2021版高三英语人教版一轮复习讲义：必修一Unit1　Friendship

Unit 1　Friendship 阅读词汇1.survey n.　 　 　调查;测验2.loose adj.   松的;松开的3.vet n.   兽医4.Jewish adj.  犹太人的;犹太族的5.German adj.  德国的;德国人的;德语的n. 德国人;德语6.spellbind vt. 迷住;迷惑7.thunder vi.  打雷;雷鸣 n. 雷;雷声8.curtain n.   窗帘;门帘;幕布9.loneliness n. 孤单;寂寞10.highway n.  公路;大路11.suitcase n. 手提箱;衣箱12.overcoat n. 大衣;外套13.gossip vi.& n.  闲话;闲谈14.secondly adv.   第二;其次15.swap vt. 交换16.item n. 项目;条款识记词汇1.upset adj. 　 　心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的vt. 使不安;使心烦;打翻2.ignore vt. 不理睬;忽视3.calm vt.& vi. (使)平静;(使)镇定adj. 平静的;镇静的;沉着的4.concern vt. (使)担忧;涉及;关系到n. 担心;关注;(利害)关系5.series n. 连续;系列6.outdoors adv. 在户外;在野外7.dusk n. 黄昏;傍晚8.entire adj. 整个的;完全的;全部的9.entirely adv. 完全地;全然地;整个地10.power n. 能力;力量;权力11.dusty adj. 积满灰尘的识记词汇12.partner n.　　 　伙伴;合作者;合伙人13.settle vi. 安家;定居;停留vt. 使定居;安排;解决14.suffer vt.& vi. 遭受;忍受;经历15.recover vi.& vt. 痊愈;恢复;重新获得16.pack vi.& vt. 捆扎;包装;打行李n. 小包;包裹17.teenager n. 十几岁的青少年18.exactly adv. 确实如此;正是;确切地19.disagree vi. 不同意20.grateful adj. 感激的;表示谢意的21.dislike n.& vt. 不喜欢;厌恶22.tip n. 提示;技巧;尖;尖端;小费vt. 倾斜;翻倒拓展单词1.disagree vi.不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n.同意;协议2.exactly adv.确实如此;正是;确切地→exact adj.准确的;精确的3.power n.能力;力量;权力→powerful adj.强大的;有力的→powerless adj.无力的;没有能力的4.concern vt.(使)担忧;涉及;关系到 n.担心;关注;(利害)关系→concerned adj.担心的;忧虑的→concerning prep.              关于;涉及5.suffer vt.& vi.遭受;忍受;经历→suffering n.折磨;苦难6.entire adj.整个的;完全的;全部的→entirely adv.完全地;全然地;整个地7.recover vi.& vt.痊愈;恢复;重新获得→recovery n.恢复;复苏;康复8.dusty adj.积满灰尘的→dust n.灰尘短语记忆1.go through　　　 　经历;经受2.set down 记下;放下;登记3.get along with 与……相处;进展4.calm down (使)平静下来;(使)镇定下来5.be concerned about 关心;挂念6.a series of 一连串的;一系列;一套7.on purpose 故意8.at dusk 在黄昏时刻9.suffer from 遭受;患病10.get∕be tired of 对……厌烦11.add up 合计12.pack up 打包13.join in 参加;加入14.fall in love 相爱;爱上15.in orde to  为了……16.face to face  面对面地句型整理1.While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗的时候,你不小心让狗跑了,然后它被汽车撞了。2.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。3.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。 4.It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face... 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……重点语法Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (Ⅰ):statements and questions[直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ):陈述和疑问]1.upset adj.心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的vt.使不安;使心烦;弄翻归纳拓展①be upset about∕over∕at sth.为某事心烦②(sth.) upset sb.(某事)使某人心烦意乱③(sb.) upset sth.(某人)打翻∕弄翻某物④It upset(s) sb.to do sth.∕that...做……使人心烦∕不快完成句子①今天,一个男子在莫尔文和雷丁之间的火车上很大声地打电话,使许多乘客心烦意乱。Today,a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading,making many passengers upset.　②是他说话的方式而不是他所说的话使她十分难过。It was the way he said it rather than what he actually said that completely upset her.③看到她对老人的所作所为让我不快。It upset me to see what she had done to the old man. upset为表语形容词,不用作定语。2.calm vt.& vi.(使)平静;(使)镇定adj.平静的;镇静的;沉着的归纳拓展①calm (sb.) down (使某人)平静下来,镇静下来②stay∕keep∕remain calm保持镇静完成句子①她说这些睡前活动可以使孩子们变得兴奋,并且很难使他们安静下来并睡觉。She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.(2017年6月浙江,阅读理解B)②Remaining calm(保持镇定),I suggested he carefully rotate (转动) the tube.(2018年11月浙江,完形填空)词语辨析: calm平静的,镇静的。指无风浪或人的心境镇定自若。quiet宁静的,安静的。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑。still静止的,不动的。指没有运动或动作的状态。silent寂静的,沉默的,不发音的。指没有声音或不讲话。 选词填空(calm∕quiet∕still∕silent)Everything was quiet except that the heavy rain struck the window.Then the mudslide happened,but the frightened people stood there still,not knowing what to do.He remained calm in the face of the danger,and led all the people to the safe place.Later he kept silent over his brave behavior.3.concern vt.(使)担忧;涉及;关系到n.担心;关注;(利害)关系归纳拓展①out of concern出于关心②be concerned about∕for sth.担心……;关心……③be concerned with与……有关;涉及④as∕so far as...be concerned就……而言;依……之见⑤concerning prep.关于完成句子①其他人关注使用更少的水和肥料的园艺方法。Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers.②就我个人而言,花太多时间玩智能手机是不明智的。As far as I’m concerned,it’s not wise to spend much time playing with smartphones. concerned作形容词,用作前置定语时,意为“担忧的,关心的,挂念的”;用作后置定语时,意为“相关的,有关的”。　一句多译:完成句子②其他表达方式③In my opinion,it’s not wise to spend much time playing with smartphones.④In my view,it’s not wise to spend much time playing with smartphones.⑤From my point of view,it’s not wise to spend much time playing with smartphones.4.suffer v.遭受;忍受;经历归纳拓展①suffer vt.遭受;蒙受,后常跟 pain∕defeat∕loss∕damage∕poverty∕hunger∕punishment∕illness∕hardship等。②suffer vi.后常与介词 from连用,表示“受……折磨;受……之苦;患某种疾病”。③suffering n.(指肉体或精神上遭受的)痛苦、疼痛、困难完成句子①如果邻居病了,主动帮他去购物。If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping.(2018年6月浙江,七选五)②显然你正遭受着飞行时差反应的折磨。Obviously you’re suffering from jet lag(时差反应).③The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage(遭受最严重的缺水).(2019年6月浙江,阅读理解C)1.add up合计归纳拓展①add...to... 在……中加入……②add to 增添;增加③add up to 总计④add sth.on (to sth.) 附加;加上⑤in addition 另外⑥in addition to 除了……以外单句填空①Eating out once or twice a week may be affordable but doing this most days adds(add) up.(2018年6月浙江,语法填空)②The numbers add up to exactly 100.2.go through经历;经受 用法①仔细检查　②用完　③完成　④浏览　⑤通过 完成句子①如果你能拿出一些时间仔细检查我的简历并做必要的修改,我将不胜感激。I’d be very grateful if you could take some time to go through my resume and make necessary changes.②Suddenly another thought went through(另一个想法闪过) Kate’s mind like an electric shock.③你已经把所有的钱都花光了吗?Have you gone through all your money already? 归纳拓展go常见短语:①go against 违背②go by 经过③go on 继续④go out 出去∕熄灭⑤go over 复习∕仔细检查⑥go up 上升∕上涨 3.set down记下;放下;登记 归纳拓展①set up开办;建立;设立②set aside留出;拨出(时间、金钱等);不顾;把……置于一边③set off出发;动身;引起;使爆炸④set out to do sth.开始、着手做某事⑤set about doing sth.着手做某事 用set相关短语填空①我们为什么不找个有个像样院子的房子,问问能否在那里搭个帐篷呢?Why didn’t we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up a tent there?(2017年11月浙江,读后续写)②请把你的感想在纸上写下来。Please set your feelings down on paper.③从长远看,到了我们着手解决这个问题的时候了。From a long-term point of view,it is time for us to set about solving this problem.4.get along with与……相处;进展归纳拓展①get along∕on well with sb.与某人相处得好②get along∕on well with sth.某事进展得好∕顺利③get常见短语:get across讲清楚;(使)被领会get away from离开;脱身get about∕around (消息)传开get down to (doing) sth.开始认真做某事;着手做某事get over克服 用set相关短语完成句子①我的英语学习进展顺利。I’m getting along well with my English studies.②我该开始认真思考一下那篇论文了。It’s time I got down to thinking about that essay.1.While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗的时候,你不小心让狗跑了,然后它被汽车撞了。句中While walking the dog为省略句形式,相当于While you were walking the dog。归纳拓展当when,while,until,if,unless,though,even though,as,as if等词引导的时间、条件、让步或方式状语从句中主语与主句的主语一致或状语从句的主语为it,且谓语动词为be时,常将从句的主语和be动词省略。 完成句子①要和积极向上的人在一起,他们会在爱你这个人的同时激励你做得更好。Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are.②那名男子躺在地上一动不动,好像是受了重伤。The man was lying on the ground,motionless,as if seriously injured.2.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。before conj.常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间,译法灵活。归纳拓展(1)before引导时间状语从句时主要表达下列不同的意思:①还没来得及……就……(强调从句动作发生之前,主句动作已经发生);②……之后才……(说明主句的动作持续时间比较长而从句的动作才开始);③在……之前;④(不久)就……;⑤以免……;⑥趁着……(还没有)(2)含before 的常用句式有:①It won’t be long before...用不了多久就会……(before从句用一般现在时)②It wasn’t long before...没过多久就……(before从句用一般过去时)③It will be+一段时间+before...要过若干时间之后才……(before从句用一般现在时)④It was+一段时间+before...过了若干时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)完成句子①他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.②约翰认为用不了多久他就会为他的新工作做好准备。John thinks  it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job. 3.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。句中包含一个强调句型it’s because...that。强调句型的构成:归纳拓展①强调句型的基本结构为:It is∕was+被强调部分+that∕who+其他部分(若被强调的是人,可用that或who;若被强调的部分是其他时,一律用that)。另外要注意:原句的谓语动词不能被强调。②强调句的一般疑问句结构为:Is∕Was it+被强调部分+that∕who...?③强调句的特殊疑问句结构为:特殊疑问词+is∕was it+that...?④对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为:It is∕was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分。完成句子①将感到伤心的是我的妈妈。It was my mama who would be sad.②我们到底什么时候开会?When is it that we will have a meeting?③总之,礼貌用语会使你的生活更方便。In a word,it is polite words that will make your life become convenient.④直到这个地方被严重污染了他们才认识到该采取行动阻止污染了。It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that it was high time to take action to stop pollution. 判断是否是强调句,可把“It is∕was”和“that∕who”去掉,如果句子成分及句意仍然完整,则是强调句,否则不是。4.It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face...这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…… 归纳拓展It is∕was the first time+ that 从句 某人第一次做某事(=It is the first time for sb.to do sth.=Sb.do sth.for the first time.)此句式主句的谓语是现在时,从句的谓语用现在完成时;主句的谓语是过去时,从句的谓语用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had been to the Summer Palace.这是我第一次去颐和园。①It’s(about∕high) time (that) sb.did∕should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。(should不能省略)②It’s (about∕high) time (for sb.) to do sth.是(某人)该做某事的时候了。注:如果②中有for sb.则可和①换用。一句多译①是当地政府采取措施保护环境的时候了。It’s time that the local government took∕should take measures to protect the environment.=It’s time for the local government to take measures to protect the environment.②这是他第二次在物理考试中得满分。It is the second time that he has got full marks in the physics exam.=It is the second time for him to get full marks in the physics exam.=He has got full marks in the physics exam for the second time.