所属成套资源：2021版高三英语人教版一轮复习讲义（）
2021版高三英语人教版一轮复习讲义：必修五Unit1 Greatscientists
展开Unit 1 Great scientists
阅 读 词 汇 | 1.characteristic n. 特征;特性 2.radium n. 镭 3.analyse vt. 分析 4.physician n. 医生;内科医师 5.outbreak n. 爆发;发作(尤指疾病或战争) 6.victim n. 受害者 7.enquiry n. 询问 8.neighbourhood n. 附近;邻近 9.pump n. 泵;抽水机 vt. (用泵)抽(水) 10.firework n. 烟火(燃放) 11.chart n. 图表 12.backward adv.& adj. 向后地(的);相反地(的);退步地(的) |
识 记 词 汇 | 1.painter n. 画家;油漆匠 2.scientific adj. 科学的 3.conclude vt.& vi. 结束;推断出 4.conclusion n. 结论;结束 5.defeat vt. 打败;战胜;使受挫 n. 失败 6.expert adj. 熟练的;经验或知识丰富的 n. 专家;行家 7.attend vt. 照顾;护理;出席;参加 8.expose vt. 暴露;揭露;使曝光 9.cure n. 治愈;痊愈 vt. 治愈;治疗 10.challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向……挑战 11.absorb vt. 吸收;吸引;使专心 12.suspect vt. 认为;怀疑 n. 被怀疑者;嫌疑犯 13.severe adj. 严重的;剧烈的;严厉的 14.foresee vt. 预见;预知 15.blame vt. 责备;谴责 n. 过失;责备 16.pollute vt. 污染;弄脏 |
识 记 词 汇 | 17.handle n. 柄;把手 vt. 处理;操纵 18.link vt.& n. 连接;联系 19.announce vt. 宣布;通告 20.instruct vt. 命令;指示;教导 21.construct vt. 建设;修建 22.construction n. 建设;建筑物 23.contribute vt.& vi. 捐献;贡献;捐助 24.positive adj. 积极的;肯定的;确实的 25.movement n. 移动;运动;动作 26.spin vi.& vt. (使)旋转;纺(线或纱) 27.enthusiastic adj. 热情的;热心的 28.cautious adj. 小心的;谨慎的 29.reject vt. 拒绝;不接受;抛弃 30.universe n. 宇宙;世界 |
拓 展 词 汇 | 1.conclude vt.& vi.结束;推断出→conclusion n.结论;结束 2.challenge n.挑战vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.具有挑战性的 3.announce vt.宣布;通告→announcement n.通知;宣告→announcer n.播音员;广播员 4.instruct vt.命令;指示;教导→instruction n.指导;指示;用法说明→instructive adj.指示性的;有教育意义的 5.construct vt.建设;修建→construction n.建设;建筑物 6.contribute vt.& vi.捐献;贡献;捐助→contribution n.捐献;贡献 7.cautious adj.小心的,谨慎的→caution n.小心;谨慎→cautiously adv.小心地;谨慎地 |
短 语 记 忆 | 1.put forward 提出 2.apart from 除……之外;此外 3.make sense 讲得通;有意义 4.draw a conclusion 得出结论 5.expose...to 使显露;暴露 6.link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来 7.look into 调查 8.be against 反对 9.be to blame 应受责备 10.(be) strict with... 对……严格的 |
句 型 整 理 | 1.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时,都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。 2.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 |
重点 语法 | The Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative [过去分词(1)作定语和表语] |
1.conclude vt.& vi.断定;推断出;使结束,终止;达成,缔结
归纳拓展 | ①conclude（从……中）推断出，断定…… ②conclude sth. with以……结束…… ③in conclusion最后;总之 ④come to∕draw∕reach a conclusion得出结论 |
完成句子
①最后,我想说我今天过得很开心。
In conclusion,I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
②我从我自己的经历中得出结论:有志者,事竟成。
I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will,there is a way.
③They conclude that(他们得出结论)when task interdependence is high,team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.(2019北京,七选五)
2.attend vi.专心;留意;注意
vt.出席,参加;照顾,护理
归纳拓展 | ①attend a meeting∕a lecture∕a wedding∕a movie 参加会议∕听演讲∕参加婚礼∕看电影 ②attend to 处理;照料;专心于;注意 |
完成句子
①If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend(你喜欢上学的).(2018年11月浙江,概要写作)
②我也许会迟到,我有一两件事要处理。
I may be late—I have got one or two things to attend to.
attend to作“处理”讲时,与do (deal)with近义;作“照顾”讲时,与take care of,look after近义。
3.expose vt.暴露,揭露,使曝光,使面临
归纳拓展 | ①expose sth.∕sb.∕oneself(to...)(向……)显露或暴露某事物∕某人∕某人自己;使某事物∕某人∕某人自己面临 ②be exposed to接触;暴露于…… |
单句填空
①Tom was exposed(expose) as a liar and a cheat.
②Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight,or you’ll get burnt.
③This festival is aimed to arouse the students’ interest in traditional Chinese folk music and get them exposed (expose)to foreign music.(2019全国Ⅲ,书面表达)
在expose...to...以及be exposed to结构中,to为介词,其后要用名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
4.cure vt.治愈,治疗
n.疗法;治疗;药
归纳拓展 | ①a cure for sth.治疗……的方法 ②cure sb.of...治愈某人的疾病∕矫正某人的不良行为 ③cure sb.∕a disease 治疗好某人∕治好(治愈)某种疾病 |
单句填空
①The destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.
②This will cure him of his bad habit.
词语辨析:
cure | 治疗疾病、痛苦或改正恶习、弊害等,侧重结果;可构成cure sb.of sth.结构 |
treat | 治疗。强调治疗的过程;常用treat sb.for sth.结构 |
heal | (使)愈合,治愈。治愈伤口尤其是灼伤,使愈合或恢复正常 |
用cure,treat,heal的适当形式填空
①The doctor treated his headache with a new drug but didn’t cure him.
医生用一种新药治疗他的头疼病,但没有治好。
②The wound has not yet healed.
伤口尚未愈合。
5.absorb vt.吸收;吸引;使专心
归纳拓展 | ①absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 ② absorb oneself in 某人全神贯注于 ③ be absorbed in 某人全神贯注于 ④“全神贯注于”的其他表达方式:be buried in∕be occupied in∕be lost in |
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①These kids are so absorbed in their studies that(对学习很投入,以至于……)I just sit back.(2019全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D)
②但目前,学业为重;我不想过分专注于模特儿职业。
But at the moment,school comes first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.(2017全国Ⅲ,语法填空)
6.blame v.谴责;责备;把……归咎于
n.过失;责备
归纳拓展 | ①blame sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)……而责备某人 ②blame sth. on sb.将……归咎于某人 ③be to blame 应受谴责 ④take the blame 承担责任 ⑤put the blame on sb.把责任推到某人身上 |
完成句子
①Who is to blame for (对……负责)the problem of robocalls.(2019北京,阅读理解C)
②不要总把失败归咎于他人,有时该怪你自己。
Don’t always blame your own failure on others.Sometimes you yourself are to blame.
be to blame为主动形式表示被动意义,因此不能再用被动语态。
7.contribute vt.&vi.捐献;贡献;捐助
归纳拓展 | ①contribute...to...把……贡献给…… ②contribute to...导致……;向……投稿;有助于…… ③make a contribution to...对……作出贡献 |
上面短语中的to是介词,后面接名词或者是动词的-ing形式。
单句填空
①Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.(2019年6月浙江,阅读理解C)
②Who made a great contribution(contribute) to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?
1.put forward提出(意见、建议);推荐;将……提前
归纳拓展 | ①put aside储蓄;忽视;把……放在一边 ②put away储存(钱);将……收起来,将……放回原处 ③put off推迟 ④put down写下;放下;平定 ⑤put on穿上,增加(体重),上演(戏剧) ⑥put out扑灭(火),关(灯) ⑦put up建造,举起、张贴,给(某人)提供食宿 ⑧put up with容忍,忍受 ⑨put through使接通电话 |
用put相关短语填空
①我倾向于接受电视上的专家提出的任何观点。
I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV.
②我们尽量每月存几百美元供度假用。
We’re trying to put aside a few hundred dollars every month toward our vacation.
③现在电扇已用不着了,我们把它收起来吧。
Now the electric fan is not in use.Let’s put it away.
在表示“提出”时,put forward和come up with为及物动词短语;而come up是不及物动词短语。
2.make sense 有意义;有道理;讲得通
归纳拓展 | ①make sense of理解,明白 ②make no sense没道理,没意义 ③in a sense从某种意义上说 ④in no sense决不 ⑤common sense常识 ⑥a sense of duty∕humor∕beauty∕direction∕pride 责任感∕幽默感∕美感∕方向感∕自豪感 ⑦there is no sense in (doing) sth.(做)……是没有意义的 |
用sense相关短语完成句子
①把他移除出英语文学名人堂的意义,就好比是卢浮宫把《蒙娜·丽莎》卖掉一样。
Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.(2018年6月浙江,阅读理解A)
②我们决不能向父母说谎。
In no sense can we lie to our parents.
③现在为这件事苦恼是没有意义的。
There’s no sense in getting upset about it now.
in no sense位于句首时,句子应用部分倒装结构。
1.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 因此,每次爆发霍乱时,都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。
every time“每次,每当”,引导时间状语从句。
归纳拓展 | ①名词短语作连词用,引导时间状语从句的有:every∕each time, any time, the first∕next∕last time, the moment∕instant∕minute∕second等。 ②有些以-ly结尾的连词,如directly, instantly, immediately等也可引导时间状语从句。 ③no sooner...than..., hardly∕scarcely∕barely... when...等也能引导时间状语从句。否定副词放句首时,常构成以下倒装句式: No sooner had sb. done than sb. did = Hardly∕Scarcely∕Barely had sb. done when sb. did |
every time等名词短语直接引导时间状语从句,不需要加when∕that等。
完成句子
①容器满了的时候,每当你想喝水时,你就可以通过管子将蒸馏水吸出,而不必拆毁蒸馏器。(every time)
When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still(蒸馏器)every time you need a drink.(2017 全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D)
②我阿姨苦读四年之后毕业了,那一刻她欣喜万分。(the moment)
The moment my aunt graduated after four years of hard work,she was filled with joy.
2.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
only if 只有当,只是在……的时候
归纳拓展 | ①only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句并放在句首时,主句用部分倒装,即把助动词、情态动词或be动词放在主语之前。 ②if only要是……就好了(后面的句子用虚拟语气) |
完成句子
①只有我们努力学习,我们才能通过期末考试。
Only if we study hard can we pass the final exams.
②只有当莉莉走进办公室时她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。
Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.
③要是我没有对我妈妈撒谎就好了。
If only I had not told the lie to my mother.
