2020版一轮复习英语重大版学案：学通语法第十讲名词性从句

第十讲名词性从句单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.2．(2018·北京高考单选)Without his support, we wouldn’t be where we are now.3．(2018·江苏高考单选)By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.4．(2017·江苏高考单选)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to charge.5．(2017·天津高考单选)She asked me whether/if_I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.6．(2017·北京高考单选)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree­lined street, not knowing where_ she was heading.名词性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句1．引导主语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether/if；连接代词what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever等。①That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。②What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。2．主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise等)＋that从句(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)＋that从句 (4)It＋不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等)＋that从句①It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。②It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。③It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。二、宾语从句1．引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether, if；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序。①We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。②I truly believe that beauty comes from within.(2015·北京高考单选)我确信美来自内在。③We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.(2015·重庆高考单选)我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。2．it作形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。(2)动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。三、表语从句1．引导表语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等；从句用陈述语序。①This is what my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018·北京高考单选)这就是父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，并且抱最大的希望。②I’d like to start my own business — that’s what I’d do if I had the money.我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。2．as if/as though引导的表语从句as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等动词之后。The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。3．because, why引导的表语从句because, why也可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause (该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型：①From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水覆盖。②The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。四、同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。1．常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有：advice 建议　            conclusion 结论　　       demand要求doubt 怀疑   fact 事实        hope 希望idea 主意                 information 信息               message 消息news 消息                order 命令                    possibility 可能性promise 诺言              question 问题                 request 请求suggestion 建议            thought 想法                  plan计划①I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.我对自己承诺：今年，我高中的第一年，会有所不同。②—Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?—No problem.——你有可能到机场接我吗？——没问题。2．引导同位语从句的连接词有：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。①Evidence has been found through years of study that children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.通过多年的研究发现：有证据表明孩子的早期睡眠问题很有可能会随着他们的成长继续下去。②She asked a question why there was a delay.她问了发生延误的原因。③I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回家。 在同位语从句中，that, whether不作句子成分。that无实义，whether意为“是否”，if一般不引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。 　　　　[典题精选][我来改正][常设误点]①(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.①where→that或去掉where(1)从属连词与连接副词之间的错用从属连词有that/whether/if等，连接副词有when, where等。从属连词不作成分，而连接副词作状语。②That is which other teachers say.②which→what(2)连接代词(what, which和who等)之间的错用引导名词性从句且在从句中作主语或宾语时应用what(什么)；which(哪一个)；who(谁)等，注意它们之间意义的差别。③(2019·银川二中一模) For one thing, that you are studying is badly needed nowadays in our country. ③that→what(3)that与what之间的错用what在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；而that本身没有意义，不作任何成分，只起连接作用。④(2019·西南师大附中模拟)There is no doubt whether it is of great help to their study and future life. ④whether→that(4)从属连词that与whether/if之间的错用that不作成分，没有实际意义；whether/if也不作成分但有实际意义，有“是否”之意。⑤(2018·遵义航天高级中学模拟)And you should also have a belief you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time.⑤在belief后加that(5)从属连词that的缺失that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般不能省略，引导宾语从句时可以省略。  Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．It is often the case  that  anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.2．When you are reading make a note of  what  you think is of great importance.3．The manager put forward a suggestion that  we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.4．I am not interested in  whether they believe in me or not.5．He has lung disease. That is  because  he has been smoking too much.6．What we can’t get seems better than what we already have.7．The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do. 8．The problem is  how  we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.9．(2019·合肥二检)What Amy didn’t know was that her kindness would set off a chain reaction.10．When I looked down at my full cart  (购物车)  I wondered if/whether I had enough money to pay for it all.11．(2019·石家庄一模)Finally, keep in mind that there are many things that can’t be learnt immediately, and never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.12．Whichever of you has difficulty understanding the sentence can ask Professor Li for help.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Success partly depends on if you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.if→whether2．My suggestion is we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.is后加that3．We are thinking about whom can be admitted into our club. The number of members is limited.whom→who4．His promise which he would give away half of the year’s income to the disabled turned out a lie.which→that5．(2019·合川区一诊)As time went on, I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time.what→how6．Now I am writing to tell you that my city has done to reduce traffic jams in the last few years.that→all/what7．(2019·合肥一检)If we try our best to get ahead, we will be able to achieve what we desire it.去掉it8．(2018·合肥二检)The most breathtaking moment is that the athletes are getting to the finishing line.that→when9．As for me, which matters is whether we can win the game without the help from the teachers.which→what10．(2018·沈阳监测)The rich man said, “I’m a wealthy man.Can you tell me that why I’m unhappy？”去掉thatⅠ.语法填空(2018·东北三省三校一模)The “selfie” is used to describe the self­taken photo, often from a smartphone. Someone takes about 10 selfies each time he does, and he only ends up __1__ (post) one or two of those. He picks the one that he feels make him look the __2__(good). In that picture, he gains confidence. For that moment, everything bad or terrible that has happened to him__3__ (remove), because that smile is what gives him the__4__ (determine) to love himself.I read__5__ poem recently and the young man said, “If I ask you__6__ you love, the answers will most likely roll off your tongue.You love to read. You love to write. You love your mom, your daughter, or your best friend. How long do you think you can go on and on before you say ‘I love__7__(I)’？”That statement hit me like a ton of bricks.I’ve struggled with confidence all my life.I still do.And in__8__ way am I saying that taking a selfie is a gateway__9__ confidence.__10__， the selfie does deserve some credit for allowing individuals to express themselves.语篇解读：很多人会把自己满意的自拍照发到网上去，他们认为这样可以使自己增强爱自己的决心。1．posting　end up doing sth.为固定用法，意为“以……而结束，最终做了某事”。2．best　由语境可知此处表示从众多自拍照中选一张自己认为最好的，由此判断此处应用good 的最高级。3．is removed　由语境可知应用一般现在时，又因remove与everything为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。4．determination　give sb.sth.“给某人某物”。又根据设空处前的the 也可判断设空处应用名词。determination为不可数名词，后面常用不定式作定语。5．a　设空处的poem为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，故与不定冠词连用。6．what　所填词在宾语从句中作宾语，故应用what。7．myself　由空前的I及语境可知设空处用反身代词。8．no　根据本句中“am I saying”的倒装语序，可推知设空处应为否定词。表示否定意义的介词短语放在句首时，后面的主谓部分常用部分倒装形式。in no way “决不”。9．to　a gateway to ...为固定搭配，意为“通向……之路”。10．However　前后句之间是转折关系，并由后面的逗号可知应填However。Ⅱ.短文改错Cars have become popular means of transportation as the development of society. They constant bring great convenience to our life. Unluckily, they have also caused problem such as air pollution and traffic jams. So the current task for us is how we can do to solve the problems. As far as I am concerned, switch our transportation from cars to bicycles is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles don’t need any petrol. For other, bicycles are environmentally friendly. What’s much more, riding bicycles is a good way of exercising and it is very benefit to our health. Therefore, I would rather that people try bicycles.答案：第一句：popular前加a; as→with第二句：constant→constantly第三句：problem→problems第四句：how→what第五句：switch→switching第七句：other→another第八句：去掉much; benefit→beneficial第九句：try→tried