2020版一轮复习英语重大版学案：学通语法第二讲冠词

第二讲冠__词 单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I’m face­to­face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at the top of her lungs. 3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a_ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof over the   top.5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as a_ model in New York.6．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle­fed, the other is with mum — she never suspects.一、不定冠词(一)不定冠词的基本用法1．表示泛指某个人或事物。I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work.今天我在赶着去上班的路上遇到了你的一位朋友。2．用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前，表示泛指。 My friend John is a handsome young man, a young man everyone likes to work with.我的朋友约翰是一个英俊的年轻人，一个人人都喜欢与他共事的年轻人。3．表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。I remember he came here on a Sunday and left soon.我记得他在某一个星期天来过，并且很快就离开了。4．用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。He missed the gold medal in the high jump, but he will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。5．用在形容词的比较等级前，表示“一个更……的”。If we sit near the front of the bus, we’ll have a better view.如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，我们就会有一个更好的视野。6．用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词。Tony is a famous pianist. I’m absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家，我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定是件成功的事。(二)固定搭配中的不定冠词不定冠词常用于某些固定搭配中，常见的有：have a gift for有……的天赋　have a holiday度假get a lift/ride搭便车  pay a visit to参观lend sb. a hand帮助某人  as a result因此as a rule通常；照例  in a hurry匆忙地at a distance离一段距离  a waste of ……的浪费What a pity！真遗憾！  be/go on a diet节食a collection of一批……  a knowledge of知道have a good time玩得高兴  make a living谋生as a matter of fact事实上  have a history of有……历史in a sense/way在某种意义上  for a while暂时；一时all of a sudden突然  a matter of……的问题have a population of有……人口cover an area of占……的面积The prize for the winner of the competition is a two­week holiday in Paris.(2016·6月浙江高考单选)比赛获胜者的奖励是到巴黎度假两周。   二、定冠词(一)定冠词的基本用法1．特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。I studied in a university in New Zealand. The university was founded in the early twentieth century.我在新西兰的一所大学就读，这所大学建立于20世纪初。2．用于单数可数名词或形容词前，表示一类人或物。①As we all know, the brain is the centre of thought.众所周知，大脑是思维的中心。②As a matter of fact, the rich aren’t always happy.事实上，富人并非总是快乐的。 “the＋adj.”表示一类人的常用短语：the rich富人　　　　the dead死者the poor穷人  the aged老人the old老人  the living活着的人the young年轻人  the injured/wounded受伤的人 　　　　3．用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等之前。①Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。②Now, years later, this river is one of the most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.在数年之后的现在，这条河成为了环境治理的最突出的范例之一。4．用于被限制性修饰语加以限制的人或物前。I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.(2015·重庆高考单选)我刚听说多拉工作的银行被一个戴面具的持枪歹徒抢劫了。5．用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代。As is well known to us all, the Second World War broke out in the thirties of last century.众所周知，二战爆发于上个世纪30年代。6．用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。7．用于世界上独一无二的事物前。No one knows exactly how the moon came into existence, as it happened so long ago.没有人确切知道月球是怎样形成的，因为这发生在很久之前。8．用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。As far as I know, he likes playing the piano.据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴。(二)固定结构及固定短语中的定冠词1．固定结构中的定冠词(1)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词”结构中，表示“按……计算”。—It’s said that John will be in a job paying over  $60,000 a year.—Right, he will also get paid by the week.——据说，约翰将获得一个年薪超过6万美元的工作。——是的，他的工资还将按周支付。(2)用于“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体某一部位”结构中。His nose bled when the thief hit him in the face.那个贼打到了他的脸，他鼻子出血了。(3)用于the more ... the more ...(越……越……)结构中。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，就会越少犯错误。2．固定短语中的定冠词at the moment此刻；目前　　in the end 最后；最终to tell the truth说实话  on the other hand另一方面by the way顺便说一下  in the middle of在……中间at the same time与此同时  on the contrary相反on the whole总的来说  in the distance在远处to the point 中肯；切题make the most/best of充分利用go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧Now that you have such a good chance, you’d better make the best of every minute to achieve your goal.既然你有这么好的一次机会，你最好充分利用每一分钟去实现你的目标。三、零冠词(一)零冠词的基本用法下列情况下不用冠词。1．表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前。①Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which you’ll make great progress.记日记是一个可以让你取得巨大进步的好习惯。②Telephones are still playing an important role in people’s life.电话在人们的生活中仍然起着重要的作用。2．表示泛指的季节、月份、星期、节假日、洲、三餐、球类、学科、棋类名词前。A year can be divided into four seasons — spring, summer, autumn and winter.一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。3．与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。Are you going there by plane or by ship?你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？4．系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.多年的努力工作之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一位好经理。5．表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。Dr Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”(二)固定结构及固定短语中的零冠词1．固定结构中的零冠词“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语，主句”，意为“虽然……但是……”。Young man as he is, he has seen much of the world.尽管他很年轻，但他阅历很丰富。2．固定短语中的零冠词on purpose故意地　　　　 by chance碰巧catch fire着火   at dawn在黎明face to face面对面   out of date过时的make room for让位   in debt负债in shape健康   on foot步行in danger在危险中   side by side并排from time to time不时地   hand in hand手拉手day after day日复一日地heart and soul全心全意地Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push­ups too to stay in shape.汤姆总是在早上慢跑，他通常也做俯卧撑来保持健康。    [典题精选][我来改正][常设误点]①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.②But he had only an 100­yuan note.③(2019·嘉峪关市一中一模)He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted.①第一个a→an/one ②an→a ③an→a(1)不定冠词a和an的错用①在元音音素前应用不定冠词an；②在辅音音素前应用不定冠词a；③有些单词以元音字母开头但却是以辅音音素开头，前面应用冠词a而不用an，如university；还有一些单词以辅音字母开头但却是以元音音素开头，前面应用冠词an而不用a，如hour。④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents ... A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.④the→a ⑤outside后的a→the(2)不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的错用 ①表示特指时用定冠词the； ②表示泛指时用不定冠词a(n)。⑥This custom soon became another meal of day.⑦(2019·重庆六校联考)Forrest Gump was born in small village.⑥在day前加the⑦在small前加a(3)单数可数名词前冠词的缺失一般情况下，单数可数名词前应有适当的冠词a(n)或the。 a(n)表示泛指，the 表示特指。⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.⑨(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was.⑩(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)But in that case, we will learn little about world.⑧在countryside前加the⑨在hard后加the/my⑩在world前加the(4)定冠词the的缺失①在固定搭配中的定冠词the；②在序数词前常用定冠词the；③在世界上独一无二的事物前加定冠词the。⑪There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.⑫(2019·南昌市一模)I think it’s a great fun and I can make more friends.⑪去掉flowers前的the⑫去掉great前的a(5)冠词的多余可数名词复数或不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。⑬(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.⑭(2015·浙江高考)I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.⑮(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.⑬去掉the⑭在hurry前加a⑮在picture前加the/this(6)常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余在固定搭配中，有的用不定冠词a(n)，有的用定冠词the，而有的不带任何冠词，如：in a hurry,   cover an area of,  on the right, in fact等。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．When you meet a new word, you can   look it up in your dictionary. 2．He became one of  the  most popular stars of American television. 3．A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. The  water was sweet.4．The education of  the  young is always a serious topic.5．It is out of the question that you can get  a  rise if you don’t work hard.6．While running in the park, I heard someone playing  the  violin, which drew my attention.7．—Excuse me, is there a  Mr  Taylor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.—Sorry, but there is no such person here.8．—Have you listened to  the  weather forecast, Linda?—Yes. It says that there will be a heavy rain this weekend.9．The frequent terrorism activities in recent years constitute (构成) an enormous security challenge to all countries.10．The young may need more sleep than the old, but usually eight hours is enough for the health of grown­ups.11．First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you can never get a second chance to make first impressions.12．I should be very interested to meet the man who threw the stone you mentioned in the newspaper. Ⅱ.单句改错1．After about half a hour, the rain stopped and I went home.a→an2．As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.famous前加a3．Here is a very person we are looking for, one with a good knowledge of German.第一个a→the4．All the students in our class made a progress by studying harder this term.去掉a5．It is not rare in 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.1990s前加the6．Now I’d like to tell you a impressive story that happened on the first day of my teaching career.a→an7．(2019·银川质检)When English is an only language in class, students will have more opportunities to practise listening and speaking.an→the8．(2018·沈阳三测)Dad read my favorite storybooks to me.Finishing one storybook, he went out to fetch the another.去掉theⅠ.语法填空More than 1,250 lit stalls (货摊) brighten the center of Thailand’s capital city, __1__ (provide) a multicolored sight.The shelter, __2__ is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok’s night market, has become an __3__ (attract) itself.The market, which __4__(call) Train Night Market Ratchada in English, was opened in January 2015 and has become __5__ popular spot for locals and tourists.Software engineer Prasad Ambati visited the market and took the landscape photographs from a nearby car park.“Those __6__ (color) tents and people shopping, eating at stalls and the flashing lights were great.The tents made me think of a giant painting.”This is __7__ (primary) a market that sells yesteryear (旧时) goods, old­fashioned __8__ (collection) of clothes, motorbikes, and second­hand toys.There are also plenty of general market things for sale, __9__ cheap clothes, shoes，bags, and other fashion items.But above all it’s one of the best places for street food, open­air bars with live music frequently __10__ (perform) all over.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了位于曼谷的夜市Train Night Market Ratchada。1．providing　分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词；provide与其逻辑主语stalls之间为主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。2．which　先行词是The shelter, 空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。3．attraction　根据空前的an可知，此处应填名词attraction“游览胜地，具有吸引力的事物”。4．is called　定语从句说的是现在的客观事实，应该用一般现在时；which(指代The market) 与call之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。5．a　spot表示“地点”，是可数名词，且此处为泛指，故填不定冠词a。6．colorful　根据语境可知，此处指的是“颜色鲜艳的，五彩缤纷的”，故填colorful。7．primarily　此处修饰谓语动词，应该用副词，故填primarily。8．collections　空前无冠词或者形容词性物主代词，另外collection“收藏物，收藏品”是可数名词，故填collections。9．like　like意为“像，如”，用来列举事物。10．performed　此处是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构。宾语music和perform之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。Ⅱ.短文改错Smartphones had become part of our daily life.No matter who we are, we can see people busy play with their smart­phones.Smartphones benefit them.They help us escape the pressures of life and get informations.However, if we spend too much time on them, we won’t have time to contact face to face our friends and family.And our life, study and work will hurt.In my view, we should limit to our using smartphones except for a purpose of learning.Meanwhile it’s absolute necessary for us to take part in more outdoors activities.答案：第一句：had→have第二句：who→where; play→playing第三句：them→us第四句：informations→information第六句：在hurt前加be第七句：去掉to; a→the第八句：absolute→absolutely; outdoors→outdoor