2021版高三英语人教版一轮复习讲义：必修五Unit3　Lifeinthefuture

Unit 3　Life in the future阅读词汇1.jet n.　　　　 　　喷气式飞机2.tablet n. 药片3.capsule n.   太空舱;胶囊4.steward n.   乘务员;服务员5.stewardess n. 女乘务员6.opening n.   (出入的)通路;开口;开端7.sideways adv. 往(向、从)一侧;侧着;侧面朝前8.mask n.  面具;面罩;伪装9.flash vt.& vi.   (使)闪光;(使)闪现10.pessimistic adj. 悲观(主义)的11.typist n.   打字员12.typewriter n.   打字机 13.postage n.  邮资14.postcode n. 邮政编码15.receiver n. 接受者;接收器;电话听筒16.swallow vt. 吞下;咽下17.representative n.   代表;典型人物adj.   典型的;有代表性的18.motivation n.   动机识记词汇1.aspect n.　　　　方面;层面2.impression n. 印象;感想;印记3.constant adj. 时常发生的;连续不断的4.constantly adv. 不断地5.previous adj. 在前的;早先的6.uncertain adj. 不确切的;无把握的7.guide n. 指导;向导;导游vt. 指引;指导8.surroundings n. 周围的事物;环境9.surrounding adj. 周围的10.tolerate vt. 容忍;忍受11.lack vi.& vt. 缺乏;没有n. 缺乏;短缺的东西12.adjustment n. 调整;调节13.carriage n. 运输工具;四轮马车;客车14.press vi.& vt. 按;压;逼迫n. 按;压;印刷;新闻15.fasten vt. 系牢;扎牢16.belt n. 腰带;皮带17.switch n. 开关;转换vt. 转换18.timetable n. 时间表;时刻表19.optimistic adj. 乐观(主义)的20.mud n. 泥(浆)识记词汇21.desert n.　　　　沙漠;荒原22.citizen n. 公民;居民;市民23.button n. 纽扣;按钮24.instant n. 瞬间;片刻adj. 立即的;立刻的25.dustbin n. 垃圾箱26.ecology n. 生态;生态学27.greedy adj. 贪吃的;贪婪的;贪心的28.material n. 原料;材料29.recycle vt. 回收利用;再利用30.goods n. 货物31.settlement n. 定居;解决拓展词汇1.impression n.印象;感想;印记→impress v.使留下印象→impressive adj.给人以深刻印象的2.constant adj.时常发生的;连续不断的→constantly adv.不断地3.surroundings n.周围的事物;环境→surround vt.环绕;包围→surrounding adj.周围的4.press vi.& vt.按;压;逼迫 n.按;压;新闻;印刷→pressure n.压力5.adjustment n.调整;调节→adjust vt.调整;调节6.tolerate vt.容忍;忍受→tolerance n.容忍;忍受;宽容→tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的7.instant n.瞬间;片刻adj.立即的;立刻的→instantly adv.立即;立刻conj.一……就……8.settlement n.定居;解决→settle v.定居;解决→settler n.定居者短语记忆1.take up　　　　拿起;接受;开始;继续2.lose sight of... 看不见……3.speed up 加速4.be back on one’s feet (困境后)恢复;完全复原5.sweep up 打扫;横扫6.slide into (快捷而悄声地)移动;溜进……7.for lack of 因缺乏,因没有……句型整理1.Hit by a lack of fresh air,my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气,我感到头痛。2.Exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了,悄悄地爬上床很快就睡着了。重点语法The Past Participle (3) as the Adverbial and Attribute [过去分词(3)作状语和定语]1.impression n. 印象,感想归纳拓展①first impression第一印象②leave∕make an impression on sb.∕leave sb. with an impression给……留下印象③be impressed with∕by 给……留下印象④impress sth. on sb.使……铭记……⑤impressive adj.给人印象深刻的单句填空①Shanghai left her with a good impression(impress).②What was so impressive(impress) about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.③I was impressed (impress) to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.(2018年6月浙江,读后续写)2.lack vi.& vt.缺乏;没有n.缺乏;短缺的东西归纳拓展①lack(for∕in) sth.缺少……②for lack of 因缺少……③(a) lack of ……方面的短缺④be lacking in 缺乏(某种品质或技能)单句填空①Though lacking(lack) money,his parents managed to send him to a university.②This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.(2019全国Ⅱ,七选五) ③Although she is rich in knowledge,she is lacking in practical experience. lack作名词时常与介词of连用;作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态),也可作不及物动词用;形容词lacking常与in连用。3.tolerate vt.容忍;忍受归纳拓展①tolerate (sb.) doing sth.容忍∕忍受(某人)做某事②stand (sb.) doing sth.忍受∕容忍(某人)做某事③bear sb.doing sth.忍受∕容忍某人做某事④put up with忍受,容忍单句填空①Those who know to tolerate(tolerate) others can naturally lead a happy life.②He can’t bear people smoking(smoke) while he is eating.③I can’t stand people interrupting(interrupt) me all the time.④A tough man can tolerate suffering(suffer).(2019天津,阅读理解D)4.instant adj.立即的,立刻的n.瞬间;片刻归纳拓展①in an instant 立刻,瞬间(instantly)②at that instant 在那瞬间③for an instant 一瞬间在英语中表示“一……就……”的用法有:①the instant (that)... =instantly+从句②the moment∕the minute∕the second+从句用instant相关短语填空①瞬间,他脱下大衣跳进了水里。In an instant,he took off his coat and jumped into the water.②她在一瞬间与他的目光相遇。She caught his eye for an instant.③我一看见他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。The instant I saw him,I knew he was the man the police were looking for.一句多译:上面③其他表达方式④Instantly I saw him,I knew he was the man the police were looking for.⑤The moment I saw him,I knew he was the man the police were looking for.⑥The minute I saw him,I knew he was the man the police were looking for.⑦As soon as I saw him,I knew he was the man the police were looking for.⑧On seeing him,I knew...⑨No sooner had I seen him than I knew...⑩Hardly had I seen him when I knew...1.take up 拿起;接受;开始从事;开始处理;继续;占去(时间或空间)归纳拓展take in吸收,领会,欺骗take off脱下,起飞,匆匆离开take down拆除,拿下take on呈现,雇佣,承担take over接管、承袭完成句子①他请她喝一杯,她接受了。She took up his offer of a drink.②As an art lover who took up learning at the age of five(5岁开始学习), I prefer that your lecture should focus on Western painting.(2019天津,书面表达)③写论文占去了周末的大半时间。Writing the paper took up most of the weekend.2.lose sight of...看不见……归纳拓展①catch sight of望见;看到②come into sight进入视野③in sight在视线内④out of sight看不见;在视野之外⑤at the sight of一看见……⑥at first sight乍一看;第一眼看到用sight相关短语填空①光污染使我们看不到在宇宙中我们居住的真正地方。Light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe.②尽管我对所看见的西红柿已经感到非常高兴了,但当我得知布朗的Grove农场是Jack Dusty的供应商之一时我还是更加快乐了……Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight,my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty...③一看见这幅画我就想起了我的童年。 At the sight of the picture I thought of my childhood.3.speed up加速归纳拓展①at high∕low∕full∕top speed以高∕低∕全∕最高速②at a speed of...以……的速度③pick up speed逐渐加速用speed相关短语填空①充足的新鲜空气和体育锻炼将加速他的康复。Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed up his recovery.②卡车正以50英里的时速行驶。The truck was traveling at a speed of 50 mph.1.Hit by a lack of fresh air,my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气,我感到头痛。本句中的hit是过去分词,Hit by a lack of fresh air是过去分词短语作状语,表示原因。归纳拓展①过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等,表示被动或完成;②过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致;③过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。完成句子①因为他是在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区被抚养大的,所以他成为一个足球明星的路既漫长又艰难。(表示原因)Raised in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.②从城堡顶端看,公园十分美丽。(表示条件)Seen from the top of the castle,the park looks very beautiful.③尽管用了很长时间,这本书看上去很新。(表示让步)　Used for a long time,the book looks new.2.Exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了,悄悄地爬上床很快就睡着了。exhausted adj.“筋疲力尽的,疲惫不堪的”,在此处作状语,表示原因。归纳拓展形容词(短语)作状语的语法功能:①表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。②表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。③表示让步,相当于一个让步状语从句。④表示方式,相当于一个副词或介词短语。⑤表示伴随,相当于一个并列句。完成句子①因严重受伤,其中有些乘客被立刻送到最近的医院。Seriously injured,some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.②他又冷又饿,放下工作就回家了。Cold and hungry,he stopped working and went home.③尽管没有必要,昨晚他还是来了。Though not necessary,he came here last night.(=Though it was not necessary,he came here last night.)