2021版高考英语（人教版）一轮复习学案：选修82Unit2　Cloning


一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．straightforward adj.　　 简单的；直接的；坦率的
2．moral adj. 道德(上)的；伦理的
3．arbitrary adj. 任意的
4．fate n. 命运；天命
5．initial adj. 最初的；开始的
6．compulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；
强制的
7．opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院
8．loaf n. 一条(面包)
9．flour n. 面粉
10．claw n. 爪；脚爪
11．turkey n. 火鸡
12．feather n. 羽毛
13．identical adj. 同一的；一模一样的
14．commercial adj. 商业的；贸易的
15．complicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的
16．procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续
17．adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱
18．hatch vt.& vi. 孵出；孵卵；孵化
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．undertake vt. 着手；从事；承担
2．breakthrough n. 突破
3．cast vt. 扔；投；掷
4．unable adj. 不能的；不会的
5．obtain vt. 获得；赢得
6．attain vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)
7．forbid vt. 禁止；不准
8．drawback n. 缺点；不利条件
9．owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……
10．shortly adv. 立刻；不久
11．bother vt.& vi.& n. 打扰；操心；烦扰
12．regulation n. 规则；规章；法规
13．strike vt.& vi.& n. 打；撞击；罢工
14．impact n. 撞击；冲击；巨大的影响
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．accumulate vt.& vi.积累；聚积→accumulation n．积累
2．differ vi.不同；相异→different adj.不同的；与众不同的→difference n．差异；不同
3．reason n．理由，道理→reasonable adj.合情理的
4．mere adj.仅仅的→merely__adv.仅；只；不过
5．decorate v．装饰；布置→decoration n．装饰
6．retire vi.退休；离开→retirement n．退休；引退
7．assume vt.假定；设想→assumption n．假定；设想
8．popular adj.流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的→popularity n．受人喜爱；流行
9．object vi.反对；不赞成→objection n．不赞成；反对；异议
10．correct vt.改正；纠正→correction n．改正；纠正
11．resist vt.抵抗；对抗→resistant adj.抵抗的，反抗的→resistance n．抵抗
12．exact adj.精确的；准确的→exactly adv.精确地

1.积少成多
①accumulate vt.& vi. 积累；聚积
②increase vt.& vi. 增长
③enlarge vt.& vi. 扩大；放大
④expand vt.& vi. 扩大；膨胀
⑤broaden vi.& vt. 扩大；变阔；
加宽
2.表示“反对；拒绝”的单词荟萃
①against prep.　　 反对
②oppose v. 反对
③object vi. 反对
④disagree vi. 不同意
⑤reject vt. 拒绝
⑥refuse v. 拒绝
3.“动词＋副词”构成的合成词
①drawback n．　　 缺点
②breakdown n. 崩溃；故障
③farewell n. 告别
④feedback n. 反馈
⑤set­up n. 计划；组织
⑥break­up n. 分手；中断
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．pay__off　　　　　　　　　 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
2．cast__down 使失望；使沮丧
3．object__to 反对；不赞成
4．in__favour__of 赞成；支持
5．owe...to...__ 把……归功于……
6．(be)__bound__to__(do) ...__ 一定或注定(做)……
7．strike...into__one’s__heart 使……刻骨铭心
8．from__time__to__time 不时；偶尔
9．bring__back__to__life 使复生；使复活
10．in__vain 白费力气；枉费心机
11．in__good/poor__condition 状况很好(坏)；
情况很好(坏)

1.“in＋名词＋of”短语全接触
①in favour of　　　 赞成；支持
②in search of 寻找
③in view of 鉴于；由于
④in memory of 为了纪念
⑤in honour of 为了纪念
⑥in terms of 就……而言
2.“v.＋off”短语荟萃
①pay off　 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
②cut off 切断
③take off 起飞
④turn off 关闭
⑤put off 推迟
⑥give off 发出光/热/气体等
3.“in＋名词”短语一览
①in vain　　 白费力气；枉费心机
②in relief 如释重负地
③in short 总之；简言之
④in trouble 陷入麻烦
⑤in need 在困难中；急需
⑥in danger 在危险中
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：while表示对比转折
Cloning plants is straightforward while__cloning__animals__is__very__complicated．
克隆植物简单，而克隆动物非常复杂。
句型2：then 位于句首时句子用全部倒装
Then__came__the__disturbing__news__that Dolly had become seriously ill.
接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。
句型3：do you think作插入语
__What__do__you__think__is the writer’s point of view in this reading passage?
你认为在这篇阅读材料中作者的观点是什么？
句型4：that引导的表语从句
The__advantage__is__that__if there is a new illness some of these animals may die ...
其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉……

二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．With medical breakthrough(突破), people are living a healthier and longer life.
2．I think our offer is reasonable(合情理的) and realistic and you shouldn’t turn it down.
3．She is overweight, but she can’t resist(抵制；抵抗) eating more delicious food.
4．We are supposed to undertake(承担) the responsibility to lead a low­carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance.
5．Nowadays, energy can be obtained(获得) through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
6．(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I feel sorry for my being__unable(able) to go to the bookstore with you.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C) The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plastic­like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 简单的；直接的__使商业化
2．(2019·江苏卷阅读C) It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions.However，they have real impacts，as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 影响
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ七选五) “I adore dancing，” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life.” 喜爱
4．(2017·天津卷阅读D) I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience. 程序；步骤
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it, while his father objected to it. (object)
2．Don’t assume that you are a princess and stop living in assumptions any more. (assume)
3．Nowadays few people can resist the temptation of smartphones, for so many interesting things in them make anyone trying to be resistant to them finally give up their resistance. (resist)
4．He retired from the post as a manager. After his retirement,__he settled down in a remote village. (retire)
5．The purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge. And it also means accumulating intelligence as well as abilities. (accumulate)
6．From the appearance, we cannot tell the differences between the twins, though they always have some different ideas. And as for this phenomenon, ideas differ among many people. (differ)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
cast sb. down; in favour of; pay off; bring sb. back to life; differ...in; be bound to
There is no doubt that people 1.differ__greatly__in cloning technique, especially in cloning human beings. Some people are 2.__in__favour__of its development, especially when their health is in poor condition. They want to 3.bring__them__back__to__life. They believe human cloning technology 4.is__bound__to__benefit the medical development and won’t 5.cast__them__down. On the contrary, others find that it can raise a storm of moral problems, thus causing damage to the social development. As far as I’m concerned, cloning will 6.pay__off__on assumption that all people obey rules and promise to use it properly.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．然后传来了令人兴奋的消息，我们队赢得了比赛。
Then__came__the__exciting__news__that our team won the game.
2．这本书中你认为哪一部分最有趣？
Which__part__of__this__book__do__you__think is the most interesting?
3．骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。
The advantage of cycling to work is that__we__can__live__a__low­carbon__life．
4．一些人浪费食物，然而一些人死于饥饿。
Some people waste food while__others__die__of__hunger．

differ　vi.不同；相异
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As we have communication with foreigners, we should pay more attention to the differences(differ) in our body language.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) Since I was a kid，I’ve considered different(differ) jobs I would like to do.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我坚信如果每个人都努力一点，我们将起重大作用。
I hold the firm belief that we can__make__a__big__difference if everyone makes a little effort.

(1)differ in　　　　　　　在……方面不同
differ from 与……不同
(2)difference n. 不同之处
make a difference 起作用；有影响
(3)different adj. 不同的
be different from 与……不同
[佳句背诵] The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly in character.
这对孪生兄弟外貌很相像，但性格相差很大。
undertake　vt.着手；从事；承担；承诺；保证
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The project undertaken(undertake) by the young engineer turned out to be very successful.
②Whether or not the construction of the bridge will__be__undertaken(undertake) by our company remains to be seen.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2017·北京卷书面表达)收集了所有的材料，那些在计算机方面有天赋的人承担了制作视频的任务。
With all the materials collected, those who are talented in computers undertook__the__task__of__making the video.

undertake a task　　　 承担任务
undertake to do sth. 同意、答应或着手做某事
undertake that­clause 保证……　
[佳句背诵] Mr. Collins undertook to look after the children while his wife could go to the fit club with two of her friends.　柯林斯先生答应照顾孩子们，而他的妻子可以和她的两个朋友去健身俱乐部。
[名师点津] undertake过去式、过去分词分别为：undertook；undertaken。
object　vi.反对；不赞成 　n．物体；目标
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He has a strong objection to smoking(smoke) in public places, especially with females present.
②(2018·江苏卷书面表达)It is necessary to stop following ratings blindly and we should hold an objective(object) attitude towards it.
[能力提升]——一句多译
就我个人而言，我反对他在会议上提出的建议。
③As far as I’m concerned, I am__opposed__to the suggestions he put forward at the meeting.
④In my view, I object__to the suggestions he put forward at the meeting.

(1)object to doing sth.　　　 反对做某事
(2)objection n. 反对；提出异议
raise an objection to (doing) sth.
对(做)某事提出
异议或反对
(3)objective adj. 客观的；真实的
[佳句背诵] As far as I’m concerned，I object to charging for parking.
就我个人而言，我反对停车收费。
forbid　vt. (forbade, forbad; forbidden)禁止；不准
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I will forbid you to__leave(leave) unless you apologize for what you have done.
②As far as I can remember, this place used to forbid parking(park) cars and bikes.
③It is high time that we forbad(e)(forbid) setting off fireworks in urban areas.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④我认为禁止商店和超市提供免费的塑料购物袋是必要的。
I think it necessary to forbid__shops__and__supermarkets__from__offering free plastic shopping bags.

forbid sb.sth.　　　　　　　 禁止某人某事
forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
禁止某人做某事　
[佳句背诵] Forbidden from going out, we had to stay at home aimlessly.
由于不准外出，我们只好在家里漫无目的地待着。
[名师点津] 与forbid用法类似的单词还有allow, permit, advise等。
strike　vt.& vi. (struck；struck)打；撞击；罢工；袭击；(钟)报时；划(火柴)；使忽然想起　n．罢工
[一词多义]——写出下列句中strike的词性及含义
①A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing dozens of people.vt.袭击
②It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.
vt.忽然想起
③It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.n.罢工
④I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.
vt.(钟)报时
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤(2018·天津卷书面表达)在机器人比赛中被你的才华所打动，我想邀请你加入我们。
Struck__by__your__talent__in the robotic competition, I’d like to invite you to join us. (分词短语作状语)

(1)be struck with/by　　　 为……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sb. that... 某人突然想到……
(2)strike...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心
(3)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
[佳句背诵] Meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion, one I’d strike into my heart forever.
这么多年以后遇到我亲爱的老师和同学真是一个温暖的时刻，这一刻让我刻骨铭心。
[联想发散]“某人突然想到”荟萃：
①It__strikes__sb.__that...；
②It__hits__sb.__that...；
③It__occurs__to__sb.__that...．
pay off　得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
[基础练习]——用pay的相关短语填空
①(2017·天津卷)Will you please pay__a__visit__to Tianjin again so that we may meet again?
②I’d also like to know how much I have to pay__for__the course and whether accommodation is included.
③As for speaking Mandarin, it’s better to pay__attention__to__the pronunciation.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④正如谚语所说，“有志者事竟成。”我们的努力早晚会得到回报。
As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”Our__efforts__will__pay__off__sooner__or__later.

pay back　　　　 偿还(欠款)；报复；回报
pay for sth. 付某物的钱；为某事/物
付出代价
pay sb.for sth. 因某事/物给某人报酬
pay a visit to 参观；拜访
pay attention to 注意；留心
[佳句背诵] What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid off all his debts.
使他高兴的是几年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。
in good/poor condition　状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in poor condition.
②They also say that once moved，animals will have more space and better living conditions(condition) in the suburbs.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·江苏卷书面表达)只要我们恰当使用这些排名，它们在很多方面对我们是有利的。
On__condition__that__we__use__these ratings properly, they will benefit us in many ways.

out of condition　　　 健康状况欠佳
on this condition 在此条件下
on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首
时，主句用部分倒装)
on condition that... 只要；如果
[佳句背诵] My grandmother takes exercise every day, and she is in good condition now.
我奶奶每天都锻炼身体，她现在身体状况很好。

that引导表语从句
(教材P15)The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The drawback of the popularity of cars is that it brings about so much air pollution.
②The advantage of smiling is that it can not only make us happy, but also please others.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③The__chance__is__that(有可能)one smoker in four will die of lung cancer.
④The__drawback/disadvantage__of__this__solution__is__that(这个方案的不足是) many people wouldn’t feel so convenient as they used to.

The advantage/strength of...is that...
……的优势是……
The disadvantage/drawback of...is that...
　 　 ……的不足是……；……的缺点是……
The problem of...is that... ……的问题是……
The chance is that... 有可能……　
[佳句背诵] The advantage of using your university accommodation is that you can get support if you have a problem.
在你所就读的大学里住宿的优势在于，如果你有问题你可以得到帮助。


Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．We had our furniture moved to the new house when the decoration(decorate) of the house was finished.
2．The new clothes in the shop are so beautiful that Anna can’t resist taking(take) a closer look at them.
3．With the college entrance examination approaching, I am__forbidden(forbid) to take part in after­school activities.
4．When climbing Mount Huang, all the tourists were struck(strike) by its beauty.
5．Having__retired(retire) from business, he now occupies himself with his garden.
6．The information obtained(obtain) from the Internet is not always true, so we should be careful to check the facts we find on websites.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．I like fishing. One of the advantages is that I can take in fresh air in the open air.
2．I owe it to you that I have gained a number of skills and knowledge which I think will help me in the future.
3．There are serious objections to killing(kill) dogs for food, because they are friends to human.
4．So I have no choice but to__bother(bother) you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.
5．The good news that we have made a breakthrough in space exploration cheers us up.
6．There is no doubt that cellphones have a negative impact on our lives.
Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．It suddenly struck to me that we ought to make a new plan.删除第一个to
2．No one knows exact how the earth began as it happened so long ago.exact→exactly
3．Sometimes, some students object the idea that English classes are taught in English.在object后加to
4．Owe to the recent bad weather，the project is several weeks behind schedule.Owe→Owing
5．There is some doubt whether the young man can undertake of such an important task.删除of
6．The news which our team won the match was encouraging.which→that
Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．Many of his friends backed his plan, which made him very surprised. vt.支持
2．(江苏卷完形)I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on.__vt.吸引
3．Music talents from many different countries were cast to play in the film. vt.挑选
4．(2017·天津卷完形)This combination of healing myself and healing the world struck me as the perfect solution. vt.突然想起

提能一　语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 )
Robert, 1.differing(differ) from most of the elderly, doesn’t enjoy his old age in peace after retiring 2.from work. Instead, he felt his health was 3.in good condition and now he 4.is__undertaking(undertake) the duty of helping maintain the order of his community. Accidents used to occur here frequently, which made people feel cast 5.down. Several kids 6.were__struck(strike) by private cars and this situation 7.bothered (bother) most of the residents. Robert couldn’t resist 8.joining(join) in his community volunteer service. They took steps 9.to__forbid(forbid) drunken drivers from driving in and out. Their efforts finally paid 10.off．Since then, no accident has ever happened again，11.owing (owe) to efforts of volunteers like Robert and he 12.has__obtained(obtain) the respect of all community residents.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
最近你班就是否发展克隆技术进行了讨论。请按以下写作要点写一篇短文。要点如下：①支持：克隆技术有益人类；②反对：引起伦理问题；③你的观点。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①我们对克隆技术是否应该被发展进行了激烈的讨论。人与人观点分歧很大。
There has been a heated discussion about whether cloning technique should be developed. Opinions differ__greatly__from__person__to__person．
②有些人赞同发展克隆技术，他们认为这一定会让人类受益。(同位语从句)
Some who are in__favour__of__its__development__hold__the__belief__that__it__will__be__bound__to__benefit__human．
③能生产大量的商业食品满足人们的需求，这是克隆的好处之一。
Large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet people’s needs, which is one__of__the__advantages__of__cloning．
④我们还可以克隆人体器官作为医疗用途。
We can also clone__human__body__organs__for__medical__use．
⑤另外一些人强烈反对，因为他们沮丧地发现克隆会引发一系列的道德问题。
Others__strongly__object__to__it，because they__feel__cast__down__to__find__that__it__could__raise__a__storm__of__moral__questions．
⑥我认为，只要所有人答应恰当利用克隆技术，克隆会取得成功。
In my opinion, cloning__will__pay__off__as__long__as__all__undertake__to__use__it__properly．
2．升级平淡句
⑦用表语从句升级句③
One__of__the__advantages__of__cloning__is__that large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet people’s needs.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：what’s more, on the contrary, however)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
There has been a heated discussion about whether cloning technique should be developed. Opinions differ greatly from person to person.
Some who are in favour of its development hold the belief that it will be bound to benefit human. One of the advantages of cloning is that large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet people’s needs. What’s more, we can also clone human body organs for medical use.
One the contrary, others strongly object to it, because they feel cast down to find that it could raise a storm of moral questions.
However, in my opinion, cloning will pay off as long as all undertake to use it properly.

(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·石家庄重点高中摸底)I can proudly say that last year I broke the record for the oldest person in the world to ride a roller coaster. I’m 105, but I feel younger. Even the doctor agrees I’m in good condition. I’m a bit deaf and my legs feel weak, but they are the only issue.
I rode the Twistosaurus at Flamingo Land, which spins you round quite fast. I didn’t choose to go on that. I’d have preferred a really fast one that went upside down. But I was told I couldn’t ride something like that, because it would affect my blood pressure and I might have some danger.
I wasn’t nervous—I don’t get frightened of anything. I was securely fastened, so I knew I wouldn’t fall out. The roller coaster ride went on for three or four minutes, and it couldn’t be a better experience. And I raised a lot of money for the Derbyshire, Leicestershire & Rutland Air Ambulance fund, which was fantastic.
People were saying I’d got a place in the Guinness World Records. Later, someone came to present me with the certificate. I had it on the wall in my living room, with another one I got a year earlier.
My record­breaking ways really began a couple of years ago, with the ice bucket challenge. It turned out that I was probably the oldest person in the world to do it, and the video was very popular. After that, I started to think about what else I could do to raise money for different charities.
I’m not sure if anyone admires all the fun I’m having. They just say I’m daft and that’s about it. But I’ve had many good days and many exciting times. I’ve had a really good life. I don’t think I’ve wasted any of it.
【解题导语】　本文讲述了世界上玩过山车年龄最大的老人的经历。他已经105岁，获得了吉尼斯世界纪录证书；此外，他还参加过“冰桶挑战”，为慈善组织募捐。他认为自己没有浪费人生，过得很充实。
1．Why didn’t the author choose to go on riding the Twistosaurus?
A．Because he was told not to do so.
B．Because he considered it too gentle.
C．Because he thought it spun too fast.
D．Because he was in a bad physical condition.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I didn’t choose to go on that. I’d have preferred a really fast one that went upside down.”可知，作者没有选择坐Twistosaurus，是因为他想要坐真正的快速翻转的过山车，即他认为Twistosaurus太过平缓，故B项正确。
2．How did the author most probably react while riding the roller coaster?
A．He really enjoyed himself.
B．He was very worried at first.
C．He couldn’t think much about it.
D．He got frightened as it started moving.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The roller coaster ride went on for three or four minutes, and it couldn’t be a better experience.”可知，乘坐过山车持续三到四分钟，作者认为这是一次再好不过的经历了。据此可推知，作者在坐过山车时很享受，故A项正确。
3．What do you know about the author from paragraph 4?
A．He was eager to get certificates.
B．He disliked showing off his success.
C．He was the oldest person in the world.
D．He set a record the year before last year.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“last year”和第四段的内容，尤其是尾句“I had it on the wall in my living room, with another one I got a year earlier.”可知，去年作者把这张吉尼斯世界纪录证书挂在客厅的墙上，还有一张是一年前挂的。据此可知，作者在前年也创造了一项纪录。
4．Which word can best describe the author?
A．Cooperative. B．Optimistic.
C．Generous. D．Intelligent.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But I’ve had many good days and many exciting times. I’ve had a really good life. I don’t think I’ve wasted any of it.”并结合文章描述的作者105岁还创造吉尼斯世界纪录可知，作者认为自己有过许多美好的日子和许多激动人心的时刻，他过得很好，没有浪费人生；据此可推知，作者是一个乐观的人，故B项正确。
B
(2020·昆明高三诊断)Artificial intelligence(AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like liver cancer in ways that were never before possible.
Rishi Rawat, who teaches AI at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, is part of a team of scientists researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the liver. Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition is important for making decisions.”
David Agus is another researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.”
Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Nowadays, researchers take a thin piece of tissue(组织), put it on a small piece of glass and add color to see the cells better. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns or structures, and learn how the cells are organized.
The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes. Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.
The researchers of the university are now only studying liver cancer. But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.
【解题导语】　本章讲述了人工智能有望帮助医生诊断和治疗癌症。
5．What can AI do with the help of the information provided by the researchers?
A．Recognize cancer patterns.
B．Treat liver cancer.
C．Collect useful information.
D．Store cancerous cells.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He says, ‘You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns...making decisions.’”可知，人工智能可以根据对其输入的数据来学习该模式，并进行癌症模式的识别。
6．What can we learn about AI?
A．It will be able to replace doctors.
B．Patients are unlikely to be cancerous again with its help.
C．It is making a difference in taking care of patients.
D．It can recognize cancer more accurately.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Through machine learning...are organized.”可知，人工智能可以识别一些复杂的模式或结构，同时了解细胞是如何组成的。由此可推知，人工智能可以更精确地识别癌症。
7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of AI?
A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful.
C．Curious. D．Cold.
A　解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知，人工智能将很快能够快速识别癌症，并且将应用到各种癌症之中。由此可推知，作者对人工智能的未来持乐观的态度。
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．AI Is Used to Treat Cancer
B．AI May Compete with Doctors
C．AI May Make Doctors Better
D．AI Is Better at Curing Cancer
C　解析：标题归纳题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，人工智能作为一种工具可以帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。
【难句分析】　Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。the process...in the developing world是省略了that的宾语从句；that having a large amount of information...in medicine是与其并列的宾语从句；其中，having a large amount of information是动名词短语作主语。
译文：Agus说，这一过程在发展中国家几乎不需要任何成本就可以完成，而且拥有大量与患者有关的信息对于一台机器有效地完成医学工作来说非常重要。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·石家庄质检)I just counted how many foreign languages I’ve studied so far in my life and it’s been twelve!
I always follow my interests and find ways to put my language learning into things I’m already interested in. I like to read blogs(博客) in other languages. 1.________. For the most part, bloggers tend to write the same way they speak, so I don’t have to worry much about adopting strange terms that are only used in writing.
Movies are also a really good tool, especially if you can find subtitles in the language you’re learning. 2.________， they will still keep your brain listening and reading in the same language. Music is another way to start listening to things in your new language. Personally, I’m so bad at understanding lyrics(歌词) even in English, so this one doesn’t really work for me, but I have friends who learn a language through lyrics. Games are of course also an excellent way of studying a new language. A lot of language learning computer programs include games. I’m super competitive and if I play any of them, I can be hooked for hours. 3.________．
When the initial excitement of learning a new language begins to fade, it can be hard to stick with it. The hardest bit for me is when I’m comfortable enough with a language to understand most things and make myself understood. I’m actually stuck at this stage in Norwegian. 4.________. Ideally I should sign up to take a big language exam. Each time I start getting self­satisfied, it’s time to take a new course or sign up for online lessons, or take up some sort of challenge that will require me to level up my skills.
5．________. The best language class I’ve ever taken was my beginner’s Russian course at university where my professor never used any English. It got to the point where I would kind of just forget about English while in Russian class, which helped me to really immerse myself in the Russian language and do a whole lot with the limited Russian I had.
A．That’s really uncomfortable
B．Whatever languages they’re translated into
C．I also try to think in the language I’m learning
D．It’s time well spent if I’m learning the language
E．Computer games always make me feel worn out
F．Though they don’t always exactly match what’s being said
G．I found them the perfect learning tool because they’re usually written in oral language
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“我”一共学习过十二种语言，在学习语言的过程中“我”尝试过各种各样的方法。
1．G　解析：根据空后一句“For the most part, bloggers tend to write the same way they speak, so I don’t have to worry much about adopting strange terms that are only used in writing.”可知，通常，博主们倾向于用他们说话的方式来写；据此可推知，“我”发现博客是学习语言的好工具，因为它们常常是用口语写作的，故G项正确。
2．F　解析：根据该句中的“they will still keep your brain listening and reading in the same language”并结合常识可推知，电影中的字幕虽然有时和所说的话不是很一致，但是仍然会让你的大脑用同样的语言听和看， 故F项与此处匹配。
3．D　解析：根据空处前两句“A lot of language learning computer programs include games. I’m super competitive and if I play any of them, I can be hooked for hours.”可知，许多语言学习电脑程序中都包含游戏，而“我”是一心求胜，如果“我”玩任何一个，“我”都能上瘾好几个小时。据此可推知，如果“我”在学习这门语言，花费的时间是值得的，故D项符合语境。
4．A　解析：根据空处前两句“The hardest bit for me is when I’m comfortable enough with a language to understand most things and make myself understood. I’m actually stuck at this stage in Norwegian.”可知，对“我”来说，最难的部分是当“我”足够自信能用一门语言来理解大多数东西并使自己被理解的时候。在学挪威语时“我”实际上被困于这种状态了；据此可推知，那让“我”感到很不舒服，故A项正确。
5．C　解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；根据该段中的“It got to the point where...with the limited Russian I had.”可知，“我”回忆了当时在大学上俄语课时的感受；据此可推知，该段主要介绍“我”也使用“我”正在学的语言来进行思考，故C项正确。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·兰州诊断)China, which is proud of its great inventions in ancient times, has once again shown its ability to change the world with its “four new great inventions”： high­speed rail, mobile payments, bike­sharing and e­commerce. The four innovative(创新的) ways of life were most appealing to youths from 20 countries 1.____________(participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative, according to a survey by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
“The ‘four new great inventions’ are all 2.____________(relate) to China’s high­tech innovation, 3.____________ improved the quality of people’s lives，” said Wu Hao, executive director of the BRRI. As a huge fan of bicycles, Bernard Schwartlander, World Health Organization Representative in China, 4.____________(express) his love for China’s shared bicycles, saying that “Shared bikes are bringing cycling back 5.____________people’s lives and they are making public transport more attractive and convenient.”
Rebecca Fannin, founder and editor of Silicon Dragon, noted that China is beginning to lead in innovation in some ways. “This is partly because China skipped over the PC era and went directly to the mobile. China has the 6.____________(large) mobile use in the world.”
With regard to the “four new great inventions”， Charlie Dai, principal analyst of American market research company Forrester, said these 7.____________(product)and services have definitely improved customer experience, developing national and 8.____________(globe) economy at the same time.
9．____________growing number of foreigners hope 10.____________(promote) economic development in their home countries by stressing the need for technological achievements like that of China.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。中国的“新四大发明”，即高铁、移动支付、共享单车、在线购物，给世界带来了变化。
1．participating　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主语youths与动词participate构成逻辑上的主谓关系，此处用现在分词短语作定语，故填participating。
2．related　解析：考查固定搭配。be related to 意为“与……相关”，是固定用法，故填related。
3．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为“The ‘four new great inventions’”，且从句缺少主语，故填which。
4．expressed　解析：考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，故填expressed。
5．to　解析：考查介词。此处表示“将骑自行车带回人们的生活中”，故填介词to。
6．largest　解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据语境以及空前的“the”可知，此处表示中国的手机使用量是世界上最大的，故填largest。
7．products　解析：考查名词的单复数。product是可数名词，且根据空前的“these”可知，此处应填复数形式。
8．global　解析：考查形容词。根据空前的“national and”和空后的“economy”可知，此处应填形容词global。
9．A　解析：考查冠词。a number of意为“许多”，是固定用法，故填A。
10．to promote　解析：考查非谓语动词。hope to do sth. 意为“希望做某事”，是固定用法，故填to promote。