2021版高考英语（人教版）一轮复习学案：选修65Unit5　Thepowerofnature


一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．diagram n. 　　　　　　　 图解；图表；示意图
2．volcano n. 火山
3．questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表
4．database n. 数据库；资料库
5．boot n. 靴子
6．arouse vt.　 激发；唤醒
7．thunderstorm n. 雷暴
8．fountain vi.& vt. 泉水般地喷出或涌出
n. 喷泉；源泉
9．document n. 文件；证件
10．rainbow n. 彩虹
11．balcony n. 　　 阳台
12．candidate n. 候选人；候补者
13．spaceman n. 宇航员；航天专家
14．peak n. 山峰；顶峰
15．sample n. 样品；样本
16．persuasion n. 信服；说服
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．wave n. 波浪；波涛
vi. 波动；起伏；挥手
2．bathe vi. 洗澡；游泳
3．potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能
adj. 可能的；潜在的
4．threat n. 恐吓；威胁
5．precious adj. 贵重的；珍贵的
6．tremble vi. 摇晃；摇动；颤抖
7．sweat n. 汗
vi. 出汗
8．guarantee vt. 保证；担保
9．panic vi.& vt. 惊慌
n. 惊慌；恐慌
10．shoot vt. 射中；射伤
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．equip v．配备；装备→equipment n．设备；装备
2．appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命；约定
3．evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计→evaluation n．评估
4．absolute adj.绝对的；完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地
5．suit n．一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜→suitable adj.适当的；相配的
6．erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
7．actual adj.实在的；实际的→actually adv.实际地
8．novel n．小说 adj.新奇的→novelist n．小说家
9．conscious adj.有知觉的；有意识的→unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的
10．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的→anxiously adv.不安地→anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望
11．appreciate vt.欣赏；感激→appreciation n．欣赏；感谢
12．fog n．雾；烟雾→foggy adj.有雾的；模糊的
13．comfort vt.使安慰→comfortable adj.合适的；舒适的→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的
14．diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的→diversity n．多种多样；多样性

1.“惊慌，恐慌”家族
①panic vi.& vt. 惊慌
n. 惊慌；恐慌
②alarm vt. 使惊慌
n. 惊恐，警报，警报器
③scare v. 使惊恐，受惊吓
n. 惊恐，惊吓
④frighten vt.& vi. (使)惊恐
⑤terrify vt. 使恐怖，使惊吓，恐吓
2.后缀－ment名词小结
①equipment　　　 设备；装备
②appointment　 任命；约定
③announcement　 通知；通告
④achievement 功绩；成就
⑤punishment　 惩罚
⑥treatment　 对待；治疗
3.含“－ist(人)”词根的单词
①novel→novelist　　　　　 小说家
②dent→dentist 牙医
③capital→capitalist 资本主义者
④reception→receptionist 接待员
⑤physics→physicist 物理学家
⑥volcanology→volcanologist 火山学家
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．burn__to__the__ground　　　　　 全部焚毁
2．make__one’s__way　 前往
3．glance__through　 匆匆看一遍
4．vary__from...to...　 由……到……不等
5．have__a__gift__for　 有……的天赋
6．be__home__to　 是……的栖息地
7．be__compared__with　 与……相比
8．in__the__distance　 在远处
9．be__about__to__do__sth.　 即将做某事
10．take__notice　 留意；注意


1.“take ＋n.”相关短语面面观
①take notice　 　 留意；注意
②take effect　　 生效；起作用
③take charge　　 开始管理；接管
④take exercise　　 锻炼
⑤take pains　　 努力；尽力；下苦功夫
⑥take photos 拍照
⑦take steps　　 采取措施
2.“have a(n)＋n.＋ for”短语集锦
①have a gift for　　　 有……的天赋
②have a preference for　　 偏爱
③have a desire for　　 想要；渴望
④have a nose for　　 对……敏感
⑤have a taste for　　 对……有兴趣
⑥have a fancy for　　 喜欢；迷恋
⑦have a chance for　　 有……的机会
3.“看”不同的短语集合
①glance through 　 匆匆看一遍
②glance at　　 匆匆一瞥
③look around　　 环视四周
④look through　　 仔细检查
⑤stare at　　 凝视；盯着看
⑥glare at　　 怒视；瞪眼看
⑦spy on　　 偷窥；监视
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：“having done sth.”是现在分词的完成式作状语
Having__collected__and__evaluated__the__information,__I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.　收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。
句型2：be about to do...when...正要……这时……
I was__about__to__go__back__to__sleep__when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.　我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
句型3：独立主格结构作原因状语
The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this__being__my__first__experience,__I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两个人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
句型4：It is said that...据说……
It__is__said__that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。

二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．Waving(挥手) goodbye to them on the platform, I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.
2．I would appreciate it very much if you could give us some precious(宝贵的) advice on how to improve our online English school.
3．Only when one is in good health can he guarantee(保证) efficient learning.
4．Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to develop their greatest potential(潜力)．
5．It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated(评价) in terms of overall qualities.
6．This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable(适合的) for the students who come from the countryside.
7．The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing(bathe) the mountain in golden light.
8．Cycling is an absolutely(absolute) energy－saving means of transportation.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·浙江卷6月阅读C)McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.记录；记载
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ七选五)More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires，etc. 评估
3．(浙江卷阅读B)Below are the search results from a university library’s database.数据库；资料库
4．(江苏卷)It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek supports. 候选人
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Choose a pair of shoes that suits you best, and we’ll cycle to a suitable place for a picnic. (suit)
2．Chinese－American novelist Gish Jen covers great many a topic in her novels,__such as culture, race, and immigrants etc. (novel)
3．He was appointed as manager of the company. But to everyone’s surprise, he didn’t accept the appointment. (appoint)
4．He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety. (anxious)
5．Among all the people we should appreciate,__our parents are the ones who deserve our appreciation most. (appreciate)
6．Do you want to evaluate your intelligence？Just complete the evaluation from below, please. (evaluate)
7．Tom was badly hurt and still unconscious after the accident, but his wife was conscious and was smiling to us consciously. (conscious)
8．People from diverse cultures hold different understanding on the play and this diversity of opinions makes it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting. (diverse)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
be anxious about; make one’s way to; vary from...to...; glance through; get sb. into panic
There are a variety of disasters in the world, 1.varying__from floods to earthquakes. Every time a big disaster happens, it will 2.get people into__panic and what people 3.are__anxious__about is just how to struggle to live. Some even have no time to 4.glance__through their belongings before they are killed. But others who are lucky are to fight against the disasters until the end.
For the survivors, although they are guaranteed the safety of their lives by the rescue team, they also desire to 5.make__their__way__to the place where they are most needed. To the survivors’ relief, a great number of rescue teams are appointed to rescue people’s lives and property in the disaster－hit areas immediately the disasters occur.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．已经意识到保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少污染。
Having__realized__the__importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the pollution.
2．由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。
Tom__having__been__late again and again, his boss was very disappointed.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)据说这部英文短片主要与我们学校的发展有关。
It__is__said__that the short English film is mainly related to the development of our school.
4．我正要上床睡觉这时电话响了。
I was__about__to__go__to__bed__when the telephone rang.

appoint　vt.约定；指定(时间、地点等)；任命；委派
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①You can put the books in the appointed(appoint) place，and other participants can have free access to them.
②(2018·北京卷)Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment(appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)He was__appointed__as__headmaster(被任命为校长) of the school. He spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.
④(高级表达)Appointed__as__headmaster__of__the__school,__he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality. (分词作状语)

(1)appoint sb.as/to be... 　 　 任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事　
(2)appointment n. 　　　　　　 任命；约会
make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
keep an appointment 守约
break an appointment 违约
[佳句背诵] I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
我被任命负责安排那天的所有活动。
suit　n．一套外衣；套装　vt.适合；使适宜
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.
②(2018·天津卷书面表达)You have just won the first prize in the Robotics Competition. Therefore, you are the most suitable(suit) person.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)因为我精通英语，所以我的确认为我适合这项志愿者工作。
③I do believe I am__suitable__for/am__fit__for this voluntary work, because I have a good knowledge of English.
④I do believe this voluntary work suits__me,__because I have a good knowledge of English.

(1)a suit of 　　　　　　　　 一套……
suit...to... 使……适合……
(2)suitable adj. 适当的；相配的
be suitable/fit for 适合于……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 　
[佳句背诵] If not, let me know what time suits you best.　如果不方便，请告诉我什么时间最适合你。(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
[名师点津]
(1)suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等；
(2)fit多指大小、形状的合适；
(3)match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
anxious　adj.忧虑的；不安的　n．款待；招待
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·天津卷)Anxiously(anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)There’s tension and anxiety(anxious) from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我很担心即将到来的考试，以至于晚上很难入睡。
I’m so__anxious__about__the__coming__exam__that I can hardly fall asleep at night.

(1)be anxious for/about 为……担心
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
(2)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地，不安地 　
[佳句背诵] I was told that the Learning Centre provides help for students and I’m anxious to get help from you.　别人告诉我辅导中心可以给学生提供帮助，我急于想从您那儿得到一些帮助。
panic　vi. & vt.(使人或动物)受惊；惊慌　n．惊慌；恐慌
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Tom panicked at the sound of explosion and his wife also got into a panic.
②The first time he stepped on the stage, he panicked(panic) at the sight of the audience.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③每当人们在惊恐慌乱中做出决定时，结果往往都不太美妙。
Whenever__people__make__decisions__when__they__are__in__panic,__the consequences are rarely pretty.


(1)in panic 　　　　　　　　 惊慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
(2)panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事　
[佳句背诵] I got into a panic when I saw smoke coming out of the kitchen.
看到厨房冒烟，我顿时慌了手脚。
[名师点津] 注意panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked。
guarantee　vt.保证；担保　n．保证；保证书
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still under guarantee.
②Going out with friends is__guaranteed(guarantee) to cheer you up, especially when you are in low spirits.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·北京卷书面表达)作为准备，事先阅读一些中文小说会保证让你融入中国语言的环境中。
As for preparation, reading some Chinese novels in advance will__guarantee__you__adapting__into__the__Chinese__language__environment．

(1)guarantee to do sth./that...　 保证做某事
guarantee sb.sth. 保证某人某事
(2)give sb.a guarantee (that) ... 向某人
保证……
under guarantee 在保修期内 　
[佳句背诵] We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee to succeed in the end.
我们应该注意细节，这样才能保证最后的成功。
make one’s way　前往；成功
[基础练习]——用way的相关短语填空
①It was so foggy that we had to__feel__our__way home.
②They pushed__their__way into the crowded train, looking for seats.
③A stream is winding__its__way through the valley into the river.
④They lost__their__way in the forest and what made matters worse was that night began to fall.

fight one’s way 奋力前进
lose one’s way 迷路
feel one’s way 摸索前进
push one’s way 挤出来
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进　
[佳句背诵] So long as you work hard, you can make your way in life.　只要你努力工作，你的人生就会成功。
vary from...to...　由……到……不等
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As in China, the climate in Canada varies with/by the area.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Wander among a variety(vary) of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)I like reading very much, especially the story books.They vary from Chinese stories to English stories.
(高级表达)I like reading very much, especially the story books, varying__from__Chinese__stories__to__English__stories. (分词作定语)

(1)vary in ... 在……(大小、形状等)上不同
vary with/by 随……变化/改变
(2)various adj. 各种各样的；多姿多彩的
(3)variety n. 种种；多样化
a variety of/varieties of 种种；各种各样的 　
[佳句背诵] We join in a variety of/varieties of/various activities in our new gymnasium, which brings us lots of pleasure. 　在新体育馆里，我们参加各种各样的活动，这给我们带来很多快乐。(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)

独立主格结构作原因状语
(教材P35)The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两个人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以我留在山顶上观察他们。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①So much work to__do(do), we have no time to play.
②The guide leading(lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
③The task completed(complete), we had a global traveling.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.
(高级表达)He was listening attentively in class, his__eyes__fixed__on__the__blackboard．(独立主格)

独立主格结构的构成：
(1)名称或代词主格＋分词
(2)名称或代词主格＋不定式
(3)名称或代词主格＋形容词(副词、名词、介词短语) 　　
[佳句背诵] We have three large multi－media classrooms in our school, each equipped with the newest computers.
我们学校有三个大的多媒体教室，每一间都配备了最新的电脑。
[名师点津] 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
It is said that...据说……
(教材P39)It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先， 他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He is thought to__have__acted(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
②Carbon dioxide is said to__be__heating(heat) the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It__is__hoped__that(人们希望) these suggestions would be of great help to you.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)人们相信音乐节不仅有意义而且有趣。
④It__is__believed__that the music festival will be not only meaningful but also interesting.
⑤People__believe__that the music festival will be not only meaningful but also interesting.

　据说……
注意：不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。
(2)It is thought that... 人们认为……
It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is reported that... 据报道……　
[佳句背诵] It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.
据报道，灾区如今正在建设许多新房。

Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．To show our appreciation(appreciate) for all your hard work, we’d like to give you a bonus.
2．That is the reason why many people often feel uncomfortable(comfort) in the back when sitting before computers for a long time.
3．Having__been__shown(show) around the university, we then were taken to a building, where many scientists work.
4．Last Monday, I was asked to give the new students a test to__evaluate(evaluate) their English level.
5．They thanked me over and over and the cashier was moved to tears, saying(say) there was an angel in her line today.
6．The police hurried to the spot, only to__be__told(tell) the damaged car had been taken away.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．She was the first woman to__be__appointed(appoint) to the board, for which she felt very excited and happy.
2．If you have the interest to visit there, don’t forget to take a camera and you are guaranteed to__enjoy(enjoy) the sights in their natural state.
3．A fire broke out in our town recently and a large factory was__burned(burn) to the ground.
4．I was about to hand in the paper when I found another mistake and then corrected it carefully.
5．Changbaishan is China’s largest nature reserve and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.
Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．If the people in the building hadn’t been in a panic and left in order when the fire occurred, many of them would not have been killed.删除a
2．Parents are usually anxious to the children when they don’t come back home from school.to→for/about
3．A meeting was called for the purpose of appoint a new secretary.appoint→appointing
4．This is the building where the new sports equipment are stored.are→is
5．You are absolute right.It is our responsibility to stop all illegal activities of damaging forests.absolute→absolutely
6．The headmaster who had attended the grand ceremony waved the students and teachers with a smile.在waved后加to
Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．At the amusing story，the whole class erupted into laughter.v.突然
2．(2017·北京卷)Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy.adj.不清楚
3．(2017·天津卷)Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. n．照片

提能一　语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
With 1.anxiety(anxious), I suddenly remembered that I had an 2.appointment(appoint), which I had forgotten 3.absolutely(absolute). I was 4.conscious(unconscious) that I had little time to prepare for it.
(二)
My friend, Li Hua, is a person 1.who has potential abilities. After graduating from college, he 2.was__appointed(appoint) as firefighter. One day after work, he was about to go shopping at the supermarket 3.when he found a fire broke out in a house. Rushing to the spot and 4.glancing(glance) through the situation of the fire, he 5.made(make) his way through the crowd 6.without panic, and went into the 7.burning(burn) building. Risking his own life, he saved five children 8.trapped(trap) in the fire. Because of his heroic behavior, he was praised by his colleagues and leader.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，你的朋友Jenny要到吉林游玩，请你给她推荐景点，请按要求回信。要求：①推荐长白山；②介绍长白山特色；③表达祝愿。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①得知你要来吉林游玩我很高兴，我想向你推荐长白山。
I’m delighted to hear you are coming to visit Jilin, so I’d__like__to__recommend__Changbaishan__to__you．
②众所周知，长白山不仅是一个著名的旅游胜地也是中国最大的自然保护区。
It__is__known__that__Changbaishan__is__not__only__a__famous__tourist__attraction but also China’s largest nature reserve.
③该地高度从海拔700米到2 000多米不等。
The__height__of__the__land__varies__from__700__meters__above__sea__level__to__over__2，000__meters.
④它是各种稀有动植物的家园。
It__is__home__to__a__great__diversity__of__rare__plants__and__animals.
⑤来到这里，你可以在山中漫步或沐浴在温泉池中。(分词作状语)　
Coming__here,__you can either walk in the mountains or bathe__in__the__hot__water__pools．
⑥该自然保护区受到高度赞赏的景观就是天池。
The__attraction__which__is__highly__appreciated in the reserve is Tianchi.
⑦我保证你在长白山一定会玩得很开心。(分词作状语)
I__guarantee__you__will__have__a__wonderful__time__visiting__Changbaishan.
2．升级平淡句
⑧用分词作状语升级句①
Delighted__to__hear__you__are__coming__to__visit__Jilin,__I’d__like__to__recommend__Changbaishan__to__you.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：in addition, actually)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Jenny，
Delighted to hear you are coming to visit Jilin, I’d like to recommend Changbaishan to you.
It is known that Changbaishan is not only a famous tourist attraction but also China’s largest nature reserve. The height of the land varies from 700 meters above sea level to over 2，000 meters. In addition, it is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals. Coming here, you can either walk in the mountains or bathe in the hot water pools. Actually, the attraction which is highly appreciated in the reserve is Tianchi.
I guarantee you will have a wonderful time visiting Changbaishan.
Yours，
Li Hua

(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·陕西部分学校摸底)A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.
Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation—for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel(红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.
When the 65­year­old first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds’ nests and hatching them under incubators(孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.
A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.
Prof. Jones was awarded the $250，000 prize at a ceremony in London.
“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn’t enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.
Prof. Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.
【解题导语】　卡尔·琼斯教授曾因偷稀缺鸟类的蛋而被指责，但后来在保护动物领域被授予诺贝尔奖，因为他将偷来的蛋进行了人工繁殖，并以此方法挽救了九种濒危物种。
1．What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Return.　　 B．Level.
C．Honor. D．Research.
C　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并结合语境可推知，画线词意为“荣誉”。
2．According to the passage, Great Auk is ________．
A．an endangered bird B．an extinct bird
C．a popular bird D．a fierce bird
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he saved an endangered kestrel(红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk”可推知，Great Auk是一种已灭绝的鸟。
3．What can we know from the figures in paragraph 4?
A．Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.
B．The wild environment for kestrel has changed a lot.
C．Kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.
D．It’s difficult to protect kestrel.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.”可知，当时野生毛里求斯红隼只剩4只，琼斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法来救助毛里求斯红隼，10年后，毛里求斯红隼的数量飙升到300多只，如今野生红隼约有400只。由此可推知，从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋的方法效果很好。
4．Prof. Jones’ idea of taking eggs from the birds’ nests ________．
A．was proved of no use
B．was widely accepted
C．was promoted officially
D．was criticized by some people
D　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“dead loss”及“In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques...in the wild.”可知，琼斯教授从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋来进行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批评。
B
(2020·太原期末)We’re often reminded of the importance of preserving the planet as we see it for future generations—and children at St Oswald’s CE Primary School Chester certainly agree.
Nine­year­old Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds
class thinks adults need to take note. “Sometimes they can be busy and I don’t think they think they can make a difference, but if everyone does a little bit it all adds up，” she tells HuffPost UK. “We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting them，” she says. “Fish can eat the plastic and they can die, or we might even eat the fish ourselves.”
Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly. The entire Hummingbirds class, which is made up of 9­and 10­year­old pupils, has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.
Mr. Timms thinks children have an important role to play in teaching us how to take care of the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much we can really learn from children，” he says. “It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle more, and even stopping them using plastic straws.”
Mr. Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class. The message that they would like to send to world is simple: stopping this isn’t someone else’s job, and it won’t be OK if we just leave it.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“蜂鸟班”积极响应一个环保教育项目。该班由9岁和10岁的孩子组成，他们通过写诗和制作在线视频广告以提醒成年人注意环保问题。
5．What can we infer about adults according to Isobel Kelleher?
A．They just pretend to be busy.
B．They haven’t done their part well.
C．They can do nothing to stop pollution.
D．They have started to care about the ocean.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第一句“Nine­year­old Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take note.”可知，学校“蜂鸟班”里九岁的伊泽贝尔认为成年人需要注意环保问题。据此可推知，成年人在环保问题上没有做得很好，故B项正确。
6．What is the purpose of the school project?
A．To help adults to learn more about their kids.
B．To remind adults to be friendly to the environment.
C．To persuade students to stop using plastic bags.
D．To teach students how to write poems creatively.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“The entire Hummingbirds class, which is made up of 9­and 10­year­old pupils, has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.”可知，整个“蜂鸟班”由9岁和10岁的学生组成，他们一直忙着写诗和制作在线视频广告，提醒成年人海洋和野生动物所处的严重处境。据此可知，该项目旨在提醒成年人要注意环保问题，故B项正确。
7．Why does Mr. Timms mention parents in paragraph 4?
A．To prove kids are creative in teaching.
B．To attract people to support his work.
C．To have adults care about education.
D．To show the effects of the project.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段尾句“It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle more, and even stopping them using plastic straws.”可知，真的很难相信有父母说孩子们要求他们停止使用塑料，甚至要求他们停止使用塑料吸管。据此可推知，该段提及父母旨在说明该项目对成年人的影响，故D项正确。
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．An inspiring school project.
B．An appeal to stop using plastic bags.
C．Serious situations of our planet.
D．Adults’ ignorance of the environment.
A　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第三段第一句“Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了“蜂鸟班”积极响应一个环保教育项目，该班由9岁和10岁的孩子组成，他们通过写诗和制作在线视频广告，提醒成年人注意环保问题。故A项正确。
【难句分析】　Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly”为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a new project, which在从句中作主语。
译文：伊泽贝尔的老师蒂姆斯先生一直在学校领导一个新项目，该项目让孩子们创造性地放松，以增强需要更加环保的意识。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·惠州高三调研)
How to Cultivate Confidence?
When faced with a big challenge where potential failure seems to appear at every corner, maybe you’ll hear this advice: Be more confident. 1.________ Take the belief that you are precious and capable, also known as self­esteem. Confidence turns thoughts into action. It comes from the genes you are born with, the way people get used to treating you as well as the choices you make. While it isn’t possible to completely separate these three factors, the personal choices we make obviously play a major role in confidence development. As a result, by keeping certain practical tips in mind, we do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence.
2．________ If you’re looking for a long­term change, consider the way you think about your abilities and talents. Do you think they are fixed at birth, or that they can be developed? These beliefs matter because they can influence how you act in face of setbacks. If you have a fixed mindset, meaning that your talents are locked in the place, you might give up, assuming you’ve discovered something you’re not good at. But if you have a growth mindset, and think your abilities can improve, a challenge will become an opportunity to learn and grow. Neuroscience(神经科学) supports the latter. The connections in your brain do get stronger and grow with study and practice. 3.________
Practicing failure is a must. Failure happens. 4.________ J. K. Rowling was rejected by twelve different publishers before one picked up Harry Potter. The Wright brothers built on history’s failed attempts at flight before designing a successful airplane. Studies show that those who fail regularly and keep trying anyway are better equipped to respond to challenges in constructive ways. 5.________ So, think of a challenge you want to take on, realize it’s not going to be easy, accept that you’ll make mistakes, and be kind to yourself when you do. You’ll feel the excitement, knowing that whatever the result, you’ll have gained greater knowledge and understanding.
A．But what is confidence?
B．So can confidence be easily cultivated?
C．Everyone is possible to encounter failure.
D．Being a talented person is quite necessary.
E．They learn to try different strategies and persevere.
F．Believing in your abilities to improve is the first step.
G．It also turns out that people with a growth mindset are better at dealing with challenges.
【解题导语】　文章主要介绍了两条非常实用的培养自信心的建议：第一，相信自己的能力可以提高；第二，从失败中汲取经验教训。
1．A　解析：前一句给出要更加自信的建议，后一句是说相信自己是有价值的、有能力的，这也是自尊，故A项“但是什么是自信？”符合语境，衔接上下文。
2．F　解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句。第一段最后一句是说要记住几条实用的建议，第二段第一句话应该是第一条建议，并结合该段的内容可知，本段主要讲述要相信自己的能力可以提高，故F项“相信你的能力能提高是第一步”符合语境。
3．G　解析：根据上文中的“But if you have a growth mindset...grow with study and practice.”可知，如果你有成长的心态，认为你的能力可以提高，一项挑战将变成学习和成长的机会，你大脑里的联系就会更强并且随着学习和练习而增加。由此可知，空处应是进一步说明有成长心态的人的优势，故G项符合语境。
4．C　解析：空前一句是说失败很常见；空后两句又举例说明一些名人在成功之前遭遇的失败，故C项“每个人都有可能经历失败”符合语境，衔接上下文。
5．E　解析：空前一句是说那些经常失败但一直坚持的人会积极应对挑战，故E项“他们学着尝试不同的策略并坚持不懈”符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·惠州高三调研)Today, Mount Qomolangma’s peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3，500 people have 1.____________(successful) climbed the mountain over the past year. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about 2.____________(wait) for hours in the bottlenecks.
In fact, the dangerous 3.____________(crowd) aren’t the only problem. All those climbers need 4.____________(bring) a lot of gear(设备), much of which ends up being left on the mountain. It is becoming the world’s 5.____________(tall) rubbish dump.
But the good news is 6.____________ some mountaineers have started to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008. So far they 7.____________(collect) over 13 tons of garbage.
Some of that rubbish is even being used for 8.__________ higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8848 Art Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage. They’ve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited 9.____________ Nepal’s capital. Part of the profit from sales 10.____________(be) available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.
【解题导语】　文章主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的污染情况以及现在采取的应对污染的措施和取得的进步。
1．successfully　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空前的have和空后的climbed构成谓语，此处应用副词来修饰，故填successfully。
2．waiting　解析：考查动名词。此处介词about之后应用动名词形式，故填waiting。
3．crowds　解析：考查名词的单复数。根据空前的形容词dangerous可知，空处应用名词形式，crowd“人群”为可数名词，且句子的谓语aren’t为复数形式，故填复数形式crowds。
4．to bring　解析：考查动词不定式。此处表示所有这些登山者都需要带着大量设备，故此处用need to do sth.“需要做某事”。
5．tallest　解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的the world’s表述“全世界范围内的”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故填形容词最高级tallest。
6．that　解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处引导表语从句，引导词在从句中不充当成分，仅起连接作用，故填that。
7．have collected　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语So far可知，此处表示截止到现在已收集的垃圾数量，所以应用现在完成时；又主语they为复数，故填have collected。
8．a　解析：考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”，表泛指，在文中第一次提到，且higher的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
9．in　解析：考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”，故填in“在(某范围或空间内的)某一点”。
10．is　解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；该句主语为“Part of the profit from sales”，此处表示单数概念，故填is。