B．following schedules strictly
C．counting in smaller units of time
D．imagining how your future self will feel
C　解析：词义猜测题。承接第三段最后一句“They made ‘Present Me’ think about a far­off event a number of days away, not months or years.”可推知，画线部分是指用更小的时间单位去计量，故选C。
6．What helps prevent people from procrastinating?
A．Comparing their future selves with present selves.
B．Considering their current selves’ needs and desires.
C．Thinking about far­off events in days rather than years.
D．Marking important events on a calendar as a reminder.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容以及最后一段“So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.”可推知，用天而不是用年去考虑将来所发生的事情会帮助拖延者不再拖延，故选C。
7．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．A way to get things done in time.
B．The harmful effects of procrastination.
C．The reason to overlook future needs and desires.
D．The way to reduce stress and improve happiness.
A　解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.”，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法，故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·武汉调研测试)Many people struggle with saying “No”. 1.________ Remember, just because you can do something that does not mean it is required. Understand you always have a right to turn down an invitation or refuse a favor and figure out the best ways to say “No”. Here are some specific tips.
Give yourself permission to say no. Many people have an immediate reaction to say “Yes” when they’re asked to do someone a favor. Keep in mind, you are never required to say “Yes”. It’s actually okay to say “No” sometimes. Accept this as you prepare to say “No” to someone. 2.________
Set up your personal boundaries.3.________ However, that reason does not have to be concrete. Many people think if they can do something, they should. Your reason for saying “No” can be a simple matter of your own personal boundaries. Think about what boundaries you have, and accept the fact you’re allowed to stay true to them.
4．________ People often won’t take “No” for an answer. If you say “No” to people, they may give you various reasons to try and change your mind. Stay determined for your decision and do not give in easily.
Practice saying “No”. It may sound silly, but you can actually practice saying “No” alone. 5.________ Practice giving a firm “No” to someone so you get comfortable with the words. Many people are nervous about saying “No” and may say “Yes” due to anxiety. Practicing can help get rid of some of this anxiety.
A．This will help you say “No” with ease.
B．Be aware of potential persuasion techniques.
C．Find a good chance to stand in front of a crowd.
D．It’s always easier to say “No” if you have a reason.
E．Try standing before a mirror and looking at yourself.
F．It’s rather easy for you to set up your personal boundaries.
G．If someone asks you a favor, you may feel you have to say “Yes” .
【解题导语】　我们可以通过设定边界、不断训练等方式，勇敢地向他人说“不”。
1．G　解析：根据前一句的内容可知，很多人总是苦苦挣扎，不敢说“不”。由此可推知，如果总是这样的话，当别人要请你帮忙的时候，你可能会感到你不得不说“可以”。故选G。
2．A　解析：本段讲述的是要允许自己拒绝别人。很多人会不自觉地接受他人的请求，但是你并不是一定要对他人说“可以”，这是你的权利。记住这一点，将帮助你轻而易举地拒绝别人。故选A。
3．D　解析：根据空后一句“However, that reason does not have to be concrete.”可知，D项“如果你有一个理由的话，说‘不’总是比较容易的”符合语境，故选D。
4．B　解析：空后三句讲述的是，人们通常不会接受“不”的，他们会找种种理由劝你改变主意，因此我们要坚持自己的决定，不要轻易屈服。由此可推知，我们要知道他人的劝说技巧。故选B。
5．E　解析：本段讲述的是要训练自己说“不”。该空前一句提到训练说“不”可能听起来很愚蠢，但实际上你可以独自去训练自己说“不”。由此可知E项“试着站在镜子前，看着自己”符合语境，衔接上下文。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·贵阳适应性考试一)China’s space program has become the first 1.____________(land) a spacecraft on the so­called dark side of the moon. The landing on Thursday brought the country closer to its goal of becoming a space power.
Chang’e 4 sent a picture taken at 11：40 in the morning back to Earth. It shows small craters and 2.____________empty surface that appears to be 3.____________(light) by a light from the lunar explorer.
The name Chang’e comes from a subject of Chinese mythology that many Chinese believe 4.____________(live) on the moon for thousands of years.
The landing is an example of China’s 5.____________(grow) desire to compete with the American, Russian and European space 6.____________(program). China also wants to strengthen 7.____________(it) position.
Hou Xiyun is a professor at Nanjing University’s school of astronomy and space science. He told The Associated Press, “8.____________ the whole, China’s space technology still falls behind the West, but with the landing on the far side of the moon, we have raced to the front.”
He added that China plans to explore Mars, Jupiter and asteroids(小行星) in the future. “There’s no doubt 9.____________ our nation will go farther and farther，” he said.
In 2013, Chang’e 3 made the first moon landing since the former Soviet Union’s Luna 24 in 1976. The United States is the only country that has 10.____________(success) sent a person to the moon. But China is considering a crewed mission, as well.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要通过讲述“嫦娥四号”登陆月球背面介绍了中国的太空探索发展状况。
1．to land　解析：考查非谓语动词。the first to do sth.第一个做某事。故填to land。
2．an　解析：考查冠词。surface是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且empty的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
3．lit/lighted　解析：考查动词的语态。根据空后的介词“by”并结合语境可知，此处是被动结构，即“be＋done”的形式，故填lit/lighted。
4．has lived　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，指代a subject，在从句中作主语，故此处应用第三人称单数形式；且根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，本句应用现在完成时，故填has lived。
5．growing　解析：考查形容词。growing 是形容词，意为“增长的”，在句中作定语，修饰名词desire。
6．programs　解析：考查名词的单复数。program是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，应用复数形式，故填programs。
7．its　解析：考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词position。
8．On　解析：考查介词。on the whole是固定搭配，意为“大体上”，符合语境，故填On。
9．that　解析：考查固定用法。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定用法there is no doubt that，意为“毫无疑问”，故填that。
10．successfully　解析：考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故填副词successfully修饰其后的动词sent，在句子中作状语。