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[学生用书P218]
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．abstract adj. 抽象的
n. 摘要，概要
2．acute adj. 锐角的；强烈的；(疾病)急性的；灵敏的；敏锐的
3．consensus n. 共识，一致的意见
4．helicopter n. 直升机
5. shadow n. 阴影，影子；阴暗处
6．pond n. 池塘
7．dormitory n. 集体宿舍
8．souvenir n. 纪念物，纪念品
9．dip vt.& vi. 浸，蘸
10．wrinkle vt.& vi. (使)起皱纹
n. 皱纹，皱褶，皱痕
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．output n. 产量，输出量；输出
2．medium n. (艺术创作的)材料，形式；媒介，传媒
adj. 中等的
3．reward n. 回报，报酬，奖励
vt. 奖励，给以报酬
4．passerby n. 路人，过路的人
5．scenery n. 风景，景色，风光
6．scholarship n. 奖学金
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．architecture n．建筑；建筑学→architect n．建筑师；设计师
2．calculate vt.& vi.计算；推测→calculation n．计算；预测
3．commit vt.& vi.全心全意投入；犯罪，犯错；承诺，保证→committed adj.坚定的，忠诚的→commitment n．承诺，许诺，保证，任务
4．agent n．代理人，经纪人→agency n．代理机构
5．accommodation n．住处；住宿，膳宿；和解，调解→accommodate vt.为……提供住宿
6．changeable adj.多变的，易变的→ change vt.改变 n．变化
7．admission n．(机构、组织等的)准许加入，进入权；承认；入场费→admit vt.承认，准许进入，允许加入
8．disgusting adj.令人不快的，令人厌恶的，令人愤慨的→disgust vt.使厌恶→disgusted adj.厌恶的
1.迷人的“景色”
①scenery 自然风景
②scene 场面；景色
③view 景色
④sight 景象；视野
⑤landscape 风景；风景画
⑥outlook 景色
2.攻克后缀“ship”常用词
①friendship 友谊
②scholarship 奖学金
③leadership 领导地位
④relationship 关系
⑤hardship 苦难
⑥workmanship 手艺；工艺
3.异样的“心情”
①disgusted 厌恶的
②frightened 害怕的
③terrified 感到恐惧的
④embarrassed 尴尬的
⑤touched 感动的
⑥disappointed 失望的
⑦astonished 惊讶的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．upwards_of 在……以上，大于，超过
2．be_off_to 动身去……
3．cut_up 切碎；切割开
4．lay_out 布置，设计；铺开，展开
5．cut_sth.out_(of_sth.) 剪出，剪下
6．have_a_go_(at) 试一试
7．put_on 上演；穿上
8．experiment_with... 用……做实验
9．range_from_...to_... 从……到……(变化)
10．in_addition 而且，另外
11．so_far 到目前为止
12．be_eager_to_do_sth. 渴望做某事
13．instead_of 代替；而不是
14．make_a_reservation 预定
15．find_out 找到，发现；查明，弄清
16．be_made_out_of 由……制成，用……制成
17．be_typical_of 是……特有的；是典型的……
18．build_up 增强；积累，增多
19．come_on_the_market 上市，投入市场
20．act_as 担任，充当
1.“have”相关常用短语
①have a go (at) 试一试
②have trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.
做某事有困难
③have sth. in common with...
与……有共同之处
④have a word with sb. 与某人谈一谈
⑤have words with sb. 和某人吵架
⑥have a good command of 掌握；精通
2.“v.＋with”短语速记
①experiment with用……做试/
实验
②meet with 遇见，碰上
③agree with 同意
④associate with 与……交往
⑤deal/do with 处理；对付
⑥compete with 与……竞争
⑦live with 与……一起生活
3.“make＋a＋n.”短语荟萃
①make a reservation 预定
②make a difference有影响，有区别
③make a contribution 做贡献
④make a mistake 犯错误
⑤make a noise 发出噪音
⑥make a decision 作出决定
⑦make a living 谋生
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：hardly...when...
一……就……
Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
第二天早上，我们刚离开宿舍，就意识到我们把地图忘在房间里了。
句型2：虚拟条件句的倒装省略
Had_you_come with us，I guarantee you would have enjoyed Europe too.
如果你们和我们一起来了，我保证你们也会在欧洲玩得开心。
句型3：现在分词短语作结果状语
After his graduation，this project was exhibited in art galleries all over China，making_him_famous_nationwide．
他毕业后，该项目在中国各地的美术馆中展出，这使他闻名全国。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．Its beautiful scenery(景色) and pleasant climate make Beidaihe a worldfamous summer resort.
2．Sooner or later you will be rewarded(奖赏) for your positive attitude towards your work.
3．During a solar eclipse(日食), the moon casts a shadow(影子) onto Earth.
4．Manual workers need a good breakfast for highenergy output(输出量)．
5．We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract(抽象的)．
6．My mind was set at ease at last after receiving the admission (admit) notice.
7．The weather is very changeable(change) at this time of year, which makes me bored.
8．Just contact a travel agency(agent), and they will do all the necessary things for you.
9．The government will provide temporary accommodation (accommodate) for up to three thousand homeless people.
10．I majored in architecture(architect), and then I took some courses in marketing.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．A new dorm was built to accommodate the freshmen；that is, the freshmen will be offered accommodation．(accommodate)
2．What the factory did disgusted people living here. The smell it let off was disgusting and I was disgusted at it.(disgust)
3．It is obvious that we can’t change the changeable weather. We have to adjust to it.(change)
4．Tom applied for admission to the graduate program at Northwestern University but wasn’t admitted into it at last.(admit)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
have a go at; be off to; upwards of; cut down; lay out
A boss 1.laid_out a building for a medical factory at the foot of the mountain. 2.Upwards_of 1，000 trees in the forest have been 3.cut_down. Local deer’s home has been destroyed. They will 4.be_off_to look for a new settlement. They are 5.having_a_go_at climbing over the mountain. Luckily, the local government has realized this and is doing something to stop it.
in addition; find out; (be) made out of; be typical of
It 6.is_typical_of him to 7.find_out the truth no matter how hard it is. For example, he once tried his best to test whether the box 8.made_out_of plastic is nontoxic(无毒的). 9.In_addition,_he also spreads scientific knowledge to people.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．屠呦呦一上台，观众们就发出雷鸣般的掌声。
Hardly_had Tu Youyou stepped_on_the_stage_when the audience broke into thunderous applause.
2．要是他赶上早班火车的话，就不会开会迟到了。
Had_he_caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
3．他每晚回来得很晚，这使他的妻子很生气。
He comes home late every evening, making_his_wife_very_angry．
[学生用书P220]
commit vt.& vi.全心全意投入；犯罪，犯错；承诺，保证
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The teacher is committed to protecting (protect) the interests of students.
②She doesn’t want to make a big emotional commitment(commit) to Steve at the moment.
③I would advise people to think very carefully about committing(commit) themselves to working on Sundays.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④一个有头脑的学生必须专心致志于自学。
A thinking student must commit_himself_to_learning by himself.
⑤你不用在电话里承诺什么。
You don’t have to commit_to_anything over the phone.
(1)commit an error/a crime/suicide
做错事/犯罪/自杀
commit oneself/sb.to (doing) sth.
承诺(做)某事
be committed to (doing) sth.
致力于(做)某事
(2)commitment n. 承诺；奉献
make a commitment to do sth.
承诺做某事
[佳句背诵] He made a commitment to pay the rent on time. 他保证按时付房租。
reward n．酬谢；赏金；奖励 v．奖励，报答，酬谢
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·天津卷)The gold medal will_be_awarded (award) to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
②a.(北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
b．He was rewarded for helping the injured to hospital and he was_awarded(award) a medal at the conference.
③(安徽卷)When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding(reward)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
我送给他一本从上海带来的书来答谢他的帮助。
④I gave him a book bought from Shanghai in_reward_for_his_help．(reward n．)
⑤As_a_reward_for_his_help,_I gave him a book which was bought from Shanghai.(reward n．)
⑥I_rewarded_him_with_a_book which I bought from Shanghai for his help.(reward v．)
(1)reward sb. for (doing) sth.
为(做)某事报答/奖赏某人
reward sb. with... 用……报答/回报某人
(2)as a reward for... 作为对……的回报
in reward for... 为了酬谢或报答……
(3)rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的
[佳句背诵] After being awarded the first prize, he expressed that he would continue to reward the people and the society with his hard work.
在被授予一等奖后，他表示他将继续努力工作以回报人民和社会。
[名师点津] reward表示“奖赏，酬谢”，指对有功绩的事的报答或酬谢。award作名词时，指正式或官方颁发或授予的奖章、奖金等；作动词时指正式地或官方地颁发、授予、给予，常用搭配：award sb. sth.＝ award sth. to sb.。
accommodation n．住处；住宿，膳宿；和解，调解
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He will accommodate me with the use of his house while he is abroad.
②Wherever he goes, he quickly accommodates himself to the changed conditions.
③Hotel accommodation(accommodate) is included in the price of your holiday.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④建于2018年的那座旅馆能容纳多达500位客人。
The hotel, which was built in 2018, is able to accommodate_up_to_500_guests．
(1)make/provide accommodations for
为……提供食宿
(2)accommodate vt. 供应，供给；使适应；
向……提供；容纳
accommodate to sth. 顺应/适应(新情况)
accommodate sb.to sth. 使某人适应某事
accommodate sb.with sth. 为某人提供某物
accommodate oneself to... 使某人自己适应于……
[佳句背诵] After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide accommodations for the homeless families. 地震之后，当地政府首先要做的事情是给无家可归的家庭提供食宿。
disgusting adj.令人不快的，令人厌恶的，令人愤慨的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①To her great disgust，some young people behave badly in public.
②I am disgusted(disgust) with his way of speaking.
③It is disgusting(disgust) that he always shows off his wealth.
④There was a disgusted expression on the child’s face when he saw the disgusting scene.(disgust)
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤我一做完那件事就对自己感到十分厌恶。
Immediately I’ve done it I feel completely disgusted_with_myself．
(1)disgust vt. 使生气；使恶心
(2)disgust n. [U]厌恶，反感；愤慨
to one’s disgust 使某人气愤/反感的是
in disgust 厌恶地，气愤地
(3)disgusted adj. 厌恶的；憎恶的
be disgusted at/by/with 对……感到反感/厌恶
[名师点津] disgusting与disgusted都可用作形容词，但disgusting 意为“令人厌恶的”，常用来修饰物；disgusted意为“感到厌恶的”，常用来修饰人。
cut up 切碎；使伤心，难过
[基础练习]——用cut的相关短语填空
①She was really cut_up when all her friends refused to help her.
②When you give a speech, you’d better cut_out unimportant details.
③I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were cut_off．
④Every one of us can make a great effort to cut_down the use of energy in our country.
⑤She kept cutting_in on our conversation, which made us very angry.
cut in 插嘴；打断(谈话)
cut down 砍倒；削减
cut out 删掉；剪除
cut away 砍掉，切掉
cut off 切掉；使……与外界隔绝；中断
[佳句背诵] My mother was cutting up the meat for making dumplings when I got home.
当我到家时我的妈妈正在切肉包水饺。
lay out 布置，设计；铺开，展开；花(钱)
[一词多义]——写出下列句中lay out的含义
①She laid out all her new clothes on the bed.展开，铺开
②We spent the whole morning laying out pictures for the magazine.设计
③The gardens were laid out with lawns, flower beds and fountains.布置
[基础练习]——用lay的相关短语填空
④To their relief，the drug dealers have offered to lay_down their arms.
⑤Let’s lay_aside our differences and try to reach a compromise.
lay sb.off 裁员，解雇某人
lay sth.aside 把……放在一边；储存
lay down 放下；中断(工作)；制定(条例或原则)
[佳句背诵] ①She is always hard up because she doesn’t lay out her money wisely.
她总是很拮据，因为她没有合理规划钱。
②The international company decided to lay off its redundant staff in all its departments.
那家跨国公司决定精减所有部门的闲员。
hardly...when...一……就……
(教材P41)Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
第二天早上，我们刚离开宿舍，就意识到我们把地图忘在房间里了。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①We were_discussing(discuss) the problem when there was a power failure.
②They had just covered three miles when they realized they had left their IDs at home.
③She opened her eyes with a start and was about to_cry (cry) out when she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.
[能力提升]——句型转换
④He had hardly collected the papers on his desk when the door burst open.
→Hardly_had_he_collected the papers on his desk when the door burst open.(倒装)
(1)hardly...when...意为“一……就……”，主句常用过去完成时，when引导的从句常用一般过去时。当hardly位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
(2)no sooner...than...和scarcely...when...也表示“一……就……”，与hardly...when...用法相同。
①be about to do...when.../be on the point of doing...when...正要做某事，这时突然……
②be doing sth.when...
正在做某事，这时突然……
③had just done...when...
刚做了某事，这时突然……
现在分词短语作结果状语
(教材P43)After his graduation，this project was exhibited in art galleries all over China, making him famous nationwide.
他毕业后，该项目在中国各地的美术馆中展出，这使他闻名全国。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The news shocked the public，leading(lead)to great concern about students’ safety at school.
②They reached the company out of breath, only to_be_told(tell) they were fired.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)First of all, I speak English fluently. It allows me to communicate with visitors without delay.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
(高级表达)First of all, I speak English fluently, allowing_me_to_communicate_with_visitors_without_delay．(现在分词短语作状语)
making him famous nationwide为现在分词短语作结果状语。
(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果。
(2)不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
[佳句背诵] The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing more patients to be treated.
医院最近获得了新的医疗设备，使更多的病人得到救治。(2017·天津卷)
[学生用书P223]
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．Committed to providing (provide) better services，the company will offer netizens all the information they need.
2．Each student dipped(dip) a finger into the mixture, sucked it and made a face.
3．He has_been_rewarded (reward) for his hard work over those five years—more than 10，000 yuan a month.
4．John was_studying(study) in his room when he heard screaming.
5．He lifted a rock, only to_drop (drop) it on his own feet.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．Hardly had we sat down at the table when the phone rang.
2．He employed a foreigner to act as his bodyguard.
3．While delicious，they tend to be expensive so you can have a go at making your own.
4．It was calculated that about 2，000 students had visited the old temple.
5．We are off to a new city for a holiday next month.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2019·天津卷)However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones，to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.承诺
2．I cast my own shadow upon my path because I have a lamp that has not been lighted.影子
3．To make the soup, you should first cut up some carrots and beef into small pieces and then put them into the pot.切碎
4．A number of trees have been cut down to make way for the highway in recent years, which makes us very upset.砍倒
维度四 易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．Once the project is completed, they are off the next opportunity.在off后加to
2．Hardly had he finished his talk than he was surrounded by the excited workers.than→when
3．It is important that our plan should be well laid off before we begin to work.off→out
4．He cut off the electricity quickly, prevented an accident.prevented→preventing
5．Teaching is not very financially reward.reward→rewarding
6．I have committed myself to sit on two committees.sit→sitting
7．We wouldn’t have got into trouble if had we followed his advice.删除if
8．The kitchen was in a disgusted state when she left.disgusted→disgusting
维度五 完成句子
1．只有生病了才知道健康的可贵。
Only when one falls ill does_one_know_the_value_of_health．
2．9月台风杜鹃袭击了浙江省，造成严重的水灾。
Typhoon Dujuan hit Zhejiang Province in September，causing_serious_flooding．
3．众所周知， 你如果不进行有规律地锻炼， 身体就不会健康。
It is known to all that unless_you_exercise_regularly,_you won’t keep fit.
4．建筑师承诺她会在一个月之内完成设计。
The architect has committed_herself_to_finishing the design within a month.
5．(湖北卷)我去书店的路上， 在一个十字路口等绿灯， 这时一个大约十岁的女孩被一辆驶过的车撞倒了，(然后)这辆车迅速开走了。
I was on my way to the bookstore and was_waiting_for_the_green_light_at_a_crossing_when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
It is a consensus that he was a famous painter, 1.whose birthplace was Spain. He was expert in abstract still life and oil painting. When he was young, he showed great interest 2.in painting and was 3.committed(commit) to this art. When he was 15 years old, he was off to learn from a famous artist. When he was 19, he gained an 4.admission(admit) to an art university and he also got scholarship. It is 5.calculated(calculate) that it was his changeable painting style 6.that made him upwards of his teacher. He acutely observed the scenery and things around him, such as trees and shadows, beings in the pond and the starry sky. He thought that his efforts were 7.rewarding(reward). His works 8.are_displayed(display) in a famous gallery at present. Meanwhile, he also enjoyed his life. In 9.his(he) spare time, he acted as a chef. He often laid out a piece of cloth on the table and cut up some meat on it 10.to_cook(cook) a good meal.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①上周我和儿子到北京参观了一个画展。
Last week I was_off_to_a_gallery in Beijing with my son.
②里面有很多抽象派油画在展出，时间跨度从13世纪到20世纪。
There were many abstract paintings on show，ranging_from the 13th century to the 20th century.
③有些油画单件价值数百万美元以上。
Some of the paintings are worth upwards_of millions of dollars each.
④由于免费入场，据估计当天有5 000人欣赏了那些漂亮的油画。
Because admission was free, it_was_calculated_that more than 5，000 people enjoyed the beautiful paintings that day.
⑤我儿子一看到这些油画，就承诺要学习绘画。
Hardly__had my son seen these paintings when he committed_himself_to studying painting.
⑥如果足够努力，他一定会有回报的。
Should_he make enough efforts，he would receive a reward．
2．升级平淡句
⑦用定语从句升级句②
There_were_many_abstract_paintings__on__show,__which_ranged_from_the_13th_century_to_the_20th_century.
⑧用介词短语作状语升级句④
Because_of_free_admission,_it_was_calculated_that_more_than_5，000_people_enjoyed_the_beautiful__paintings_that_day.
3．衔接成美文
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One possible version：
Last week I was off to a gallery in Beijing with my son.There were many abstract paintings on show, which ranged from the 13th century to the 20th century.Some of the paintings are worth upwards of millions of dollars each.Because of free admission, it was calculated that more than 5，000 people enjoyed the beautiful paintings that day.Hardly had my son seen these paintings when he committed himself to studying painting.Should he make enough efforts, he would receive a reward.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
[学生用书P399(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·黄山高三模拟)In Mark Turin’s article“Protecting Our Public Spaces” in issue 14, he claims that “all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces”. I would like to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art form that can benefit our public spaces just as much as sculptures, fountains, or other more accepted art forms.
People who object to graffiti usually do so more because of where it is, not what it is. They argue that posting graffiti in public places is considered an illegal act of property damage. But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.
I would argue that graffiti is the most important public art form. Spray paint is a medium unlike any other. Through graffiti, the entire world has become a canvas(画布). These works of art dotting the urban landscape are available, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.
To be clear, I do not consider random words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art. Plenty of graffiti is just vandalism, pure and simple. However, there is also graffiti that is breathtaking in its complex detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes great talent to create such involved designs with spray paint. Are these creators not artists just because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush?
To declare that all graffiti is vandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement. Furthermore, graffiti is not going anywhere, so we might as well find a way to live with it and enjoy its benefits. One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists. By doing this, the public might feel like part owners of these works of art, rather than just the victims of a crime.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过论述涂鸦与公共空间的关系，进而探讨涂鸦是否为艺术。作者认为判断其是否为艺术应该根据涂鸦的质量而非存在的地方。
1．Mark Turin apparently believes that graffiti ________．
A．is not an art form
B．is too simple to be considered art
C．can only sometimes be considered a work of art
D．should be restricted to places where it is allowed
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“In Mark Turin’s article ‘Protecting Our Public Spaces’ in issue 14, he claims that ‘all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces’．”可知，Mark Turin显然认为涂鸦不是一种艺术形式。
2．The author argues that graffiti ________．
A．is the only art form that is free
B．is best viewed on public walls rather than canvases
C．provides more public benefits than sculptures do
D．should be judged on artistic qualities rather than places
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是第二段最后一句“But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.”可知，作者认为评价涂鸦应该根据其艺术品质而不是其所在地点。
3．The author concludes his passage by ________．
A．restating his position
B．questioning the magazine
C．offering an answer to the matter
D．identifying the benefits of graffiti
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists.”可推知，作者是通过提供一个解决办法来结束文章的。
B
(2020·济南模拟)We humans love to stare into our smart devices. We gaze for hours—about 10 hours and 39 minutes a day—at our computers, smartphones, tablets and televisions. Is all this staring bad for us? It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.
Blue light is a type of electromagnetic(电磁的) radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. While it’s true that light can damage our eyes under certain circumstances, there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why bluelightblocking glasses are so popular. So do the glasses work?
“Everyone is very concerned that blue light may be causing damage to the eye, but there’s no evidence that it may be causing serious damage，” Dr. Rahul Khurana, clinical spokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmology, told Business Insider.
Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light. But if blue light isn’t harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when we’re looking at our screens? The answer is eyestrain (眼疲劳): More than 60 percent of people experience eye problems associated with digital eyestrain. And blue light, it seems, isn’t the cause. Instead, our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices. So if eyestrain is the issue, bluelightblocking glasses are probably of little use.
【解题导语】 该文主要探讨了蓝光是否对我们的眼睛有害的问题。
4．What do we know about blue light?
A．It is a kind of nuclear radiation.
B．It has the shortest wavelength.
C．It may come from electronic devices.
D．It consumes a great deal of energy.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.”可推知，电子设备会发出蓝光。
5．What causes the popularity of bluelightblocking glasses?
A．Evidence of their benefits to eyes.
B．Belief in blue light’s harmful effect.
C．Widespread use of smart devices.
D．Scientific understanding of blue light.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why bluelightblocking glasses are so popular.”可知，防蓝光眼镜流行的原因是人们认为蓝光会对眼睛有害。
6．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Blue light exposure is hardly avoidable.
B．Eye problems are not easy to deal with.
C．Blue light may connect with tired eyes.
D．Rubbing eyes makes people strained.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的前三句“Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light.”可知，阳光是蓝光最大的来源，而且蓝光也存在于LED灯中。由此可推知，接触蓝光几乎是不可避免的。
7．According to the text, wearing bluelightblocking glasses may be ________．
A．tiring B．harmful
C．useless D．beneficial
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“So if eyestrain is the issue, bluelightblocking glasses are probably of little use.”可知，戴防蓝光眼镜可能是没有用处的。
完形填空
(2020·长沙统一模拟)Steve was a seventh grader, a big boy, looking more like a teenager than a 12yearold. Yet, he went unnoticed—he had been __1__ every examination since first grade—until Miss Wilma appeared.
In the middle of the first semester of school, the entire seventh grade was __2__for basic skills.
“You all did pretty well，” Miss Wilma told the class after going over the__3__， “except for one boy. And it __4__ my heart to tell you this, but...” she __5__， “the smartest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class.” Steve __6__ his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips.
After that, Steve still wouldn’t do his homework. Even if Miss Wilma __7__ punished him, he remained __8__．
“Steve, please! I care about you！”
__9__， Steve got it！“Someone CARES ABOUT ME？！”
One Monday a couple of weeks later, Miss Wilma gave a __10__ on the weekend homework. Steve __11__ through the test and was the first to hand in his paper. With a look of __12__， Miss Wilma took his paper and began to look it over.
Miss Wilma’s face was in a __13__ shock! She glanced up at Steve, then __14__， then up. The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first test!
From that moment, nothing was the same for Steve. He discovered that not only could he remember and understand __15__， but he could translate what he learned into his life. He became __16__．
After high school, Steve enlisted in the Navy, and he had a(n) __17__ military career. During his naval years, he inspired many young people who might not have __18__ themselves without him.
A __19__ took place within the heart of a boy all because of one teacher, who __20__．
【解题导语】 Steve曾经每次考试都不及格，但是Miss Wilma看到成绩的时候，却说他是班里最聪明的学生，并且告诉他老师非常关心他。Steve感受到老师对自己的良苦用心，从此刻苦学习，改变了自己的命运。老师对他的影响促使他用同样的方法去影响并且帮助更多的人。
1．A.missing B．failing
C．passing D．skipping
B 解析：根据下文可知，Steve学习成绩很差。故可推知，他自一年级以来成绩就不及格，故选B。下文中的“failing”也是提示。
2．A.tested B．classified
C．separated D．dismissed
A 解析：根据语境及下文内容可知，此处是说第一学期期中七年级全部学生进行基本技能测试。test“测试”符合语境。
3．A.questions B．effects
C．lessons D．results
D 解析：根据上文可知，七年级全部学生进行了基本技能测试，故此处应是指查看测试成绩(results)。
4．A.fills B．presses
C．breaks D．destroys
C 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示告诉Steve他考试没及格使Miss Wilma心碎。break “使心碎”。
5．A.shouted B．hesitated
C．interrupted D．laughed
B 解析：根据语境可知，Miss Wilma的语意有所转折，故此处表示她犹豫(hesitated)了一下继续说道。
6．A.dropped B．raised
C．covered D．closed
A 解析：根据语境可知，Steve此次测试未及格，所以当Miss Wilma提到Steve的时候，Steve双目低垂，认真检查自己的指尖。drop one’s eyes“垂下眼睛”。
7．A.strangely B．steadily
C．severely D．secretly
C 解析：根据上文“After that, Steve still wouldn’t do his homework.”并结合语境可推知，虽然Miss Wilma严厉地(severely)惩罚了Steve，但他仍然很固执(stubborn)。
8．A.helpless B．stubborn
C．flexible D．crazy
B 解析：参见上题解析。
9．A.Commonly B．Unwillingly
C．Particularly D．Suddenly
D 解析：根据语境可知，Steve突然顿悟，有人关心着自己。suddenly“突然”符合语境。
10．A.quiz B．chance
C．speech D．presentation
A 解析：根据下文“Steve ______ through the test and was the first to hand in his paper.”可知，该处表示Miss Wilma组织了一场小测试(quiz)。
11．A.slept B．looked
C．lived D．hurried
D 解析：根据该句中的“was the first to hand in his paper”可推知，Steve很快就完成了测试。hurry“急忙(做某事)”符合语境。
12．A.disappointment B．surprise
C．satisfaction D．inspiration
B 解析：根据下文“Miss Wilma’s face was in a ______ shock！”可知，Miss Wilma对Steve的表现非常惊讶(surprise)。disappointment“失望”；satisfaction“满意”；inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”。
13．A.bitter B．total
C．precious D．ridiculous
B 解析：根据语境可知，Miss Wilma深感震惊。a total shock“深感震惊”为固定搭配。
14．A.down B．away
C．out D．back
A 解析：根据该句“She glanced up at Steve, then ______， then up.”可知，Miss Wilma深感震惊，上下打量Steve。down“向下”符合语境。
15．A.homework B．grades
C．knowledge D．subjects
C 解析：根据语境以及空后的“but he could translate what he learned into his life”可知，Steve不但记住并理解了知识，而且可以把所学知识(knowledge)应用到生活中。
16．A.outstanding B．lazy
C．rough D．troublesome
A 解析：根据上文内容可知，Steve不但记住并理解了知识，而且可以把所学知识应用到生活中。由此可推知，他变得很优秀(outstanding)。
17．A.tiring B．ordinary
C．hardworking D．successful
D 解析：根据上文并结合语境可推知，毕业后，Steve参加了海军，而且在军队中很成功。tiring“令人困倦的”；ordinary“普通的”；hardworking“努力的”。
18．A.relied on B．looked after
C．turned to D．believed in
D 解析：根据语境可知，Steve在海军服役期间鼓舞了许多年轻人，如果没有他，这些年轻人可能不会相信(believed in)自己。
19．A.competition B．choice
C．change D．campaign
C 解析：根据上文可知，Steve在Miss Wilma的关心(cared)下，发生了改变(change)。
20．A.waited B．listened
C．wished D．cared
D 解析：参见上题解析。与上文中的“I care about you！”呼应。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
[学生用书P401(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·安徽重点中学模拟)One of the easiest ways to stop the spread of disease is to simply wash your hands. Twenty seconds of handwashing with soap and water can reduce illnesses and save lives. But, many people, especially children, do not have good handwashing habits. One problem is that children do not wash their hands often enough or long enough. Children may think that it is a tiresome thing to do.
To help handle this problem, two businesswomen from India created a product to turn handwashing into a fun activity. Amanat Anand and Shubham Issar created a tool called SoaPen, aimed at teaching kids good handwashing habits and encouraging kids to wash their hands with soap appropriately and regularly.
“It’s such a simple habit to do, but the fact is that people aren’t doing it, and it’s resulting in actual deaths—which is shocking. So, we decided to come up with a fun method，” said Issar.
As the name suggests, SoaPen is a pen made out of soap. The children draw on their hands with the soap pen and then wash the drawing off. If they don’t spend enough time washing it off, the colors remain on the children’s hands. Issar said it makes sure that children take enough time to wash their hands. This may be especially helpful in a classroom. Often a teacher does not have the time to make each child wash his hands properly.
Kids actually wash their hands for the proper amount of time because they’re drawing on their hands. To obliterate the drawing, they actually wash their hands instead of just going under water and, you know, a onesecond wash and off.
Good news is that the school children in Mumbai, India, will soon most likely wash their hands after handling a pet. Issar and Anand stated that SoaPen to be created everywhere will help promote good habits through handwashing in the city across the globe.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SoaPen。SoaPen是一款画笔样式的液态洗手产品，孩子们可用它在手上涂抹然后洗手，如果他们没有花足够的时间洗手，颜色会留在他们的手上，这会让洗手充满乐趣。
1．Why does SoaPen come into existence?
A．To cure kids of some kinds of diseases.
B．To teach kids the importance of soap.
C．To help kids wash their hands correctly.
D．To make money from children consumers.
C 解析：细节理解题。依据第一段中的“One problem is that children do not wash their hands often enough or long enough.”可知，问题是孩子们洗手的频率不够或洗手的时间不够长；再联系第二段中的“aimed at teaching kids good handwashing habits and encouraging kids to wash their hands with soap appropriately and regularly”可知，发明SoaPen的目的在于让孩子们养成良好的洗手习惯，由此可知选项C正确。
2．Which of the following does Issar agree with?
A．Handwashing is anything but little.
B．SoaPen is designed for classrooms.
C．Some teachers ignore kids’ health in school.
D．Kids don’t know the right way of handwashing.
A 解析：细节理解题。依据第三段Issar的话“It’s such a simple habit to do, but the fact is that people aren’t doing it, and it’s resulting in actual deaths”可知，有些人因为没有养成良好的洗手习惯而死亡，由此可知，洗手习惯对我们的健康是至关重要的，故选A项。
3．What does the underlined word “obliterate” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Show. B．Reserve.
C．Learn. D．Remove.
D 解析：词义猜测题。依据该段的“Kids actually wash their hands for the proper amount of time because they’re drawing on their hands.”可知，孩子们需要用足够的时间去洗手才能洗掉SoaPen的图案，由画线词后的内容可知，为了消除SoaPen留在手上的痕迹，孩子们不再只是匆匆洗手了。由此可知，画线词与remove意思相近，故选D项。
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．SoaPen has become popular worldwide.
B．The inventors think SoaPen has a bright future.
C．SoaPen has been applied in Mumbai schools.
D．Kids’ health should be paid more attention to.
B 解析：推理判断题。依据该段的“Issar and Anand stated that SoaPen to be created everywhere will help...across the globe.”可知，发明者表示SoaPen将在世界各地生产，这也会促进在全球推广好的洗手习惯，她们对SoaPen的未来有信心，由此可知选项B正确。
B
(2020·东北三省四市二模)You can’t see your sleeping pet’s brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when your cat might be dreaming. If you watch closely, you’ll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, called slowwave sleep. After about 15 minutes you’ll notice a change in her breathing. Her eyes move under her closed lids, her paws twitch(抽动) and she flicks(轻拂) an ear. She has entered dreaming. Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can’t run about. She is in a state of “sleep paralysis(麻痹)”．
Michel Jouvet, a French scientist, interrupted their sleep paralysis. Even though they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldn’t see and arched their backs at unseen enemies. He figured he was watching them act out their dreams! Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills: following, pouncing, and fighting.
In another study, Matt Wilson recorded rats’ brain waves while they learned mazes. One day, he left the brainwaverecording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!
Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills that were probably important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.
Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, how often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when lying down.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，动物和人类一样，也经常会做梦，梦的内容常常跟学习重要的技能和弄清最近学习的东西相关；体型越小的动物，做梦的频率越高。
5．What does Michel Jouvet find in his study?
A．The dreaming cats are in a state of body paralysis.
B．The dreaming cats often practise their important skills.
C．The eyes of dreaming cats move while bodies are still.
D．The legs of the dreaming cats can’t move.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills：following, pouncing, and fighting.”可知，这些做梦的猫似乎在练习重要的猫科动物技能：跟随、猛扑和打斗。据此可知，Michel Jouvet在研究中发现，睡梦中的猫经常训练重要的技能，故B项正确。
6．What can you know about dreaming from the passage?
A．Dreaming a lot can help humans learn more.
B．Learning mazes is the basic skill for cats to learn.
C．Rats often dream to work out their recent learning.
D．Fighting and escaping are not important skills for ancestors.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Many researchers now think that in both people and animals，one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning.”可知，许多研究人员现在认为，无论是人还是动物，做梦的一个目的都是练习重要的技能，并弄清最近学习的东西；据此可推知，老鼠经常通过做梦来弄清楚最近学习的东西，故C项正确。
7．Which animal may dream most frequently?
A．Rats. B．Dogs.
C．Cows. D．Elephants.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段可知，动物做梦的频率跟它们的体型大小有关，猫每15分钟做一次梦，老鼠每9分钟做一次梦，大象每2小时做一次梦。据此可知，老鼠做梦的频率最高，故A项正确。
8．How does the author develop his passage?
A．By making comparisons. B．By using figures.
C．By telling stories. D．By showing facts.
D 解析：写作手法题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can’t run about.”并结合全文其他内容可知，文中列举了大量事实来说明动物做梦的现象，从而组织文章，故D项正确。
七选五
(2020·南昌高三段考)
Public Speaking
Public speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech in front of a group of listeners.
The types of public speaking are deliberately structured with three general purposes: to inform, to persuade and to entertain the audience. An informative speech has a purpose to inform, or give knowledge to its audience. 1.________ For persuasive speech, the speaker would try to change the mindset, perception, or behavior of the audience for their own good. Thus, the speaker needs to look for common ground with the audience and try to relate to what they might agree on. The last type is a ceremonial speech. It tends to be less formal and more personal than the other types of speeches. No matter how well you know the person you are giving speech to, try not to say bad things about them, even if it is meant to be a joke.
2．________ Sparing some time to practice will help build confidence and help determine how long the presentation will last. Aside from it, knowing who the audience will be is quite necessary. Try to get as much information as possible regarding this particular area related to the audience. Knowing the “battlefield” in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage.
Language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving a speech. 3.________ A speaker needs to choose their words carefully and make it clear to the audience what they mean. Often, when given a speech, the audience look to the speaker to give them something new and useful. 4.________ Language and delivery(演讲方式) alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the body language. The movement and gesture of a speaker also affect the audience. While closing the speech or presentation, speakers can restate their main points, just to remind the audience of the important things that have been said. 5.________
A．It needs to be used clearly.
B．These speeches mark special occasions.
C．The important thing to watch about is not to put in too much information.
D．The key of perfecting anything is through practice, including public speaking.
E．They can also end it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions.
F．Knowing how public speaking is done is a key part in understanding the importance of it.
G．Thus, the speaker needs to know how to deliver their speech to fulfill the audience’s expectation.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了公共演讲的几个类型以及做好演讲所需注意的事项。
1．C 解析：从结构上看，第二段首先介绍了公共演讲的三种目的；接下来对这三种目的分别介绍了其对应的演讲类型以及注意事项，空处位于介绍informative speech这种类型之后，应是说明它的注意事项，故C项表述不要输入太多的信息符合语境。其中information是关键提示词。
2．D 解析：本空是段首句。本段讲述了公共演讲的两个注意事项。下文“Aside from it...is quite necessary.”讲的是第二个注意事项：要提前了解观众是谁。接着进一步阐述了注意事项。空后讲的是多加练习对于演讲的好处，由此可推知，空处应是第一个注意事项，并且与空后一句中的“practice”相呼应，故选D。
3．A 解析：本空是段中句。空前一句是说语言是演讲中需注意的主要方面。空处应是对其进行进一步的说明，关键词是Language，A项中的It指的就是Language，且根据空后的“make it clear to the audience”可知，A项“它(语言)需要使用得很清楚”符合语境。
4．G 解析：本空是段中句。空前讲的是观众期待演讲者能给他们新的有用的东西，故G项“因此，演讲者需要了解如何发表他们的演讲来满足观众的期待”与空前一句构成逻辑上的因果关系，故G项符合语境。
5．E 解析：本空是段尾句。空前讲的是演讲者可以重申要点，提醒观众所讲的重要事情来结束演讲，空处应是叙述另一种结束方式，故E项符合语境。
语法填空
(2020·陕西摸底检测)Recently researchers have had a finding 1.____________ singing in groups could have a positive impact on reducing 2.____________(anxious) and depression. The research is from the University of East Anglia in the U．K., in cooperation with a community singing group 3.____________(call) Sing Your Heart Out. A research team conducted the study 4.____________(examine) how singing with other people affects mental health. Researchers followed a group of people 5.____________ attended free weekly singing workshops for six months. They discovered that singing in groups was 6.____________ essential part in helping people recover from mental illness. In addition, it helped people feel 7.____________(little) stressed, enhanced their mood and increased their confidence, social skills and feeling of wellbeing. Lead researcher, Professor Tom Shakespeare, said, “We found that singing as part of a group contributes 8.____________ people’s recovery from mental health problems.” He added, “All of the 9.____________(participant) we spoke to reported positive effects as a direct result of taking part in the singing workshops. For some, it 10.____________(represent) one component of a wider program of support. For others, it stood out as the key to their maintenance of health.”
【解题导语】 研究发现，合唱可以缓解压力，减少沮丧，有利于精神健康。
1．that 解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句解释说明a finding，作其同位语，空处在句中不作句子成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。
2．anxiety 解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，本空作reducing的宾语，与depression并列，故填名词anxiety。
3．called 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词call和其逻辑主语a community singing group构成动宾关系，故填其过去分词形式called。
4．to examine 解析：考查动词不定式。此处表示一个研究小组进行该研究是为了调查与他人一起唱歌是如何影响精神健康的，表目的，故填动词不定式to examine。
5．who/that 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为people，从句中缺少主语，故填who或that。
6．an 解析：考查冠词。part在此处为可数名词，且在文中第一次提及，故用不定冠词修饰，又因essential的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
7．less 解析：考查副词的比较级。根据下文“enhanced their mood...feeling of wellbeing”可知，合唱帮助人们缓解压力，即帮助人们感受到更少的压力，故用副词的比较级less，修饰其后的形容词“stressed”。
8．to 解析：考查介词。contribute to sth.是固定搭配，意为“促成某事”，故填to。
9．participants 解析：考查名词的单复数。participant“参与者”为可数名词，根据空前的“All of the”可知，此处表示复数的概念，故填participants。
10．represented 解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语；根据后一句中的stood out及全文的基本时态为一般过去时可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填represented。
[学生用书P218]
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．abstract adj. 抽象的
n. 摘要，概要
2．acute adj. 锐角的；强烈的；(疾病)急性的；灵敏的；敏锐的
3．consensus n. 共识，一致的意见
4．helicopter n. 直升机
5. shadow n. 阴影，影子；阴暗处
6．pond n. 池塘
7．dormitory n. 集体宿舍
8．souvenir n. 纪念物，纪念品
9．dip vt.& vi. 浸，蘸
10．wrinkle vt.& vi. (使)起皱纹
n. 皱纹，皱褶，皱痕
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．output n. 产量，输出量；输出
2．medium n. (艺术创作的)材料，形式；媒介，传媒
adj. 中等的
3．reward n. 回报，报酬，奖励
vt. 奖励，给以报酬
4．passerby n. 路人，过路的人
5．scenery n. 风景，景色，风光
6．scholarship n. 奖学金
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．architecture n．建筑；建筑学→architect n．建筑师；设计师
2．calculate vt.& vi.计算；推测→calculation n．计算；预测
3．commit vt.& vi.全心全意投入；犯罪，犯错；承诺，保证→committed adj.坚定的，忠诚的→commitment n．承诺，许诺，保证，任务
4．agent n．代理人，经纪人→agency n．代理机构
5．accommodation n．住处；住宿，膳宿；和解，调解→accommodate vt.为……提供住宿
6．changeable adj.多变的，易变的→ change vt.改变 n．变化
7．admission n．(机构、组织等的)准许加入，进入权；承认；入场费→admit vt.承认，准许进入，允许加入
8．disgusting adj.令人不快的，令人厌恶的，令人愤慨的→disgust vt.使厌恶→disgusted adj.厌恶的
1.迷人的“景色”
①scenery 自然风景
②scene 场面；景色
③view 景色
④sight 景象；视野
⑤landscape 风景；风景画
⑥outlook 景色
2.攻克后缀“ship”常用词
①friendship 友谊
②scholarship 奖学金
③leadership 领导地位
④relationship 关系
⑤hardship 苦难
⑥workmanship 手艺；工艺
3.异样的“心情”
①disgusted 厌恶的
②frightened 害怕的
③terrified 感到恐惧的
④embarrassed 尴尬的
⑤touched 感动的
⑥disappointed 失望的
⑦astonished 惊讶的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．upwards_of 在……以上，大于，超过
2．be_off_to 动身去……
3．cut_up 切碎；切割开
4．lay_out 布置，设计；铺开，展开
5．cut_sth.out_(of_sth.) 剪出，剪下
6．have_a_go_(at) 试一试
7．put_on 上演；穿上
8．experiment_with... 用……做实验
9．range_from_...to_... 从……到……(变化)
10．in_addition 而且，另外
11．so_far 到目前为止
12．be_eager_to_do_sth. 渴望做某事
13．instead_of 代替；而不是
14．make_a_reservation 预定
15．find_out 找到，发现；查明，弄清
16．be_made_out_of 由……制成，用……制成
17．be_typical_of 是……特有的；是典型的……
18．build_up 增强；积累，增多
19．come_on_the_market 上市，投入市场
20．act_as 担任，充当
1.“have”相关常用短语
①have a go (at) 试一试
②have trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.
做某事有困难
③have sth. in common with...
与……有共同之处
④have a word with sb. 与某人谈一谈
⑤have words with sb. 和某人吵架
⑥have a good command of 掌握；精通
2.“v.＋with”短语速记
①experiment with用……做试/
实验
②meet with 遇见，碰上
③agree with 同意
④associate with 与……交往
⑤deal/do with 处理；对付
⑥compete with 与……竞争
⑦live with 与……一起生活
3.“make＋a＋n.”短语荟萃
①make a reservation 预定
②make a difference有影响，有区别
③make a contribution 做贡献
④make a mistake 犯错误
⑤make a noise 发出噪音
⑥make a decision 作出决定
⑦make a living 谋生
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：hardly...when...
一……就……
Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
第二天早上，我们刚离开宿舍，就意识到我们把地图忘在房间里了。
句型2：虚拟条件句的倒装省略
Had_you_come with us，I guarantee you would have enjoyed Europe too.
如果你们和我们一起来了，我保证你们也会在欧洲玩得开心。
句型3：现在分词短语作结果状语
After his graduation，this project was exhibited in art galleries all over China，making_him_famous_nationwide．
他毕业后，该项目在中国各地的美术馆中展出，这使他闻名全国。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．Its beautiful scenery(景色) and pleasant climate make Beidaihe a worldfamous summer resort.
2．Sooner or later you will be rewarded(奖赏) for your positive attitude towards your work.
3．During a solar eclipse(日食), the moon casts a shadow(影子) onto Earth.
4．Manual workers need a good breakfast for highenergy output(输出量)．
5．We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract(抽象的)．
6．My mind was set at ease at last after receiving the admission (admit) notice.
7．The weather is very changeable(change) at this time of year, which makes me bored.
8．Just contact a travel agency(agent), and they will do all the necessary things for you.
9．The government will provide temporary accommodation (accommodate) for up to three thousand homeless people.
10．I majored in architecture(architect), and then I took some courses in marketing.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．A new dorm was built to accommodate the freshmen；that is, the freshmen will be offered accommodation．(accommodate)
2．What the factory did disgusted people living here. The smell it let off was disgusting and I was disgusted at it.(disgust)
3．It is obvious that we can’t change the changeable weather. We have to adjust to it.(change)
4．Tom applied for admission to the graduate program at Northwestern University but wasn’t admitted into it at last.(admit)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
have a go at; be off to; upwards of; cut down; lay out
A boss 1.laid_out a building for a medical factory at the foot of the mountain. 2.Upwards_of 1，000 trees in the forest have been 3.cut_down. Local deer’s home has been destroyed. They will 4.be_off_to look for a new settlement. They are 5.having_a_go_at climbing over the mountain. Luckily, the local government has realized this and is doing something to stop it.
in addition; find out; (be) made out of; be typical of
It 6.is_typical_of him to 7.find_out the truth no matter how hard it is. For example, he once tried his best to test whether the box 8.made_out_of plastic is nontoxic(无毒的). 9.In_addition,_he also spreads scientific knowledge to people.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．屠呦呦一上台，观众们就发出雷鸣般的掌声。
Hardly_had Tu Youyou stepped_on_the_stage_when the audience broke into thunderous applause.
2．要是他赶上早班火车的话，就不会开会迟到了。
Had_he_caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
3．他每晚回来得很晚，这使他的妻子很生气。
He comes home late every evening, making_his_wife_very_angry．
[学生用书P220]
commit vt.& vi.全心全意投入；犯罪，犯错；承诺，保证
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The teacher is committed to protecting (protect) the interests of students.
②She doesn’t want to make a big emotional commitment(commit) to Steve at the moment.
③I would advise people to think very carefully about committing(commit) themselves to working on Sundays.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④一个有头脑的学生必须专心致志于自学。
A thinking student must commit_himself_to_learning by himself.
⑤你不用在电话里承诺什么。
You don’t have to commit_to_anything over the phone.
(1)commit an error/a crime/suicide
做错事/犯罪/自杀
commit oneself/sb.to (doing) sth.
承诺(做)某事
be committed to (doing) sth.
致力于(做)某事
(2)commitment n. 承诺；奉献
make a commitment to do sth.
承诺做某事
[佳句背诵] He made a commitment to pay the rent on time. 他保证按时付房租。
reward n．酬谢；赏金；奖励 v．奖励，报答，酬谢
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·天津卷)The gold medal will_be_awarded (award) to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
②a.(北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
b．He was rewarded for helping the injured to hospital and he was_awarded(award) a medal at the conference.
③(安徽卷)When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding(reward)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
我送给他一本从上海带来的书来答谢他的帮助。
④I gave him a book bought from Shanghai in_reward_for_his_help．(reward n．)
⑤As_a_reward_for_his_help,_I gave him a book which was bought from Shanghai.(reward n．)
⑥I_rewarded_him_with_a_book which I bought from Shanghai for his help.(reward v．)
(1)reward sb. for (doing) sth.
为(做)某事报答/奖赏某人
reward sb. with... 用……报答/回报某人
(2)as a reward for... 作为对……的回报
in reward for... 为了酬谢或报答……
(3)rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的
[佳句背诵] After being awarded the first prize, he expressed that he would continue to reward the people and the society with his hard work.
在被授予一等奖后，他表示他将继续努力工作以回报人民和社会。
[名师点津] reward表示“奖赏，酬谢”，指对有功绩的事的报答或酬谢。award作名词时，指正式或官方颁发或授予的奖章、奖金等；作动词时指正式地或官方地颁发、授予、给予，常用搭配：award sb. sth.＝ award sth. to sb.。
accommodation n．住处；住宿，膳宿；和解，调解
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He will accommodate me with the use of his house while he is abroad.
②Wherever he goes, he quickly accommodates himself to the changed conditions.
③Hotel accommodation(accommodate) is included in the price of your holiday.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④建于2018年的那座旅馆能容纳多达500位客人。
The hotel, which was built in 2018, is able to accommodate_up_to_500_guests．
(1)make/provide accommodations for
为……提供食宿
(2)accommodate vt. 供应，供给；使适应；
向……提供；容纳
accommodate to sth. 顺应/适应(新情况)
accommodate sb.to sth. 使某人适应某事
accommodate sb.with sth. 为某人提供某物
accommodate oneself to... 使某人自己适应于……
[佳句背诵] After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide accommodations for the homeless families. 地震之后，当地政府首先要做的事情是给无家可归的家庭提供食宿。
disgusting adj.令人不快的，令人厌恶的，令人愤慨的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①To her great disgust，some young people behave badly in public.
②I am disgusted(disgust) with his way of speaking.
③It is disgusting(disgust) that he always shows off his wealth.
④There was a disgusted expression on the child’s face when he saw the disgusting scene.(disgust)
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤我一做完那件事就对自己感到十分厌恶。
Immediately I’ve done it I feel completely disgusted_with_myself．
(1)disgust vt. 使生气；使恶心
(2)disgust n. [U]厌恶，反感；愤慨
to one’s disgust 使某人气愤/反感的是
in disgust 厌恶地，气愤地
(3)disgusted adj. 厌恶的；憎恶的
be disgusted at/by/with 对……感到反感/厌恶
[名师点津] disgusting与disgusted都可用作形容词，但disgusting 意为“令人厌恶的”，常用来修饰物；disgusted意为“感到厌恶的”，常用来修饰人。
cut up 切碎；使伤心，难过
[基础练习]——用cut的相关短语填空
①She was really cut_up when all her friends refused to help her.
②When you give a speech, you’d better cut_out unimportant details.
③I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were cut_off．
④Every one of us can make a great effort to cut_down the use of energy in our country.
⑤She kept cutting_in on our conversation, which made us very angry.
cut in 插嘴；打断(谈话)
cut down 砍倒；削减
cut out 删掉；剪除
cut away 砍掉，切掉
cut off 切掉；使……与外界隔绝；中断
[佳句背诵] My mother was cutting up the meat for making dumplings when I got home.
当我到家时我的妈妈正在切肉包水饺。
lay out 布置，设计；铺开，展开；花(钱)
[一词多义]——写出下列句中lay out的含义
①She laid out all her new clothes on the bed.展开，铺开
②We spent the whole morning laying out pictures for the magazine.设计
③The gardens were laid out with lawns, flower beds and fountains.布置
[基础练习]——用lay的相关短语填空
④To their relief，the drug dealers have offered to lay_down their arms.
⑤Let’s lay_aside our differences and try to reach a compromise.
lay sb.off 裁员，解雇某人
lay sth.aside 把……放在一边；储存
lay down 放下；中断(工作)；制定(条例或原则)
[佳句背诵] ①She is always hard up because she doesn’t lay out her money wisely.
她总是很拮据，因为她没有合理规划钱。
②The international company decided to lay off its redundant staff in all its departments.
那家跨国公司决定精减所有部门的闲员。
hardly...when...一……就……
(教材P41)Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
第二天早上，我们刚离开宿舍，就意识到我们把地图忘在房间里了。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①We were_discussing(discuss) the problem when there was a power failure.
②They had just covered three miles when they realized they had left their IDs at home.
③She opened her eyes with a start and was about to_cry (cry) out when she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.
[能力提升]——句型转换
④He had hardly collected the papers on his desk when the door burst open.
→Hardly_had_he_collected the papers on his desk when the door burst open.(倒装)
(1)hardly...when...意为“一……就……”，主句常用过去完成时，when引导的从句常用一般过去时。当hardly位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
(2)no sooner...than...和scarcely...when...也表示“一……就……”，与hardly...when...用法相同。
①be about to do...when.../be on the point of doing...when...正要做某事，这时突然……
②be doing sth.when...
正在做某事，这时突然……
③had just done...when...
刚做了某事，这时突然……
现在分词短语作结果状语
(教材P43)After his graduation，this project was exhibited in art galleries all over China, making him famous nationwide.
他毕业后，该项目在中国各地的美术馆中展出，这使他闻名全国。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The news shocked the public，leading(lead)to great concern about students’ safety at school.
②They reached the company out of breath, only to_be_told(tell) they were fired.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)First of all, I speak English fluently. It allows me to communicate with visitors without delay.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
(高级表达)First of all, I speak English fluently, allowing_me_to_communicate_with_visitors_without_delay．(现在分词短语作状语)
making him famous nationwide为现在分词短语作结果状语。
(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果。
(2)不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
[佳句背诵] The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing more patients to be treated.
医院最近获得了新的医疗设备，使更多的病人得到救治。(2017·天津卷)
[学生用书P223]
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．Committed to providing (provide) better services，the company will offer netizens all the information they need.
2．Each student dipped(dip) a finger into the mixture, sucked it and made a face.
3．He has_been_rewarded (reward) for his hard work over those five years—more than 10，000 yuan a month.
4．John was_studying(study) in his room when he heard screaming.
5．He lifted a rock, only to_drop (drop) it on his own feet.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．Hardly had we sat down at the table when the phone rang.
2．He employed a foreigner to act as his bodyguard.
3．While delicious，they tend to be expensive so you can have a go at making your own.
4．It was calculated that about 2，000 students had visited the old temple.
5．We are off to a new city for a holiday next month.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2019·天津卷)However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones，to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.承诺
2．I cast my own shadow upon my path because I have a lamp that has not been lighted.影子
3．To make the soup, you should first cut up some carrots and beef into small pieces and then put them into the pot.切碎
4．A number of trees have been cut down to make way for the highway in recent years, which makes us very upset.砍倒
维度四 易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．Once the project is completed, they are off the next opportunity.在off后加to
2．Hardly had he finished his talk than he was surrounded by the excited workers.than→when
3．It is important that our plan should be well laid off before we begin to work.off→out
4．He cut off the electricity quickly, prevented an accident.prevented→preventing
5．Teaching is not very financially reward.reward→rewarding
6．I have committed myself to sit on two committees.sit→sitting
7．We wouldn’t have got into trouble if had we followed his advice.删除if
8．The kitchen was in a disgusted state when she left.disgusted→disgusting
维度五 完成句子
1．只有生病了才知道健康的可贵。
Only when one falls ill does_one_know_the_value_of_health．
2．9月台风杜鹃袭击了浙江省，造成严重的水灾。
Typhoon Dujuan hit Zhejiang Province in September，causing_serious_flooding．
3．众所周知， 你如果不进行有规律地锻炼， 身体就不会健康。
It is known to all that unless_you_exercise_regularly,_you won’t keep fit.
4．建筑师承诺她会在一个月之内完成设计。
The architect has committed_herself_to_finishing the design within a month.
5．(湖北卷)我去书店的路上， 在一个十字路口等绿灯， 这时一个大约十岁的女孩被一辆驶过的车撞倒了，(然后)这辆车迅速开走了。
I was on my way to the bookstore and was_waiting_for_the_green_light_at_a_crossing_when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly.
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
It is a consensus that he was a famous painter, 1.whose birthplace was Spain. He was expert in abstract still life and oil painting. When he was young, he showed great interest 2.in painting and was 3.committed(commit) to this art. When he was 15 years old, he was off to learn from a famous artist. When he was 19, he gained an 4.admission(admit) to an art university and he also got scholarship. It is 5.calculated(calculate) that it was his changeable painting style 6.that made him upwards of his teacher. He acutely observed the scenery and things around him, such as trees and shadows, beings in the pond and the starry sky. He thought that his efforts were 7.rewarding(reward). His works 8.are_displayed(display) in a famous gallery at present. Meanwhile, he also enjoyed his life. In 9.his(he) spare time, he acted as a chef. He often laid out a piece of cloth on the table and cut up some meat on it 10.to_cook(cook) a good meal.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①上周我和儿子到北京参观了一个画展。
Last week I was_off_to_a_gallery in Beijing with my son.
②里面有很多抽象派油画在展出，时间跨度从13世纪到20世纪。
There were many abstract paintings on show，ranging_from the 13th century to the 20th century.
③有些油画单件价值数百万美元以上。
Some of the paintings are worth upwards_of millions of dollars each.
④由于免费入场，据估计当天有5 000人欣赏了那些漂亮的油画。
Because admission was free, it_was_calculated_that more than 5，000 people enjoyed the beautiful paintings that day.
⑤我儿子一看到这些油画，就承诺要学习绘画。
Hardly__had my son seen these paintings when he committed_himself_to studying painting.
⑥如果足够努力，他一定会有回报的。
Should_he make enough efforts，he would receive a reward．
2．升级平淡句
⑦用定语从句升级句②
There_were_many_abstract_paintings__on__show,__which_ranged_from_the_13th_century_to_the_20th_century.
⑧用介词短语作状语升级句④
Because_of_free_admission,_it_was_calculated_that_more_than_5，000_people_enjoyed_the_beautiful__paintings_that_day.
3．衔接成美文
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One possible version：
Last week I was off to a gallery in Beijing with my son.There were many abstract paintings on show, which ranged from the 13th century to the 20th century.Some of the paintings are worth upwards of millions of dollars each.Because of free admission, it was calculated that more than 5，000 people enjoyed the beautiful paintings that day.Hardly had my son seen these paintings when he committed himself to studying painting.Should he make enough efforts, he would receive a reward.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形
[学生用书P399(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·黄山高三模拟)In Mark Turin’s article“Protecting Our Public Spaces” in issue 14, he claims that “all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces”. I would like to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art form that can benefit our public spaces just as much as sculptures, fountains, or other more accepted art forms.
People who object to graffiti usually do so more because of where it is, not what it is. They argue that posting graffiti in public places is considered an illegal act of property damage. But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.
I would argue that graffiti is the most important public art form. Spray paint is a medium unlike any other. Through graffiti, the entire world has become a canvas(画布). These works of art dotting the urban landscape are available, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.
To be clear, I do not consider random words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art. Plenty of graffiti is just vandalism, pure and simple. However, there is also graffiti that is breathtaking in its complex detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes great talent to create such involved designs with spray paint. Are these creators not artists just because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush?
To declare that all graffiti is vandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement. Furthermore, graffiti is not going anywhere, so we might as well find a way to live with it and enjoy its benefits. One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists. By doing this, the public might feel like part owners of these works of art, rather than just the victims of a crime.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过论述涂鸦与公共空间的关系，进而探讨涂鸦是否为艺术。作者认为判断其是否为艺术应该根据涂鸦的质量而非存在的地方。
1．Mark Turin apparently believes that graffiti ________．
A．is not an art form
B．is too simple to be considered art
C．can only sometimes be considered a work of art
D．should be restricted to places where it is allowed
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“In Mark Turin’s article ‘Protecting Our Public Spaces’ in issue 14, he claims that ‘all graffiti(涂鸦) is vandalism(故意破坏财物的行为), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces’．”可知，Mark Turin显然认为涂鸦不是一种艺术形式。
2．The author argues that graffiti ________．
A．is the only art form that is free
B．is best viewed on public walls rather than canvases
C．provides more public benefits than sculptures do
D．should be judged on artistic qualities rather than places
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是第二段最后一句“But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.”可知，作者认为评价涂鸦应该根据其艺术品质而不是其所在地点。
3．The author concludes his passage by ________．
A．restating his position
B．questioning the magazine
C．offering an answer to the matter
D．identifying the benefits of graffiti
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists.”可推知，作者是通过提供一个解决办法来结束文章的。
B
(2020·济南模拟)We humans love to stare into our smart devices. We gaze for hours—about 10 hours and 39 minutes a day—at our computers, smartphones, tablets and televisions. Is all this staring bad for us? It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.
Blue light is a type of electromagnetic(电磁的) radiation with a very short wavelength that produces a high amount of energy. While it’s true that light can damage our eyes under certain circumstances, there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why bluelightblocking glasses are so popular. So do the glasses work?
“Everyone is very concerned that blue light may be causing damage to the eye, but there’s no evidence that it may be causing serious damage，” Dr. Rahul Khurana, clinical spokesman for the American Academy of Ophthalmology, told Business Insider.
Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light. But if blue light isn’t harmful, then why are we constantly rubbing our eyes when we’re looking at our screens? The answer is eyestrain (眼疲劳): More than 60 percent of people experience eye problems associated with digital eyestrain. And blue light, it seems, isn’t the cause. Instead, our eyes are so strained because most of us blink less when we stare at our digital devices. So if eyestrain is the issue, bluelightblocking glasses are probably of little use.
【解题导语】 该文主要探讨了蓝光是否对我们的眼睛有害的问题。
4．What do we know about blue light?
A．It is a kind of nuclear radiation.
B．It has the shortest wavelength.
C．It may come from electronic devices.
D．It consumes a great deal of energy.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“It might be, mainly because as we stare at our devices we are exposing ourselves to blue light.”可推知，电子设备会发出蓝光。
5．What causes the popularity of bluelightblocking glasses?
A．Evidence of their benefits to eyes.
B．Belief in blue light’s harmful effect.
C．Widespread use of smart devices.
D．Scientific understanding of blue light.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“there’s no scientific evidence suggesting that blue light is harmful to our eyes. But many people still think it is, which is why bluelightblocking glasses are so popular.”可知，防蓝光眼镜流行的原因是人们认为蓝光会对眼睛有害。
6．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Blue light exposure is hardly avoidable.
B．Eye problems are not easy to deal with.
C．Blue light may connect with tired eyes.
D．Rubbing eyes makes people strained.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的前三句“Blue light exposure is nothing new. In fact, the sun is the largest source of blue light. Moreover, blue light is also present in LED light.”可知，阳光是蓝光最大的来源，而且蓝光也存在于LED灯中。由此可推知，接触蓝光几乎是不可避免的。
7．According to the text, wearing bluelightblocking glasses may be ________．
A．tiring B．harmful
C．useless D．beneficial
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“So if eyestrain is the issue, bluelightblocking glasses are probably of little use.”可知，戴防蓝光眼镜可能是没有用处的。
完形填空
(2020·长沙统一模拟)Steve was a seventh grader, a big boy, looking more like a teenager than a 12yearold. Yet, he went unnoticed—he had been __1__ every examination since first grade—until Miss Wilma appeared.
In the middle of the first semester of school, the entire seventh grade was __2__for basic skills.
“You all did pretty well，” Miss Wilma told the class after going over the__3__， “except for one boy. And it __4__ my heart to tell you this, but...” she __5__， “the smartest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class.” Steve __6__ his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips.
After that, Steve still wouldn’t do his homework. Even if Miss Wilma __7__ punished him, he remained __8__．
“Steve, please! I care about you！”
__9__， Steve got it！“Someone CARES ABOUT ME？！”
One Monday a couple of weeks later, Miss Wilma gave a __10__ on the weekend homework. Steve __11__ through the test and was the first to hand in his paper. With a look of __12__， Miss Wilma took his paper and began to look it over.
Miss Wilma’s face was in a __13__ shock! She glanced up at Steve, then __14__， then up. The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first test!
From that moment, nothing was the same for Steve. He discovered that not only could he remember and understand __15__， but he could translate what he learned into his life. He became __16__．
After high school, Steve enlisted in the Navy, and he had a(n) __17__ military career. During his naval years, he inspired many young people who might not have __18__ themselves without him.
A __19__ took place within the heart of a boy all because of one teacher, who __20__．
【解题导语】 Steve曾经每次考试都不及格，但是Miss Wilma看到成绩的时候，却说他是班里最聪明的学生，并且告诉他老师非常关心他。Steve感受到老师对自己的良苦用心，从此刻苦学习，改变了自己的命运。老师对他的影响促使他用同样的方法去影响并且帮助更多的人。
1．A.missing B．failing
C．passing D．skipping
B 解析：根据下文可知，Steve学习成绩很差。故可推知，他自一年级以来成绩就不及格，故选B。下文中的“failing”也是提示。
2．A.tested B．classified
C．separated D．dismissed
A 解析：根据语境及下文内容可知，此处是说第一学期期中七年级全部学生进行基本技能测试。test“测试”符合语境。
3．A.questions B．effects
C．lessons D．results
D 解析：根据上文可知，七年级全部学生进行了基本技能测试，故此处应是指查看测试成绩(results)。
4．A.fills B．presses
C．breaks D．destroys
C 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示告诉Steve他考试没及格使Miss Wilma心碎。break “使心碎”。
5．A.shouted B．hesitated
C．interrupted D．laughed
B 解析：根据语境可知，Miss Wilma的语意有所转折，故此处表示她犹豫(hesitated)了一下继续说道。
6．A.dropped B．raised
C．covered D．closed
A 解析：根据语境可知，Steve此次测试未及格，所以当Miss Wilma提到Steve的时候，Steve双目低垂，认真检查自己的指尖。drop one’s eyes“垂下眼睛”。
7．A.strangely B．steadily
C．severely D．secretly
C 解析：根据上文“After that, Steve still wouldn’t do his homework.”并结合语境可推知，虽然Miss Wilma严厉地(severely)惩罚了Steve，但他仍然很固执(stubborn)。
8．A.helpless B．stubborn
C．flexible D．crazy
B 解析：参见上题解析。
9．A.Commonly B．Unwillingly
C．Particularly D．Suddenly
D 解析：根据语境可知，Steve突然顿悟，有人关心着自己。suddenly“突然”符合语境。
10．A.quiz B．chance
C．speech D．presentation
A 解析：根据下文“Steve ______ through the test and was the first to hand in his paper.”可知，该处表示Miss Wilma组织了一场小测试(quiz)。
11．A.slept B．looked
C．lived D．hurried
D 解析：根据该句中的“was the first to hand in his paper”可推知，Steve很快就完成了测试。hurry“急忙(做某事)”符合语境。
12．A.disappointment B．surprise
C．satisfaction D．inspiration
B 解析：根据下文“Miss Wilma’s face was in a ______ shock！”可知，Miss Wilma对Steve的表现非常惊讶(surprise)。disappointment“失望”；satisfaction“满意”；inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”。
13．A.bitter B．total
C．precious D．ridiculous
B 解析：根据语境可知，Miss Wilma深感震惊。a total shock“深感震惊”为固定搭配。
14．A.down B．away
C．out D．back
A 解析：根据该句“She glanced up at Steve, then ______， then up.”可知，Miss Wilma深感震惊，上下打量Steve。down“向下”符合语境。
15．A.homework B．grades
C．knowledge D．subjects
C 解析：根据语境以及空后的“but he could translate what he learned into his life”可知，Steve不但记住并理解了知识，而且可以把所学知识(knowledge)应用到生活中。
16．A.outstanding B．lazy
C．rough D．troublesome
A 解析：根据上文内容可知，Steve不但记住并理解了知识，而且可以把所学知识应用到生活中。由此可推知，他变得很优秀(outstanding)。
17．A.tiring B．ordinary
C．hardworking D．successful
D 解析：根据上文并结合语境可推知，毕业后，Steve参加了海军，而且在军队中很成功。tiring“令人困倦的”；ordinary“普通的”；hardworking“努力的”。
18．A.relied on B．looked after
C．turned to D．believed in
D 解析：根据语境可知，Steve在海军服役期间鼓舞了许多年轻人，如果没有他，这些年轻人可能不会相信(believed in)自己。
19．A.competition B．choice
C．change D．campaign
C 解析：根据上文可知，Steve在Miss Wilma的关心(cared)下，发生了改变(change)。
20．A.waited B．listened
C．wished D．cared
D 解析：参见上题解析。与上文中的“I care about you！”呼应。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇语法填空
[学生用书P401(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
(2020·安徽重点中学模拟)One of the easiest ways to stop the spread of disease is to simply wash your hands. Twenty seconds of handwashing with soap and water can reduce illnesses and save lives. But, many people, especially children, do not have good handwashing habits. One problem is that children do not wash their hands often enough or long enough. Children may think that it is a tiresome thing to do.
To help handle this problem, two businesswomen from India created a product to turn handwashing into a fun activity. Amanat Anand and Shubham Issar created a tool called SoaPen, aimed at teaching kids good handwashing habits and encouraging kids to wash their hands with soap appropriately and regularly.
“It’s such a simple habit to do, but the fact is that people aren’t doing it, and it’s resulting in actual deaths—which is shocking. So, we decided to come up with a fun method，” said Issar.
As the name suggests, SoaPen is a pen made out of soap. The children draw on their hands with the soap pen and then wash the drawing off. If they don’t spend enough time washing it off, the colors remain on the children’s hands. Issar said it makes sure that children take enough time to wash their hands. This may be especially helpful in a classroom. Often a teacher does not have the time to make each child wash his hands properly.
Kids actually wash their hands for the proper amount of time because they’re drawing on their hands. To obliterate the drawing, they actually wash their hands instead of just going under water and, you know, a onesecond wash and off.
Good news is that the school children in Mumbai, India, will soon most likely wash their hands after handling a pet. Issar and Anand stated that SoaPen to be created everywhere will help promote good habits through handwashing in the city across the globe.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SoaPen。SoaPen是一款画笔样式的液态洗手产品，孩子们可用它在手上涂抹然后洗手，如果他们没有花足够的时间洗手，颜色会留在他们的手上，这会让洗手充满乐趣。
1．Why does SoaPen come into existence?
A．To cure kids of some kinds of diseases.
B．To teach kids the importance of soap.
C．To help kids wash their hands correctly.
D．To make money from children consumers.
C 解析：细节理解题。依据第一段中的“One problem is that children do not wash their hands often enough or long enough.”可知，问题是孩子们洗手的频率不够或洗手的时间不够长；再联系第二段中的“aimed at teaching kids good handwashing habits and encouraging kids to wash their hands with soap appropriately and regularly”可知，发明SoaPen的目的在于让孩子们养成良好的洗手习惯，由此可知选项C正确。
2．Which of the following does Issar agree with?
A．Handwashing is anything but little.
B．SoaPen is designed for classrooms.
C．Some teachers ignore kids’ health in school.
D．Kids don’t know the right way of handwashing.
A 解析：细节理解题。依据第三段Issar的话“It’s such a simple habit to do, but the fact is that people aren’t doing it, and it’s resulting in actual deaths”可知，有些人因为没有养成良好的洗手习惯而死亡，由此可知，洗手习惯对我们的健康是至关重要的，故选A项。
3．What does the underlined word “obliterate” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Show. B．Reserve.
C．Learn. D．Remove.
D 解析：词义猜测题。依据该段的“Kids actually wash their hands for the proper amount of time because they’re drawing on their hands.”可知，孩子们需要用足够的时间去洗手才能洗掉SoaPen的图案，由画线词后的内容可知，为了消除SoaPen留在手上的痕迹，孩子们不再只是匆匆洗手了。由此可知，画线词与remove意思相近，故选D项。
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．SoaPen has become popular worldwide.
B．The inventors think SoaPen has a bright future.
C．SoaPen has been applied in Mumbai schools.
D．Kids’ health should be paid more attention to.
B 解析：推理判断题。依据该段的“Issar and Anand stated that SoaPen to be created everywhere will help...across the globe.”可知，发明者表示SoaPen将在世界各地生产，这也会促进在全球推广好的洗手习惯，她们对SoaPen的未来有信心，由此可知选项B正确。
B
(2020·东北三省四市二模)You can’t see your sleeping pet’s brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when your cat might be dreaming. If you watch closely, you’ll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, called slowwave sleep. After about 15 minutes you’ll notice a change in her breathing. Her eyes move under her closed lids, her paws twitch(抽动) and she flicks(轻拂) an ear. She has entered dreaming. Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can’t run about. She is in a state of “sleep paralysis(麻痹)”．
Michel Jouvet, a French scientist, interrupted their sleep paralysis. Even though they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldn’t see and arched their backs at unseen enemies. He figured he was watching them act out their dreams! Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills: following, pouncing, and fighting.
In another study, Matt Wilson recorded rats’ brain waves while they learned mazes. One day, he left the brainwaverecording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!
Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills that were probably important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.
Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, how often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when lying down.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，动物和人类一样，也经常会做梦，梦的内容常常跟学习重要的技能和弄清最近学习的东西相关；体型越小的动物，做梦的频率越高。
5．What does Michel Jouvet find in his study?
A．The dreaming cats are in a state of body paralysis.
B．The dreaming cats often practise their important skills.
C．The eyes of dreaming cats move while bodies are still.
D．The legs of the dreaming cats can’t move.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills：following, pouncing, and fighting.”可知，这些做梦的猫似乎在练习重要的猫科动物技能：跟随、猛扑和打斗。据此可知，Michel Jouvet在研究中发现，睡梦中的猫经常训练重要的技能，故B项正确。
6．What can you know about dreaming from the passage?
A．Dreaming a lot can help humans learn more.
B．Learning mazes is the basic skill for cats to learn.
C．Rats often dream to work out their recent learning.
D．Fighting and escaping are not important skills for ancestors.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Many researchers now think that in both people and animals，one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning.”可知，许多研究人员现在认为，无论是人还是动物，做梦的一个目的都是练习重要的技能，并弄清最近学习的东西；据此可推知，老鼠经常通过做梦来弄清楚最近学习的东西，故C项正确。
7．Which animal may dream most frequently?
A．Rats. B．Dogs.
C．Cows. D．Elephants.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段可知，动物做梦的频率跟它们的体型大小有关，猫每15分钟做一次梦，老鼠每9分钟做一次梦，大象每2小时做一次梦。据此可知，老鼠做梦的频率最高，故A项正确。
8．How does the author develop his passage?
A．By making comparisons. B．By using figures.
C．By telling stories. D．By showing facts.
D 解析：写作手法题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can’t run about.”并结合全文其他内容可知，文中列举了大量事实来说明动物做梦的现象，从而组织文章，故D项正确。
七选五
(2020·南昌高三段考)
Public Speaking
Public speaking can be defined as the act of making a speech in front of a group of listeners.
The types of public speaking are deliberately structured with three general purposes: to inform, to persuade and to entertain the audience. An informative speech has a purpose to inform, or give knowledge to its audience. 1.________ For persuasive speech, the speaker would try to change the mindset, perception, or behavior of the audience for their own good. Thus, the speaker needs to look for common ground with the audience and try to relate to what they might agree on. The last type is a ceremonial speech. It tends to be less formal and more personal than the other types of speeches. No matter how well you know the person you are giving speech to, try not to say bad things about them, even if it is meant to be a joke.
2．________ Sparing some time to practice will help build confidence and help determine how long the presentation will last. Aside from it, knowing who the audience will be is quite necessary. Try to get as much information as possible regarding this particular area related to the audience. Knowing the “battlefield” in advance will give the speakers a huge advantage.
Language is the main aspect a speaker needs to pay attention to while giving a speech. 3.________ A speaker needs to choose their words carefully and make it clear to the audience what they mean. Often, when given a speech, the audience look to the speaker to give them something new and useful. 4.________ Language and delivery(演讲方式) alone will not be sufficient if the speaker does not have the body language. The movement and gesture of a speaker also affect the audience. While closing the speech or presentation, speakers can restate their main points, just to remind the audience of the important things that have been said. 5.________
A．It needs to be used clearly.
B．These speeches mark special occasions.
C．The important thing to watch about is not to put in too much information.
D．The key of perfecting anything is through practice, including public speaking.
E．They can also end it with a special message and encourage the audience to ask questions.
F．Knowing how public speaking is done is a key part in understanding the importance of it.
G．Thus, the speaker needs to know how to deliver their speech to fulfill the audience’s expectation.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了公共演讲的几个类型以及做好演讲所需注意的事项。
1．C 解析：从结构上看，第二段首先介绍了公共演讲的三种目的；接下来对这三种目的分别介绍了其对应的演讲类型以及注意事项，空处位于介绍informative speech这种类型之后，应是说明它的注意事项，故C项表述不要输入太多的信息符合语境。其中information是关键提示词。
2．D 解析：本空是段首句。本段讲述了公共演讲的两个注意事项。下文“Aside from it...is quite necessary.”讲的是第二个注意事项：要提前了解观众是谁。接着进一步阐述了注意事项。空后讲的是多加练习对于演讲的好处，由此可推知，空处应是第一个注意事项，并且与空后一句中的“practice”相呼应，故选D。
3．A 解析：本空是段中句。空前一句是说语言是演讲中需注意的主要方面。空处应是对其进行进一步的说明，关键词是Language，A项中的It指的就是Language，且根据空后的“make it clear to the audience”可知，A项“它(语言)需要使用得很清楚”符合语境。
4．G 解析：本空是段中句。空前讲的是观众期待演讲者能给他们新的有用的东西，故G项“因此，演讲者需要了解如何发表他们的演讲来满足观众的期待”与空前一句构成逻辑上的因果关系，故G项符合语境。
5．E 解析：本空是段尾句。空前讲的是演讲者可以重申要点，提醒观众所讲的重要事情来结束演讲，空处应是叙述另一种结束方式，故E项符合语境。
语法填空
(2020·陕西摸底检测)Recently researchers have had a finding 1.____________ singing in groups could have a positive impact on reducing 2.____________(anxious) and depression. The research is from the University of East Anglia in the U．K., in cooperation with a community singing group 3.____________(call) Sing Your Heart Out. A research team conducted the study 4.____________(examine) how singing with other people affects mental health. Researchers followed a group of people 5.____________ attended free weekly singing workshops for six months. They discovered that singing in groups was 6.____________ essential part in helping people recover from mental illness. In addition, it helped people feel 7.____________(little) stressed, enhanced their mood and increased their confidence, social skills and feeling of wellbeing. Lead researcher, Professor Tom Shakespeare, said, “We found that singing as part of a group contributes 8.____________ people’s recovery from mental health problems.” He added, “All of the 9.____________(participant) we spoke to reported positive effects as a direct result of taking part in the singing workshops. For some, it 10.____________(represent) one component of a wider program of support. For others, it stood out as the key to their maintenance of health.”
【解题导语】 研究发现，合唱可以缓解压力，减少沮丧，有利于精神健康。
1．that 解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句解释说明a finding，作其同位语，空处在句中不作句子成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。
2．anxiety 解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，本空作reducing的宾语，与depression并列，故填名词anxiety。
3．called 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词call和其逻辑主语a community singing group构成动宾关系，故填其过去分词形式called。
4．to examine 解析：考查动词不定式。此处表示一个研究小组进行该研究是为了调查与他人一起唱歌是如何影响精神健康的，表目的，故填动词不定式to examine。
5．who/that 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为people，从句中缺少主语，故填who或that。
6．an 解析：考查冠词。part在此处为可数名词，且在文中第一次提及，故用不定冠词修饰，又因essential的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
7．less 解析：考查副词的比较级。根据下文“enhanced their mood...feeling of wellbeing”可知，合唱帮助人们缓解压力，即帮助人们感受到更少的压力，故用副词的比较级less，修饰其后的形容词“stressed”。
8．to 解析：考查介词。contribute to sth.是固定搭配，意为“促成某事”，故填to。
9．participants 解析：考查名词的单复数。participant“参与者”为可数名词，根据空前的“All of the”可知，此处表示复数的概念，故填participants。
10．represented 解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语；根据后一句中的stood out及全文的基本时态为一般过去时可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填represented。
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