2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦学案：必修4Unit2　Sportsevents



一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．referee n． 裁判；推荐人
2．continent n. 洲，大陆
3．routine n．& adj. 常规(的)
4．committee n. 委员会
5．male n．& adj. 男性(的)
6．movement n. 社会运动；移动，活动；进展
7．contemporary adj. 现代的，当代的；同一时代的
8．transport n. 交通运输系统；交通工具；运输
vt. 运输，运送
9．budget n. 预算
vi.& vt. 编制预算
10．whistle vi. 吹口哨，吹哨子；呼啸，鸣叫
n. 哨子，口哨；呼啸，鸣叫
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．tradition n. 传统；风俗
2．medal n. 奖牌，奖章，勋章
3．attempt n．& vt. 尝试，努力，试图
4．otherwise adv. 否则，不然
5．stadium n. 体育场，运动场
6．precious adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的
7．association n. 协会，社团；关联；联想
8．honour n. 尊敬；荣幸；节操；荣誉
vt. 尊敬，尊重(某人)
9．meanwhile adv. 与此同时，在此期间
10．technique n. 技术，工艺，技巧
11．champion n. 冠军，优胜者
12．unusual adj. 特别的，不寻常的；与众不同的
13．remove vt. 去除，移开；开除；免职，
解除(职务)；脱去(衣物)
14．tie vt. 打成平局；(用绳、线)系，绑，捆
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的→delight n．高兴v.使高兴
2．significance n．重要性，意义→significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的
3．compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitive adj.竞争的，竞赛的→competitor n．比赛者；竞赛者
4．absence n．缺席，不在场；不存在→absent adj.缺席的，缺少的，心不在焉的→present (反义词)adj.到场的，出席的
5．origin n．起源，起因；出身→original adj.原来的，起初的
6．power n．力量；能量；影响力；权力；统治vt.驱动，提供动力→powerful adj.强大的，强有力的
7．excite vt.使激动，使兴奋→excited adj.兴奋的，激动的→exciting adj.令人激动的，使人兴奋的→excitement n．兴奋，激动
8．nation n．国家，民族；全体国民→national adj.国家的
9．unfair adj.不公正的，不公平的→fair adj.公平的
10．frequent adj.频繁的，经常发生的→frequently adv.屡次；频繁地
1.“校园设施”知多少？
①stadium 体育场
②library 图书馆
③gym hall 体操馆
④canteen 餐厅，食堂
⑤dormitory 宿舍，公寓
⑥laboratory 实验室
⑦playground 操场
2.慧眼识别“形似词”
①
②
③
④
3.“比赛”多多
①game ②match
③race ④contest
⑤competition
4．“联系”高频词一览
①link ②touch
③contact ④relation
⑤connection ⑥association
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．by_tradition 按照传统
2．take_part_in 参加
3．in_honour_of 为向……表示敬意
4．bring...back_to_life 使……重生
5．side_by_side 共同；肩并肩
6．lead_the_way 领先；带路
7．hang_on (在逆境中)坚持
8．look_forward_to 盼望，期望
9．guess_what 猜猜看，你猜怎么着
10．come_up_with 提出
11．look_out_for 当心，小心
12．be_similar_to 与……相似
13．knock_over 打翻，撞倒
14．make_way_for 给……让路，让位于……
15．apply_to 适用于，应用于
16．pass_something_on_(to_somebody)
转交，传给，递给
17．keep_a_close_watch_on... 密切关注……
18．by_accident 偶然，意外地

1.“by＋n.”短语集锦
①by design 故意地
②by blood 按血统
③by tradition 按照传统
④by origin 就来源而言
⑤by chance 偶然，碰巧
⑥by accident 偶然，意外地
2.“n.＋prep.＋n.”结构短语
①arm in arm 臂挽臂地
②hand in hand 手挽手/牵手地
③back to back 背对背地
④side by side 共同；肩并肩
⑤face to face 面对面地
⑥heart to heart 心连心地
3.“当心，小心”表达种种
①be careful 小心，当心
②look out for 当心，小心
③watch out for 小心，提防
④take care 注意，当心
⑤mind your steps 当心脚下
⑥watch your head 小心碰头
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用

句型公式
教材原句
句型1：no matter＋疑问词，引导让步状语从句
Today，both male and female athletes from around the world can take part，no_matter_what nation they come from.
如今，来自世界的男女运动员都可以参加，不论他们来自什么国家。
句型2：make it＋adj./n.＋for sb.to do sth.使某人做某事怎么样
He dreamt that the Olympics would make_it_possible_for_people_of_all_countries_to_live side by side in peace.
他梦想着奥运会可以使各国人民和平相处成为可能。
句型3：must have done表示对过去的肯定性推测，意为“一定已经做了”
I am sure the whole of China must_have_felt_proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.
我相信当许海峰为他的国家赢得第一名的时候，整个中国都会感到自豪。
句型4：形容词(短语 )作状语
The Eagles went home angry_and_bitter because they did not win the tournament.
鹰队在联赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。

二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．It is a tradition(传统) for the school’s old team to play against the new team at the end of spring practice.
2．John wrote stories for a publishing house, and meanwhile(与此同时) worked as a reporter at a local television station.
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40，000 people attempt(尝试；企图) to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
4．The musician has perfect technique(技巧) but little expression.
5．The football match is to be held in one of the largest stadiums(体育场) of our city.
6．No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence(absent) at the meeting.
7．In the middle of last century planes began to be used to transport(transport) both passengers and goods.
8．When she returned to her office, Miss Green found her computer removed(remove) and she was very confused.
9．The mother was delighted(delight) to learn that her son was admitted to Tsinghua University.
10．In my personal view, it is of great significance(significant) for us to have dinner with our friends, because our friendship will be strengthened and we can also get ourselves relaxed.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I was excited to know that Beijing and Zhangjiakou would be the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympics.When I told my brother about it, he jumped with excitement．(excite)
2．He was delighted in talking and it was a delight to listen to his talk.(delight)
3．The significant discovery of new gas field in South China Sea is of great significance to our country’s economy.(significant)
4．All the excited competitors who are relatively competitive are competing for the honor of winning the gold medals in the competition．(compete)
5．He is always absent from class, and his absence makes his headteacher angry.(absence)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
by accident; look forward to; look out for; keep a close watch on; knock over
One day, while going to school, Tom didn’t 1.keep_a_close_watch_on the heavy traffic and was 2.knocked_over 3.by_accident. He was sent to hospital immediately and fortunately, he was not hurt seriously.He has been 4.looking_forward_to picking up as soon as possible. This accident reminds us again that we must 5.look_out_for cars while crossing the street.
in honour of; hang on; by tradition; make way for; lead the way
Last night, we watched the ping­pong final between China and America. At first, the American team 6.led_the_way,_and then they 7.made_way_for our Chinese team gradually. Although their competitors were great, our Chinese players 8.hung_on. In the end, it was our Chinese team that won the championship, which excited us greatly. 9.By_tradition,_we held a celebration 10.in_honour_of our teammates.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．不管天气如何，她总是日复一日地步行十英里。
Day in, day out, no_matter_what_the_weather_is_like,_she walks ten miles.
2．不管他在哪里，早饭前出去散步是他的一贯做法。
No matter where he is, he makes_it_a_rule_to_go_out_for_a_walk_before_breakfast．
3．他一定知道他父母的婚姻即将破裂。
He must_have_been_aware that his parents’ marriage was about to break up.
4．因为在全神贯注地读书，他没注意到老师走进教室。
Deep_in_the_book,_he didn’t notice the teacher come into the classroom.


delighted　adj.高兴的；快乐的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I am delighted to_inform(inform) you that this year’s music festival will be held shortly.
②a.I cannot tell you how delighted(delight) I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me.
b．When I heard of the delightful(delight) news that my brother had passed the driving test, I felt very pleased.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(福建卷)令我高兴的是，我从数百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。
③To_my_delight,_I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. (delight n．)
④What_delighted_me_was_that I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. (delight v．＋主语从句)

(1)be delighted at/with/by 对……高兴
be delighted to do... 很高兴做…… 　
(2)delight n． 高兴
vt.& vi. (使)高兴
(much) to one’s delight 令某人(极其)
高兴的是
with/in delight 高兴地
take delight in 以……为乐
[佳句背诵] I am delighted to introduce Weifang to you, which is famous as “the capital of kites”， with a history of nearly 2，400 years in flying kites.
我很高兴向你们介绍潍坊，它作为“风筝之都”而闻名，已有将近2 400年的放风筝历史了。
compete　vi.比赛；竞争
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·天津卷)We can compete with students from other schools in the World Adolescent Robotics Competition.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
③Living in a highly competitive(compete) society, you have to equip yourself with modern technology and skills.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)我们队现在正忙着为这场比赛做准备，从生活到日常训练。我们有信心赢得这场比赛。
Our team is now busy preparing for the game, from living to daily training.We are confident that we can_win_this_competition．

(1)compete in 参加……比赛；
在……方面竞争
compete for 为……而竞争
compete with/against...for
为争取……而与……对抗/
竞争
(2)competition n. 比赛；竞争
competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的
competitor n. 竞争者；对手　
[佳句背诵] Every year, many players will try their best to compete in the dragon boat race on the Dragon Boat Festival.　每年的端午节，许多选手都会尽最大的努力去参加龙舟赛。
honour　n．荣誉，头衔　v．尊敬，敬重；授予荣誉
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I feel honoured to_be_invited(invite) to give you a lecture on how to improve English reading ability, which is really a great honour to me.
②If I could have the honour to_study(study) here, I promise that I would never fail your expectation.
③The ceremony is held in honour of two firefighters who have been honoured for their courage.
[能力提升]——一句多译
我很荣幸能在这里与你分享关于高中要学习什么的看法。
④It_is_my/an_honour_to_be_here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.(honour n．)
⑤I_feel_honoured_to_be_here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.(honour v．)

(1)be honoured for... 因……而受到尊敬或
获得荣誉
be honoured as... 被尊为……
be/feel honoured to do/of doing...
做……而感到荣幸
(2)have the honour to do/of doing...
有幸做……
in honour of 为了纪念……　
[佳句背诵] To the old man’s relief, his son’s act of saving lives was honoured by local residents.
让老人感到欣慰的是，他儿子舍身救人的行为受到了当地居民的尊重。
[名师点津] honour表示“一件荣誉的事或一个光荣的人”时，是可数名词。
absence　n．缺席，不在；缺乏，不存在
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.
②During his absence from Guangzhou his co­workers did a lot of work.
[能力提升]——一句多译
很长时间没有上学后，我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课。
③My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my_long_absence_from_school．(absence)
④My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after I_had_been_absent_from_school_for_a_long_time．(absent)

(1)absence from school/work 缺课/缺勤
absence of mind 心不在焉的
in the absence of (人)不在，缺席，
(物)不存在，缺少
in one’s absence 在某人不在时，
在某人缺席时
(2)absent adj. 缺席的，不在的
be absent from 缺席；不在
[佳句背诵] It was his absence of mind during driving that nearly caused a serious accident.　就是他开车时的心不在焉才差点导致一起严重事故。
attempt　vt.尝试；企图　n．努力，尝试
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Kevin had treatment on the understanding that he would attempt to_overcome(overcome) his drinking problem.
②Don’t expect to pass the driving test at the first attempt. After all, you’ve been learning to drive for only a couple of days.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他试图通过这次考试，但考试太难通过了。
③He attempted_to_pass/at_passing the exam, but it was too difficult to pass.(attempt v．)
④He made_an_attempt_to_pass/at_passing the exam, but it was too difficult to pass. (attempt n．)

(1)attempt at doing/to do sth.
尝试或努力做某事
(2)make an attempt at doing/to do sth.
尝试或努力做某事
at one’s first attempt 某人第一次尝试　
[佳句背诵] The town is banning plastic bags in an attempt to protect the environment.
为了保护环境，这个城镇禁用塑料袋。
otherwise　adv.否则，不然；在其他方面
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①My parents lent me the money.Otherwise I couldn’t have afforded the trip.
[能力提升]——完成句子
②Do come earlier next time, otherwise_you_will_be_punished(不然你就要受到惩罚)．
③You arrived in time fortunately.Otherwise_you_would_have_lost_the_chance(不然你就会失去这一机会了)．

and otherwise 等等；及其他
or otherwise 或相反；或其他情况　
[佳句背诵] I argue that every one of us should try our best to help those in need. Otherwise we’ll have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later.
我认为我们每一个人都应当尽力去帮助有困难的人。否则，我们迟早要为我们的自私付出代价。
remove　vt.移动，开除，除去，取消　vi.迁移，搬家
[一词多义]——写出下列句中remove的含义
①(2019·江苏卷)What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations？除去
②(2017·浙江卷6月)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.摘掉
③We tried to remove his doubt and let him tell the truth.打消
④Three children were removed from the school for bad behaviours yesterday.开除
[能力提升]——句式升级
⑤(普通表达)What you said has completely removed my doubts.
(高级表达)What you said has_had_my_doubts_removed completely. (have＋宾语＋宾补)

remove...from... 把……从……移开
remove from...to... 从……搬迁到……　
[佳句背诵] This charming cottage dates back to the 15th century and its new garden which is used to remove stress from our lives is under construction.
这所美丽的村舍是15世纪时的建筑，还有一所新的花园正在建设中，以供人们用来消除日常生活的压力。
[词块助记]
remove one’s doubt/trouble　 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼
remove sb.from school/office 开除/免职某人
power　n．能力；力量；权力；动力　vt.供以动力
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Though he has been in power for two years, he hasn’t found an effective solution to the country’s economic problems.
②Unfortunately, it’s beyond my power to get through the work in such a short time.
③(2019·江苏卷)It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful(power) animal on earth.
④It has been four years since he came to_power.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
⑤(普通表达)I’ll try my best to perform well in the volunteer work.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
(高级表达)I’ll do_everything_in_my_power to perform well in the volunteer work.

(1)come to/into power 掌权；上台；执政(表动作)
be in power 执政；当权(表状态)
in one’s power 在某人的掌控中
beyond one’s power 某人力所不能及的
do everything in one’s power＝do/try one’s best 尽力而为；竭尽全力
(2)powerful adj. 强大的；有力的
[佳句背诵] As the saying goes, “Knowledge is power.”　俗话说，“知识就是力量。”
[联想发散] 表示“竭尽全力”的常用表达有：
①do/try_one’s_best；②make_every_effort；③spare_no_effort；④do_everything_in_one’s_power．
bring...back to life　使……重生；使……恢复；使……再生
[基础练习]——用bring的相关短语填空
①The great damage which the earthquake brought_about made many people homeless or lose their lives.
②His father died when he was young, and he was_brought_up by his mother.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③得知要举办艺术展，而且你们正在就展出场所征集意见，我们都积极活跃起来。
The moment we’ve learned that an art exhibition is to be held and that you’re collecting suggestions on its location, we_all_came_to_life．

(1)give life to 赋予……生命
come to life 恢复生机，活跃起来；苏醒
live/lead/have a．..life
过着……的生活
(2)bring up 养育；抚养；提出；呕吐
bring about 引起/导致(事故、变化等)
bring down 使……降低；使……倒下
bring in 引入；赚得，挣得
bring on 带来，造成；导致
bring out 出版，生产　
hang on(＝hold on)　不挂断；(在逆境中)坚持；紧紧握住，保留
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①If you have no other business, you may hang up the phone.
②Can you hang on while I go for some water?
③We should hang on to the house until prices are higher.
④They often hang out with bad people out of school and get into bad habits of bullying others.
⑤I’ll hang around until you show up at the gate.

hang on to 抓紧；保留，不卖掉，不放弃
hang up (on sb.) 挂(某人的)电话
hang out 常去某处；泡在某处
hang about/around (在某处附近)等待，逗留　
[佳句背诵] You can change, provided you hang on to the essential you.
你可以改变，只要你坚守最本真的你。
make way for　给……让路，让位于……
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Half the buildings in the street have been pulled down to make way for the new post office to be built.
②When I was young, Mom helped me learn reading by way of pictures.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③你绝不可以接受这样的挑战。
In_no_way can you accept such a challenge.
④经过十年的努力工作，他终于取得了成功。
He made_his_way at last after ten years’ hard work.
⑤长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。
The_Great_Wall_winds_its_way across north China like a huge dragon.

(1)make one’s way　 前往；获得成功
give way to 给……让路
(2)feel one’s way 摸索前进
find one’s way 渗入到，找到出路
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进
(3)by way of 用……形式/手段
in no way 绝不(位于句首，句子用倒装)　
[佳句背诵] Feel the silence in your heart, feel the inner space that allows you to release the old energies and make way for the new.
感受你内心的宁静，感受那内在空间，它允许你释放旧能量以为新的让路。

make＋it＋adj./n.＋for sb. to do sth.使某人做某事怎么样
(教材P22)He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace.
他梦想着奥运会可以使各国人民和平相处成为可能。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·浙江卷6月)I have much experience in voluntary work so that I find it a good idea for me to apply for the position.
② She made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
③He is stubborn, which makes it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)新建的体育馆足够大，这使我们有可能参加各种各样的活动。
The newly­built stadium is large enough, which_makes_it_possible_for_us_to_take_part_in_various_activities．

(1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句
make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.
make＋it＋no good/no use/no value...＋doing sth.
(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有think，consider，find，feel等。　
[佳句背诵] ①Having watched A Bite of China will make it easier for you to understand why he is determined to make his living by running a Chinese food restaurant in New York.
看了《舌尖上的中国》，你会更容易理解为什么他决定在纽约开一家中餐馆来谋生。
②I’d like to make it clear that I had nothing to do with this.
我想明确地说明我和这事没关系。
形容词(短语)作状语
(教材P39)The Eagles went home angry and bitter because they did not win the tournament.
鹰队在联赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(浙江卷)Tiring(Tire) and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
②Excited(excite) and happy, we greeted the foreign guests at the entrance of the school.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)I was too nervous, and I couldn’t think of anything at the beginning of the exam.
(高级表达)Too_nervous,_I couldn’t think of anything at the beginning of the exam. (形容词短语作状语)

(1)形容词(短语)作状语时，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等。
(2)形容词(短语)作状语时，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
[佳句背诵] To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired but healthy.
令我们欣慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到家里，疲惫却健康。
[名师点津] 如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。


维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．Excited(excite) by the new discovery，we decided to go out and celebrate.
2．The man went to bed，drunk(drink) and when he woke up, he found his shoes still on.
3．Looking at her large empty apartment，I became aware of how lonely my mother must_have_been(be) in Brazil herself.
4．The young athlete，having_attempted(attempt) several times to break the world record in swimming，decided to have another try.
5．I had a bad cold，otherwise I would_have_visited(visit) more experts who are famous in the financial industry last week.
维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．The children compete with/against each other to reach the other end of the pool.
2．They must make it clear for us to know how to operate the machine.
3．We are now enjoying the cool air in the room.In the meanwhile，the farmers are harvesting crops in the hot sun.
4．We have a party in honour of the famous artist.
5．She arrived just as we were leaving, but whether this was by accident or not, I’m not sure.
维度三　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.去掉
2．They have invented a new car, which is powered by solar batteries.供以动力
3．To compete more effectively with others, more and more people equip themselves with a higher education.竞争
4．I’m more than delighted to invite you to go to Xi’an which is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China.高兴的
5．Attempting to change someone else’s attitude towards life is a waste of time and energy.试图
维度四　易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．He parked his car illegally and it removed by the police.在it后加was
2．Why were you absent off the meeting yesterday？off→from
3．I don’t like to be a housewife tying to the kitchen all day.tying→tied
4．They should have got lost or they’d be here by now.should→must
5．What we are told today is of very significance.very→great
6．I feel that it’s honour to have you here.在honour前加an
7．He said he’d pass the message on the other students.在on后加to
8．When the movie star arrived, all the people waiting there made way of him.of→for
维度五　完成句子
1．屠呦呦是第一个获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。
Tu Youyou is the_first_Chinese_female_to_win the Nobel Prize.
2．玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。
Mary can’t_have_stolen_your_money．She has gone home.
3．无论你什么时候来看我，我都欢迎你。
No_matter_when_you_call_on_me,_you are welcome.
4．为了让孩子们在圣诞节及时收到礼物，所有的礼物必须马上寄出去。
In_order_for_the_children_to_receive them in time for Christmas，all these gifts must be mailed immediately.
5．又渴又饿，她走进饭店，在一张小桌旁坐了下来。
Thirsty_and_hungry，she went into the restaurant and seated herself at a little table.

提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
Excited and delighted, I feel 1.honoured(honour) to have the chance to share my experience as a Senior Three student. As a Senior Three student, I think all things should make way 2.for your studies, 3.otherwise,_you will be distracted now and then. To be able 4.to_compete(compete) with others in the entrance examination, you should do the following：
First of all, you should concentrate on your studies, because 5.absence(absent) of mind is a waste of your limited time. What’s more, you should hang on no matter 6.what difficulty you meet. You can make it a rule 7.to_consult(consult) your teachers at a certain time, which is of great 8.significance(significant). Last but not least, you are to suffer great pressure, so you should attempt 9.to_deal(deal) with it by yourself, or turn to your teachers for help, whose help will make you 10.powerful(power)．
Work hard, and you will succeed.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①奥运会是世界上最著名的运动会，举办它对一个国家来说意义重大。
It is_of_great_significance for a country to host the Olympic Games，and it is the best­known Games in the world.
②运动员们把为民族赢奖牌当成一种荣誉。
Athletes make_it_an_honour to win medals for their nation.　
③在奥运会开幕式上，从点燃圣火开始，我国体育健儿为金牌奋力竞争。
Since the Olympic flame was lighted at the Olympics opening，our athletes attempted_to_compete_for_gold_medals．
④他们在体操、举重、射击、乒乓球等比赛中获得冠军，这使得所有的中国人既高兴又激动万分。
They won championship in gymnastics，weightlifting，shooting，ping­pong and other competitions，which made__all__the_Chinese_citizens_delighted_and_excited．
⑤无论多么艰难，他们也要坚持。
No_matter_how_hard it is，they must hang on.
⑥许多运动员通过他们自己的精彩表现给观众带来了许多快乐。
Many athletes bring_joy_to_the_audience with their wonderful performance.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用定语从句升级句①
It_is_of_great_significance_for_a_country_to_host_the_Olympic_Games,_which_is_the_best­known_Games_in_the_world.
⑧用强调句升级句⑥
It_is_with_their_wonderful_performance_that_many_athletes_bring_joy_to_the_audience.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：personally)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
It is of great significance for a country to host the Olympic Games, which is the best­known Games in the world.Personally, athletes make it an honour to win medals for their nation.Since the Olympic flame was lighted at the Olympics opening, our athletes attempted to compete for gold medals.They won championship in gymnastics，weightlifting，shooting，ping­pong and other competitions，which made all the Chinese citizens delighted and excited.No matter how hard it is，they must hang on.It is with their wonderful performance that many athletes bring joy to the audience.

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形
阅读理解
A
(2020· 亳州联考)

Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.
But while it’s long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)—chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so­called “runner’s high”， a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.
Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.
But after being given a drug to block their endorphins they changed. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, the runner’s high symptoms seemed to fade.
“The long­held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out，” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on a science blog.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.
The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes(开药方)exercise for patients who are suffering from depression.
“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it’s especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的) depression，” it wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.
【解题导语】　本文主要探究了影响运动者情绪高涨的因素。
1．What did scientists from German universities recently discover?
A．Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression.
B．The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids.
C．Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running.
D．The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.”可知，德国一些大学的科学家们最近发现了跑步者情绪高涨是由内源性大麻素引起的，故选B。
2．The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to ________.
A．find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms
B．see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high
C．identify what is responsible for the runner’s high
D．test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released
C　解析：推理判断题。根据对第二段和第三段的整体理解，并结合第四段“To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.”可推知，科学家们在实验中给老鼠药物是为了确定究竟是哪种物质会引起跑步者的情绪高涨，故选C。
3．The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to “________”．
A．effect B．goal
C．question D．belief
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据对全文内容的理解可知，该词所在句子与第二段“But while it’s long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)—chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so­called ‘runner’s high’， a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.”呼应，并结合本句结构可推知，此处notion与believed相呼应，故选D。
4．According to the UK’s National Health Service, regular workouts ________．
A．are the best way to treat depression
B．can help ease depression symptoms
C．only work for those with serious depression
D．can help people completely recover from depression
B　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三、四段和倒数第二段第二句“Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it’s especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的)depression.”可知，常规锻炼有利于情绪好转及缓解抑郁症状，故选B。
B
(2020·湖南六校联考)Keeping fit often means sharing a busy pathway with cyclists, runners and walkers, but imagine facing the task of doing it all without being able to see or hear. It is a challenge many disabled athletes face, unless someone agrees to be their eyes and ears.
Newly formed group Achilles Brisbane pairs vision­and hearing­impaired(视觉和听觉受损的) athletes with people who would like to guide them.
Jane Britt, president of Achilles Brisbane, who is vision­and hearing­impaired, said, “When we go out, it’s much less frightening to have someone beside us that has full hearing to listen for us and tell us what’s there.”
Ms.Cullen and Ms.Britt meet up most Saturday mornings to take part in the five­kilometer park run. Their partnership is built on trust, but Ms. Britt said that it took time to develop.
Ms.Britt said it took an unexpected storm for her to trust Ms. Cullen completely. “There was violent rain, my glasses were broken and we were walking together. I suddenly had to tell her I couldn’t see anything, and I was going to have to completely trust her. From that time I knew it was going to work because she was so good about dealing with the special situation we both found ourselves in，” she said.
Isabella Allen and her seeing eye dog Tatum are two new additions to the Achilles Brisbane. Ms. Allen kept active by rowing, running and cycling but found it difficult to keep going as her vision became worse. After nearly giving up completely, she worked up the courage to ask Achilles Brisbane to find someone to share a boat with her.
Ms. Allen said the fear of not finding anyone to row with almost stopped her from reaching out to Achilles Brisbane. “But, they found people and matched me to them，” she said. “It’s the best thing I’ve ever done.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。残疾人参加体育锻炼与正常人是不同的，他们常常面临各种挑战，为此专门成立了一个锻炼帮扶组织。文章讲述了该组织帮扶的两个具体事例。
5．What does Paragraph 1 try to show?
A．The danger of walking on a busy road.
B．The difficulty the disabled athletes face.
C．The exercise people do to keep fit.
D．The necessity of building roads for the blind.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“but imagine facing the task of doing it all without being able to see or hear. It is a challenge many disabled athletes face, unless someone agrees to be their eyes and ears”可推知，对于视觉和听觉受损的运动员来说，参加锻炼是一项挑战，除非有人做他们的耳朵和眼睛；由此可推知，第一段旨在说明残疾人运动员所面临的困难，故B项正确。
6．How does Jane Britt feel about going out alone?
A．Relaxed. B．Excited.
C．Worried. D．Bored.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When we go out, it’s much less frightening to have someone beside us that has full hearing to listen for us and tell us what’s there.”可推知，Jane Britt认为，他们出去的时候，如果他们身旁有听力正常的人为他们去听并告诉他们那里有什么，那就没有那么可怕了。由此可推知，Jane Britt对独自外出感到担忧，故C项正确。
7．What happened in the heavy rain according to Ms.Britt?
A．She developed a strong sense of teamwork.
B．She led Ms.Cullen forward on the road.
C．She began to rely on Ms.Cullen as her guide.
D．She fell down on the ground.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的内容，尤其是“I suddenly had to tell her I couldn’t see anything, and I was going to have to completely trust her.”可知，Britt的眼镜在大雨中碎了，她看不到任何东西，完全依靠Cullen女士做她的向导，故C项正确。
8．What was the best thing Ms.Allen has done?
A．Asking Achilles Brisbane for help.
B．Working in Achilles Brisbane.
C．Exercising non­stop.
D．Meeting Tatum.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“‘But，they found people and matched me to them，’she said.‘It’s the best thing I’ve ever done.’”可知，Allen女士认为她做的最好的事情是向Achilles Brisbane求助，故A项正确。
完形填空
(2020·太原期末)My seven­year­old daughter always has her nose in a book. She even continued __1__ in the car on the long drive to summer camp, where she lost the book. This is the first lost __2__ book in my life. In my childhood, my parents had always expected me to be __3__， but we were poor, and I didn’t __4__ books. I had to borrow books. My library books lived on a __5__ shelf while they were mine, and it __6__ me when I had to return them to the library on the due day.
However, my daughter has __7__ books now than I owned during my whole childhood. So it’s probably my __8__ that she didn’t cherish the books. “Sorry, I can’t find it，” my daughter said with a shrug. “We just pay $20 for the book. What’s the big __9__？” The missing library book just met with a cold __10__ from her, but it met with nail­biting __11__ from me. I walked into the library in a deep __12__ as if I had lost the book.
Feeling the need to make her feel __13__ for the book, I asked her to do the household chores. She agreed to clean up all the pets’ houses __14__ my paying the library book. I’d meant the chores to be a(n) __15__！
Surprisingly, she was enjoying herself. I took a picture of her lovely back. So, did I win or lose at __16__？ Did I teach her the __17__ of keeping a library book if the picture I took shows she is working __18__？
To my __19__， my little girl knew what __20__ in her life. She could devote herself to the chores as much as to the books.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述的是“我”教育女儿的经历：“我”在童年时期因为家庭经济状况不好但家人又期望“我”学业成绩优秀，所以“我”对从图书馆借来的书很珍惜；“我”的女儿现在拥有很多书，但却对弄丢一本从图书馆借来的书毫不在乎，这让“我”意识到有必要让她接受惩罚……
1．A.driving B．thinking
C．reading D．viewing
C　解析：根据文章第一句“My seven­year­old daughter always has her nose in a book.”可推知，“我”的女儿甚至在去夏令营的长途中在车里继续看(reading)书。
2．A.school B．reference
C．story D．library
D　解析：根据下文中的“The missing library book”可知，此处是指“我”的女儿把从图书馆借来的书弄丢了。故选D。
3．A.powerful B．practical
C．academic D．employed
C　解析：根据本句中的“but we were poor”和下文中的“I had to borrow books.”可推知，在“我”的童年时期，父母一直希望“我”的学业成绩优秀。academic“学业(成绩)优秀的”符合语境，故选C。
4．A.write B．own
C．order D．love
B　解析：根据上文“we were poor”可知，在“我”的童年时期，“我们”家很穷，所以“我”没有(own)书。故选B。
5．A.wasted B．dusty
C．present D．specific
D　解析：根据语境可知，因为买不起书，只能从图书馆借，所以“我”对从图书馆借来的书很珍惜，把这些借来的书放在特定的(specific)架子上。
6．A.pained B．companied
C．abandoned D．lost
A　解析：根据语境可知，当“我”不得不将借来的书在到期日归还给图书馆的时候，“我”感到很苦恼。it pains sb. to do sth.“某人因不得不做某事而感到苦恼”，为固定用法。故选A。
7．A.fewer B．better
C．cheaper D．more
D　解析：根据语境可知，“我”的女儿现在拥有的书比“我”整个童年时期拥有的都要多，故选D。
8．A.work B．reason
C．fault D．duty
C　解析：根据语境可推知，女儿拥有的书太多而不知道珍惜，这可能是“我”的过错(fault)。
9．A.worry B．question
C．case D．deal
D　解析：根据“my daughter said with a shrug. ‘We just pay $20 for the book. What’s the big ______？’”可知，“我”的女儿认为弄丢一本从图书馆借来的书没有什么大不了的。big deal“没什么大不了”，是固定搭配，故选D。
10．A.shoulder B．power
C．refusal D．excuse
A　解析：根据上文内容可知，那本从图书馆借来的丢失的书遭到了女儿的冷遇(女儿根本就没把这件事放在心上)。meet with a cold shoulder“遭受冷遇”，符合语境。
11．A.impression B．effort
C．effect D．concern
D　解析：根据本句中的“but”可推知，与女儿的不在意相比，那本从图书馆借来的书的丢失却令“我”焦虑不安。concern“忧虑，担心”，符合语境。
12．A.respect B．thought
C．shame D．shock
C　解析：因为女儿把图书馆借来的书弄丢了，所以当“我”走进图书馆时，内心深感惭愧(shame)，好像这本书是“我”自己弄丢的。
13．A.eager B．responsible
C．good D．suitable
B　解析：根据语境可知，经过女儿弄丢从图书馆借来的书却对此不在乎这件事，“我”感到有必要让她意识到自己对弄丢这本书负有责任，所以“我”要求她做家务活。
14．A.in need of B．in trade for
C．in terms of D．in favor of
B　解析：句意：她同意把所有的宠物房间都打扫干净，作为对我偿还那本丢失的书的交换条件。in trade for“作为对……的交换”，符合语境。in need of“需要”； in terms of“就……而言”；in favor of“赞同，支持”。
15．A.punishment B．recovery
C．encouragement D．promise
A　解析：根据语境可知，“我”本来是要把做家务活当作对她的惩罚(punishment)。recovery“恢复”； encouragement“鼓励”；promise“承诺”。
16．A.studying B．parenting
C．arguing D．fighting
B　解析：句意：我在为人父母方面是成功还是失败呢？此处parent用作动词，意为“做……的父亲(或母亲)”。
17．A.benefit B．method
C．commitment D．demand
C　解析：句意：如果我拍的这张照片显示她正认真地(seriously)干活，那我让她明白了保存一本从图书馆借来的书的承诺(commitment)吗？
18．A.seriously B．unwillingly
C．professionally D．constantly
A　解析：参见上题解析。
19．A.disappointment B．relief
C．regret D．sorrow
B　解析：根据下文“She could devote herself to the chores as much as to the books.”可推知，令“我”宽慰(relief)的是，“我”的女儿知道在她的人生中什么是重要(matters)的。
20．A.matters B．proves
C．exists D．grows
A　解析：参见上题解析。
课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
阅读理解
A
(2020·淮北统考)

Roberto Clemente is the greatest baseball player of all time. He had an unbelievable batting average(击球率) in all seasons he played. Having won four batting titles, Gold Glove Awards twelve times, and a Most Valuable Player Award, he is certainly the best that ever played.
Besides being the best baseball player, Roberto Clemente was also a great man and a hero. In 1972, there was an earthquake in Nicaragua. On December 31 of that year, Clemente flew to Nicaragua to take supplies to the people. Almost immediately after takeoff, the plane crashed into the Caribbean Sea.
The best honors for Clemente came after he died. He was the first Latino voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. In 1999, the city of Pittsburgh, where he played baseball, renamed a bridge after him—a bridge that leads to the city’s beautiful new stadium.
No one summed up the life of Roberto Clemente and the baseball commissioner(总干事) when, at Clemente’s Hall of Fame award ceremony, he said, “He was so great a man, as a leader and humanitarian, so great an inspiration to the young and to all in baseball, especially to the proud people of his homeland, Puerto Rico.” The commissioner further honored Clemente by creating a sportsmanship award in his name.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了棒球明星罗伯托·克莱门特的人生经历。
1．What can be concluded from Roberto Clemente’s trip to Nicaragua?
A．He got injured in an air crash.
B．He cared about people and the world.
C．He donated a huge sum of money to Nicaragua.
D．He earned his fame for his bravery and generosity.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句“In 1972, there was an earthquake in Nicaragua. On December 31 of that year, Clemente flew to Nicaragua to take supplies to the people.”可知，在1972年尼加拉瓜发生地震后，克莱门特飞往尼加拉瓜，向那里的人民运送物资。据此可推知，克莱门特是一位关心人民和世界的人，故B项正确。
2．What do we know about Roberto Clemente from the passage?
A．He died in Puerto Rico.
B．There was a bridge built for him.
C．He played baseball in Pittsburgh.
D．His statue was in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“In 1999, the city of Pittsburgh, where he played baseball”可知，他曾在匹兹堡市打过棒球，故C项正确。
3．What happened at Clemente’s Hall of Fame award ceremony?
A．A sportsmanship award was set up in Clemente’s name.
B．Clemente was voted into the Soccer Hall of Fame.
C．Clemente gained an honor from the people of his homeland.
D．The commissioner praised Clemente’s unbelievable batting skills.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句“The commissioner further honored Clemente by creating a sportsmanship award in his name.”可知，为表彰克莱门特，总干事还以克莱门特的名义设立了体育精神奖，故A项正确。
4．Where is the passage most probably taken from?
A．A science journal. B．A sports magazine.
C．A radio program. D．A news report.
B　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了棒球明星罗伯托·克莱门特的人生经历。据此可推知，本文最可能选自体育杂志，故B项正确。
B

(2020·惠州高三调研)TOKYO, June 8(Xinhua)—The Beijing Organizing Committee of the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games held a promotion event in the Japanese capital of Tokyo on Saturday to introduce the latest developments in preparations for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
The promotion event, which used an exhibition wall and the “Charming Beijing” photo exhibition to showcase the preparations of Beijing 2022, was part of “Beijing Week”， a series of activities to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of sister­city relations between Beijing and Tokyo.
On the exhibition wall with an area of 33 square meters, Beijing 2022 organizers showcased five aspects including the Beijing Winter Olympics vision, Beijing’s winter sports tradition, emblems(徽章) of Beijing 2022, competition planning and the National Speed Skating Oval.
At the same time, old photos of the Chinese and Japanese ice hockey teams echoed the 40th anniversary of the establishment of sister­city relations between the two cities and the theme of Beijing Winter Olympics.
The promotion videos of the Beijing 2022 emblems, as well as other related video clips, drew great interest of the audience.
The “Charming Beijing” photo exhibition displayed some of the Winter Olympic venues, showing the progress of the preparations for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
Meanwhile, the sand table, VR glasses and the“Beijing Winter Olympics Brochure” are also provided to let the audience visually experience the unique charm of the National Speed Skating Oval and the features of other competition venues.
Chang Yu, Director General of the Media and Communications Department of the Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee, introduced the progress of the preparations of Beijing 2022 and the vision of cooperation between Beijing 2022 and Tokyo 2020.
Chang Yu said that the Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee stays committed to hosting the Games in a green, inclusive, open and clean manner, with the aim of delivering a fantastic, extraordinary and excellent Olympic event to the world.
The Beijing Winter Olympics will open on February 4, 2022, which will feature 7 sports, 15 disciplines and 109 events.
【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会组委会在东京举行了宣传活动，展示了冬奥会准备工作的最新进展。
5．How was the promotion event carried out?
A．By advertising on TV in Beijing and Tokyo.
B．By sending off brochures to citizens in Tokyo.
C．By providing various visual experiences.
D．Through tours all around Tokyo.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词the promotion event定位到文章第二段中的“The promotion event, which used an exhibition wall and the ‘Charming Beijing’ photo exhibition to showcase the preparations of Beijing 2022”可知，这个宣传活动用一个展览墙和图片展览展示北京2022年冬奥会所做的准备工作，故选C。
6．The underlined word “commemorate” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________．
A．celebrate B．appreciate
C．compare D．combine
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“the 40th anniversary of the establishment of sister­city relations between Beijing and Tokyo”并结合常识可知，此处表示庆祝北京和东京姐妹城市关系成立40周年，故画线词与A选项词义最接近。
7．What can be inferred from Chang Yu’s introduction?
A．Beijing will host the Olympics earlier than Tokyo.
B．Beijing is well­prepared for the 2022 event.
C．Beijing 2022 proves a great success.
D．Beijing 2022 will be environmentally friendly.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词Chang Yu’s introduction定位到原文倒数第二段，根据该段中的“to hosting the Games in a green, inclusive, open and clean manner”可推知，北京2022年冬奥会将对环境友好。
8．Which of the following can be the title for this passage?
A．The Sister­city Anniversary Between Beijing and Tokyo
B．Beijing 2022 Promotion Event in Tokyo
C．Beijing and Tokyo, Friendship Forever
D．Preparations for Beijing 2022 Olympics
B　解析：标题归纳题。根据文章第一段中的“The Beijing Organizing Committee of the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games held a promotion event in the Japanese capital of Tokyo”并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要讲述了北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会组委会在东京举办了宣传活动，展示了北京冬奥会准备工作的最新进展，故B项适合作本文标题。
七选五
(2020·武汉调研)One of the areas of our body which conveys most about how we feel is how we move our hands and arms. 1.________， but most often they occur unconsciously and naturally.
2．________. Open hands and arms, especially extended, and with hands up in front of the body at chest height, indicates that what you’re saying is important and, especially when people are speaking in public, a pointing finger or a hand waving above the shoulders stresses a personal point. However, research shows that people often find speakers who point their fingers a lot rather annoying.
Openness or honesty. 3.________， they will often hold one or both of their hands out to the other person. Footballers who have just committed a foul (犯规) often use this gesture to try to convince the referee that they didn’t do it.
Nervousness. If a person puts his hand to his mouth, this either indicates that he is hiding something, or that he is nervous. 4.________， and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body.
Feeling defensive. Arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself. It is often seen among strangers in queues or in lifts or anywhere where people feel a bit insecure. People also sometimes use this gesture when they are listening to someone, to show that they disagree with what is being said. 5.________！
A．Saying something important
B．When people want to be open or honest
C．Hand and arm gestures are sometimes intentional
D．But this gesture can simply mean that the person is cold
E．Playing with your fingers, like tapping the table, also shows anxiety
F．This gesture is typical of lawyers, accountants, and other professionals
G．When someone puts up his both hands, he probably gives in to his enemies
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了肢体语言的各种含义，如说明你在讲重要的事；表示开放和诚实的心态；表示紧张和防御心理等。
1．C　解析：根据该句中的“but”可知，空处与下文“手和手臂大部分时候会自然、无意识地移动”形成转折关系，C项中的“intentional”与该句中的“unconsciously and naturally”相对，故C项正确。
2．A　解析：根据文章结构以及空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题；结合本段内容尤其是下文中的“indicates that what you’re saying is important” “stresses a personal point”可知，该段主要陈述“肢体语言有时表示某事物的重要性”，故A项正确。
3．B　解析：根据空前的“Openness or honesty.”可知，该段主要陈述肢体语言表明的第二种含义：表示开放或诚实(的心态)，结合选项中对应的“to be open or honest”可知， B项正确。
4．E　解析：根据该段主题句“Nervousness.”可知，该段主要陈述肢体语言表明的第三种含义：紧张。结合本段内容和下文中的“and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body”可知，空处应是陈述另一种表示紧张的肢体语言形式，故E项正确。
5．D　解析：根据该段第二句“Arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself.”可知，双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前是一种典型的防御姿势，表明你在保护自己。再结合常识可知，双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前仅仅说明你很寒冷，故D项正确。
语法填空
(2020·昆明质检)Hotel guests in China might no 1.____________(long) have to worry about waiting in line to check in. At the Alibaba’s futuristic(未来派的) hotels, guests can scan their IDs, take a photo and input personal details using a machine to check 2.____________(they) in. The smart equipment will then provide a room key card after the information 3.____________(check). The process will take less than a minute, according to the company. Targeting only Chinese customers for now, the new service will be 4.____________(gradual) expanded globally. The rapid growth of mobile usage and mobile payment adoption can show 5.____________ convenient people’s life is becoming in China.
Alibaba isn’t the only company 6.____________ introduces high­tech hotels. Smart LYZ, a Shenzhen­based company which focused 7.____________developing AI technology and smart hotels, opened the first ever fully automated(自动化的) hotel in Chengdu, Sichuan, back in January. 8.____________(travel) can book a room through Smart LYZ’s WeChat website, check in through a facial recognition machine, unlock the door with a 9.__________(give) passcode or through its mobile app and finally, check out by pressing a button on the app. The AI Smart Room will undoubtedly be extremely attractive to guests, 10.____________(create) the way for a new level of modernization and consumers’ satisfaction.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了智能宾馆的相关内容。
1．longer　解析：考查固定搭配。句意：在中国，宾馆住客再也不用担心排队登记入住了。no longer是固定搭配，意为“不再”，故填longer。
2．themselves　解析：考查代词。此处表示完成他们自己的登记入住。故应用they的反身代词themselves，作check的宾语。
3．is checked　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示在信息被核实之后。此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时，又根据语境并分析句子结构可知，主语the information与check之间为被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，故填is checked。
4．gradually　解析：考查词形转换。此处应用副词修饰其后的“expanded”。
5．how　解析：考查宾语从句。此处表示在中国，人们的生活正在变得多么便利。分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，又根据语境可知，此处表示程度，故用连接副词how“多么”。
6．that　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词the only company，在句中作主语，又根据先行词前面有the only修饰，故填that引导该定语从句。
7．on/upon　解析：考查介词。此处表示专注于研发AI技术和智能宾馆。focus on/upon是固定搭配，意为“集中”，故填on/upon。
8．Travel(l)ers　解析：考查名词。此处表示通过Smart LYZ的微信网页，旅客们就能预订房间。根据语境可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。
9．given　解析：考查形容词。根据空前的a和空后的名词passcode可知，此处应用形容词given“给定的”。
10．creating　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主语The AI Smart Room与create之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用create的现在分词形式creating。