所属成套资源：2021版高三英语人教版一轮复习讲义（）
2021版高三英语人教版一轮复习讲义：选修八Unit2 Cloning
展开Unit 2 Cloning
阅 读 词 汇 | 1.twin n. 双胞胎之一;孪生儿之一 adj. 成对的;成双的 2.straightforward adj. 简单的;直接的;坦率的 3.carrier n. 携带者;搬运工;运输工具 4.arbitrary adj. 任意的 5.fate n. 命运;天命 6.medium n.(pl.media) 媒介;手段;工具 7.the media 大众传播媒体(如电视、报纸等) 8.conservative adj. 保守的;守旧的 9.constitution n. 宪法;章程 10.compulsory adj. 必须做的;义务的;强迫的;强制的 11.opera n. 歌剧;歌剧团;歌剧院 12.chorus n. 合唱;合唱队 13.loaf n. 一条(面包) 14.flour n. 面粉 15.claw n. 爪;脚爪 16.turkey n. 火鸡 17.feather n. 羽毛 |
识 记 词 汇 | 1.differ vi. 不同;相异 2.exact adj. 精确的;准确的 3.identical adj. 同一的;一模一样的 4.commercial adj. 商业的;贸易的 5.complicated adj. 复杂的;难懂的 6.undertake vt. 着手;从事;承担 7.breakthrough n. 突破 8.procedure n. 程序;步骤;手续 9.cast vt. 扔;投;掷 10.altogether adv. 总共;完全地 11.correction n. 改正;纠正;修正 12.object vi. 反对;不赞成 13.objection n. 不赞成;反对;异议 14.obtain vt. 获得;赢得 15.attain vt. 获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等) |
识 记 词 汇 | 16.forbid vt. 禁止;不准 17.accumulate vt.& vi. 积累;聚积 18.owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于…… 19.shortly adv. 立刻;不久 20.retire vi. 退休;离开 21.bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰 22.assumption n. 假定;设想 23.regulation n. 规则;规章;法规 24.popularity n. 受人喜爱;流行 25.strike vt.& vi. 打;撞击;罢工 n. 罢工 26.adore vt. 崇拜;爱慕;喜爱 27.hatch vt.& vi. 孵出;孵卵;孵化 28.reasonable adj. 合情理的;讲道理的;公道的 29.resist vt. 抵抗;对抗 30.drawback n. 缺点;不利条件 31.merely adv. 仅;只;不过 32.decoration n. 装饰 33.unable adj. 不能的;不会的 34.initial adj. 最初的;开始的 35.impact n. 撞击;冲击;巨大的影响 36.moral adj. 道德(上)的;伦理的 37.vain adj. 虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的 |
拓 展 词 汇 | 1.differ vi.不同;相异→different adj.不同的→difference n.差异;不同 2.identical adj.同一的;一模一样的→identity n.身份;同一性;一致 3.commercial adj.商业的;贸易的→commerce n.商业;贸易 4.complicated adj.复杂的;难懂的→complicate vt.使复杂化→complication n.复杂 |
拓 展 词 汇 | 5.correction n.改正;纠正;修正→correct adj.正确的 v.改正 6.object vi.反对;不赞成→objection n.不赞成;反对;异议 7.accumulate vt.& vi.积累;聚积→accumulation n.积累;增加 8.retire vi.退休;离开→retirement n.退休;引退 9.assumption n.假定;设想→assume vt.假定;设想 10.regulation n.规则;规章;法规→regulate vt.调节;管理 11.popularity n.受人喜爱;流行→popular adj.流行的;通俗的;受欢迎的 12.resist vt.抵抗;对抗→resistance n.抵抗;对抗→resistant adj.有抵抗力的;抵制的 13.decoration n.装饰;装修→decorate v.装饰;装修 14.reasonable adj.合情理的;讲道理的;公道的→reason n.原因;道理 |
短 语 记 忆 | 1.pay off 得到好结果;取得成功;偿清 2.in vain 白费力气;枉费心机 3.in good∕poor condition 状况很好∕坏;情况很好∕坏 |
短 语 记 忆 | 4.in favour of 赞成;支持 5.cast down 使失望;使沮丧 6.(be) bound to (do)... 一定或注定(做)…… 7.strike...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心 8.from time to time 不时;偶尔 9.bring back to life 使复生;使复活 |
句 型 整 理 | 1.The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die,but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其优势是如果发生一种新的疾病,这些动物中的一些可能会死掉,但是另外一些却能存活下来,并将这种抵抗能力传给下一代。 2.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 她看起来是在正常地成长着,这个事实很令人鼓舞。 3.Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. 克隆植物很简单而克隆动物非常复杂。 |
重点 语法 | Revise the Appositive (words,phrases and clauses) [复习同位语(单词、短语和从句)] |
1.differ vi.不同,相异
归纳拓展 | ①differ with sb.on sth.和某人在某事上意见不同 ②differ in...在……方面不同 ③differ from...与……不同 ④be different from...(in...)(在……方面)与……不同 ⑤make a difference (to...)(对……)有影响,起作用 ⑥tell the difference between A and B 区分A与B之间的差异 |
单句填空
①The two plans differ in one major respect.
②Rock music consists of many different (differ) styles.(2019年6月浙江,七选五)
③Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference(differ) in the world.
2.undertake vt.着手,从事,进行;担任,承担,负责;答应,承诺
归纳拓展 | ①undertake a task∕responsibility承担任务∕责任 ②undertake to do sth.许诺做某事,同意做某事 ③undertake for...为……负责 ④undertake that...保证…… |
完成句子
①现在我们必须尽快采取行动,你就告诉我们你能否承担这项任务吧。
We must act as quickly as possible now.Just tell us whether you can undertake the task or not.
②她保证在星期五之前完成这项工作。
She undertook that she would finish the job by Friday.
③他保证6个月内还钱。
He undertook to pay the money back in six months.
undertake sb.that...这一结构不正确,只可用undertake to do∕that...。
3.object vi.不赞成;反对
n.物体;目标
归纳拓展 | ①object to sb.∕sth.反对某人∕某事 ②object to doing sth.反对做某事 ③have∕take∕make an objection to (doing) sth. 对(做)某事表示反对 |
单句填空
①History is much more than the study of dusty old objects(object) and events long past.(2019年天津,阅读理解A)
②He objected to being treated(treat) like a child.
③Mom never could understand our objections(object).(2017年11月浙江,读后续写)
4.forbid vt.禁止;不准
归纳拓展 | ①forbid sb.to do sth.=forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 ②forbid (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事 |
单句填空
①Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money,but at that time these amounts were forbidding (forbid) to most citizens.(2019全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C)
②He was forbidden to leave(leave) the base as a punishment.
③The new law forbids smoking(smoke) in offices.
forbid 后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语,但可直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语,也可用 forbid
sb.to do sth.形式,有类似用法的单词还有:allow,permit,advise 等。
5.owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……
归纳拓展 | ①owe sth. to sb.把某事物归功于某人;应感激某人 ②owe sb. sth.(=owe sth. to sb.)欠某人某物 ③owing to...因为,由于……(一般作状语) 相当于on account of∕as a result of |
完成句子
①He owes his good health to(他把身体健康归功于) plenty of exercise and a regular life.
②I owe it all to you that (把……归功于)I won the first place in the English Speech Contest.(2019年6月浙江,应用文写作)
③The train was late owing to the bad weather(由于天气不好).
6.strike vt.&vi.打;撞击;罢工;袭击;报时;划(火柴)
n.罢工
归纳拓展 | ①be struck by∕with...被……击中;被……打动 ②It strikes∕struck sb.that...某人突然想起…… ③go on strike举行罢工(强调动作) ④be on strike在罢工(强调状态) |
完成句子
①当我走在路上的时候,突然有了一个好主意。
A wonderful idea suddenly struck me when I was walking on the street.
②游客被旅游区的美景迷住了。
The visitors were struck by the beauty of the tourist area.
7.resist vt.抗拒,抵制,对抗,忍住
归纳拓展 | ①resist (doing) sth.抵制(干)某事 ②can’t ∕couldn’t resist doing sth.∕can’t help doing sth.忍不住干某事 ③resistance n.抗拒 |
完成句子
①务必确保你要忍住不去回复你收到的每一条短信。
Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive.
②他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。
He couldn’t resist showing off his new car.
1.pay off 得到好结果;取得成功(不及物动词短语);偿清(及物动词短语)
归纳拓展 | ①pay for sth.付某物的钱;为某事物付出代价 ②pay sb. money for sth.因某事而付某人钱 ③pay back 偿还(欠款);报复 ④pay a visit to拜访 ⑤pay attention to注意 ⑥pay the bill买单,付账∕款 |
用pay的相关短语填空
①他们有借款、账单、抵押贷款需还清,还要为退休攒钱。
They have loans,bills,a mortgage(抵押贷款) to pay off,retirement to save for.
②他酬谢了医生,并付了买药的钱。
He paid the doctor and paid for his medicine,too.
③能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。
That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.
2.in vain白费力气;枉费心机
归纳拓展 | ①in advance提前 ②in debt负债 ③in order井然有序 ④in return作为回报 ⑤in danger处于危险状态中 ⑥in place在恰当的位置 |
短语填空
①在徒劳驾驶了一段时间之后,妈妈突然想到了一个好主意。
After driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea.(2017年11月浙江,读后续写)
②在拜访他之前,我提前给他打了电话。
Before visiting him,I called him up in advance.
1.The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die,but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其优势是如果发生一种新的疾病,这些动物中的一些可能会死掉,但是另外一些却能存活下来,并将这种抵抗能力传给下一代。
The advantage is that...优势是……,此处that引导的是表语从句。在这个表语从句中,if there is a new illness是条件状语从句,后面的some of these animals may die和 others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation是表语从句中的主句。
归纳拓展 | ①The problem is that...问题是…… ②The chance is that...有可能…… ③There is no chance that...没有可能…… |
完成句子
①问题是世界各国的垃圾已堆积如山……
The problem is that countries around the world have growing mountains of rubbish...
②由于余下的比赛不太难,我们队在结束时有可能会名列前茅。
The chance is that our team will finish at the top,as our remaining matches aren’t too difficult.
③他们赢得比赛是不可能的。
There is no chance that they will win the match.
2.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.她(多莉)看起来是在正常地成长着,这个事实很令人鼓舞。
that she seemed to develop normally是同位语从句,说明the fact的具体内容。在英语中,说明某些名词内容的从句是同位语从句。
归纳拓展 | ①that引导同位语从句,对被修饰词进行解释说明,that仅起连接的作用,无意义,但不能省略。 ②常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有:fact,news,word,hope,idea,doubt,thought等。 ③在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议,要求,命令”的词后,同位语从句的谓语动词通常为should +do,should可以省略。 |
完成句子
①大约在下午两点传来通知说会议将被延期。
The notice that the meeting would be postponed came around two in the afternoon.
②我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I heard the news that our team had won.
③我突然意识到她是来向我借钱的。
The thought struck me that she had come to borrow money.
3.Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.
克隆植物很简单而克隆动物非常复杂。
归纳拓展 | ①while 引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”,从句中用延续性动词或表状态的词。 ②while引导并列句,意为“然而”,表示对比、比较。 ③while引导让步状语从句,多用于句首,意为“尽管,虽然”。 |
完成句子
①你在遛狗的时候,由于粗心,把狗弄丢了。
While walking the dog,you were careless and it got lost.
②我曾经建议孩子们,虽然动词看起来乏味,但是他们一生中大部分有趣的事情都与动词有关。
I had advised the kids that while verbs may seem dull,most of the fun things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.(2017全国Ⅱ,完形填空)
