2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦学案：选修7Unit4　Publictransport


[学生用书P196]
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．via prep. 经由，经过(某一地方)；通过，凭借
2．interval n. 间隔，间隙
3．choke vi.& vt. (使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞
n. 哽咽声，呛住的声音
4．authority n. 权力，权威；官方，当权者；批准，授权
5．anniversary n. 周年纪念日
6．split vi.& vt. 分割，(使)分开；撕开，割破
7．departure n. 离开，出发；背离，违反
8．crash n．& v. 撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃
9．aggressive adj. 好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．convey vt. 运送，输送；表达
2．postpone vt. 延迟，延期
3．annual adj. 每年的，一年一次的
4．timetable n. 时间表，时刻表
5．arise vi. 出现，产生
6．detail n. 具体情况，详情，细节
7．load n. 负荷，负载；大量，许多
vt. 装载，装上，装入
8．crossing n. 人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越
9．undertake vt.& vi.　承担，从事；承诺，答应
10．fine vt. 处以罚金
11．drunk adj. 喝醉的
n. 醉汉，酒鬼
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．unfortunately adv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n．幸运，财富
2．unbelievable adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的→believable adj.可信的→believe vt.相信
3．growth n．增加，增长；成长，生长→grow v．长大，生长；种植
4．enquiry n．询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究→enquire v．询问，打听
5．receptionist n．接待员→reception n．接待处→receive vt.接待，招待
6．reservation n．预订，预约；保留意见→reserve v．预订，预约；保留；储备
7．violate vt.违犯，违反；侵犯→violation n．违反
8．enlarge vt.& vi.扩大，扩展，增大→large adj.大的

1.探究“时间”高频词
①interval n．　　　　间歇
②break n. 间歇
③moment n. 片刻
④while n. (一段)时间
⑤instant n．& adj. 时刻；即刻的
⑥permanent adj. 永久的
⑦temporary adj. 暂时的
⑧punctual adj. 守时的
2.“冲突，碰撞”表达种种
①knock　　　　敲击
②collision 撞击，碰撞
③impact 碰撞，冲击
④dash 猛撞
⑤crash 撞车；碰撞
⑥clash 冲突
⑦run into 撞在……上
3.由cyclist想到的“行家”
①artist　　　　　艺术家
②chemist 化学家
③economist 经济学家
④linguist 语言学家
⑤pianist 钢琴家
⑥psychologist 心理学家
⑦scientist 科学家


(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．drop_off 中途下客或卸货
2．link_up 联合，连接
3．put_through 给某人接通(电话)；使经历
4．decide_on/upon 决定，选定
5．put_off 推迟，推延；使反感
6．turn_up 出现，到来；调高(音量等)
7．fill_in 填写(表格)；消磨(时间)
8．split_up 分组，分解；分离
9．speed_up (使)加速
10．arise_from 起因于，由……引起
11．at_(...)_intervals 每隔……距离或时间
12．a_handful_of 少数的，少量的
13．result_in 造成
14．in_good_condition 身体健康，状况好
15．in_connection_with 与……有联系
16．in_need_of 需要
17．watch_out_for 小心
18．be_aimed_at 旨在，目的是
19．look_both_ways 左顾右盼
20．step_into 步入，走进




1.“v.＋up”短语联想
①split up　　　　分组，分解，分离
②set up 建立
③end up 结束
④pay up 付清
⑤cut up 切碎
⑥link up 联合，连接
2.神“出”鬼“没”家族
①show up　　　　露面，出现
②come up 出现；发生
③turn up 出现；发生
④appear vi. 出现；显得；登场
⑤disappear vi. 消失；失踪
⑥die out 灭绝；消失
3.“v.＋in”常用短语
①take in　　　理解；欺骗；吸收
②turn in 移交
③break in 闯入
④give in 屈服，让步
⑤result in 导致，造成
⑥bring in 引进

(三)重点句式——背熟巧用

句型公式
教材原句
句型1：why not do...
为什么不……
So, why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
所以，今天为什么不乘坐最古老的地铁观赏一番呢？
句型2：完全倒装
Below_are_some_of_the_major_causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries, and what drivers should do to prevent them.
以下就是与汽车、小型公共汽车和货车等类型的车辆相关的交通事故的主要原因，以及为防止事故发生司机们应做的事。
句型3：It is up to sb.to do sth.由某人决定做某事
It_is_up_to_all_of_us_road_users_to_make_sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.　靠注意道路安全来确保避免事故，这就取决于我们所有的道路使用者。

二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．The lorry, loaded(装载) with bricks, broke down suddenly in the middle of the bridge.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow(种植) corn instead of rice to improve water quality.
3．Something unexpected happened, so I have to postpone(推迟) my departure.
4．Besides, the timetable(时刻表) should be updated according to the progress of our study from time to time.
5．I wanted to invite you to join in the annual(每年的) English new year party.
6．Tom’s voice choked(choke), and the tears ran down his cheeks.
7．Misunderstandings arising(arise) from lack of social communication, unless handled properly, may lead to serious problems.
8．The high building is one of the most challenging engineering projects they have ever undertaken(undertake).
9．They tried all means, which possibly are helpful, but unfortunately(fortunate) not a means has worked so far.
10．The Chinese folk song conveying(convey) the feeling of sadness for the missing loved one is loved by many people living abroad.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He wanted to make a fortune in the USA, but unfortunately he died halfway.(fortune)
2．Believe in yourself and work harder than others. Then you can do unbelievable things.(believable)
3．Yesterday I received a present. I don’t know who sent it, but I’ll make careful enquiries. I’m writing to my friends to enquire about it.(enquiry)
4．She cycled too fast round the corner, lost her balance and fell off. What was worse, she ran into another cyclist．(cycle)
5．Her teachers did a lot for her growth. So when she grew up, she frequently visited them on festivals.(grow)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
drop...off; put through; turn up; speed up; link up with
With cars 1.linking_up_with our life closely, I believe that this will 2.speed_up the development of economy and more employment chances will 3.turn_up. With more cars, the quality of our life will be greatly improved. We can 4.put_through our trade partners or friends while in a car, which will save time and make our life and work more efficient. In addition, the car can 5.drop us off anywhere we would like to. With cars going into every family, I believe our country is bound to be a real modernized country.
put off; result in; arise from; decide on; in need of
The accident that happened yesterday 6.arose_from the driver’s carelessness, 7.resulting_in three deaths and the flight 8.being_put_off. So the government 9.decided_on a measure to strengthen the traffic management. We are 10.in badly need_of such a measure to ensure our safety.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．为什么不再给他一次机会呢？毕竟，他那么爱你。
Why_not_give_him_another_chance? After all, he loves you so much.
2．进来一个小姑娘，穿着白色的裙子。
In_came_a_girl,_wearing a white skirt.
3．我们大家都有责任解决我们街区的问题。
It’s_up_to_all_of_us_to_solve the problems in our neighbourhood.
[学生用书P198]

convey　vt.传达，表达；运送；传导，传播
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①They took a more reasonable approach, conveying(convey) to their children how success at school could improve their lives.
②The police asked the driver to_convey(convey) the passengers to the destination safely.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)I would like to express my sincere thanks to you for your help.
(高级表达)I would like to convey_my_sincere_appreciation to you for your assistance．

convey sth.to sb. 　　 向某人表达/传达某事
convey one’s feelings/meanings
表达某人的感情/意思
convey...from A to B 把……从A地运送到B地　
[佳句背诵] The message conveyed here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”　这里传达的信息很清楚：“事实胜于雄辩”。(江苏卷)
postpone　vt.延迟，延期
[能力提升]——一句多译
(广东卷)一些学生懒惰并且一些学生拖延作业已经成为习惯。
①Some students are lazy and it has become a habit for some students to_postpone_their_homework．(postpone)
②Some students are lazy and it has become a habit for some students to_delay_their_homework．(delay)
③Some students are lazy and it has become a habit for some students to_put_off_their_homework．(put off)

postpone sth.(to/until...)　 推迟某事(到……)
postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事　
[佳句背诵] No one can understand his postponing making a decision until it is too late to do so.
人们无法理解他的迟迟不做决定，等到做决定时，为时已晚。
undertake　vt.着手；从事；承担；承诺；保证
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The project undertaken(undertake) by the young engineer turned out to be very successful.
②Whether or not the construction of the bridge will_be_undertaken(undertake) by our company remains to be seen.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2017·北京卷)收集了所有的材料，那些在计算机方面有天赋的人承担了制作视频的任务。
With all the materials collected, those who are talented in computers undertook_the_task_of making the video.

undertake a task　　　 承担任务
undertake to do sth. 同意、答应或着手做某事
undertake that­clause 保证……　
[佳句背诵] Mr.Collins undertook to look after the children while his wife could go to the fit club with two of her friends.　柯林斯先生答应照顾孩子们，而他的妻子可以和她的两个朋友去健身俱乐部。
[名师点津] undertake的过去式、过去分词分别为：undertook，undertaken。
arise　vi.出现；发生；起身；起床
[一词多义]——写出下列句中arise的含义
①Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose from his chair immediately.起身
②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise.出现
③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床
④As is known to all, emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.产生
[能力提升]——一句多译
休息时， 我们的班主任开始处理在他的课上出现的问题。
⑤At break, our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters arising_from_his_class．(分词作定语)
⑥At break, our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters which_arose_from_his_class．(定语从句)

arise(arose, arisen)vi.　 出现；发生；起因于
rise(rose, risen)vi. 升起；上升；起身；增长
raise(raised, raised)vt. 提升；举起；饲养；抚养；提出
arouse(aroused, aroused)vt.　 唤醒，激起　
[对比记忆] (rise, arise, raise)
(1)As is known to us, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(2)Problems arise because we often do not know what data to capture and, after you capture it, how to analyze it.
(3)To raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment, we launched a campaign.
load　n．负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)　v．装载；加重；把弹药装入(枪炮)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It takes a load off my mind to leave the child in your charge.
②The ship fully loaded(load) with rice reached its destination finally.
③Even though I have loads(load) of schoolwork to do, I’ll spend some free time having sports so that I can keep fit and energetic.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④由于学业负担重，几乎所有的青少年都盼望走出学校去度过快乐的假期。
With_a_heavy_work_load,_almost all teenagers look forward to going out of school for a happy holiday.

(1)loads of＝a load of　 许多；大量(修饰可数名词或不可数名词)
(2)take a load off one’s mind 打消某人的顾虑
(3)load...with... 用……装载…… 　
[佳句背诵] The burden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has received little attention, especially from their own children.
近年来学生的负担是一个热门话题， 但父母的负担却很少有人关注， 尤其是来自他们子女的关怀。
put through　给某人接通(电话)；使经历(磨炼、痛苦)；使成功；使通过；完成
[一词多义]——写出下列句中put through的含义
①I’m looking for a part­time job to help (to) put me through school.完成
②Both the boys were put through the pains they had never experienced before.使经历
③They put all the students through the important exams.使通过
④Could you put me through to my teacher, please? I have something important to tell her.给某人接通(电话)
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(牛津词典)我不会再容忍他们吸烟了。
I’m not going to put_up_with_their_smoking any longer.
⑥据我所知，由于天气不好运动会已经被推迟到下周了。
As far as I know, the sports meeting has_been_put_off_until_next_week because of the bad weather.

put away　　　　　　 储存……以备用；储蓄
put down 放下；写下；镇压
put off 推迟，拖延
put forward 提出(建议，意见)
put up with 忍受，忍耐　
[佳句背诵]
①You have put your family through a lot recently.
最近你使你的家人受苦了。
②Why is it that you’ve come out against the proposal he put forward?
为什么你要反对他提出的建议呢？
turn up　出现；到场；开大；调高；发现；向上翻
[基础练习]——用turn的相关短语填空
①Things turned_out to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.
②The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be turned_down．
③The moment the bell rang, all the students turned_in their papers immediately.
④I often turn_to my classmates or teachers for help.As a result, I have made great progress in my studies.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
⑤(普通表达)Some famous Chinese artists will appear and perform at the exhibition.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
(高级表达)Some famous Chinese artists will turn_up and perform at the exhibition.

turn down 拒绝；关小；调低
turn in 上交；自首
turn out 结果是；证明是；生产；制造
turn over 翻身；移交；转变
turn off 关掉
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
[佳句背诵] Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner or later.
别着急，我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。
[联想发散] “出现，到场”短语荟萃：
①turn_up；②show_up；③be_present_at．
speed up　加速
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①They are broadening the bridge to speed up the flow of traffic.
②Our physics teacher said that light travels at a speed of 300，000km per second.
③Once outside the station, the train began to pick up speed.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④你应该养成良好的学习习惯，这可以帮助你加速实现目标。
You should form a good habit of learning, which can help you speed_up_to_achieve_the_goal．

(1)reduce speed/slow down　 减速
pick up speed　 逐渐加速
(2)at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of...　 以……的速度
　
[佳句背诵] Many countries are faced with the problem about how to speed up economic development.
许多国家面对如何加快经济发展的问题。
[名师点津] speed的过去式、过去分词有两种形式： speeded，speeded或sped，sped。

why not do...为什么不……
(教材P51)So, why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
所以，今天为什么不乘坐最古老的地铁观赏一番呢？
[能力提升]——句型转换
Why don’t you buy a bunch of flowers as a gift?
→Why_not_buy a bunch of flowers as a gift？

why not跟不带to的动词不定式的含义：
(1)表示对否定陈述的回答“为什么不；为什么是那样？”；
(2)表示建议“为什么不做……呢？做……如何？”；
(3)表示同意“当然可以，好啊”。　
It is up to sb. to do sth.由某人决定做某事
(教材P63)It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
靠注意道路安全来确保避免事故，这就取决于我们所有的道路使用者。
[能力提升]——完成句子
①为他们组织一些精彩的歌舞演出是我的职责。
It’s_up_to_me_to_organize some wonderful singing and dancing performances for them.
②(大纲全国卷Ⅱ)——我们今天晚上干什么呢？
—What shall we do tonight then?
——你来决定，你想干什么都行。
—It’s_up_to_you—whatever you want.
③约翰被解雇了，因为他不胜任这份工作。
John was fired because he wasn’t_up_to_the_job．

(1)It is up to sb.to do sth.为固定句式，多出现在口语中，意为“由某人决定做某事；做某事是某人的职责”。　
(2)up to“到……为止；达到；直到；高达(程度)；由……决定；忙于；胜任”。be up to...“胜任……；正在做……”。It is up to you.“随你的便。/由你来决定。”
[佳句背诵] Up to 2，000 former employees have filed personal injury suits against the company.
多达2 000名旧职员以个人伤害为由向该公司提起诉讼。
[学生用书P201]

维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．(2020·泰州一中质检)The drunk (drink) driver is responsible for the accident that happened on a foggy morning.
2．She was very busy right up to the moment of her departure (depart)．
3．When I undertook to_repair (repair) the machine, I didn’t estimate so much trouble.
4．The hotel receptionist (reception) wants to know when we will check out tomorrow morning.
5．Though animals don’t have languages as human beings，they have their own special ways to_convey(convey) their feelings to each other.
维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．Don’t put off what should be done today to tomorrow.
2．I met some old school friends on the anniversary of our graduation.
3．The Internet is widely used, which speeds up the development of English.
4．A small boat loaded with fish slowly drew near, and stopped beside the bridge.
5．If I hadn’t made a call, I wouldn’t have crashed into a street light and hurt my knee.
维度三　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)We will witness the glory of our school, and we are growing together.成长
2．The number of road accident deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past years.引起
3．We are supposed to undertake the responsibility to lead a low­carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance.承担
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.拒绝
5．(2017·浙江卷6月)Pahlsson and her husband searched the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.发现
维度四　易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．It is up to the youth decide the future of a country.在decide前加to
2．Enough sunshine and water are beneficial to the grow of plants.grow→growth
3．We should bear that in mind that knowledge is power.第一个that→it
4．Not received his letter for long, she felt a little worried.在Not后加having
5．With time goes by, smartphones are becoming more and more common.With→As或goes→going
6．People in the past took horse­drawing carts from one place to another.horse­drawing→horse­drawn
7．Having been lived in the city for years, he knows the city well.删除been
8．Seated at the back of the classroom was our master and teachers.was→were
维度五　完成句子
1．既然你喜欢爬山，为什么不选择去泰山旅行呢？
Since you like climbing mountains, why_not_choose the trip to Mount Tai?
2．我像平常一样去了教室。但是，在我桌子旁边坐着一个我以前从没见过的女孩。
I went to the classroom as usual.But there, next to my desk, sat_a_girl I had never seen before.
3．在农场工作了10个小时，玛丽筋疲力尽，浑身酸痛。
Having_worked_for_10_hours on the farm, Mary
was tired out and her body hurt.
4．歧视那些得艾滋病的人是不对的。
It_is_not_right_to_look_down_upon those who have AIDS.

提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
With the development of society, the number of vehicles 1.is(be) increasing rapidly. More and more trams, cabs, minibuses and private cars convey thousands of passengers every day and speed 2.up the pace of life. They are playing 3.an important part in people’s life because cities have 4.been_enlarged(enlarge) greatly. Meanwhile, many subways, railways, platforms and ports have been built. 5.Unfortunately(fortune), this also brings about many problems, such as terrible accidents, traffic jams and so on. The authority undertakes 6.to_make(make) sure the safety of transport and decides on 7.linking(link) up many sections to solve these problems. Many new traffic rules have turned up. The drunk people can’t drive a car. Drivers should slow down and brake at the turning and crossing. Cyclists and pedestrians should also obey traffic rules. Trucks are forbidden 8.to_load(load) too many goods. Vehicles should be put through regular tests. Anyone 9.who violates rules will be punished and fined. People all hope the 10.growth(grow) of vehicles will benefit them.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①大中城市的交通阻塞问题因为越来越多的车辆而产生了。
Traffic jams in metropolitan and medium­sized cities have_arisen_from_the_increasing_number_of_cars．
②公共交通工具像公共汽车、电车、出租车等都不能自由地运送客人。
The public traffic vehicles such as buses, trams, cabs and so on can’t convey_passengers_freely．
③权威部门决定修地下隧道来解决交通问题。
The authority decided_on_digging_underground_tunnel to solve the traffic problems.
④地铁的出现使得大量的乘客上下车成为可能。
The underground’s turning_up_makes_it_possible_to_pick_up_and_drop_off passengers in large numbers.
⑤地铁把城市的不同部分连接起来，承载乘客，加快了乘客的运送速度，承担了很重的运输任务。
The underground links_up different parts of the cities, loads passengers, speeds_up_conveying_passengers and undertakes_heavy_transporting_tasks．
2．升级平淡句
⑥用现在分词短语作状语升级句⑤
Linking_up_different_parts_of_the_cities，the_underground_loads_passengers，speeds_up_conveying_passengers_and_undertakes_heavy_transporting_tasks.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：as a result, so)
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Traffic jams in metropolitan and medium­sized cities have arisen from the increasing number of cars.The public traffic vehicles such as buses，trams，cabs and so on can’t convey passengers freely.As a result，the authority decided on digging underground tunnel to solve the traffic problems.So the underground’s turning up makes it possible to pick up and drop off passengers in large numbers.Linking up different parts of the cities, the underground loads passengers, speeds up conveying passengers and undertakes heavy transporting tasks.

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形
[学生用书P387(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·淮北统考)Two deer jumped out in front of 16­year­old Amanda Floyd’s car. She put on the brake, stopping the car just in time. But later, she started texting. Distracted, Amanda turned left and right, then crashed into another car. Luckily, she wasn’t in a real car—she was in a driving simulator(模拟器) at Roosevelt High School, Ohio, US. “I never really realized that cars made a turn that much，” Amanda, a junior, said. She added that she wouldn’t text while driving anymore.
The Ohio Department of Transportation(ODOT) and Ohio State Highway Patrol brought the simulator to the school. They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk, texting, or talking on the phone.
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, distracted driving claimed 3，450 lives in 2016 alone. Experts believe the actual figure is probably higher.
The simulator is basically a computer program. Like many computer games, it was a hit with the students. They lined up and crowded around to watch each other take turns. The simulator has a steering wheel(方向盘), brake and gas pedal(油门). It is made up of three large computer screens on a table.
Students choose a distraction, such as driving while drunk or texting. They always crash, of course. Then, they are pulled over by the police to be taught the bad results of their driving：how much damage they’ve caused, what their fine is, if anyone died in the accident, and if they’re going to go to prison.
“It teaches how to drive without being on the road，” said Shante Thompson, 16. She had just crashed into a deer.
ODOT spokesman Justin Chesnic said hundreds of kids have gone behind the wheel so far. He said even more have benefited from watching their classmates.
“Driving is such a major responsibility, so take it seriously，” he said. “Put away your cellphone. A lot of the accidents out there are because of distracted driving. It can not only change your life, but change someone else’s life forever. The results are serious.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个驾驶模拟器，学生通过操作这个驾驶模拟器可以增强交通安全意识。
1．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1?
A．Introduce the topic of the text.
B．Illustrate the author’s point of view.
C．Provide some advice for the readers.
D．Offer some background information.
A　解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段讲述了一个事例，然后通过这个事例引出了本文的话题，即driving simulator。由此可推知，作者写第一段的目的是引出文章的主题，故选A。
2．Why is the driving simulator project introduced to Roosevelt High School?
A．It tests the students’ ability to stay focused.
B．It gets students to have fun between classes.
C．It teaches students how to deal with traffic accidents.
D．It makes students aware of the dangers of distracted driving.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk, texting, or talking on the phone.”可知，他们想要帮助学生们了解醉酒、发短信或者打电话时驾车的危害，故选D。
3．What can we know about the driving simulator?
A．It is connected to the local police station.
B．It is a real car but has large computer screens.
C．It attracts the students’ interest as a computer program.
D．It benefits the students who use it more than those who only watch.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的描述，尤其是“The simulator is basically a computer program. Like many computer games, it was a hit with the students.”可知，这个模拟器实质上是一个电脑程序，和许多电脑游戏一样，它很受学生们的欢迎，引起了学生们的兴趣，故选C。
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Traffic rules in Ohio, US.
B．Dangers of distracted driving.
C．Simulated driving for students.
D．Advantages of computer games.
C　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个驾驶模拟器，学生通过操作它可以增强交通安全意识，故选C。
B
(2020·贵阳高三摸底)Traveling by subway can sometimes be quite an adventure, especially during rush hour. There are the times when you have to avoid cups of coffee that could spill(溅) on you. The smells of some passengers’ food are very strong, too.
According to the Beijing subway passenger regulations, which went into effect on May 15th, passengers except babies and the sick are no longer allowed to eat or drink on the subway. Violators(违规者) who do not stop after being asked to will be asked to get off. The violation will also be recorded in the violators’ credit record.
Some support the rule. The reason is that the smell of food and drink can annoy other passengers.“The smell of food fills the carriage, causing people discomfort, especially in the hot summer. Besides, eating on the subway produces rubbish. And on the subway, people often spill their drinks，” said Zheng Yiou, 17, a student from Hefei.
However, others question this rule.“Some citizens live so far from their workplaces that they have limited time to have breakfast before they go to work. Eating while they travel saves them time and decreases the chance that they will be late for work，” He Songlin, a 17­year­old student from Chengdu said.“And some people, like those with low blood sugar levels, get sick if they can’t eat when they must.”
Other Chinese cities like Nanjing and Chengdu have similar regulations. Some foreign cities also ban eating and drinking on the subway. For example, eating and drinking have long been banned on the subway in Washington, D．C. Singapore fines people who eat or drink on the subway up to 500 Singapore dollars.
Chen Yanyan, a professor from Beijing University of Technology, believed we should consider the need of some people to eat or drink on the subway.“Commuters(上班族) and travelers are sometimes too busy to eat. Maybe we could learn from Tokyo, where there are many subway stations equipped with services, allowing passengers to eat and drink，” she said.
【解题导语】　《北京市轨道交通乘客守则》规定在地铁上禁止乘客(除了病人和婴儿)吃东西、喝饮料。南京和成都等城市和一些国外的城市也出台了相应的规定。有些人支持这一规定，也有一些人认为在地铁上吃喝能节省时间、避免上班迟到，而且有些人是因为身体原因必须吃喝。北京工业大学的一名教授认为我们可以学习东京地铁站的做法。
5．In which city were subway passenger regulations carried out on May 15th?
A．Chengdu.　　　　　　　 B．Nanjing.
C．Washington, D．C. D．Beijing.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“According to the Beijing subway passenger regulations, which went into effect on May 15th”可知，D项正确。
6．What is the punishment for the passengers who break the rules in Singapore?
A．Eating on the subway.
B．Drinking on the subway.
C．Being fined heavily.
D．Being asked to get off the train.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段尾句“Singapore fines people who eat or drink on the subway up to 500 Singapore dollars.”可知，在新加坡，违规在地铁上吃喝将被罚款最高500新加坡元。故C项正确。
7．What is Chen Yanyan’s attitude to eating or drinking on the subway?
A．Worried. B．Sympathetic.
C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.
B　解析：观点态度题。根据尾段内容可知，陈教授认为，我们应当考虑一些人对在地铁上吃喝的需求。上班族和旅客太忙，没有时间吃饭，故应当学习东京的做法，在地铁站配备相应的服务系统，允许乘客在地铁站吃喝。据此可推知，陈教授是赞同在地铁上吃喝的，故B项正确。
8．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Food and Drink Banned on Subway
B．The Adventure of Subway Traveling
C．Ways to Eat and Drink on Subway
D．The Services on Subway Stations
A　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文第二段第一句“According to the Beijing subway passenger regulations...passengers except babies and the sick are no longer allowed to eat or drink on the subway.”为全文的主题句；并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了《北京市轨道交通乘客守则》的规定，即除婴儿和病人外，乘客不得在地铁上吃喝；并介绍了与此有类似规定的城市的情况及人们对此的态度，故A项最适合作本文标题。
完形填空
(2020·惠州高三调研)It’s once again been declared the world’s most popular museum. __1__， it may not be a __2__ thing for the Louvre(卢浮宫) in Paris.
The museum broke its own __3__ in 2018, welcoming 10.2 million __4__ and claiming the top spot in an index of the world’s most­visited museums.
But the Louvre’s uptick(小幅增加) in visitors is __5__ too much for many of its workers. And __6__ by reception and security staff over the number of tourists __7__ through its doors have hit opening hours throughout the week.
“The Louvre is suffocating(使人窒息的)，” the workers’ union said in a statement.“T he public has increased by more than 20% since 2009, but the palace has not grown，” it __8__.
The museum was __9__ on Monday and opened later than advertised on Wednesday, due to a __10__ with the dissatisfied workers. Visitors have __11__ outside the building throughout the week, and those without bookings have been __12__.
Although tensions with its workers __13__， the museum’s bottom line is looking __14__. The Louvre broke its 2012 __15__ record last year, marking a dramatic __16__ from a sharp downturn in visits in 2017. The downturn was due to a sudden decrease in __17__ in Paris.
The social media that are __18__ about Beyoncé and Jay­Z’s music __19__ filmed at the museum may have affected that increase.
But while visitor numbers rose at the Louvre, overall attendance was relatively __20__ among the top 20 museums in the world last year. Attendance grew among the top 20 by just 0.1% from 2017 to 2018.
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了游客量的增加使巴黎卢浮宫不堪重负。巴黎卢浮宫2018年的游客量打破其以往纪录，给其工作人员带来重压甚至导致罢工，但带来的收益很可观。
1．A.Moreover　　　　　　 B．However
C．Finally D．Eventually
B　解析：上文是说卢浮宫又一次被宣布成为世界上最受欢迎的博物馆。根据该句中的“may not be”及下文游客量上升给卢浮宫工作人员带来的重压可知，此处表示“然而，对于巴黎卢浮宫来说，这可能不是一件很好的事情”。故选B。
2．A.splendid B．skeptical
C．tough D．sad
A　解析：splendid意为“极佳的，非常好的”；skeptical意为“怀疑的”；tough意为“难办的”；sad意为“伤心的”。
3．A.promise B．rule
C．record D．law
C　解析：根据该句中的“the top spot”并结合语境可知，这家博物馆接待了1 020万游客，打破了它的纪录。故选C。
4．A.musicians B．artists
C．visitors D．volunteers
C
5．A.acquiring B．suffering
C．blaming D．proving
D　解析：根据下文中的“The Louvre is suffocating(使人窒息的)”可知，卢浮宫的游客量的这个小幅增加最后证明是卢浮宫的工作人员所不能承受的。
6．A.strikes B．quarrels
C．fights D．contests
A　解析：根据下文工会在一份声明中所说的话可知，接待处和安保处的工作人员实行罢工是因为涌入博物馆大门的游客太多，故选A。
7．A.flooding B．jumping
C．crawling D．slipping
A　解析：flood意为“大量涌入”；crawl意为“爬行”。
8．A.stopped B．added
C．started D．paused
B　解析：根据上文内容可知，工会在一份声明中表态，此处应是工会补充说。
9．A.decorated B．repaired
C．visited D．closed
D　解析：根据本句中的“opened”并结合语境可知，该博物馆在星期一的时候闭馆，后来又于周三开放。故选D。
10．A.lecture B．meeting
C．speech D．lesson
B　解析：结合选项和常识可知，推迟开放的原因是一次和对现状不满意的卢浮宫工作人员的会议，故选B。
11．A.queued B．dined
C．helped D．served
A　解析：根据该句中的“outside the building”并结合选项可知，此处表示游客在卢浮宫外面排队等候，故选A。
12．A.turned up B．turned over
C．turned away D．turned on
C　解析：根据上文游客量太大，有票的还需排队等候可知，那些没有订票的游客就被拒绝进入博物馆。turn sb. away意为“把某人拒之门处，不准某人进入”，故选C。turn up“到来，偶然出现”；turn over“使翻转”；turn on“打开”。
13．A.die out B．pay off
C．fade away D．go on
D　解析：尽管博物馆和工作人员的这种紧张关系正在继续，但是博物馆的收益看起来还是很可观。
14．A.healthy B．funny
C．tinny D．cozy
A　解析：healthy“可观的”；funny“有趣的”；tinny“(声音)尖细的”；cozy“温暖舒适的”。
15．A.quality B．attendance
C．photo D．worker
B　解析：卢浮宫于去年打破了它在2012年创下的游客到访纪录，这标志着一个对2017年游客量急剧下降的巨大回升。那次下降是由突然发生的巴黎旅游业下滑引起的，故选B。
16．A.alarm B．attack
C．recovery D．prediction
C
17．A.paintings B．products
C．population D．tourism
D
18．A.innocent B．selfish
C．crazy D．generous
C　解析：此处表示对在卢浮宫进行拍摄的Beyoncé和Jay­Z音乐录影特别痴迷的社交媒体也影响了此次游客量的增加。be crazy about sb./sth.“对某人/某物着迷”为固定搭配。
19．A.concert B．video
C．festival D．industry
B
20．A.high B．huge
C．round D．flat
D　解析：根据该句中的“But while”和下文中的“by just 0.1%”可知，虽然卢浮宫的游客量是上升的，但是世界上前20名的博物馆的整体到访率相对而言是不景气的。
课时练2　1篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇改错＋1篇书面表达
[学生用书P389(单独成册)]
阅读理解
(2020·阜阳诊断性测试)In 2011, the old style Malta buses were taken off the road and replaced by modern vehicles. Most of the old buses were deserted, a few were sold, and about 100 of them were put into storage in the hope of showing them in a museum at some stage.
A pre­2011 visit to Malta wouldn’t have been complete without a ride on one of the colorful buses. Until 1973 you could tell the destination of the bus just by looking at its color—Sliema was green and white, Zabbar was red and white with a blue stripe(条纹) etc. Later, the buses all had numbers. For a while, they were all painted green and white before the “final” orange, yellow and white.
In their prime,_walking around the Triton fountain at the Valletta bus station, you would have found it very difficult to see two buses of exactly the same design. Most of them had locally built bodies. On the front of the buses carried names like Dodge, Leyland, Bedford ect. You were equally likely to find football pennants(锦旗) and the like decorating the cabs. Real bus experts would have recognized that these were there mainly for decorative reasons, and were seldom an accurate reflection of the vehicle’s origins.
Nowadays much more modern buses are to be found at the Floriana bus station. They are more environmentally friendly and possibly even more comfortable than the older types. However, I miss the old buses. I remember, when you boarded your bus, you had to prepare the correct change to pay the usually bad­tempered driver as you got on. If you were seated anywhere near the front, you would have noticed that most drivers sat well to the right of their steering wheel. The reason for this, as any Maltese would tell you, was to leave space for their pet to sit alongside them. I wonder where the pet sits these days.
【解题导语】　2011年马耳他老式交通工具被现代的交通工具取代，老式公交车正式成为过去。
1．What makes a pre­2011 visit to Malta special according to paragraph 2?
A．Traveling in colorful buses.
B．Using buses with stripes.
C．Painting buses bright colors.
D．Telling destinations by different colors.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“A pre­2011 visit to Malta wouldn’t have been complete without a ride on one of the colorful buses.”可推知，2011年以前，五彩缤纷的公交车是马耳他的一大特色。故选A。
2．Which of the following best explains “prime” underlined in paragraph 3?
A．Painful time.　　　　 B．Exciting time.
C．Moment of fantasy. D．Moment of glory.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要讲述了老式公交车的盛行时期，因此画线词意为“在盛行时期”。故选D。
3．What can we learn about Malta buses when they were popular?
A．They were of the same pattern.
B．The decorations reflected their origins.
C．Most were uniquely designed.
D．Only football pennants decorated the cabs.
C　解析：推理判断题。本文第三段讲述了老式公交车的盛行时期。根据该段第一句中的“you would have found it very difficult to see two buses of exactly the same design”可推知，大部分老式公交车的样式都是独一无二的。故选C。
4．How would the author feel about the old style Malta buses?
A．Comfortable. B．Environment­friendly.
C．Safe. D．Memorable.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是“However, I miss the old buses.”可知，作者非常怀念马耳他老式公交车。故选D。
七选五
(2020·郑州一中摸底) Teenagers are especially likely to suffer loneliness. Here are some suggestions for speeding a recovery from loneliness.
Reach out to others, but start small. A smile and a friendly greeting for the student behind you in line at the cafeteria won’t make you best friends. 1.________ It also can make it easier to interact the next time.
Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just don’t belong, try joining a special interest group. Maybe it’s the drama club or the marching band. 2.________
Find other ways of making connections. Lonely people hunger for acceptance and friendship. Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others. 3.________ Teach a child reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate. You might be surprised at the connections you make after reaching out to others in these ways.
4．________ Loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends. That’s why it’s important to know how to select a friend. The best friendships are those based on similar values and attitudes.
You get what you expect, so expect the best. If you expect others to be friendly, you will behave in similar ways.
5．________ It goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.
A．But it will make you both feel pretty good.
B．So consider becoming a volunteer.
C．Some teens aren’t so adaptable, however.
D．Encourage people to be friendlier to you.
E．Choose the right people.
F．For most young people, loneliness is only temporary.
G．Look for a group that allows you to ease gradually.
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了应对孤独的一些建议。
1．A　解析：根据语境可知，空前一句和空后的“It also can make it easier to interact the next time.”存在逻辑上的转折关系，所以A项“但是它将使你们都感到很好”符合语境。
2．G　解析：根据上文“Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just don’t belong, try joining a special interest group.”可推知，作者建议找一个让自己觉得舒服的团体，所以选G项。
3．B　解析：根据上文“Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others.”可知，帮助他人会让孤独者更易被接纳和喜欢。故B项“因此考虑做一名志愿者”衔接下文“Teach a child reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate.”。
4．E　解析：根据下文“Loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends. That’s why it’s important to know how to select a friend.”可推知，选对朋友对孤独者尤其重要，他们缺的不是特定数量的朋友，而是高质量的友谊，所以选E项。
5．F　解析：由空后的“It goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.”可推知，青少年的孤独是暂时的，随着他们学会如何通过社会阅历找到自己的道路和与他人建立关系，孤独就会不复存在，所以选F项。
短文改错
(2020·长沙统一模拟)Welcome to the Great Wall. Measured more than 6，000 kilometers in length, the Great Wall is known as the long wall in the world. It has a long history of more than 2，000 years. That is amazing about the Great Wall is that it is main made of stones and bricks, and all the construction was done by hand. Though it was used to protect the country from foreign invaders, every few hundred meters along with the Great Wall, there was a watchtower. Now, as symbol of China, the Great Wall will become one of the most famous tourist attractions in the world. It is no wonderful that the Great Wall attract hundreds of thousands of foreign tourists every year.
答案：
Welcome to the Great Wall. more than 6，000 kilometers in length, the Great Wall is known as the wall in the world. It has a long history of more than 2，000 years. is amazing about the Great Wall is that it is made of stones and bricks, and all the construction was done by hand. it was used to protect the country from foreign invaders, every few hundred meters along the Great Wall, there was a watchtower. Now, as symbol of China, the Great Wall become one of the most famous tourist attractions in the world. It is no that the Great Wall hundreds of thousands of foreign tourists every year.
书面表达
(2020· 洛阳、许昌第一次质检)假定你是李华，外国交换生Tony想参加你校的社团以学习中国文化。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．校社团情况介绍；
2．活动的时间、地点；
3．报名方法。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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One possible version：
Dear Tony，
I’m glad to learn that you’re interested in our school clubs. Here are the brief introductions. There are four clubs with the themes of Chinese culture for lovers of kung fu, cooking, paintings and handwriting in our school. Each club provides regular training courses. The clubs can not only enrich your knowledge of Chinese traditional culture, but also make your school life colorful and interesting. The activities start at 3：00 p．m. and last 1.5 hours every Friday in Teaching Building 1.If you are interested in any club above, just sign up on our school website before 18th, October. Welcome to join us.
Yours，
Li Hua