2021版高考英语（人教版）一轮复习学案：必修23Unit3　Computers



一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．calculator n．　　　　　　 计算器
2．laptop n. 手提电脑
3．calculate vt. 计算
4．universal adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的
5．revolution n. 革命
6．artificial adj. 人造的；假的
7．tube n. 管；管子；电子管
8．transistor n. 晶体管
9．chip n. 碎片；芯片
10．network n. 网络；网状物
11．web n. 网
12．mobile adj. 可移动的；机动的
13．rocket n. 火箭
14．Mars n. 火星
15．download vt. 下载
16．virus n. 病毒
17．teammate n. 同伴；伙伴
18．mop n. 拖把
　 　　vt. 用拖把拖；擦
19．naughty adj. 顽皮的；淘气的
20．niece n. 侄女；甥女
21．spoil vt. 损坏；宠坏
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．anyhow adv. 无论如何；即使如此
2．reality n. 真实；事实；现实
3．signal vi.& vt. 发信号
n. 信号
4．arise vi. 出现；发生
5．character n. 性格；特点
6．goal n. 目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分
7．type n. 类型
vt.& vi. 打字
8．technology n. 工艺；科技；技术
9．coach n. 教练
10．electronic adj. 电子的
11．sum n. 总数；算术题；金额
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．simple adj.简单的→simplify vt.简化
2．operate v．操作；经营→operator n．(电脑)操作员；接线员→operation n．操作；经营
3．logical adj.合逻辑的；合情理的→logically adv.逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地
4．technology n．工艺；科技；技术→technological adj.科技的
5．solve vt.解决；解答→solution n．方法
6．intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能→intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的
7．personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→personally adv.就个人而言；亲自→personality n．个性；人格；风云人物；名人
8．total adj.总的；整个的 n．总数；合计v.共计；总计；把……加起来→totally adv.完全地；整个地
9．apply v．应用；涉及；申请→applicant n．申请人；求职者→application n．应用；用途；申请
10．finance n．金融；财经→financial adj.财政的；金融的；资金的
11．explore vt.& vi.探索；探测；探究→explorer n．探险家；勘探者→exploration n．探索
12．appear vi.出现→appearance n．外观；外貌；出现
13．happy adj.幸福的，快乐的→happiness n．幸福；快乐

1.A­B­C式过去式、过去分词变化
①arise→arose→arisen
②drive→drove→driven
③ride→rode→ridden
④rise→rose→risen
⑤write→wrote→written
2.以“­ify”结尾的动词荟萃
①simplify　　　 简化
②beautify 美化
③purify 净化
④identify 鉴定；识别出
⑤classify 分类
3.“互联网”家族
①download vt.　　 下载
②click vt. 点击
③database n. 数据库；资料库
④surf vi.& vt. 浏览；(互联网上)冲浪
⑤network n. 网络
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．from...on　　　　　　　 从……时起
2．in__a__way 在某种程度上
3．with__the__help__of 在……的帮助下
4．deal__with 处理；安排；对付；应付
5．watch__over 看守；监视；照管
6．provide...for... 给……提供……
7．have...in__common 有……共同之处
8．share...with... 与……分享……
9．as__a__result__ 结果
10．make__up 弥补；编造；打扮；构成
11．after__all 毕竟；终究
12．make__good__use__of 充分利用

1.all相关短语大全
①after all　　　　　 　　 毕竟；终究
②above all 首先；最重要的是
③in all 全部；合计
④at all 全然；一点；根本；究竟
⑤first of all 首先；第一
⑥all in all 总的说来
2.“v....with...”结构面面观
①share...with...　　　　 与……分享……
②cover...with... 用……覆盖……
③equip...with... 使……具有……
④mix...with... 把……和……混合
⑤connect...with... 把……与……连接起来
⑥provide...with... 为……提供……
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：before引导时间状语从句，意为“……之后才……”
I developed very slowly and it__took__nearly__two__hundred__years__before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
句型2：as引导时间状语从句
As__time__went__by,__I was made smaller.　随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。
句型3：so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”
And my memory became so__large__that even I couldn’t believe it！
我的存储量变得如此之大，以至于我自己都不能相信！
句型4：by the time引导时间状语从句，意为“到……为止”
By__the__time__I__was__sixteen,__my dream had come true.
在我满十六岁时，我的梦想成真了。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．Anyhow(无论如何), I will try to persuade my parents to send me to study abroad.
2．Tom has been looking forward to becoming a lawyer and his dream has been turned into reality(现实)．
3．George was responsible for the accident because he didn’t give a signal(信号) to other drivers.
4．(2019·天津卷)My friend brings me happiness(happy) and gives me a lot of encouragement.
5．Seeing their favourite star come in，the devoted fans arose(arise) from their seats immediately.
6．There are so many different types(type) of bread that the volunteer doesn’t know which to buy.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.They were dull and visually forbidding.But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.革命
2．(2019·江苏卷完形)With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a combination of artificial breeding and natural reproduction.人造的
3．(2019·天津卷阅读表达)Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years，walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.擦；用拖把拖
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation­state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear...全世界的
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．As far as I know, the problem is difficult to solve. The team are working hard to analyze it so that they can find a good solution．(solve)
2．After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her personal opinion. Personally speaking, I agreed with what she said.(person)
3．There were about 40 people at the party in total. They sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.(total)
4．He believes that all children are born with equal intelligence. And he thinks that this slow boy can be as intelligent as others if taught properly.(intelligent)
5．When he suddenly appeared in the classroom, the students were concentrating on listening to their teacher. His sudden appearance surprised them.(appear)
6．Try to simplify your explanation to the students to help them understand better.They are so young that they can understand simple questions.(simple)
7．Any applicant who would like to apply to become an assistant in our company should send us an application before May 10, 2020.(apply)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
from now on; as a result; with the help of; deal with; in a way
It is well known that we are surrounded by electronic devices. We use calculators to solve maths questions, which makes calculation easier. 1.With__the__help__of computers, we can 2.deal__with electronic mails and explore the world. AI has simplified our life 3.in__a__way. In reality, almost every young person has a mobile phone. Personally, we should use our phones properly. But some people are so crazy about their mobile phones that they often walk on the busy streets, typing messages now and then. 4.As__a__result,__many accidents are caused now. In order to keep us safe and healthy, we’d better use electronic devices wisely 5.from__now__on．
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)没有必要担心，不久你就会适应中国的风俗习惯的。
There is no need to worry about.It__will__not__take__a__long__time__before you adapt to the Chinese customs.
2．(2018·浙江卷6月读后续写)随着夜幕的降临， 我变得焦虑不安。
As__night__was__approaching,__I became anxious and worried.
3．(天津卷书面表达)你们如此善良、体贴，以至于我们希望成为你们的朋友，无论你们在哪儿。
You are so__kind__and__considerate__that we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are.
4．到他五岁时，他已学会了如何弹钢琴。
By the time he was five years old, he had__learned__how__to__play__the__piano．


solve　vt.解决；解答
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(天津卷)One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be__solved(solve)．
②We are supposed to come up with a solution(solve) to stop people looking down at their mobile phones while driving cars.
[能力提升]——句式升级/词汇替换
③(普通表达)After most of the problems were settled, I felt a great weight taken off my mind.
(高级表达)With__most__of__the__problems__solved,__I felt a great weight taken off my mind.(with复合结构)

(1)solve a problem　　　　 解决一个问题
(2)solution n. 解决办法；处理手段
a/the solution to... ……的解决方法　
[佳句背诵] We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.
在我们能解决问题之前，我们需要找到它的根源。
[名师点津] 名词后跟介词to荟萃：
the solution to　　　 ……的解决方法
the answer to ……的答案
the key to ……的关键
the entrance to ……的入口
signal　vi.& vt.发信号　n．信号
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)．..the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals(signal) that we really have changed our planet.
②As soon as he sat down at the table, he signalled to the waiter to bring the menu.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)A man stood up and signalled that he was strongly opposed to the plan.
(高级表达)A man stood up, signalling__that he was strongly opposed to the plan.(分词作状语)

(1)a traffic signal　　　　　　 交通信号
send out a signal 发出信号
(2)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that... 示意(某人)……　
[佳句背诵] The grand military parade of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC should be a signal that China has become a rich and powerful country.　中华人民共和国成立70周年的盛大阅兵应该是中国已经成为一个富强的国家的标志。
arise　vi.出现；发生；起身；起床
[一词多义]——写出下列句中arise的含义
①Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose from his chair immediately.起身
②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise.出现
③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床
④As is known to all, emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.产生
[能力提升]——一句多译
休息时， 我们的班主任开始处理他的课上出现的问题。
⑤At break, our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters arising__from__his__class．(分词作定语)
⑥At break, our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters which__arose__from__his__class．(定语从句)

arise(arose, arisen)vi. 出现；发生；起因于
rise(rose, risen)vi. 升起；上升；起身；增长
raise(raised, raised)vt. 提升；举起；饲养；抚养；提出
arouse(aroused, aroused)vt.
唤醒，激起　
[对比记忆]
(1)As is known to us, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(2)(2019·浙江卷6月应用文写作)Besides, what you told me about your country broadened my horizons and aroused my interest in foreign culture.
(3)To raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment, we launched a campaign.
as a result　结果
[基础练习]——用result的相关短语填空
①(2018·天津卷书面表达)For one thing, you can be exposed to the Chinese language and the Chinese culture. As__a__result,__you can master the language and be familiar with its cultures.
②As__a__result__of your carelessness, the plan should be put off at least one month.
[能力提升]——一句多译
人们普遍认为他是因为过度劳累而得了疾病。(result)
③It’s generally believed that his illness resulted__from the overfull tiredness.
④It’s generally believed that the overfull tiredness resulted__in his illness.
⑤It’s generally believed that he suffered from illness as__a__result__of the overfull tiredness.

(1)as a consequence　　　　　　 结果
as a result/consequence of
由于；作为……的结果
(2)result from 由……引起
result in 导致；结果　
[佳句背诵] As a result/consequence, adequate preparation is urgently needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.　因此，迫切需要充分的准备，包括练习、营养和完善的计划。(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
[名师点津] (1)as a result/consequence意为“因此，结果”，常作状语。
(2)as a result/consequence of意为“由于”，是介词短语，只能接名词/代词/动名词等。
in a way　从某一角度看；在某种程度上
[基础练习]——用way的相关短语填空
①In__a__way,__the computer plays a more and more important role in our life and work.
②Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always in__the__way whenever she tries to.
③He decided that he would drive all__the__way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④只有这样他们才能独立成长、真正成功。
Only__in__this__way__can__they__grow__up to be independent and become truly successful.

all the way　　　　　　 一路上；自始至终；完全
by the way 顺便说一下
in the way 挡道；妨碍
in this way 用这种方法
in no way 一点也不；决不(放在句首须部分倒装)
on the way to... 在去……途中　
[佳句背诵] In a way, I’m glad that you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.
从某一角度看，我很高兴你犯了那个错误，因为这对你是个警告。
deal with　处理；安排；对付；论及；涉及；与……打交道；做买卖
[一词多义]——写出下列句中deal with的含义
①(2019·浙江卷6月概要写作)The principle for dealing with praise is to consider the link between praise and effort.处理
②His article deals with many issues we are greatly concerned about.论及；涉及
③His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.与……打交道
[能力提升]——一句多译
事实上，我不知道他们将如何处理这个问题。
④As a matter of fact, I don’t know how__they__will__deal__with__the__problem．(deal with)
⑤In fact, I’m at a loss what__they__will__do__with__the__problem．(do with)

(1)do with sth.　　　　　 处理某事
(2)make a deal 达成协议
(3)a great/good deal 大量，许多
a great/good deal of＋不可数名词
大量的……　
[佳句背诵] We certainly do spend a great deal of our time waiting.　我们确实花费许多时间等待。
[名师点津] (1)deal with表示“处理”时，常与连接副词how连用。
(2)do with表示“处理”时，常与连接代词what连用。

as引导时间状语从句
(教材P18)As time went by, I was made smaller.
随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As technology develops，we can have access to the information swiftly.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)In brief, do as the Chinese do when in China.
[能力提升]——一句多译
随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。
③With__time__going__by,__I gradually adapted myself to the school life.(with)
④As__time__went__by,__I gradually adapted myself to the school life.(as)

(1)as是连词，意为“随着”时，引导时间状语从句。
(2)as是连词，意为“按照”时，引导方式状语从句。
(3)with是介词，意为“随着”时，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。　
[佳句背诵] As I was busy preparing for my final exam, I didn’t reply to your email as soon as I received it.　因为我正忙着准备期末考试，我没有一收到电子邮件就给你回复。(2017·天津卷书面表达)
[名师点津] as可以引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。
so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”
(教材P18)And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it！　我的存储量变得如此之大，以至于我自己都不能相信！
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
②Beijing is so attractive a place that lots of tourists from home and abroad visit the city every year.
③It is such lovely weather that we all want to go out for a walk.
④(2018·江苏卷书面表达)Everyone is faced with such wonderful goods every day that they find they are difficult to choose from.
[能力提升]——句式升级
⑤(普通表达)The volleyball match is so significant that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
(高级表达)So__significant__is__the__volleyball__match__that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule.(倒装)

(1)so...that...句型的常见形式：

(2)such...that...句型的常见形式：

(3)当so/such及其后成分放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。
[佳句背诵] Keeping a learning diary every day is so important that I would like to introduce it to you.
每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。


Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to__explore(explore) new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.
2．So many people around the world are learning or using English, so it is considered as a universal(universe) language.
3．Her childhood dream became a reality(real) when she broke the 100m race world record.
4．Personally(person), I think the best present is not necessarily the most expensive one.
5．As an operator(operate), Rosy has to answer many calls from all over the country every day.
6．The intelligence(intelligent) and the ability to speak make humans different from other animals.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will__have__left(leave) for London to attend a meeting.
2．As can be seen from the picture, a boy is burdened with such heavy homework that it seems as if he can hardly bear it any more.
3．They are talking about problems arising(arise) from the lack of communication.
4．With global warming becoming more and more serious，it won’t be long before some coastal cities disappear.
5．I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get help from you.
Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．Although they come from total different cultures, they get along well with each other.total→totally
2．The ability to give good advice at the right time involves a great deal of intelligent.intelligent→intelligence
3．The number of road accident deaths arise from those accidents has increased over the past years.arise→arising
4．Those taking part in the activity are pleased to see the problem solve so quickly.solve→solved
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.删除much
Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．(2019·北京卷)The programme beginning in August will operate in South Africa.vi.实施
2．(2019·天津卷阅读B)By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character.n.人物
3．This is a theme explored by the author in his latest novels.vt.探讨；调查研究

提能一　语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
I have a good robot friend 1.whose name is Jack.“He” is similar to a human being 2.in many ways.“He” is a robot about 120 centimeters tall with a lovely face and two bright eyes, 3.designed(design) by my thoughts.When I put on my cap, my brain sends out 4.signals(signal) to the cap on my head, which can pick up the signals and send them to a computer.In this way the computer reads the signals 5.and then controls “his” moves.
(二)
With the Internet 1.developing(develop) rapidly, people can apply for the job through the Internet.It is very convenient for students to solve the difficult problem 2.with the help of several clicks.3.In a way, computers have changed our life.However, many students become so crazy about computers 4.that they spend too much time on them.As 5.a result, some of the students fail the exams.Anyhow, computers play 6.an important part in our life.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
某英文报社正在举办主题为“畅想未来”的科技创意征文大赛。请你以“________ in the Future”为题写一篇英文短文，从功能和用途两个方面描述日常生活中某件物品的未来。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①现有的家庭机器人已经研发得很好，能处理各种家务活。(现在完成时的被动语态)
The existing home robots have__been__developed very perfectly, so they__can__deal__with__all__kinds__of__housework．
②随着科技的快速发展，新型的家庭机器人将会出现。
As__science__and__technology__develops__rapidly,__new__types__of__home__robots__will__arise.
③人们会探索出未来的家庭机器人的更多新的用途，比如看护老人和婴儿。
Many__new__applications__will__be__explored for the future home robots, such as watching__over__elderly__people__and__babies．
④在科学家的帮助下，他们会变得越来越聪明。
With__the__help__of__scientists,__they__will__become__more__and__more__intelligent.
⑤他们不仅能用任何语言和我们交流，也能在我们沮丧的时候与我们分享有趣的故事逗我们开心。
They can not only communicate with us in any language but also can__share__funny__stories__with__us__to__make__us__happy__if__we__are__upset．
⑥将来家庭机器人在我们的生活中将起着重要的作用。
Home__robots__in__the__future__will__play__an__important__part__in__our__life.
2．升级平淡句
⑦利用so...that...状语从句升级句①
The__existing__home__robots__have__been__developed__so__perfectly__that__they__can__deal__with__all__kinds__of__housework.
⑧利用倒装句式升级句⑤
Not__only__can__they__communicate__with__us__in__any__language__but__they__can__also__share__funny__stories__with__us__to__make__us__happy__if__we__are__upset.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however, in a way, what’s more, as a result, anyhow)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Home Robots in the Future
The existing home robots have been developed so perfectly that they can deal with all kinds of housework. However, as science and technology develops rapidly, new types of home robots will arise.
In a way, many new applications will be explored for the future home robots, such as watching over elderly people and babies. What’s more, with the help of scientists, they will become more and more intelligent. As a result, not only can they communicate with us in any language but they can also share funny stories with us to make us happy if we are upset. Anyhow, home robots in the future will play an important part in our life.

(建议用时：50分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·桂林、崇左联合模拟)Unless you’re very young or very old, it’s likely you have some kind of relationship with email, whether you get hundreds of messages a day or a few dozen a week. A new study suggests that how we deal with these incoming messages could be affecting our stress levels and overall health.
A team from the Future Work Centre in the UK surveyed 2，000 people across various industries, sectors, and job roles, asking participants how they managed their email and how much associated stress they felt as a result. Overall, those who spent the most time organising and staying on top of messages felt the most email­related pressure too.
“While email can be a valuable communication tool, it’s clear that it’s a source of stress and frustration for many of us. The people who reported it being most useful to them also reported the highest levels of email pressure.” said one of the team, Richard MacKinnon.
Two of the habits linked to more email­related stress were checking for messages first thing in the morning and last thing at night. Half of those surveyed had push notifications(消息推送) set up for new email, while 62 percent of respondents left their email app open all day and all night. Both were linked to higher levels of email pressure. The survey also found that managers suffered more than non­managers.
Stress is not just a problem when it comes to our mood—it’s been linked to a lot of disorders such as heart disease, weight gain, memory impairment(减弱), digestive problems, and depression.
The researchers suggest that the relationship between email­related stress and the negative impact on home life is not the same for everyone.
【解题导语】　大部分人会接触到电子邮件，对电子邮件的处理方式会影响我们的压力层级和整体健康。
1．What’s the purpose of the study?
A．To find out how many people have an email account.
B．To know what sort of people use email most.
C．To find out how email management is related to stress.
D．To show what changes email has brought about to people.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“A new study suggests that how we deal with these incoming messages could be affecting our stress levels and overall health.”并结合第三段内容可知，该研究旨在弄清处理电子邮件的方式和压力以及健康的关系，故C项正确。
2．What does Richard MacKinnon think of email?
A．It brings more strengths.
B．It is not an essential tool.
C．It is a double­edged sword.
D．It makes people puzzled.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段Richard MacKinnon所说的话“While email can be a valuable communication tool, it’s clear that it’s a source of stress and frustration for many of us. The people who reported it being most useful to them also reported the highest levels of email pressure.”可知，虽然电子邮件是很有用的沟通工具，但又是压力和沮丧的来源；声称电子邮件最有用的人也是承受电子邮件压力最大的人；据此可推知，Richard MacKinnon认为电子邮件是一把双刃剑，故C项正确。
3．Which of the following habits causes the most stress?
A．Checking email in the morning.
B．Checking email in the evening.
C．Keeping email app open at work.
D．Setting up push notifications for new email.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Half of those surveyed had push notifications(消息推送) set up for new email, while 62 percent of respondents left their email app open all day and all night. Both were linked to higher levels of email pressure.”可知，一半的受访者设置了新的电子邮件推送通知，62%的受访者让他们的电子邮件应用程序整日整夜都开着，这两种习惯都导致更大的压力，比早晚查看电子邮件导致的压力更大，故D项正确。
4．Where does the text most probably come from?
A．Science fiction.
B．A science report.
C．A fashion magazine.
D．A book guide.
B　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第二句“A new study suggests that how we deal with these incoming messages could be affecting our stress levels and overall health.”为全文的主题句，据此可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究：处理电子邮件的方式影响我们的压力层级和整体健康。故本文最有可能选自一篇科学报告。
B
(2020·石家庄高三模拟)As carmakers push ahead with self­driving vehicles, an Austrian aerospace company and its Chinese partner showed off their pilotless “flying taxi” for the first time in Europe on Thursday.
The drone(无人驾驶飞机) hummed loudly as it rose above the ground at Vienna’s Generali Arena, home to soccer club FK Austria Wien. The slim plane, which weighs 750 pounds, circled in the air briefly and came down within a few minutes.
“The EHang 216, which can seat two passengers, has been tested comprehensively and is essentially ready for mass production，” said Derrick Xiong, co­founder of Chinese drone maker EHang. “The drone can fly at up to 150 km per hour for almost half an hour，” FACC AG Chief Executive Officer Robert Machtlinger said. “It can travel between 50 and 70 kilometers depending on the load.” The passenger capsule is small, with leg room that taller passengers might find less than adequate, an Austrian photographer who took part in a demonstration(演示) flight told Reuters.
Joining the race for new autonomous aircraft services that do not require runways, EHang entered a strategic partnership last year with Austria’s FACC AG, owned by Chinese aerospace group AVIC, aiming to offer short­distance services for passengers, industrial equipment and urgent medical deliveries. FACC AG says it has already received several thousand orders for the $336，000 drone, with the highest demand in China. Competitors working toward offering autonomous flying cars early in the next decade range from aerospace company Airbus to Uber and AeroMobil.
“Technically...urban mobility, flying without a pilot, is possible. It ’s not a dream，” said Machtlinger. “What is stopping us from going into larger volumes(量) is regulation, ” he added. “A future legal framework for autonomous flying vehicles should regulate communication with other planes and helicopters and provide traffic rules，” he said. “Austria supports international efforts to quickly establish the necessary regulation，” said transport minister Norbert Hofer. He hopes that Austria will be the place where thousands of these air taxis will be built and that very soon we will see a lot of these air taxis in the air.
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了奥地利航空公司和它的中国合作伙伴首次展示的无人驾驶“飞行出租车”的相关情况。
5．What stage of development is the EHang 216 at?
A．It’s being tested comprehensively.
B．It’s ready for mass production.
C．It’s ready for demonstration flights.
D．It’s being adapted to customer demands.
B　解析：细节理解题。本题问的是“EHang 216处于什么发展阶段？”。根据题干中的关键词the EHang 216定位到原文第三段第一句中的“The EHang 216, which can seat two passengers, has been tested comprehensively and is essentially ready for mass production”可知，正确答案为B。
6．What do we know about the EHang 216?
A．Its maximum load is 750 pounds.
B．It can carry two passengers.
C．It can fly for almost an hour.
D．It can travel over 70 kilometers.
B　解析：细节理解题。本题问的是“关于EHang 216 我们知道什么？”。由此可定位到原文第三段第一句中的“The EHang 216, which can seat two passengers”可知，正确答案为B。飞机本身重750磅，而不是飞机最大装载量是750磅，故A项错误；该飞机以每小时最多150千米的速度可以飞行大约半小时而非1个小时，故C项错误；该飞机根据装载量可以在50千米到70千米之间飞行，故D项错误。
7．What is a big barrier to a wider use of flying taxis?
A．Technical problems.
B．Objection of the government.
C．Lack of related rules.
D．Competition between aerospace companies.
C　解析：细节理解题。本题问的是“对于更广泛地使用飞行出租车的一个大的障碍是什么？”。根据题干中的关键词a big barrier定位到原文最后一段中的“What is stopping us from going into larger volumes(量) is regulation”可知，C项“Lack of related rules”的信息与此对应，由此可知正确答案为C。
【技巧点拨】　 间接类事实细节题考法　该类试题的选项不出现原文的直接信息，而是借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行适当变换。如本题文章中指出“飞行出租车”的一个大障碍是规则，即缺乏相关的规定。
8．How does the author introduce the EHang 216?
A．By comparing it with similar products.
B．By explaining how it works.
C．By providing specific data of it.
D．By demonstrating its multi­functions.
C　解析：推理判断题。本题问的是“作者是如何介绍EHang 216的？”。根据文中第三段的内容可知，作者是通过提供具体的载客量和飞行的具体距离和所需时长等数据来介绍EHang 216的，由此可知正确答案为C。
【难句分析】　The passenger capsule is small, with leg room that taller passengers might find less than adequate, an Austrian photographer who took part in a demonstration(演示) flight told Reuters.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导定语从句，先行词是leg room; who引导定语从句，先行词是an Austrian photographer。
译文：乘客舱非常小，个子高的乘客可能会发现上面带有的供腿脚活动的空间不太充足，一位参加了一次飞行演示的奥地利摄影师告诉路透社。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·辽宁五校联考)Two years ago, my friend and I were at college. With his birthday quickly __1__， he came to me with an unusual __2__： instead of receiving presents, he wanted to do some acts of kindness.
I was __3__ with such an idea. __4__ instead of taking for the birthday was really different. I asked him how he could come up with such a __5__ idea. He told me about a TED talk he had watched on generosity, which had __6__ him. So we started to __7__ creative things we could do.
Our university employed some security guards to __8__ its students. They have to work __9__， keeping watch on every corner throughout the university. For the most part it’s a thankless job as most people grow __10__ to seeing the guards all around and eventually __11__ notice their presence, let alone acknowledging their efforts. How could we show them our appreciation?
We decided to make a large pot of hot __12__. We hired a car and asked the driver to take us around the campus where we knew the __13__ would be and we poured them each a cup of hot chocolate. The driver was __14__ a bit doubtful about the entire plan but after a while he was helping us __15__ the guards and our lively spirit had __16__ to him as well. We met with many __17__ and appreciative words. It was amazing to see how a __18__ act or even an intention of generosity can lift everyone’s spirit.
I now realize that special energy is created when you choose to think bigger than yourself and act in __19__ of others. You’ll find it’s actually the greatest __20__ you’ve never got, especially when it’s your birthday.
【解题导语】　两年前，“我”和朋友在读大学的时候，朋友想在生日那天不收生日礼物，而是去做一些善事。后来，“我们”决定为学校的保安人员提供热巧克力。于是在租车司机的帮助下，“我们”给他们送去了慰问，并受到他们的称赞，“我们”的精神也感染了租车司机。通过这次经历“我”意识到服务他人能产生特殊的能量。
1．A.ending　　　　　　　　 B．passing
C．advancing D．approaching
D　解析：根据下文的“receiving presents”可推知，朋友的生日临近。故选D。
2．A.order B．request
C．problem D．story
B　解析：根据语境可知，因为朋友的生日要到了，他向“我”提出了一个不同寻常的请求。故选B。
3．A.struck B．blessed
C．burdened D．bored
A　解析：朋友过生日不想收礼物而想去做善事，所以“我”被他的想法所打动。be struck by/on/with sb./sth.意为“被某人(或某物)打动”，为固定用法，故选A。
4．A.Refusing B．Earning
C．Giving D．Donating
C　解析：根据空后的“instead of taking”并结合上文提到的朋友想在生日当天做善事可知，此处表示在生日时不是想获取而是要给予。故选C。
5．A.complex B．novel
C．familiar D．traditional
B　解析：根据上文中的“really different”可知，“我”对他的想法感到非常意外，因此“我”问他是怎样想到一个这么新奇的(novel)点子的。
6．A.controlled B．supported
C．inspired D．rewarded
C　解析：根据该句中的“a TED talk he had watched on generosity”并结合上文“我”问他怎样想到这个点子的可知，此处表示这个有关慷慨的TED演讲启发了(inspired)他。
7．A.plan out B．take over
C．watch for D．hold back
A　解析：根据文章第三段对“我们”的计划的叙述可知，这里表示“我们”开始筹划有创造性的事情。A项意为“筹划”，故选A。B项意为“接管”；C项意为“观察”；D项意为“阻挡，抑制”。
8．A.judge B．help
C．monitor D．protect
D　解析：根据空前的“security guards”并结合常识可知，学校雇保安人员是为了保护学生。
9．A.step by step B．around the clock
C．more or less D．now and then
B　解析：根据空后的“keeping watch on every corner throughout the university”并结合常识可知，校园的保安人员夜以继日地维护学校的安全。B项意为“夜以继日地”，故选B。A项意为“一步一步地”；C项意为“或多或少”；D项意为“有时”。
10．A.addicted B．devoted
C．attached D．accustomed
D　解析：根据上文中的“it’s a thankless job”及下文中的“let alone acknowledging their efforts”可知，通常这是一份受累不讨好的工作，因为保安人员在校园到处可以见到，大多数人对他们的存在变得习以为常，最终几乎注意不到他们的存在，更不用说去感谢他们的付出。grow accustomed to意为“习惯于……”，故选D。addicted“沉迷的”；devoted“全心全意的”；attached“依恋，附属于”。
11．A.barely B．just
C．always D．generally
A　解析：参见上题解析。barely意为“几乎没有”。
12．A.tea B．milk
C．porridge D．chocolate
D　解析：根据下文的“we poured them each a cup of hot chocolate”可知，这里表示“我们”决定制作一大壶热巧克力。故选D。
13．A.workers B．students
C．guards D．drivers
C　解析：根据下文的“the guards”可知，“我们”租了一辆车，让司机带“我们”到校园里可以遇到保安人员的地方。故选C。
14．A.finally B．initially
C．occasionally D．frequently
B　解析：根据该句中的“after a while he was helping us”可知，刚开始的时候，司机对“我们”的整个计划有些怀疑。B项意为“最初”，故选B。
15．A.remind B．track
C．spot D．recognize
C　解析：根据上文“我们”寻找保安人员可知，司机后来也帮助“我们”寻找保安人员。spot意为“发现”，故选C。
16．A.spread B．moved
C．happened D．returned
A　解析：根据上文司机也开始帮助“我们”寻找保安人员可知，“我们”的精神传递到了司机那里。故选A。
17．A.friends B．difficulties
C．greetings D．smiles
D　解析：根据空后的“appreciative words”可推知，很多人朝“我们”微笑，并夸赞“我们”。故选D。
18．A.similar B．small
C．daily D．modest
B　解析：根据该句中的“amazing”“even an intention of generosity”可推知，给保安人员送热巧克力这一小小的行为，或者即使是一种慷慨的意图，就可以让人精神振奋，这让“我们”惊讶不已。故选B。
19．A.service B．place
C．charge D．memory
A　解析：根据文章第二至第四段所描述的“我们”为保安人员送热巧克力的经过可知，“我”现在意识到，当你思考的范围不只局限于自身，并且选择为他人服务的时候，一种特殊的能量就产生了。故选A。
20．A.lesson B．attention
C．gift D．care
C　解析：根据该句中的“when it’s your birthday”并结合第一段叙述的朋友过生日不要生日礼物而想做善事可知，为他人服务所产生的能量实际上是你之前从未得到的最好的礼物。故选C。
Ⅲ.书面表达
(2020·昆明高考模拟)假定你是李华，你的英国网友Tom对你校的校园文化比较感兴趣，请你给他写一封电子邮件，推荐他关注你校的微信公众号(WeChat Official Account)，内容包括：
1.推荐理由；
2.内容简介(校园新闻、学生活动、特色课程等)。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
I am glad you are interested in our school culture. I want to recommend the school WeChat Official Account to you.
①Our WeChat is a timely and convenient way to know about our school culture.②The contents of it vary from weekly news to students’ activities, as well as special courses.③The news updated weekly can keep you track the current affairs, making it possible for you to learn about what’s going on in our school. Besides, the colorful students’ activities issued through our WeChat has gained great popularity. Furthermore，special courses including art, calligraphy etc. are introduced to show the characteristics of our school.
If you’d like to follow our WeChat, you would have a better understanding of our school culture.
Yours，
Li Hua
【一句多译】　
①It is timely and convenient to use our WeChat to know about our school culture.
②There are various contents there, including weekly news, students’ activities, as well as special courses.
③The news is updated weekly and can keep you track the current affairs, which makes it possible for you to learn about what’s going on in our school.