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2020高考英语新创新大一轮复习人教全国版讲义：选修7Unit1Livingwell
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Unit 1 Living well
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．hearing n. 听力；听觉
2．eyesight n. 视力
3．dictation n. 口授；听写(的文字)
4．entry n. 项目；进入；入口
5．clumsy adj. 笨拙的
6．bench n. 长凳
7．firm n. 公司
adj. 结实的；坚固的；坚定的
8．psychology n. 心理(学)
9．psychologically adv. 心理(学)地；精神上地
10．politics n. 政治(学)
11．abolish vt. 废除；废止
12．slavery n. 奴隶制
13．literature n. 文学(作品)；著作；文献
14．companion n. 同伴；伙伴
15．certificate n. 证书
16．abolition n. 废除；废止
17.architect n． 建筑师
18．outwards adv. 向外
19．dignity n. 尊严；高贵的品质
20．software n. 软件
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．noisy adj. 吵闹的；嘈杂的
2．outgoing adj. 外向的；友好的；外出的；离开的
3．adapt vt. 使适应；改编
4．fellow adj. 同伴的；同类的
n. 同伴；同志；伙伴
5．conduct n. 行为；品行
vt. 指挥；管理；主持
6．graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼
7．handy adj. 方便的；有用的
8．community n. 社区；团体；社会
9．profit n. 收益；利润；盈利
10．resign vi. &vt. 辞职；辞去(工作；职位等)
11．adequate adj. 足够的；充分的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(知其变)
1．suitable adj.适合的；适宜的→suit v．适合 n．西服；套装
2．beneficial adj.有益的；受益的→benefit n．优势；益处 v．对……有益
3．disability n．伤残；无力；无能→disabled adj.伤残的；残疾的→able adj.有能力的→enable v．使能够→ability n．能力
4．ambition n．雄心；野心；夙愿→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的
5．absence n．缺席；不在某处→absent adj.缺席的；不在的
6．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoyed adj.颇为生气的→annoying adj.使人烦恼的→annoyance n．烦恼
7．encouragement n．鼓励；奖励→encourage v．鼓励；鼓舞→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的→encouraged adj.受鼓舞的→discourage v．阻止；使灰心→courage n．勇气；胆量
8．assistance n．协助；援助→assist v．帮助；援助→assistant n．助手
9．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺→congratulation n．祝贺；贺词
10．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性→accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
11．approval n．赞成；认可→approve v．支持；赞成；同意→disapprove v．不赞成；反对
[语境活用]
1．For a long time, mental disability was considered shameful and the mentally disabled received little treatment or respect.(disabled)
2．At the school meeting, the encouraging speech given by the headmaster made students greatly encouraged. Thanks to his encouragement,_students studied harder than before. (encourage)
3．Robert is a very ambitious man and one of his ambitions is to travel in Antarctic.(ambition)
4．My friend's talking with full food in his mouth annoyed me. Although I am annoyed with him about his annoying habit, he can't get rid of it. (annoy)
5．Ms. Li is a good assistant,_whose assistance benefits us a lot, and she is assisting us in making chemical experiments in the lab now. (assist)
6．As we all know, fresh air is beneficial to our health and the new park benefits us all, so we should keep it clean. (benefit)
7．Over half of the students in our class approved of another basketball match with Class Two, but their approval was disapproved by our PE teacher. (approve)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.in_other_words 换句话说
2．adapt_to 适合；适应
3．cut_out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)
4．out_of_breath 上气不接下气
5．all_in_all 总而言之
6．sit_around 闲坐着
7．as_well_as 和；也
8．in_many_ways 在很多方面
9．make_fun_of 取笑
10．never_mind 不必担心；没关系；不要紧
11．all_the_best (口语)(祝你)一切顺利
12．meet_with 遇到；经历；会晤
1.Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard; in_other_words,_you failed.
2．Scientists think life on Mars will be better than that on Earth in_many_ways.
3．Most students have a little difficulty in adapting_to the social life after graduating from university.
4．When the children climbed up to the top of the mountain, they were all out_of_breath.
5．Not until he met_with so much difficulty did he realize the importance of team work.
6．All_in_all,_traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.
有时候我的身体也太虚弱，上不了学，因此落下了很多功课。
too ... to ... “太……而不能……”。
对于许多学生来说，如此负担太沉重了，让人难以承受。
For many students such burden would be_too_heavy_to_bear.
2.I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
现在分词短语作伴随状语。
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)欢迎大家来参加，欣赏电影，并发表自己的意见。
Everyone of you will be welcome to take part in it, enjoying_the_movie_and_giving_your_own_comments.
3.For disabled customers it would be more convenient to place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema.
在影院入口处的附近安排厕所会让残疾人顾客感觉更加方便。
it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)首先，早到20分钟会更好，这样可以帮助主人准备晚餐。
To begin with, it_would_be_better_to_arrive_20_minutes_earlier,_so that you can help the host prepare the dinner.
二、课堂重点深化
1．adapt vt.使适应；改编
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Thirdculture kids may not be able to adapt themselves completely to their new surroundings as expected.
②Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.
③The famous expert adapted his speech to_suit (suit) the interests of his audience.
[系统归纳]
(1)adapt to 适应；适合
adapt oneself to 使自己适应
adapt ... to do ... 调整……以做……
(2)adapt ... from ... 根据……改编……
adapt ... for ... 把……改写/改编成……
(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④This new film is said to be adapted to a novel by Jane Austen.第二个to→from
⑤After graduation from college, I gradually adapted myself to live on my own.live→living
佳句时时写
⑥(2018·北京高考书面表达)参加一些网络汉语口语课程可以帮助你适应汉语的语言环境。
Taking some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to_adapt_to_the_Chinese_language_environment.
2．absence n．缺席；不在某处
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He could not account for his absence(absent)from school, so the teacher was angry.
②Dear Miss, I am writing to apologize to you for being absent from the activity of the English club on May 5th.
[系统归纳]
(1)absence from 缺席；不在
absence of mind 心不在焉
in one's absence 某人不在时
in the absence of 由于缺乏
(2)absent adj. 缺席的；心不在焉的
be absent from 不参加；缺席
absentminded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③Actually, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in absence of a native language environment.absence前加the
佳句时时写
④(2017·浙江高考写作)如果妈妈不那么健忘的话，我们不会那么麻烦，一次次回来。
If_Mom_hadn't_been_that_absentminded,_it would have saved us the trouble of going back again and again.
3．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The boss was annoyed with him because he was often late for work this month.
②It was really annoying (annoy); I couldn't get access to the data bank you had recommended.
③I was annoyed at/about his attitude towards the thing.
[系统归纳]
(1)annoyed adj. 颇为生气的；恼火的
be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气
be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气
(2)annoying adj. 使人烦恼的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④I did get a bit annoying because we had cheese sandwiches every lunchtime.annoying→annoyed
佳句时时写
⑤(2016·江苏书面表达)说实话，选民有时候颇为生气，不是因为他们讨厌投票，而是因为他们在情感和公平之间存在分歧。
To_be_honest,_voters_sometimes_feel_annoyed,_not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.
4．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I think it's necessary for us to_congratulate (congratulate) you on the excellent design of the new bridge.
②Congratulations to you on your receiving the first prize of English speech contest.
[系统归纳]
(1)congratulate ... on ... 就……向……祝贺
congratulate ... for ... 因……而祝贺……
(2)congratulation n．[pl.] 祝贺；贺词；恭贺
congratulations (to sb.) on sth. 祝贺(某人)某事
send/offer congratulations to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③I'd like to offer my congratulation to you on your passing the driving test.congratulation→congratulations
佳句时时写(用congratulations on ... 改写句子)
④(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese.
→Congratulations_on_your_making_great_progress_in_learning_Chinese.
5．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性；(使用某物或接近某人的)机会或权利vt.存取；访问
[自主体验]
写出下列句中access的词性和含义
①To sum up, low price, easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot.
n．使用……的机会
②The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.
n．通路
③If all this information becomes even easier to access, is there an even greater risk of distraction？vt.访问
[系统归纳]
(1)have/get/gain (no) access to
有(没有)……的机会；可以(无法)获取/进入/接近
(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to 可接近；可靠近；可使用
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children had no access education.access后加to
佳句时时写
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)鉴于你对中国文化很感兴趣，我建议你申请北京大学，在那里你可以接触到中国最好的传统文化。
Considering your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, where_you_can_gain_access_to_the_best_traditional_Chinese_culture.
1．in other words换句话说
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Word came that the 2024 Olympic Games will be held in Paris, France.
②She hoped he would keep his word. But her hope was a fragile thing.
[系统归纳]
word comes/came that ... 有消息传来说……
in a word 总之；简言之
keep one's word 遵守诺言
break one's word 失信；不守诺言
have a word with ... 与……谈一谈
have words with ... 与……争吵
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(have a word with/have words with )
He just wanted to ③have_a_word_with his wife, but he got so angry during the conversation and finally they ④had_words_with each other.
佳句时时写(用word相关短语翻译句子)
⑤总之，我相信未来我的生活会更加富有，更加多姿多彩。
In_a_word,_I_believe_my_life_will_be_much_richer_and_more_colorful_in_the_future.
⑥(2018·浙江高考写作)我们不知道身在何处。换句话说，我们根本回不到原来那条路上。
We_had_no_idea_where_we_were.In_other_words,_we_couldn't_get_back_along_the_original_track_at_all.
2．out of breath上气不接下气
[系统归纳]
(1)hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
catch one's breath 喘息；屏息
lose one's breath 喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
(2)breathe v. 呼吸
[重点强化]
用法条条清(用breath的相关短语填空)
①When he hurried to the railway station, tired and out_of_breath,_Mike found the train had just left.
②He entered the house, but soon had to run back to catch_his_breath.
③Tom lay still on the ground and held_his_breath when the bear came to him.
易错处处防
④If you take a deeply breath when you swim, you can float on water more easily.deeply→deep
佳句时时写
⑤大约两小时后，我们都到了山顶。尽管(累得)上气不接下气，然而我们看到了美丽的风景。
About 2 hours later, we all reached the top.Though_out_of_breath,_we were_rewarded_with_beautiful_scenery.
3．现在分词短语作状语
[教材原句] I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling_sorry_for_myself.
[自主体验]
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon, lasting_2_hours,_from 4：00 to 6：00.
这部影片将在本周日下午放映，持续两个小时，从4：00到6：00。
②(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing_more_patients_to_be_treated.
近期这家医院得到了新的医疗设备，使得更多的病人得到治疗。
③Having_worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
工作了两天，史蒂夫按时完成了报告。
④Class being over, the children went home.
一放学，孩子们就回家了。
⑤All audience having_taken their seats, the play began.
所有观众就座之后，戏剧开始。
⑥The work done,_we went home.
工作完成后，我们就回家了。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等，可相当于一个状语从句。
(2)现在分词(短语)作状语，含有一般式(doing)、完成式(having done)以及完成被动式(having been done)。
(3)一般情况下，现在或过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立结构。
注意事项
(1)现在分词作状语时，如果表示否定，not放在现在分词前面。
(2)是用现在分词还是过去分词作状语的关键，首先是要分清与逻辑主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动，其次是分清楚其动作和谓语动词动作的先后关系。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2018·北京高考书面表达)Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really absorbed in charming tea culture.
②(增分要点句)(2018·天津高考书面表达)Knowing you have just won first place in the Robotics Competition, I would like to invite you to join us.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“积极的生活态度”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一) 残疾
温故浅易词汇
①use ②disabled ③design
④respect ⑤feeling ⑥consider
⑦accept ⑧offer ⑨ignore
识记生疏词汇
①disability n．残疾 ②handy adj.方便的
③wheelchair n．轮椅 ④special adj.专门的
⑤opportunity n．机会 ⑥dignity n．尊严
⑦convenient adj.方便的 ⑧convenience n．方便
⑨access n．方法；途径 ⑩entrance n．入口
⑪physical adj.身体的 ⑫mental adj.精神的
⑬prejudice n．偏见 ⑭discrimination n．歧视
子话题(二) 积极的生活态度
温故浅易词汇
①honest ②frank ③outgoing ④kind
⑤friendly ⑥reliable ⑦humor ⑧responsible
⑨patient ⑩devoted ⑪hardworking ⑫appreciate
识记生疏词汇
①positive adj.积极乐观的②ambitious adj.有雄心壮志的
③optimistic adj.乐观的 ④creative adj.富有创造力的
⑤independent adj.独立的 ⑥productive adj.富有成效的
⑦faithful adj.忠诚的 ⑧energetic adj.精力充沛的
⑨diligent adj.勤奋的 ⑩inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的
⑪sensible adj.明智的 ⑫modest adj.谦虚的；适度的
⑬generous adj.慷慨的；宽宏大量的
⑭welleducated adj.受过良好教育的
常用词块忆一忆
①suffer from 遭受……之苦
②relieve the pain 减轻痛苦
③operate on 给……做手术
④be in high spirits 兴高采烈；情绪高涨
⑤lead a ...life 过着……的生活
⑥worn out 疲惫不堪的；累坏的
⑦public facilities 公共设施
⑧care about 关心；在乎
⑨be concerned about 关心
⑩within easy reach 很容易拿到
⑪protect ...from ... 保护……以免于……
⑫go through 经历；遭受
写作佳句背一背
①Considering the needs of disabled people, I suggest public facilities should be carefully designed to ensure they can have easy access to them.
②Not only do they need respect and fairness, but also they are dying to be treated equally.
③In conclusion, we should provide them with convenience to make them feel cared and respected no matter where they go.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你市将建一个大型图书馆，考虑到残疾人的需要，请你写一封信给负责该项目的总工程师，提出一些合理化建议。要点如下：
1．入口处应建设残疾人专用斜坡(ramp)通道；
2．阅览室应尽量设在一楼，设置残疾人方便使用的卫生间；
3．书架高度的设计应考虑到坐轮椅的残疾人。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir or Madam，
I have heard that you are to be the architect for the new library in our city. Here I would like to offer you several suggestions.
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
(用方框内的词汇翻译句子)
be placed on, wheelchair, bookshelf, respect, opportunity, consider, access, disabled
1．我建议我们应该设计一个专门的轮椅斜坡通道。
I_suggest_we_should_design_a_special_ramp_for_wheelchairs.
2．阅览室应该设在一楼，厕所应该建在确保残疾人容易到达的地方。
Reading_rooms_should_be_placed_on_the_first_floor,_and_toilets_should_be_built_to_ensure_the_disabled_can_have_access_to_them_easily.
3．要有供坐轮椅的人使用的书架。
There_should_be_bookshelves_for_people_in_the_wheelchairs.
4．他们应该得到尊重和平等读书的机会。
They_should_get_respect_and_the_equal_opportunity_to_read.
5．我真诚地希望你认为这些建议实用。
I_sincerely_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_practical_and_beneficial.
6．感谢你考虑我的建议。
Thank_you_for_considering_my_proposal.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
7．在句1前加上“考虑到残疾人的需要”，并在其后加上状语“在图书馆入口处”。
Considering_the_needs_of_disabled_people，I_suggest_we_should_design_a_special_ramp_for_wheelchairs_at_the_entrance_to_the_library.
8．把句3变换成be expected to do的句式，并用短语be suitable for，最后增加简单句“它们应该设计得触手可及”。
Bookshelves_are_expected_to_be_suitable_for_people_in_wheelchairs._They_should_be_designed_to_be_within_easy_reach.
9．句6用I'd appreciate it if ...和take ... into consideration升级。
I'd_appreciate_it_if_you_would_take_my_proposal_into_consideration.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．用被动语态改写句7。
Considering_the_needs_of_disabled_people,_I_suggest_a_special_ramp_for_wheelchairs_should_be_designed_at_the_entrance_to_the_library.
2．用too ...to ...句型改写句8。
Bookshelves_are_expected_not_to_be_too_high_for_people_in_wheelchairs_to_reach.They_should_be_designed_to_be_within_easy_reach.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
根据语句间的逻辑关系，在提出建议时可添加过渡性词汇to begin with， besides， in addition连接成文。
Dear Sir or Madam，
I have heard that you are to be the architect for the new library in our city. Here I would like to offer you several suggestions.
To_begin_with,_considering_the_needs_of_disabled_people,_I_suggest_a_special_ramp_for_wheelchairs_should_be_designed_at_the_entrance_to_the_library._Besides,_reading_rooms_should_be_placed_on_the_first_floor,_and_toilets_should_be_built_to_ensure_the_disabled_can_have_access_to_them_easily._In_addition,_bookshelves_are_expected_not_to_be_too_high_for_people_in_wheelchairs_to_reach.They_should_be_designed_to_be_within_easy_reach.The_disabled_should_get_respect_and_the_equal_opportunity_to_read.
I_sincerely_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_practical_and_beneficial._I'd_appreciate_it_if_you_would_take_my_proposal_into_consideration.
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying (annoy) and unnecessary.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible (access), and preserve its history and culture.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making (make) fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Not only can playing pingpong build up your body but also shape your character. Additionally, it can help you make more friends, which is essentially beneficial (benefit) to you.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly.
7．(2017·江苏高考)So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.
8．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled (disability) vehicle.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用annoy, conduct, graduation, literature填空)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)Through the years, I'd run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his __52__ from high school and remained the same caring person I met forty years before. graduation
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)Just last year, I was __56__ a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman excused the interruption and handed me an envelope.conducting
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)Rani, my faceless agent whom I'd never met in person, got me rockbottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really __28__ me. I sometimes wished to find another agent.annoyed
4．(2013·安徽高考完形填空)If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a practical reason, such as your job or your studies？Or perhaps you're interested in the __38__， films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a knowledge of the language.literature
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：即使身患残疾，也不能自怨自艾，也要有健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度。只要有一颗勇敢坚强的心，定能克服困难，活出精彩的人生。关于“真善美”以及“正能量”是高考不变的话题，关注社会倡导的健康的生活方式，多留心身边发生的正面故事。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]Many people who have a disability don't let it prevent them from leading full and rich lives. Below is a list of such disabled people.
[2]Stephen Hawking is probably one of the world's best known high achievers with a disability. He is an internationally renowned mathematician who suffers from Motor Neurone Disease. At 35 he was Cambridge's first Gravitational Physics Professor and received the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics Award. He has written a best selling book which was later made into a film called A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes.
[3]Franklin Delano Roosevelt became the 32nd President of the United States. He got Polio in 1921 which left him paralyzed from the waist down. He established a foundation to help others with it and directed the March of Dimes program which eventually funded an effective vaccine.
[4]David Blunkett was an MP, Education Secretary, Home Secretary and Secretary of State for Work and Pensions at various times. He has been blind since birth and has never let this fact hold him back in any aspect of his life.
[5]Tanni Grey Thompson OBE is probably the best known disabled athlete, representing Britain in distances from 100 m to 800 m. She has won 14 Paralympic medals including 9 gold medals and she has broken over 20 records. She has also won 5 London Marathons as a wheelchair athlete and has become a TV presenter.
[6]Francisco Goya (1746－1828) was a Spanish painter who suffered an illness which left him deaf at 46. He went on to create some of the best known Spanish art of the 19th Century. He provided inspiration for the work of later artists including Picasso and Monet.
语篇解读：文中的五个人都是身残志坚的人，他们取得了非凡的成就，他们的故事告诉我们“有志者事竟成”这个道理。
1．What do the above five people have in common?
A．They were all people who lived a terrible life.
B．They were all great people in the science field.
C．They were all great disabled people in America.
D．They were all disabled people who achieved a lot.
解析：选D 细节理解题。通读全文，可知文章中的五个人都是身体有残疾，但取得了了不起的成就的人，故选D。
2．What's the meaning of the underlined word “Polio” in Paragraph 3 ?
A．Accident. B．Poison.
C．Disease. D．Operation.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第三段中“which left him paralyzed from the waist down”可推断Polio 是一种能导致人身体的某些部位瘫痪的疾病，故选C项。
3．From Paragraph 4, we know that David Blunkett's blindness ________.
A．made him lose heart at first
B．often separated him from other people
C．held him back in many aspects of his life
D．didn't prevent him from succeeding in life
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段中“He has been blind since birth and has never let this fact hold him back in any aspect of his life.”可知 David Blunkett虽然双目失明，但这并没有影响他在人生中取得成功，故选D项。
4．Which of the following disabled people achieved a lot in the field of mathematics?
A．Francisco Goya
B．Stephen Hawking
C．Franklin Delano Roosevelt
D．Tanni Grey Thompson OBE
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is an internationally renowned mathematician who suffers from Motor Neurone Disease.”可知Stephen Hawking 在数学领域取得了非凡的成就，故选B项。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
掌握“同义替换”技巧，快速确定正确选项
同义替换是历年高考阅读理解题的命题人常用的设置障碍的技巧，需要注意的是，有时为了增加难度，命题者在保证含义不变的前提下故意将正确选项的句子结构加以改变。如上文第3题题干和正确选项的组合为：“David Blunkett's blindness didn't prevent him from succeeding in life”；文章原句为：“He has been blind since birth and has never let this fact hold him back in any aspect of his life.”可知，正确选项使用了“prevent ... from”替换了原文的“hold ... back”。
Unit 1 Living well
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．hearing n. 听力；听觉
2．eyesight n. 视力
3．dictation n. 口授；听写(的文字)
4．entry n. 项目；进入；入口
5．clumsy adj. 笨拙的
6．bench n. 长凳
7．firm n. 公司
adj. 结实的；坚固的；坚定的
8．psychology n. 心理(学)
9．psychologically adv. 心理(学)地；精神上地
10．politics n. 政治(学)
11．abolish vt. 废除；废止
12．slavery n. 奴隶制
13．literature n. 文学(作品)；著作；文献
14．companion n. 同伴；伙伴
15．certificate n. 证书
16．abolition n. 废除；废止
17.architect n． 建筑师
18．outwards adv. 向外
19．dignity n. 尊严；高贵的品质
20．software n. 软件
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．noisy adj. 吵闹的；嘈杂的
2．outgoing adj. 外向的；友好的；外出的；离开的
3．adapt vt. 使适应；改编
4．fellow adj. 同伴的；同类的
n. 同伴；同志；伙伴
5．conduct n. 行为；品行
vt. 指挥；管理；主持
6．graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼
7．handy adj. 方便的；有用的
8．community n. 社区；团体；社会
9．profit n. 收益；利润；盈利
10．resign vi. &vt. 辞职；辞去(工作；职位等)
11．adequate adj. 足够的；充分的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(知其变)
1．suitable adj.适合的；适宜的→suit v．适合 n．西服；套装
2．beneficial adj.有益的；受益的→benefit n．优势；益处 v．对……有益
3．disability n．伤残；无力；无能→disabled adj.伤残的；残疾的→able adj.有能力的→enable v．使能够→ability n．能力
4．ambition n．雄心；野心；夙愿→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的
5．absence n．缺席；不在某处→absent adj.缺席的；不在的
6．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoyed adj.颇为生气的→annoying adj.使人烦恼的→annoyance n．烦恼
7．encouragement n．鼓励；奖励→encourage v．鼓励；鼓舞→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的→encouraged adj.受鼓舞的→discourage v．阻止；使灰心→courage n．勇气；胆量
8．assistance n．协助；援助→assist v．帮助；援助→assistant n．助手
9．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺→congratulation n．祝贺；贺词
10．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性→accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
11．approval n．赞成；认可→approve v．支持；赞成；同意→disapprove v．不赞成；反对
[语境活用]
1．For a long time, mental disability was considered shameful and the mentally disabled received little treatment or respect.(disabled)
2．At the school meeting, the encouraging speech given by the headmaster made students greatly encouraged. Thanks to his encouragement,_students studied harder than before. (encourage)
3．Robert is a very ambitious man and one of his ambitions is to travel in Antarctic.(ambition)
4．My friend's talking with full food in his mouth annoyed me. Although I am annoyed with him about his annoying habit, he can't get rid of it. (annoy)
5．Ms. Li is a good assistant,_whose assistance benefits us a lot, and she is assisting us in making chemical experiments in the lab now. (assist)
6．As we all know, fresh air is beneficial to our health and the new park benefits us all, so we should keep it clean. (benefit)
7．Over half of the students in our class approved of another basketball match with Class Two, but their approval was disapproved by our PE teacher. (approve)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.in_other_words 换句话说
2．adapt_to 适合；适应
3．cut_out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)
4．out_of_breath 上气不接下气
5．all_in_all 总而言之
6．sit_around 闲坐着
7．as_well_as 和；也
8．in_many_ways 在很多方面
9．make_fun_of 取笑
10．never_mind 不必担心；没关系；不要紧
11．all_the_best (口语)(祝你)一切顺利
12．meet_with 遇到；经历；会晤
1.Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard; in_other_words,_you failed.
2．Scientists think life on Mars will be better than that on Earth in_many_ways.
3．Most students have a little difficulty in adapting_to the social life after graduating from university.
4．When the children climbed up to the top of the mountain, they were all out_of_breath.
5．Not until he met_with so much difficulty did he realize the importance of team work.
6．All_in_all,_traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.
有时候我的身体也太虚弱，上不了学，因此落下了很多功课。
too ... to ... “太……而不能……”。
对于许多学生来说，如此负担太沉重了，让人难以承受。
For many students such burden would be_too_heavy_to_bear.
2.I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
现在分词短语作伴随状语。
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)欢迎大家来参加，欣赏电影，并发表自己的意见。
Everyone of you will be welcome to take part in it, enjoying_the_movie_and_giving_your_own_comments.
3.For disabled customers it would be more convenient to place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema.
在影院入口处的附近安排厕所会让残疾人顾客感觉更加方便。
it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)首先，早到20分钟会更好，这样可以帮助主人准备晚餐。
To begin with, it_would_be_better_to_arrive_20_minutes_earlier,_so that you can help the host prepare the dinner.
二、课堂重点深化
1．adapt vt.使适应；改编
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Thirdculture kids may not be able to adapt themselves completely to their new surroundings as expected.
②Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.
③The famous expert adapted his speech to_suit (suit) the interests of his audience.
[系统归纳]
(1)adapt to 适应；适合
adapt oneself to 使自己适应
adapt ... to do ... 调整……以做……
(2)adapt ... from ... 根据……改编……
adapt ... for ... 把……改写/改编成……
(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④This new film is said to be adapted to a novel by Jane Austen.第二个to→from
⑤After graduation from college, I gradually adapted myself to live on my own.live→living
佳句时时写
⑥(2018·北京高考书面表达)参加一些网络汉语口语课程可以帮助你适应汉语的语言环境。
Taking some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to_adapt_to_the_Chinese_language_environment.
2．absence n．缺席；不在某处
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He could not account for his absence(absent)from school, so the teacher was angry.
②Dear Miss, I am writing to apologize to you for being absent from the activity of the English club on May 5th.
[系统归纳]
(1)absence from 缺席；不在
absence of mind 心不在焉
in one's absence 某人不在时
in the absence of 由于缺乏
(2)absent adj. 缺席的；心不在焉的
be absent from 不参加；缺席
absentminded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③Actually, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in absence of a native language environment.absence前加the
佳句时时写
④(2017·浙江高考写作)如果妈妈不那么健忘的话，我们不会那么麻烦，一次次回来。
If_Mom_hadn't_been_that_absentminded,_it would have saved us the trouble of going back again and again.
3．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The boss was annoyed with him because he was often late for work this month.
②It was really annoying (annoy); I couldn't get access to the data bank you had recommended.
③I was annoyed at/about his attitude towards the thing.
[系统归纳]
(1)annoyed adj. 颇为生气的；恼火的
be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气
be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气
(2)annoying adj. 使人烦恼的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④I did get a bit annoying because we had cheese sandwiches every lunchtime.annoying→annoyed
佳句时时写
⑤(2016·江苏书面表达)说实话，选民有时候颇为生气，不是因为他们讨厌投票，而是因为他们在情感和公平之间存在分歧。
To_be_honest,_voters_sometimes_feel_annoyed,_not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.
4．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I think it's necessary for us to_congratulate (congratulate) you on the excellent design of the new bridge.
②Congratulations to you on your receiving the first prize of English speech contest.
[系统归纳]
(1)congratulate ... on ... 就……向……祝贺
congratulate ... for ... 因……而祝贺……
(2)congratulation n．[pl.] 祝贺；贺词；恭贺
congratulations (to sb.) on sth. 祝贺(某人)某事
send/offer congratulations to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③I'd like to offer my congratulation to you on your passing the driving test.congratulation→congratulations
佳句时时写(用congratulations on ... 改写句子)
④(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese.
→Congratulations_on_your_making_great_progress_in_learning_Chinese.
5．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性；(使用某物或接近某人的)机会或权利vt.存取；访问
[自主体验]
写出下列句中access的词性和含义
①To sum up, low price, easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot.
n．使用……的机会
②The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.
n．通路
③If all this information becomes even easier to access, is there an even greater risk of distraction？vt.访问
[系统归纳]
(1)have/get/gain (no) access to
有(没有)……的机会；可以(无法)获取/进入/接近
(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to 可接近；可靠近；可使用
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children had no access education.access后加to
佳句时时写
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)鉴于你对中国文化很感兴趣，我建议你申请北京大学，在那里你可以接触到中国最好的传统文化。
Considering your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, where_you_can_gain_access_to_the_best_traditional_Chinese_culture.
1．in other words换句话说
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Word came that the 2024 Olympic Games will be held in Paris, France.
②She hoped he would keep his word. But her hope was a fragile thing.
[系统归纳]
word comes/came that ... 有消息传来说……
in a word 总之；简言之
keep one's word 遵守诺言
break one's word 失信；不守诺言
have a word with ... 与……谈一谈
have words with ... 与……争吵
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(have a word with/have words with )
He just wanted to ③have_a_word_with his wife, but he got so angry during the conversation and finally they ④had_words_with each other.
佳句时时写(用word相关短语翻译句子)
⑤总之，我相信未来我的生活会更加富有，更加多姿多彩。
In_a_word,_I_believe_my_life_will_be_much_richer_and_more_colorful_in_the_future.
⑥(2018·浙江高考写作)我们不知道身在何处。换句话说，我们根本回不到原来那条路上。
We_had_no_idea_where_we_were.In_other_words,_we_couldn't_get_back_along_the_original_track_at_all.
2．out of breath上气不接下气
[系统归纳]
(1)hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
catch one's breath 喘息；屏息
lose one's breath 喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
(2)breathe v. 呼吸
[重点强化]
用法条条清(用breath的相关短语填空)
①When he hurried to the railway station, tired and out_of_breath,_Mike found the train had just left.
②He entered the house, but soon had to run back to catch_his_breath.
③Tom lay still on the ground and held_his_breath when the bear came to him.
易错处处防
④If you take a deeply breath when you swim, you can float on water more easily.deeply→deep
佳句时时写
⑤大约两小时后，我们都到了山顶。尽管(累得)上气不接下气，然而我们看到了美丽的风景。
About 2 hours later, we all reached the top.Though_out_of_breath,_we were_rewarded_with_beautiful_scenery.
3．现在分词短语作状语
[教材原句] I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling_sorry_for_myself.
[自主体验]
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon, lasting_2_hours,_from 4：00 to 6：00.
这部影片将在本周日下午放映，持续两个小时，从4：00到6：00。
②(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing_more_patients_to_be_treated.
近期这家医院得到了新的医疗设备，使得更多的病人得到治疗。
③Having_worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
工作了两天，史蒂夫按时完成了报告。
④Class being over, the children went home.
一放学，孩子们就回家了。
⑤All audience having_taken their seats, the play began.
所有观众就座之后，戏剧开始。
⑥The work done,_we went home.
工作完成后，我们就回家了。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等，可相当于一个状语从句。
(2)现在分词(短语)作状语，含有一般式(doing)、完成式(having done)以及完成被动式(having been done)。
(3)一般情况下，现在或过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立结构。
注意事项
(1)现在分词作状语时，如果表示否定，not放在现在分词前面。
(2)是用现在分词还是过去分词作状语的关键，首先是要分清与逻辑主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动，其次是分清楚其动作和谓语动词动作的先后关系。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2018·北京高考书面表达)Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really absorbed in charming tea culture.
②(增分要点句)(2018·天津高考书面表达)Knowing you have just won first place in the Robotics Competition, I would like to invite you to join us.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“积极的生活态度”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一) 残疾
温故浅易词汇
①use ②disabled ③design
④respect ⑤feeling ⑥consider
⑦accept ⑧offer ⑨ignore
识记生疏词汇
①disability n．残疾 ②handy adj.方便的
③wheelchair n．轮椅 ④special adj.专门的
⑤opportunity n．机会 ⑥dignity n．尊严
⑦convenient adj.方便的 ⑧convenience n．方便
⑨access n．方法；途径 ⑩entrance n．入口
⑪physical adj.身体的 ⑫mental adj.精神的
⑬prejudice n．偏见 ⑭discrimination n．歧视
子话题(二) 积极的生活态度
温故浅易词汇
①honest ②frank ③outgoing ④kind
⑤friendly ⑥reliable ⑦humor ⑧responsible
⑨patient ⑩devoted ⑪hardworking ⑫appreciate
识记生疏词汇
①positive adj.积极乐观的②ambitious adj.有雄心壮志的
③optimistic adj.乐观的 ④creative adj.富有创造力的
⑤independent adj.独立的 ⑥productive adj.富有成效的
⑦faithful adj.忠诚的 ⑧energetic adj.精力充沛的
⑨diligent adj.勤奋的 ⑩inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的
⑪sensible adj.明智的 ⑫modest adj.谦虚的；适度的
⑬generous adj.慷慨的；宽宏大量的
⑭welleducated adj.受过良好教育的
常用词块忆一忆
①suffer from 遭受……之苦
②relieve the pain 减轻痛苦
③operate on 给……做手术
④be in high spirits 兴高采烈；情绪高涨
⑤lead a ...life 过着……的生活
⑥worn out 疲惫不堪的；累坏的
⑦public facilities 公共设施
⑧care about 关心；在乎
⑨be concerned about 关心
⑩within easy reach 很容易拿到
⑪protect ...from ... 保护……以免于……
⑫go through 经历；遭受
写作佳句背一背
①Considering the needs of disabled people, I suggest public facilities should be carefully designed to ensure they can have easy access to them.
②Not only do they need respect and fairness, but also they are dying to be treated equally.
③In conclusion, we should provide them with convenience to make them feel cared and respected no matter where they go.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你市将建一个大型图书馆，考虑到残疾人的需要，请你写一封信给负责该项目的总工程师，提出一些合理化建议。要点如下：
1．入口处应建设残疾人专用斜坡(ramp)通道；
2．阅览室应尽量设在一楼，设置残疾人方便使用的卫生间；
3．书架高度的设计应考虑到坐轮椅的残疾人。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir or Madam，
I have heard that you are to be the architect for the new library in our city. Here I would like to offer you several suggestions.
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
(用方框内的词汇翻译句子)
be placed on, wheelchair, bookshelf, respect, opportunity, consider, access, disabled
1．我建议我们应该设计一个专门的轮椅斜坡通道。
I_suggest_we_should_design_a_special_ramp_for_wheelchairs.
2．阅览室应该设在一楼，厕所应该建在确保残疾人容易到达的地方。
Reading_rooms_should_be_placed_on_the_first_floor,_and_toilets_should_be_built_to_ensure_the_disabled_can_have_access_to_them_easily.
3．要有供坐轮椅的人使用的书架。
There_should_be_bookshelves_for_people_in_the_wheelchairs.
4．他们应该得到尊重和平等读书的机会。
They_should_get_respect_and_the_equal_opportunity_to_read.
5．我真诚地希望你认为这些建议实用。
I_sincerely_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_practical_and_beneficial.
6．感谢你考虑我的建议。
Thank_you_for_considering_my_proposal.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
7．在句1前加上“考虑到残疾人的需要”，并在其后加上状语“在图书馆入口处”。
Considering_the_needs_of_disabled_people，I_suggest_we_should_design_a_special_ramp_for_wheelchairs_at_the_entrance_to_the_library.
8．把句3变换成be expected to do的句式，并用短语be suitable for，最后增加简单句“它们应该设计得触手可及”。
Bookshelves_are_expected_to_be_suitable_for_people_in_wheelchairs._They_should_be_designed_to_be_within_easy_reach.
9．句6用I'd appreciate it if ...和take ... into consideration升级。
I'd_appreciate_it_if_you_would_take_my_proposal_into_consideration.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．用被动语态改写句7。
Considering_the_needs_of_disabled_people,_I_suggest_a_special_ramp_for_wheelchairs_should_be_designed_at_the_entrance_to_the_library.
2．用too ...to ...句型改写句8。
Bookshelves_are_expected_not_to_be_too_high_for_people_in_wheelchairs_to_reach.They_should_be_designed_to_be_within_easy_reach.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
根据语句间的逻辑关系，在提出建议时可添加过渡性词汇to begin with， besides， in addition连接成文。
Dear Sir or Madam，
I have heard that you are to be the architect for the new library in our city. Here I would like to offer you several suggestions.
To_begin_with,_considering_the_needs_of_disabled_people,_I_suggest_a_special_ramp_for_wheelchairs_should_be_designed_at_the_entrance_to_the_library._Besides,_reading_rooms_should_be_placed_on_the_first_floor,_and_toilets_should_be_built_to_ensure_the_disabled_can_have_access_to_them_easily._In_addition,_bookshelves_are_expected_not_to_be_too_high_for_people_in_wheelchairs_to_reach.They_should_be_designed_to_be_within_easy_reach.The_disabled_should_get_respect_and_the_equal_opportunity_to_read.
I_sincerely_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_practical_and_beneficial._I'd_appreciate_it_if_you_would_take_my_proposal_into_consideration.
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying (annoy) and unnecessary.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible (access), and preserve its history and culture.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making (make) fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Not only can playing pingpong build up your body but also shape your character. Additionally, it can help you make more friends, which is essentially beneficial (benefit) to you.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly.
7．(2017·江苏高考)So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.
8．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled (disability) vehicle.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用annoy, conduct, graduation, literature填空)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)Through the years, I'd run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his __52__ from high school and remained the same caring person I met forty years before. graduation
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)Just last year, I was __56__ a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman excused the interruption and handed me an envelope.conducting
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)Rani, my faceless agent whom I'd never met in person, got me rockbottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really __28__ me. I sometimes wished to find another agent.annoyed
4．(2013·安徽高考完形填空)If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a practical reason, such as your job or your studies？Or perhaps you're interested in the __38__， films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a knowledge of the language.literature
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：即使身患残疾，也不能自怨自艾，也要有健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度。只要有一颗勇敢坚强的心，定能克服困难，活出精彩的人生。关于“真善美”以及“正能量”是高考不变的话题，关注社会倡导的健康的生活方式，多留心身边发生的正面故事。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]Many people who have a disability don't let it prevent them from leading full and rich lives. Below is a list of such disabled people.
[2]Stephen Hawking is probably one of the world's best known high achievers with a disability. He is an internationally renowned mathematician who suffers from Motor Neurone Disease. At 35 he was Cambridge's first Gravitational Physics Professor and received the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics Award. He has written a best selling book which was later made into a film called A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes.
[3]Franklin Delano Roosevelt became the 32nd President of the United States. He got Polio in 1921 which left him paralyzed from the waist down. He established a foundation to help others with it and directed the March of Dimes program which eventually funded an effective vaccine.
[4]David Blunkett was an MP, Education Secretary, Home Secretary and Secretary of State for Work and Pensions at various times. He has been blind since birth and has never let this fact hold him back in any aspect of his life.
[5]Tanni Grey Thompson OBE is probably the best known disabled athlete, representing Britain in distances from 100 m to 800 m. She has won 14 Paralympic medals including 9 gold medals and she has broken over 20 records. She has also won 5 London Marathons as a wheelchair athlete and has become a TV presenter.
[6]Francisco Goya (1746－1828) was a Spanish painter who suffered an illness which left him deaf at 46. He went on to create some of the best known Spanish art of the 19th Century. He provided inspiration for the work of later artists including Picasso and Monet.
语篇解读：文中的五个人都是身残志坚的人，他们取得了非凡的成就，他们的故事告诉我们“有志者事竟成”这个道理。
1．What do the above five people have in common?
A．They were all people who lived a terrible life.
B．They were all great people in the science field.
C．They were all great disabled people in America.
D．They were all disabled people who achieved a lot.
解析：选D 细节理解题。通读全文，可知文章中的五个人都是身体有残疾，但取得了了不起的成就的人，故选D。
2．What's the meaning of the underlined word “Polio” in Paragraph 3 ?
A．Accident. B．Poison.
C．Disease. D．Operation.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第三段中“which left him paralyzed from the waist down”可推断Polio 是一种能导致人身体的某些部位瘫痪的疾病，故选C项。
3．From Paragraph 4, we know that David Blunkett's blindness ________.
A．made him lose heart at first
B．often separated him from other people
C．held him back in many aspects of his life
D．didn't prevent him from succeeding in life
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段中“He has been blind since birth and has never let this fact hold him back in any aspect of his life.”可知 David Blunkett虽然双目失明，但这并没有影响他在人生中取得成功，故选D项。
4．Which of the following disabled people achieved a lot in the field of mathematics?
A．Francisco Goya
B．Stephen Hawking
C．Franklin Delano Roosevelt
D．Tanni Grey Thompson OBE
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is an internationally renowned mathematician who suffers from Motor Neurone Disease.”可知Stephen Hawking 在数学领域取得了非凡的成就，故选B项。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
掌握“同义替换”技巧，快速确定正确选项
同义替换是历年高考阅读理解题的命题人常用的设置障碍的技巧，需要注意的是，有时为了增加难度，命题者在保证含义不变的前提下故意将正确选项的句子结构加以改变。如上文第3题题干和正确选项的组合为：“David Blunkett's blindness didn't prevent him from succeeding in life”；文章原句为：“He has been blind since birth and has never let this fact hold him back in any aspect of his life.”可知，正确选项使用了“prevent ... from”替换了原文的“hold ... back”。
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