2021版高考英语（人教版）一轮复习学案：必修42Unit2　Workingtheland


一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．statistic n．　　　　　　
2．sunburnt adj. 晒黑的
3．super adj. 特级的；超级的
4．output n. 产量；输出
5．circulate vt.& vi. 循环；流传
6．occupation n. 工作；职业；占领
7．organic adj.　　
8．industrial adj. 工业的；产业的
9．fertilizer n. 肥料；化肥
10．bacteria n．(bacterium的复数形式)
细菌
11．summary n. 总结；摘要；概要
12．grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒
13．mineral n. 矿物；矿石
14．skim vt. 浏览；略读
15．underline vt. 画底线标出；强调
16．nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物
17．pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟
18．producer n. 生产者；制片人
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．decade n. 十年；十年期
2．soil n. 土壤
3．regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜
n. 遗憾；懊悔
4．comment n. 评论；议论
vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论
5．focus n. 焦点；中心点
vt. 集中；聚焦
6．therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而
7．reduce vt. 减少；减缩
8．struggle vi.& n. 斗争；拼搏；努力
9．expand vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展
10．battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争
vt.& vi. 搏斗；奋斗
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．hunger n．饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望得到的
2．export vt.& vi.输出；出口→import vt.& vi.(反义词) 输入；进口
3．discover vt.发现；发觉→discovery n．发现；发觉→discoverer n．发现者
4．equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数)
5．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusion n．迷惑；困惑→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的
6．nation n．国家；民族→national adj.民族的→nationality n．国籍
7．disturb v．打扰；妨碍；使不安→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.烦恼的；不安的
8．free adj.自由的→freedom n．自由；自主

1.“因此”家族
①therefore adv.
②so conj.
③thus adv.
④consequently adv.
⑤as a result
2.“扩展”动词知多少
①expand　　　　 使变大；伸展
②extend 延伸；扩展
③spread 展开；传播
④enlarge 扩大；扩展
⑤broaden 使变宽
3.加后缀­ment构成的名词面面观
①equip→equipment　　　　　 装备
②develop→development 发展
③move→movement 移动
④establish→establishment 建立
⑤employ→employment 雇用
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．thanks__to　　　　　　　 幸亏；由于；因为
2．rid...of 使……摆脱或除去
3．be__satisfied__with 对……感到满意
4．would__rather 宁愿；宁可
5．build__up　　　　　　　　 逐渐增强；建立；开发
6．lead__to 导致；造成(后果)
7．focus__on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
8．be__rich__in 盛产
9．keep...free__from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；
使……不含(有害物)
10．in__addition 另外；此外

1.“此外”知多少
①in addition 　　　 　　 另外；此外
②what’s more 而且
③as well 也；还
④besides 况且；此外
⑤moreover 而且；此外
2.“富含”短语荟萃
①be rich in 盛产；富含
②be abundant in 富于……
③be high in 富含
3.“be＋adj.＋with”高频短语集锦
①be satisfied with　　　　 对……感到满意
②be content with 对……满意
③be pleased with 对……满意
④be familiar with 对……熟悉
⑤be bored with 对……厌烦
⑥be busy with 忙于……
⑦be popular with 受……欢迎
⑧be patient with 对……有耐心
⑨be strict with 对……严格要求
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：if条件状语从句的省略形式
If__so,__what did you do to grow them？
如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？
句型2：the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth.
In 1973, he became the__first__agricultural__pioneer in the world to__grow__rice that has a high output.　1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。
句型3：“make it＋adj.＋to do”结构
This special strain of rice makes__it__possible__to__produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.　这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。
句型4：would rather do sth.宁愿做某事　
He would__much__rather__keep__time__for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2018·江苏卷书面表达)It may influence consumers’ trust in media and disturb(打扰；妨碍) the market order.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达 )On behalf of all our team members, I am writing to invite you to join us in the battle(战斗，战役)!
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Last but not least, I once worked as a volunteer for World Expo 2010 Shanghai, and therefore(因此) I have accumulated much experience.
4．Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the focus(焦点) of attention.
5．Curiosity is important because it leads to discovery(discover) or invention.
6．Miss Li went through my composition and made some useful comments(comment) about it.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption.化肥；肥料
2．(2018·北京卷七选五)The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发) events, personality traits(特征), and our assessment of situations.个性；性格
3．(全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren.统计数据
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)
2．He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)
3．The discoverer of electricity was Franklin；like many discoveries,__it benefits us greatly.(discover)
4．Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly, which made us rather disturbed．(disturb)
5．As long as national types are not taken too seriously, it’s fun trying to guess a person’s nationality from their personality.(nation)
6．Owing to the great hunger,__a great number of hungry children died.(hungry)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
in addition; thanks to; be equipped with; free from; rid...of; lead to
In the 1970s, our country was so poor that some people even didn’t have enough to eat. Though the peasants were enthusiastic in working the land, they 1.were poorly equipped__with farming facilities, 2.leading__to the poor grain output. In order to 3.rid people of hunger, the government launched a battle against poverty, aiming to increase the agricultural production by developing science and technology of farming. 4.Thanks__to the efforts of the government, many people made up their minds to do research into agriculture. Yuan Longping became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output in 1973. 5.In__addition,__he insists that we should make full use of new energy to keep our environment 6.free__from pollution. Yuan Longping has made such a great contribution to mankind that he is respected and admired by people all over the world. He was awarded Medals of the Republic by Chairman Xi Jinping on September 29th, 2019.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．你赞同我推迟我们去云南的旅行吗？如果赞同，请尽快回信告诉我。
Do you agree that I will put our visit to Yunnan off? If__so,__write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)重要的是，老人是第一个品尝餐桌上美食的人，因为在中国，老人很受尊重。
Most importantly, the elderly are the__first__to__taste__the__delicious__food because they are well respected in China.
3．你的微笑是使得你结识新人的最强大的工具之一。
Your smile is one of the strongest tools that make__it__possible__for__you__to__meet new people.
4．现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。
Nowadays more and more people would__rather__not__live__in__big__cities．

struggle　vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①We have to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)In the short film, you can learn that my school has been struggling for a better future.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)Mary had struggled to find a job for months, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
(高级表达)Having__struggled__to__find__a__job__for__months,__Mary finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(分词作状语)

struggle to do sth.　　　 努力做某事，挣扎着做某事
struggle for... 为……而斗争，与……作斗争
struggle with/against... 同……搏斗
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来　
[佳句背诵] Some farmers would like to leave their hometown and go to work in cities, struggling to provide better education for their children.
一些农民想离开家乡到城市工作，努力为他们的孩子提供更好的教育。
equip　vt.& vi.配备；装备
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to__speak(speak)．
②We want our son to have a good education that will equip him for future life.
③If it were not the modern equipment(equip), such experiments would not be performed.
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)He is equipped with much experience in teaching, so he is well respected by all his students.
④(高级表达)Equipped__with__much__experience__in__teaching,__he is well respected by all his students.(过去分词作状语)
⑤(高级表达)Equipping__himself__with__much__experience__in__teaching,__he is well respected by all his students.(现在分词作状语)

(1)equip...with...　　　　 用……装备……
be equipped with 装备着……
equip...for sth./to do sth.
为了某事/做某事而装备……
(2)equipment n. [U] 装备；设备　
[佳句背诵] As our new stadium is equipped with advanced facilities, we have organized a variety of events in it.
因为新体育馆装备先进的设施， 我们已在体育场举办了各种各样的赛事。(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
[名师点津]
(1)过去分词短语equipped with...常用作状语。
(2)牢记equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
confuse　vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I would often get confused(confuse) when I came across new words with a similar spelling.
②I always confuse John with his brother; they are so much alike.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我对中国的餐桌礼仪非常困惑， 如果你给我一些在晚宴上如何做到行为得体的建议，我将感激不尽。
I am__quite__confused__by__Chinese__table__manners. I’d appreciate it if you could give me some tips on how to behave properly at a dinner party.

confuse...with/and... 混淆；辨别不清
be confused by 被……弄混；糊涂
confused adj. 困惑的；烦恼的
confusing adj. 令人费解的；使人困惑的
confusion n. 困惑　
[佳句背诵] For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.　例如，有大量的参考书，我经常会因为选择而感到困惑。(2018·江苏卷书面表达)
regret　v．可惜；后悔；遗憾；惋惜　n．遗憾；懊悔
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Li Ping did not regret giving/having__given(give) the comment but felt that she could have expressed it differently.
②We regret to__inform(inform) you that your application has not been successful.
[能力提升]——一句多译
很遗憾地告诉你，我不能在约定的时间陪你去北京了。
③I__regret__to__tell__you that I can’t accompany you to Beijing at the appointed time.(regret vt.)
④Much__to__my__regret/To__my__great__regret,__I can’t accompany you to Beijing at the appointed time.(regret n．)

(1)regret 后悔做了某事
regret to say/tell/inform...that...
遗憾地说/告知……
(2)with great regret 非常遗憾
to one’s regret 令某人抱歉/遗憾的是　
[佳句背诵] It is with great regret that I say goodbye to you, but I never regret having spent such a good time with you.　和你分别我感到非常遗憾， 但我不后悔与你共度了如此美好的时光。
focus　vt.集中；聚集　n．焦点；中心点
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①To lead a happy life in the future, you should focus more on/upon your career while you are young.
②With his attention focused(focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.
③With so many people focusing(focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。
It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the__focus__of__families,__shouldering the hope of their parents.

(1)focus on/upon... 集中于……
focus one’s attention/eyes/energy on...
集中注意力/目光/精力于……
(2)the focus of attention/concern
注意力/关注的焦点　
[佳句背诵] Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.　除非你能睡得好，否则一两个晚上后你就失去集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性的能力。(2018·江苏卷)
reduce　vt.减少；减缩
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of by car to__reduce(reduce) air pollution.
②With great effort, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 7 days.
③It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊你的感受。
One__of__the__most__effective__ways__to__reduce__stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust.

reduce...by...　　　 把……减少了……
reduce...to... 把……减少到……；
把……变为……
be reduced to 陷入某种境地(to为介词)　
[佳句背诵] It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood.
结果证明看绿色的、生长的东西可以减少压力，降低血压，使人们的心情变得更好。(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
build up　逐渐增强；增强……的体质；建立；创办；开发；聚集；积累
[一词多义]——写出下列句中build up的含义
①To learn a language well you must build up a useful vocabulary.积累
②His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.逐渐增强
③You ought to take more sports after school so as to build up your strength.增强……的体质
④Therefore, let’s take the responsibility to build up a low­carbon city by riding bicycles.建立；创办

pick up　　　　 捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；搭载
take up 拿起；开始；从事；占据
make up 虚构；弥补；组成
break up 关系破裂；分手；放假　
[佳句背诵] Taking an active part in sports and outdoor activities are really helpful to build up our body and enrich our school life.
积极参加体育和户外活动确实有助于强身健体和丰富我们的学校生活。
lead to　导致；造成(后果)；通向……
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The discovery of new evidence led to the thief’s being__caught(catch)．
②In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to__practice(practice) speaking English in an interesting way.
[能力提升]——一句多译
众所周知，成功在于努力，而懒惰导致失败。
③As we all know, success lies in hard work while__laziness__leads__to__failure．(lead)
④As we all know, success lies in hard work while__laziness__results__in__failure．(result)

lead sb.to do sth.　　　　 使某人做某事
lead/live a...life 过……样的生活
lead the way 引路；带路　
[佳句背诵] As the old saying goes, “All roads lead to Rome.”
俗话说：“条条大路通罗马。”
[名师点津] (1)lead to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或v.­ing形式。
(2)表示“导致”的短语还有：result in, contribute to, bring about, account for等。

if条件状语从句的省略形式
(教材P9)If so, what did you do to grow them?
如果这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？
[基础练习]——用右栏句式填空
①If__possible,__try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
②If we can do that, we can keep up with the times. But if__not,__we would always fall behind.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我是李华， 我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱们一起参加我校的音乐节吧。
I’m Li Hua. I’m wondering if you are available at the weekend. If__so,__let’s__attend the music festival of my school.

if ever　　　　　　　 如果有过/发生过的话
if any 如果有的话
if possible 如果有可能
if necessary 如果有必要　
[佳句背诵] Would you like to join our school table tennis team？If so, please email me as soon as possible.
你愿意加入我们校乒乓球队吗？如果愿意，请尽快给我发邮件。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
would rather do sth.宁愿做某事
(教材P10)He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She would rather you came(come) tomorrow than today.
②I stayed at home last night, but I’d rather I had__gone(go) to the theatre with my friends.
[能力提升]——一句多译
为了过低碳生活，一些人宁愿坐公交也不愿开车去上班。
③To live a low­carbon life, some people would__rather__take__the__bus__than__drive__a__car to work.
④In order to live a low­carbon life, some people would__take__the__bus__rather__than__drive__a__car to work.
⑤Some people prefer__to__take__the__bus__rather__than__drive__a__car to work so that they can live a low­carbon life.

(1)
(2)would rather＋从句
　
[佳句背诵] I would rather stay at home at the weekend, reading some English novels.
周末我宁愿待在家里看一些英文小说。
[名师点津] 牢记I’d rather that...要用虚拟语气！　

Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2019·江苏卷)This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment(equip) and internet facilities.
2．They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused(focus), and lead to relaxation.
3．Having__struggled(struggle) for many years, he was finally admitted to a key university.
4．She was so hungry(hunger) for success that she’d do anything to achieve it.
5．In the last decade, the project has__expanded(expand) its welfare to support 12，000 poor students.
6．If you stay under the strong sunlight for a long time without any protection，your skin will get sunburnt(sunburn)．
7．The two scientists both made the same discovery(discover) independently, at almost the same time.
8．The prize provided her with forever freedom(free) to continue her genetic research without repeatedly asking for financial aid.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．What a pity! I’d rather I had__followed(follow) my teacher’s advice yesterday.
2．The increasing use of foreign words may lead to people forgetting(forget) the good qualities of traditional Chinese.
3．I’d appreciate it if you could make helpful comments on/about my work.
4．(北京卷)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.
5．In recent years, Mrs. Brown has focused on using her Weibo to encourage those who want to follow her example.
Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．We should take measures to improve that is called the quality of living.that→what
2．He often tells me that learn a foreign language is very useful to me.learn→learning
3．(2020·广东七校第二次联考)I like travelling and my dream of visit Beijing, the capital city of our country，came true during the National Day holidays this year.visit→visiting
4．Now the young man regrets waste so much time when he was at school.waste→wasting
5．Nowadays everyone is responsible for build up a harmonious society in China.build→building
Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．(2019·天津卷)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.n.斗争；拼搏
2．(北京卷)To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.n.渴望
3．The report underlines the importance of pre­school education.vt.强调

提能一　语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
I would rather make 1.comments(comment) on the situation of the Africa. I regret 2.to__say(say) that most people there struggle 3.against/with natural disasters and lead a miserable life for lack of nutrition. Luckily, they focus 4.on learning advanced technology from developed countries and build up the food supply. If 5.so,__I hold the firm belief that all these measures will lead 6.to a great improvement in their life.
(二)
John was a farmer.For decades, he 1.had__been__struggling(struggle) to rid his family of hunger.One day, when 2.skimming(skim) through a newspaper, John read a comment on Yuan Longping.He focused on his 3.discovery(discover) and the statistics of his research. He found the knowledge Yuan circulated very 4.practical(practice)．Therefore, he made a summary and began to build 5.up a new farming method.He planted super grain of rich nutrition and equipped 6.himself(he) to keep his crops roots free 7.from bacteria and pests. He also enriched minerals in the soil while reducing chemical fertilizers. 8.Thanks(thank) to Yuan Longping, he not only won the battle against hunger, but he could also export his crops abroad.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，最近从报刊上了解到袁隆平海水稻研究的成功后，写了一篇英语短文发表在校报上。要点如下：①袁隆平生于1930年，1953年大学毕业；②成功研发杂交水稻，在2017年研究海水稻，超级水稻创下新纪录；③你的感想。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①被誉为中国“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平，一生致力于使世界摆脱饥饿。
Yuan Longping, known as China’s “father of hybrid rice”， devotes__his__life__to__ridding__the__world__of__hunger．
②他生于1930年，于1953年大学毕业，那时饥饿对于农村许多人而言是个令人苦恼的问题。
He was born in 1930 and graduated from college in 1953. At that time hunger__was__a__disturbing__problem__for__many__people in the countryside.
③自此以后，他努力研发高产水稻，这帮助农民比以前增收两倍。
Since then, he has struggled__to__develop__rice__that__has__a__high__output,__which helps farmers produce__harvests__twice__as__large__as__before．
④2017年，他的超级水稻创下新纪录，而且他的海洋水稻研究证明是个极大的成功。
In 2017, his super rice set a new record and his__research__on__sea__rice__proved__to__be__a__great__success．
⑤尽管袁隆平对自己的生活很满意，但他宁愿专注于自己的爱好而不在乎出名或金钱。
Though Yuan Longping is__quite__satisfied__with__his__life,__he would__rather__focus__on__his__hobbies__than__care__about__being__famous__or__money．
⑥从他身上，我意识到为我们的目标而努力，才能促使成功。(动名词作主语)
From him, I realize that struggling__for__our__aims__can__lead__to__success．
2．升级平淡句
⑦用定语从句升级句②
He__was__born__in__1930__and__graduated__from__college__in__1953,__when__hunger__was__a__disturbing__problem__for__many__people__in__the__countryside.
⑧用though倒装句升级句⑤
Quite__satisfied__though__Yuan__Longping__is__with__his__life,__he__would__rather__focus__on__his__hobbies__than__care__about__being__famous__or__money.
3．衔接成美文
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One possible version：
Yuan Longping, known as China’s “father of hybrid rice”， devotes his life to ridding the world of hunger.
He was born in 1930 and graduated from college in 1953, when hunger was a disturbing problem for many people in the countryside. Since then, he has struggled to develop rice that has a high output, which helps farmers produce harvests twice as large as before. In 2017, his super rice set a new record and his research on sea rice proved to be a great success. Quite satisfied though Yuan Longping is with his life, he would rather focus on his hobbies than care about being famous or money.
From him, I realize that struggling for our aims can lead to success.

(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·沈阳高三质监)China is a large producer and consumer of rice. But, as a result of climate change, the amount of land available for rice growing in the country is shrinking. The concern has motivated scientists led by Yuan Longping，known as “the father of hybrid rice”， to look for new ways of growing the grain.
Now they’re celebrating successful efforts to grow rice—in sand and seawater. Rice is traditionally grown in soil and fresh water. Starting from January, according to the official Xinhua News Agency, the scientists have grown dozens of varieties of rice in the deserts of Dubai. They experimented with seawater because it is easier to obtain in the desert than fresh water.
China is not the only country facing the issue of overly salty soil. Around the world, there are around 2.35 billion acres of highly saline(含盐的) land. And the number is increasing because of rising sea levels and climate change.
“Probably only a small part of the world’s saline land could be brought into production with seawater rice，but that would still have a very important effect on food security，” Even R. Pay, a senior analyst, said.
Yuan told Xinhua that one of the varieties of rice grown in Dubai produced over three tons, per acre, which Yuan said was beyond expectations.
Rice is the basic food in many parts of the world. About 90% of rice consumption is from Asia, but demand in Africa and Latin America is on the rise.
A climate change researcher said the successful experiment could potentially benefit many countries. “This is a fantastic development, which is likely to have a good effect on agricultural resource and water­poor countries, particularly in North Africa region.”
Even though the cost of growing salt­tolerant rice is still high，it will also have strategic value once it’s commercialized.
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了在“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平带领下的科学家们进行了在沙子和海水中种植水稻的试验。
1．What has caused the scientists to find new ways of growing rice?
A．The increase of rice consumers.
B．The high cost of rice producing.
C．The land shortage of rice growing.
D．The severe pollution of fresh water.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But, as a result of climate change...to look for new ways of growing the grain.”可知，适合种植水稻的土地短缺促使科学家们去寻找种植水稻的新方法。
2．Yuan’s team have successfully grown rice in sand and seawater in ________．
A．China B．Dubai
C．Latin America D．North Africa
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Starting from January...have grown dozens of varieties of rice in the deserts of Dubai.”和第五段中的“one of the varieties of rice grown in Dubai”可知，Yuan的团队在迪拜成功地在沙子和海水中种植了水稻。
3．What can be inferred from the text?
A．About 90% of the rice is demanded and consumed in China.
B．The production of a new type of rice is larger than expected.
C．The increase of saline land is mainly caused by climate change.
D．Seawater is used in the experiment because it is cheaper to gain.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“one of the varieties of rice grown in Dubai produced over three tons, per acre, which Yuan said was beyond expectations”可知，其中一种在迪拜种植的水稻产量为每英亩三吨多，这超出了人们的预料，故选B。
4．What is the author’s attitude to the rice­growing experiment?
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Critical. D．Disappointed.
B　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段“Even though the cost of growing salt­tolerant rice is still high, it will also have strategic value once it’s commercialized.”可推知，作者对这种水稻种植的试验持乐观的态度。
B
(2020·重庆一中高三月考)A large­scale study has found a link between eating a diet based on organic food and having a reduced risk of cancer. If the new results are confirmed, promoting organic food consumption could be a promising preventative strategy against diseases, a team of researchers from several French institutions said.
Among the environmental risks for cancer, there are growing concerns about exposure to different types of pesticides(杀虫剂) from farming. The impact of such chemicals on the human body is still not well understood, but there are some indications that harmful effects can occur even at low concentrations.
Meanwhile, pushed by environment and health concerns, the organic food market continues to grow rapidly. Organic food is produced without the use of synthetic(合成的) fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified organisms and veterinary(兽医的) medications.
“Organic foods are less likely to contain pesticide remains than conventional foods, and studies have shown that an organic diet reduces exposure to certain pesticides，” Julia Baudry, lead author of the study from the Centre of Research in Epidemiology(流行病学) and Statistics in France, told Newsweek.
“In the general population, the primary route of exposure is the diet, especially intake of conventionally grown fruits and vegetables. However, few studies have examined the association between organic food consumption and cancer risk.”
For the study, published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine, a team of researchers examined data on the organic food consumption frequency and dietary intake of 68，946 French adults collected by an ongoing survey which began in 2009. They then followed up these people at various points in the future.
Participants reported how often (never, occasionally or most of the time) they consumed 16 types of organic foods including fruits, vegetables, soy­based products, dairy products, meat and fish, eggs, grain and legumes, bread and cereals, flour, vegetable oils and condiments, ready­to­eat meals, coffee, tea and herbal tea, wine, biscuits, chocolate, sugar and so on.
【解题导语】　一项研究发现，食用有机食品与降低患癌风险之间存在联系。如果新的研究结果被证实的话，提倡食用有机食品是一种很有发展前景的预防疾病的策略。
5．What is the finding of the study?
A．Processed food consumption may lead to an increased risk of cancer.
B．Promoting organic food consumption may help to prevent diseases.　
C．Organic food consumption can help cure cancer in a short time.
D．Eating a diet based on organic food may lead to the risk of cancer.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“If the new results are confirmed, promoting organic food consumption could be a promising preventative strategy against diseases...”可知，该研究发现食用有机食品可能会帮助人们预防疾病。故选B项。
6．Why is organic food becoming popular nowadays?
A．Organic food never contains harmful chemicals.
B．Organic food market continues to grow rapidly.
C．People care about environment and health issues.
D．Organic food is produced in a clean environment.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Meanwhile, pushed by environment and health concerns, the organic food market continues to grow rapidly.”可知，现在有机食品流行是因为人们关注环境与健康问题。故选C项。
7．Which of the following is the advantage of organic food?
A．Organic food never contains harmful pesticide remains.
B．Organic food is less likely to be exposed to some pesticides.
C．Different types of pesticides won’t affect organic food.
D．Organic food won’t be influenced by outside environment.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Organic foods are less likely to contain pesticide remains than conventional foods, and studies have shown that an organic diet reduces exposure to certain pesticides”可知，有机食品含有杀虫剂残留物的可能性低于传统食品，研究还表明有机食品可降低受某些杀虫剂影响的程度。故选B项。
8．What might the article go on describing after the last paragraph?
A．The researching process of the study.
B．The disadvantages of organic food.
C．The bright future of organic food.
D．Other researches on organic food.
A　解析：推理判断题。最后一段介绍了研究的参与者报告他们食用16种不同类型的有机食品的频率，下一步应该是对实验数据进行研究，即实验的研究过程。A项意为“这项研究的研究过程”；B项意为“有机食品的缺点”；C项意为“有机食品光明的未来”；D项意为“其他关于有机食品的研究”。故选A项。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·安徽重点中学模拟)
Making Your Way Through the Lunchroom
What’s everyone’s favorite period? Lunch, what else? 1.________， if foods like pizza, or cheeseburgers(奶酪汉堡) are in front of you when you’re most hungry. Here are some tricks to choose foods that will keep you focused and active throughout the day.
2．________. If your school cafeteria provides a weekly or monthly menu, check it out. Knowing what’s on the menu puts you in control. You can pick and choose when you want to buy lunch and when you want to bring your own.
Head for the salad bar. 3.________. If you’d rather pack, consider adding carrot sticks, a piece of fresh fruit, or purple cabbage to your lunch bag.Do remember not to put too much salad dressing.
Take the energy into consideration. Some foods are better choices than others for obtaining energy during the day. Choose low­fat foods, like chicken, beans, or low­fat milk products and add lots of fruits and vegetables to your meal. 4.________. Foods, like sugary snacks(小吃) or French fries, may give you a quick rush of energy but it’s not lasting—which means you’ll be left wanting more soon after you eat.
Stop for a snack. You can’t concentrate without a well­fed mind and body. So take along a healthy snack, like carrot sticks, to fight hunger between classes. 5.________．
A．Get a copy of the menu
B．Make a menu for your school cafeteria
C．But it can be hard to make healthy choices
D．If your school offers one, take advantage of it
E．You may take away whatever you get interested in
F．It will keep you going and help avoid overeating when mealtime arrives
G．They’ll provide the minerals you need and the energy to get through the day
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，作者就如何在学校选择合适的食物提出了建议。
1．C　解析：根据下文的“Here are some tricks to choose foods that will keep...the day.”可知，之所以作者给读者提出建议，是因为这些食物如果摆在饥饿的读者面前，读者很难作出健康的选择，因此选C项。
2．A　解析：后一句中作者建议查看学校餐厅提供的每周或每月的菜单，这样有助于提前作出决定，因此这里指得到一份菜单，故选A项。虽然B项也提到菜单，但是“你给学校餐厅提供菜单”不符合实际情况和语境。
3．D　解析：本段的主题句是“Head for the salad bar.”，D项正是建议你利用学校的沙拉售货台。故选D项。
4．G　解析：本段的主题句说明了选择食物时要考虑食物所能提供的能量。前一句表明“选择低脂肪的食物，如鸡肉、豆类或低脂奶制品，并在食物中加入大量的水果和蔬菜”，G项中的They指的是上文提到的这些食物，同时也阐述了这些食物含有身体需要的矿物质和能量。
5．F　解析：由上文的“take along a healthy snack...to fight hunger between classes”可知，吃一些健康的零食能够缓解饥饿，补充体力，F项中的“It”指代前面的“a healthy snack”，因此F项符合此处语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·太原阶段测评)In the past few years, more than half of bookstores in China have closed down, 1.____________ is the result of the 2.____________(compete) with online bookstores. But the success of Sisyphe Bookstore, one of the 3.____________(big) privately­owned bookstore chains in China, may serve 4.____________ a great example.
5．____________(found) in 1993, Sisyphe started to transform and upgrade its business in 2009 to seek its profitability. Now, it not only devotes itself to 6.____________(sell) books, but combines the functions of the bookstore, cafe and the sale of 7.____________(create) cultural products. Sisyphe opens its bookstores in shopping malls in order to take advantage of the large number of consumers of shopping malls to sell its books, and it also 8.____________(able) people to enjoy spending time reading and drinking coffee. In return, bookstores have improved the cultural atmosphere of shopping malls, so 9.____________ is mutually beneficial to have such cooperation.
So far, the government 10.____________(offer) tax reduction for bookstores to encourage the development of physical bookstores. Perhaps it is early to say the boom of physical bookstores has come, but definitely, we see the turning point to them.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国实体书店的现状及西西弗书店的发展历程。
1．which　解析：考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，所以用which引导该从句。
2．competition　解析：考查词性转换。根据语境以及空前的定冠词“the”可推知，此处应用compete的名词形式competition，表示“竞争”。
3．biggest　解析：考查形容词最高级。根据空前的“one of the”和空后的“bookstore chains in China”及语境可推知，此处应用big的最高级形式。
4．as　解析：考查固定用法。serve as“适合作……用”为固定用法，此处表示西西弗书店是一个很好的例子。
5．Founded　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，found与其逻辑主语Sisyphe之间为动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式。
6．selling　解析：考查非谓语动词。devote onself to sth.“致力于某事”中的to为介词，介词后面应接动名词形式，故填selling。
7．creative　解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词应用形容词，故用creative修饰其后的“cultural products”，表示“创造性的文化产品”。
8．enables　解析：考查动词的时态、主谓一致及词性转换。它也使人们能够享受阅读和饮用咖啡的时光。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处需要谓语动词；根据上文中的“opens”可知，此处应用一般现在时，且空前的主语“it”是第三人称单数，所以填enables。
9．it　解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处动词不定式为真正的主语，故用代词it作形式主语。
10．has offered　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。so far为现在完成时的标志，且根据语境可知，offer与其主语the government为主动关系，所以此处应填has offered。