2021版高三英语人教版一轮复习讲义：语法名词性从句语法精讲
展开名词性从句
考点一 引导名词性从句的连接词
1.连接代词who,whose,whom,what,which及wh-ever等
它们有词义,在从句中作成分。what∕whatever指物,作主语、宾语、 定语、表语;who∕whoever指人,在从句中作主语、宾语;whom∕whomever指人,在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语;which∕whichever指人或物,在从句中作定语、主语、宾语。带-ever的连接词意义上有“任何……”之意。
What I want to know is the price of the bike.
我想知道的就是自行车的价格。
You can buy whatever you need in the shop.
在这家商店你能买到任何你需要的东西。
whoever,whatever,wherever...等引导的从句不仅是句子的语气加强了,而且此类词引导的句子表示让步和泛指的概念,而who,what,where...等引导的句子表示具体的概念。如:
What he said is right.
他所说的是对的。(特指他这次所说的事情)
Whatever he said is right.
无论他说什么都是对的。
此处,whatever= anything what,表示泛指和让步,意为“无论他说什么”。
Who will do it is not decided.
谁去做这件事还没有确定。(指一次具体的动作)
Whoever does it will be punished.
无论谁做了这件事,都要受到惩罚。
(此处特别强调“无论是谁”)
wh-ever这类词引导名词性从句时,不能用no matter+who∕what∕which...代替。
2.连接副词when,where,why,how等
它们有词义,在句中作状语。when表时间,why表原因,where表地点,how表方式、程度。
This is why I came here.
这是我来这儿的原因。
I have no idea where he went.
我不知道他去了哪里。
I don’t know when I will see her again.
我不知道何时才能再见到她。
He showed us his way how he worked out that problem.
他向我们展示了他计算那道题的方法。
3.从属连词that,whether,if
(1)that无词义,在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。引导宾语从句时可省略,引导其他名词性从句时不能省略。
I heard (that) he won the first prize.
我听说他得了一等奖。
My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter.
我的建议是讨论一下这件事。
She expressed the hope that she would come to China one day.
她表达了有一天要来中国的愿望。
(2)whether和if表示“是否”,但在从句中只起连接作用,不作句子成分。除在宾语从句中常可互换外,主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句一般由whether连接。
Whether they would support us was a problem.
他们是否会支持我们还是个问题。
4.as if∕as though 引导的表语从句
as if∕as though 引导的表语从句常跟在be 动词,seem,look,taste,sound,feel,appear 等动词之后。从句可以用陈述语气,也可以用虚拟语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
浓雾笼罩着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑毯子覆盖到它的上面。
It seems as if it is going to rain.
看上去好像要下雨了。
此处使用陈述语气而非虚拟语气。
5.because,why 引导的表语从句
because,why 也可引导表语从句,但because 引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason 或cause (该结构常用that 引导)。
常用于以下句型:
China is developing fast.That’s why I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.
中国在飞速发展,这就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。
The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless.
他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。
考点二 that,what引导的名词性从句的区别
引导名词性从句时,that没有词义,在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时,往往选用that;而what引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”或“……的”,在从句中用来作主语、表语、定语或宾语。
It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(主语从句)
我从没想到你能成功说服他改变主意。
The reason for her absence is that she has to take care of her sick mother.(表语从句)
她缺席的原因是她得照顾她生病的母亲。
What was most important to her,she told me,was her family.(主语从句;what在从句中作主语)
她告诉我,对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
As a young man,he doesn’t know what it takes to start a shop here.(宾语从句;what在从句中作宾语)
作为一名年轻人,他不知道在这儿开商店需要什么。
China is no longer what she used to be.(表语从句;what在从句中作表语)中国不再是过去的样子了。
考点三 宾语从句的否定转移
主句主语是第一人称,谓语为think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等时,宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句谓语动词用肯定式。
I don’t think he will come by train.
我认为他不会坐火车来。
I don’t suppose that we can win the game.
我认为我们赢不了这场比赛。
1.There is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2019全国Ⅰ)
2.What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go.(2019北京)
3.It is possible caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans,too.(2018年11月浙江)
4.Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017北京)
5.She asked me I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017天津)
答案及剖析:
1.that 考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处说明evidence的内容,且从句中不缺成分,故答案为that。
2.where 考查宾语从句。在介词than后用where引导宾语从句,where在从句中作状语。此处表示“学生在大学里做什么事似乎远比在哪里上大学更加重要。”
3.that 考查主语从句。语意表示“咖啡因可能导致婴儿的出生缺陷”,此处It是形式主语,真正的逻辑主语是that引导的从句。
4.whoever 本题考查主语从句。本句句意:每年,在风筝节上,制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语成分,并且有“无论”之意,因此应用whoever引导,表示“无论哪个人,无论谁”。
5.whether 本题考查宾语从句。句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆,我承认我还没有归还。根据题干可知,设空处引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,应填whether。
