2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮复习外研新课改省份专用讲义：必修四Module6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorl


Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World



一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．monster n．　　　　　 怪物
2．footprint n. 脚印；足迹
3．creature n. 动物；生物
4．grey adj. 灰色的
5．claw n. 爪
6．nail n. (手、脚的)指甲；爪
7．journal n. 杂志；学报；期刊
8．sighting n. (珍奇动物等的)目击；发现
9．seal n. 海豹
10．volcanic adj. 火山的
11．myth n. 神话；神话故事_
12．evolve vi. 进化；演变
13．border n. 边境；国界
14．unpredictable adj. 变化莫测的
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．attack vt.　　　　　　袭击；攻击
2．claim vt. 声称
3．surface n. 表面；水面
4．calm adj. 平静的
5．sceptical adj. 怀疑的；不相信的
6．unlikely adj. 不可能的
7．cover vt. 占地(多大面积)
8．adapt vi. 适应；适合
9．disappear vi. 不见；消失
10．generous adj. 有雅量的；大方的；心地高尚的
11．reputation n. 名誉；名声
12．extinct adj. 绝种的；消亡了的
13．fierce adj. 凶猛的；残暴的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．frightening adj.吓人的→frightened adj.害怕的→frighten vt.使害怕；使惊吓→fright n．害怕
2．exist vi.存在→existence n．存在
3．mysterious adj.神秘的→mystery n．神秘之事；神秘
4．destruction n．毁坏→destroy v．毁坏；摧毁→destructive adj.毁灭性的；破坏性的
5．positive adj.正面的→negative adj.负面的
6．indicate vt.象征；暗示→indication n．象征；迹象
7．identity n．身份；特性→identify vt.确定；辨别→identification n．身份证明
8．fortune n．运气；命运；财富→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
[语境活用]
1．To his fright,_the frightening scene frightened the other frightened children into crying.(frighten)
2．There exists an old hospital at the corner, but no one knows when it came into existence.(exist)
3．Some natural mysteries of the ancient times are still mysterious to people today.(mystery)
4．People destroy forests and rivers for their own benefit. Their destructive activities are likely to cause the destruction of the earth.(destroy)
5．Fortunately,_he came to the new island safely. It is also fortunate for him to make his fortune here.(fortune)
6．You don't need an identity,_and all you need is proper identification so that the guards can identify you. (identify)

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.close_to　　接近；靠近
2．stick_out 伸出
3．be_sceptical_about 对……怀疑
4．be_related_to 与……有关
5．come_straight_to_the_point　谈正题；开门见山
6．cut_off 切断；使隔绝
7．throw_light_on 帮助弄清楚；阐明某事；照亮
8．die_out 灭绝
9．go_for 选择；喜欢
10．due_to 由于；因……造成
1.The rise in crime is likely to be_related_to an increase in unemployment.
2．I think I'll go_for the steak. What are you having?
3．There's no point in beating around the bush. Let's come_straight_to_the_point.
4．The restaurant's success was largely due_to its new manager.
5．With the living environment becoming worse and worse, many of the earth's species are dying_out.
6．I believe the teacher's explanation will throw_light_on this puzzling problem.
7．The village was cut_off from the outside world by heavy snow for a month.
8．Although Jack has made good preparations for the match, he is still sceptical_about his chance of winning.

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.
他声称看见一个黑黑的、圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。
to have seen是动词不定式的完成式。
警方似乎已经找到了他犯罪的新证据。
The police seem to_have_found_the_new_evidence of his crime.
2.They say that the low­temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.
他们说，水温这样低的湖泊不可能生存有体形如此巨大的动物。
be unlikely to do sth.“不可能做某事”。
由于离截止日期还有这么短的时间，约翰不太可能按时完成工作。
With such a short time left before the deadline, it is_unlikely_for_John_to_finish the job on time.
3.Other members of the royal family were allowed to wear dragon symbols, too, but with fewer claws and of a different colour.
也允许皇室的其他成员穿带有龙标志的袍子，但袍子上龙的爪子少了并且颜色也不同。
“be＋of＋名词”结构，表示主语的类属或属性。
人们普遍认为，学好英语对我们大家都有益处。
It is universally acknowledged that learning English well will be_of_great_benefit_to_us_all.

二、课堂重点深化

1．attack vt.袭击；攻击；抨击；(疾病)侵袭n.攻击；进攻；抨击；(病情)发作
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The killer insisted that she was defending herself when attacked (attack).
②The enemy made an attack on the small town last night.
③Newspapers attacked the government for failing to cut taxes.
④The company has come under_fierce attack for its decision to close the factory.
　[系统归纳]
(1)attack sb. for (doing) sth. 由于(做)某事而抨击某人
attack sb. with sth. 用某物攻击某人
be attacked with a disease 患病
(2)make an attack on/upon ... 对……发动进攻
be/come under attack 受到攻击；遭到袭击
heart attack n. 心脏病发作
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑤它帮助我们生存，让我们有力量在受到攻击或面对不公正的时候反击或逃跑。
It helps us survive, giving us the strength to fight back or run away when_attacked_or_faced with_injustice.
2．exist vi.存在；生存；生活；继续存在
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①No one knows when such a custom first came into existence (exist)．
②He finds it hard to exist on the money he's earning.
③There existed an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses, so a judgment was not announced in court.
④It was said that this was the only copy of the book in existence.
　[系统归纳]
(1)exist in　　　　　　　　 存在于……之中
exist on ＝ live on 靠……生存；靠……生活
There exist(s) ... 有/存在……
(2)existence n. 存在；生存；生活
in existence 现存的；存在的
come into existence/being 产生；存在
(3)existing adj. 现存的；存在的
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑤在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。
The_parking_place_for_bikes_was_an_existing_problem for a long time in our school.
3．calm adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的v.(使)平静；(使)镇定下来n.平静；宁静
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①She was breathing deeply and tried to calm herself (she).
②The police found that it was difficult to calm down the angry crowd.
补全句子
③Faced with the crisis, the government stayed/kept/remained_calm and took timely measures.
面对危机，政府保持镇静，及时采取了措施。
　[系统归纳]
(1)calm oneself　　　　　 (使)自己平静下来
calm (sb.) down (使某人)平静下来，镇静下来
(2)keep/stay/remain calm 保持镇定
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④在我看来，这么好的事情会让你很容易平静下来并且会给你继续前进的勇气。
In my opinion, such wonderful things will_calm_you_down_easily_and give_you_the courage_to_move_on.

4．adapt vi.适应；适合；改编；改写
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①All in all, I hope you can adapt yourself (you) to the new environment and we can become good friends.
②Adapted (adapt) from J．K. Rowling's book series of the same title, the “Harry Potter” movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
③(2015·浙江高考) Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living (live) in the sun's light.
④Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.
　[系统归纳]
(1)adapt oneself to　　　 使自己适应
adapt to 适应；适合
adapt ...from ... 根据……改写/改编……
adapt ...for ... 改(编)……为……之用
(2)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的
adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(adapt/adopt)
⑤The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to adapt to his new life.
佳句时时写
⑥(2018·北京高考书面表达) 参加一些汉语口语的在线课程可以帮助你适应中国的语言环境。
Taking_some_online_courses_of_spoken_Chinese_can_be_helpful_for_you_to_adapt_yourself_to_the_Chinese_language_environment.
5．fortune n．运气；命运；财富
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①My cousin was fortunate to_find (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
②The war brought people nothing but misfortune (fortune) and disaster.
根据提示完成小片段
③In the 1980s, Li Hua went to the south to_try_his_fortune (碰运气). But he made_no_fortune (没有发财). Fortunately (幸运的是), he met with a boss who fed pigs. With his help, Li Hua made_his_fortune (发财) later by feeding pigs.
　[系统归纳]
(1)try one's fortune　　　　 碰运气
bring good fortune 带来好运
seek one's fortune 寻找出路；寻找发财的机会
make a fortune 发财
(2)fortunate adj. 运气好的；幸运的
fortunately adv. 幸运地
unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地
misfortune n. 厄运；不幸
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④幸运的是，人们开始意识到这种形式是多么严重。
Fortunately,_people_are_beginning_to_realize_how_serious_this_situation_is._

1．die out灭绝；(习俗、习惯等)逐渐消失
　[系统归纳]
die away　　　　　 (声音或感情等)慢慢变弱，逐渐消失
die down (风或噪音等)渐弱；逐渐平息
die off (家族、种族等)相继死亡
die of/from ... 死于……
be dying for 很想要；渴望
　[重点强化]
选用上述短语填空
①Many rare animals are dying_out. We must find ways to protect the environment.
②Although the wind now died_down completely, the air was still as cold as before.
③As the sound of the music_died_away,_the film came to an end.
④With more and more birds_dying_off,_some day some species will die out completely.
易错对对碰(die of/die from)
⑤His grandfather died_from the wound that the enemy soldier had given him, and then his grandmother died_of hunger.
佳句时时写
⑥(2015·四川高考书面表达)你提到你想要教英语作为回报，这正是我想要的。
You_mentioned_that_you_would_like_to_teach_English_in_return,_which_is_exactly_what_I_am_dying_for._
2．due to由于；因……造成；应支付；归因于
　[自主体验]
补全句子
①That money is_due_to_me,_but I haven't got it yet.
那笔钱是应付给我的，而我至今还未拿到。
②The bus should have arrived at 5：00 pm, but it arrived one hour late due_to_the heavy_fog.
公共汽车本应下午五点钟到达的，但由于大雾它晚了一个小时。
　[系统归纳]
be due to do sth.　　 预计做某事；预定要做某事
be due to sth./sb. 归因于某事/某人；应付给某人……
be due for sth. 应得到某物
　[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺(问题)正变得日益严重。
It is well­known that the global water shortage is_becoming_increasingly severe_due to_global_warming.
3．动词不定式的完成式
　[教材原句]　He claims to_have_seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.
　[自主体验]
①In order not to_be_abandoned by the society, no matter who we are, we must relate to the call of the times.
为了不被社会抛弃，无论我们是谁，我们都必须与时代的召唤联系在一起。
②The boy pretended to_be_concentrating on his lesson, but in fact his mind was wandering.
那男孩假装在专心听讲，但实际上他的脑子在走神。
③I'm terribly sorry to_have_put you through so much trouble.
我非常抱歉给你添了这么多麻烦。
　[归纳点拨]
(1)一般式“to do; to be done”表示不定式的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同一时间发生或发生在谓语动词表示的动作后。
(2)进行式“to be doing”表示不定式的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同一时间发生，并且动作正在进行。
(3)完成式“to have done; to have been done”表示不定式的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。
　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2017·天津高考书面表达) I have successfully got admitted as a volunteer for the 13th National Games, which is scheduled to be held at the end of August in Tianjin.
②(增分要点句)I felt it an honour to have been invited to your birthday party last year.


本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自然”中的“地球奥秘探索”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一)　自然地貌
温故浅易词汇
①lake　　②ocean　　③beach ④shore ⑤coast ⑥harbor
⑦island ⑧wave ⑨range
识记生疏词汇
①stream n．溪流　　②pond n．池塘
③bay n. 海湾 ④port n. 港口
⑤strait n. 海峡 ⑥wetland n. 湿地；沼泽地
⑦cave n. 洞穴 ⑧continent n. 大陆，洲
⑨plain n. 平原 ⑩jungle n. 丛林，密林

子话题(二)　动物保护
温故浅易词汇
①insect　②bee　③butterfly　④lack
⑤provide ⑥shark ⑦whale ⑧reserve
⑨attack ⑩feed ⑪raise ⑫protect
识记生疏词汇
①sparrow n．麻雀　　②illegally adv.非法地
③eagle n．鹰 ④rooster n．公鸡
⑤kangaroo n．袋鼠 ⑥zebra n．斑马
⑦antelope n．羚羊 ⑧penguin n．企鹅
⑨endangered adj.濒临灭绝的 ⑩species n．物种
词汇
⑪flock vi.聚集；成群而行　⑫survive v．幸存
⑬evolution n．演变；进化论 ⑭wildlife n．野生动植物
⑮ecology n．生态学 ⑯habitat n．栖息地，产地

常用词块忆一忆
①be native to 原产于……　　
②take measures 采取措施
③dozens of 许多
④run after 追逐
⑤belong to 属于
⑥be linked to 与……有联系
⑦result in 导致
⑧be similar to 与……相似
⑨search for 寻找
⑩in danger 处于危险中
⑪a great deal of 许多
⑫take place 发生
⑬a chain of 一串
⑭over the past several decades 在过去的几十年里
写作佳句背一背
①The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
②In fact, so little do we know about the universe that we are not even aware how it came into being.
③We'll try to get as close as possible to the animals, even though they are dangerous, so that we can take some really good photographs.

二、“分步写作”表达准一点
话题应用文分步写作

假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter来信和你就野生动物的保护展开讨论。请你用英语写一封回信，主要内容包括：
1．野生动物所处的现状；
2．保护野生动物面临的困难；
3．你的想法。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter,
I'm writing to discuss with you about wildlife protection. 　

　


I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
　　　
第一步：句写对——给词写句

in danger, on the edge of, extinction, take measures, carry out, lack, awareness, result in, illegally, provide, make laws, protect, make a difference　　
1．一些野生生物正处于危险之中。
Some_wildlife_is_in_danger._
2．许多野生动物濒临灭绝。
Many_wild_animals_are_on_the_edge_of_extinction._
3．采取措施帮助那些动物是有必要的。
It's_necessary_to_take_measures_to_help_those_animals._
4．这些措施很难实施。
The_measures_are_difficult_to_carry_out._
5．许多人缺乏保护野生生物的意识。
Many_people_lack_the_awareness_of_wildlife_protection._
6．这导致了非法狩猎动物。
It_results_in_hunting_the_animals_illegally._
7．很少有人愿意提供资金。
Few_people_are_willing_to_provide_money._
8．他们认为这对他们来说是没有用的。
They_think_it_is_of_no_use_to_them._
9．政府应该制定更多的法律来保护野生动物。
The_government_should_make_more_laws_to_protect_wildlife._
10．我们的学校应该教学生注意野生生物保护。
Our_schools_should_teach_students_to_pay_attention_to_wildlife_protection.
11．我们应该尽我们所能去产生影响。
We_should_do_whatever_we_can_to_make_a_difference.
12．我想知道你的观点。
I_want_to_know_your_opinion._
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
13．在第1句中加入修饰语“由于环境破坏”。
Some_wildlife_is_in_danger_due_to_environmental_destruction._
14．在第2句中加入修饰语“因为狩猎”。
Many_wild_animals_are_on_the_edge_of_extinction_because_of_hunting.
15．在第7句中加入修饰语“为动物保护”。
Few_people_are_willing_to_provide_money_for_animal_protection._
16．在第11句中加入修饰语“在这个项目中”。
We_should_do_whatever_we_can_to_make_a_difference_in_the_project._
第三步：语写美——词句升格
1．把第13句和第14句合并成一个并列句。
Some_wildlife_is_in_danger_due_to_environmental_destruction_and_many_wild_animals_are_on_the_edge_of_extinction_because_of_hunting._
2．用though引导的让步状语从句连接第3句和第4句。
Though_it's_necessary_to_take_measures_to_help_those_animals,_the_measures_are_difficult_to_carry_out._
3．用现在分词作状语连接第5句和第6句。
Many_people_lack_the_awareness_of_wildlife_protection,_resulting_in_hunting_the_animals_illegally._
4．用as引导的状语从句连接第8句和第15句。
Few_people_are_willing_to_provide_money_for_animal_protection_as_they_think_it_is_of_no_use_to_them._
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
用as we know， firstly， besides， in my opinion， last but not least， meanwhile等词汇连句成文。
Dear Peter,
I'm writing to discuss with you about wildlife protection. As_we_know,_some_wildlife_is_in danger_due_to_environmental_destruction_and_many_wild_animals_are_on_the_edge_of_extinction_because_of_hunting._
Though_it's_necessary_to_take_measures_to_help_those_animals,_the_measures_are_difficult_to_carry_out._Firstly,_many_people_lack_the_awareness_of_wildlife_protection,_resulting_in_hunting_the_animals_illegally._Besides,_few_people_are_willing_to_provide_money_for_animal_protection_as_they_think_it_is_of_no_use_to_them._
In_my_opinion,_the_government_should_make_more_laws_to_protect_wildlife._Our_schools_should_teach_students_to_pay_attention_to_wildlife_protection._Last_but_not_least,_we_should_do_whatever_we_can_to_make_a_difference_in_the_project._Meanwhile,_I_want_to_know_your_opinion._
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Jamie keeps having a positive (积极的) attitude and running after his goals.
2．An underground organisation has claimed (声称) responsibility for the bomb explosion.
3．The older a person is, the slower it will be for him to adapt (适应) to changes.
4．It is important to keep calm (冷静的) in an emergency.
5．He is a well­respected teacher and has won a good reputation (名声) for all he has done for the kids.
6．Ms. Alice is considered a generous (心地高尚的) lady by us, for she often helps the poor people.
7．There is worldwide concern about the destruction (毁坏) of the rain forests.
8．She hid her thoughts behind a mysterious (神秘的) smile.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．Why have so many species died ❶out? Some scientists think it is ❷related (relate) to climate change, while others are sceptical ❸about it.Both sides still can't throw light ❹on the real reason.We believe that with the development of science and technology, the real reason will come to light.
2．Although Wang Gang likes getting close ❶to nature, he goes ❷for working underground in a coal mine, which is almost cut ❸off from the outside world.It is due ❹to the fact that his family is very poor and that he is badly in need of money for his sick mother.
3．Research ❶indicates (indicate) that some animals are ❷dying (die) out.They go extinct partly because they can't adapt ❸to the environment, partly due to human activities.As we all know, human activities destroy the habitats on ❹which they exist in order to make a fortune.❺Fortunately (fortune), people have realized the seriousness of the problem.Therefore it's time that we should work together to protect the animals.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子/句型转换
1．在炎热的阳光下工作了几个小时后，这些人都渴望喝一杯冰镇啤酒。(be dying for)
After hours of working in the hot sun, the men were_dying_for_a_cold_beer.
2．由于对酒后驾车的严格规定，交通事故的数量大大减少。(due to)
Due_to_the_strict_traffic_regulations on drunk driving, the number of traffic accidents has greatly decreased.
3．科学家们声称在攻克癌症方面取得了重大突破。(动词不定式的完成式)
Scientists claimed to_have_made_a_major_breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
4．Whether wildlife can be well protected is very important.
→Whether wildlife can be well protected is of_great_importance.
5．If a nuclear war ever breaks out, it is unlikely that many people will survive.
→If a nuclear war ever breaks out, many people will be_unlikely_to_survive.
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
Way back in 1674, a frog helped Antoni van Leeuwenhoek make an incredible ❶discovery (discover). Antoni was an amateur ❷_scientist (science) from Holland, so fascinated by microscopes that he'd built some of his own. One rainy day, as he ❸went_for_a_walk (去散步), a leaping frog ❹drew (draw) his attention to a puddle (水坑). Antoni collected a drop of puddle water and put it under his microscope. He was ❺amazed (amaze) to see a whole community of creatures swimming in this one drop — tiny beings no one had ever seen before. These tiny beings, ❻called (call) microbes (微生物), are everywhere: in dirt, in food and on your kitchen table. You even would find your body has more microbes than the world has people — over 6 billion！　Microbes can't ❼survive(存活下来) on their own. They need food. After settling into a home — you, for instance — they steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave behind dead cells and ❽poisonous_(poison) liquids called toxins. Some microbes can make you sick. People usually call these ones germs. ❾Luckily (lucky) for you, there are more helpful (help) microbes, working together to keep you healthy, than bad ones.
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空

People have reported seeing a wild ❶man­like creature in the Himalayas. They call it Yeti. There are many ❷witnesses all over the world. It is said that Yetis are heavily built and ❸hairy. In 1998, an American mountain climber said that he saw a Yeti on the Chinese side of the Himalayas, which walked like a human with thick black ❹fur,_huge shoulders, very long arms and large hands. In 1970, many footprints were ❺discovered in the snow near Bossburg, Washington in the USA. Footprints are one of the few pieces of hard ❻evidence supporting the ❼existence of Yetis. However, scientists have different opinions about Yetis. Some scientists even think that these footprints could have been made by people playing a joke. Scientists hope that the ❽mystery will be solved someday. If Yetis really exist, we might have the chance to see one with our own eyes.


一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due_to_concerns about increased screen time.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly.
4．(2017·江苏高考)So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to_climate change.
5．(2016·北京高考) It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome，Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
6．(2015·重庆高考) In a word, wild release makes it much more convenient for us to go for what books we like.
7．(2014·江苏高考)Having a baby in her unmarried state would have brought shame on the family in China, so she probably kept my existence (exist) a secret.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用fortune, attack, misfortune, calm填空)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)He had the rare balance of fun and compassion (同情). He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone's __46__.misfortune
2．(2016·10月浙江高考)Whatever money was left over would be his to keep. Gene was thrilled, thinking he would make his first__42__.fortune
3．(2013·陕西高考) Still shaky and unsure what to do next, my friends and I went to a table and sat there, trying our best to look __37__.calm
4．(2009·重庆高考)I seized this golden chance to__41__him.He reacted, trying to get rid of me, but I was already reproducing deep in his throat.attack
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：大自然是个神秘的殿堂，充满着独特的神秘感和无数的奥秘。它似乎如同神话故事一样扑朔迷离，吸引着无数爱好者去探索、去求真。高考常以此话题进行考查，旨在激发我们对大自然的兴趣，引领我们对大自然的奥秘不断探索，揭开大自然未知的秘密。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
[1]How did the ancient Egyptians build the amazing pyramids near Cairo? No one can give a clear answer. But a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll. Long­ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say.
[2]“Technically, I think what they're proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.
[3]People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And there's no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
[4]The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板)．Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated_the_paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
[5]Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
[6]However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study .West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought, ‘Why don't they just try rolling the things？’” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized.That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”．
[7]So he tried it.
[8]He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30­kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground.
[9]They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery (滑的) path.
[10]West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.At least，workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
语篇解读：本文主要讲述的是关于金字塔的建造，不同的专家有着不同的见解。这篇文章主要讲述了两种看法。
1．It's widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ________.
A．rolling them on roads
B．pushing them over the sand
C．sliding them on smooth paths
D．dragging them on some poles
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.”可知选C。
2．The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means________.
A．made the paths wet　　 B．made the paths hard
C．made the paths wide D．made the paths slippery
解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所处句中的“To make the work easier”以及“either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle”可知，这样做是为了让路更加平滑，故选D。
3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A．Rolling the blocks with poles attached.
B．Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.
C．Rolling poles to move the blocks.
D．Rolling the blocks with fat.
解析：选A　 代词指代题。由于是指代词，可知内容应该在上文，根据第六段的内容可知工人把木料绑在石块上，然后滚动石块。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
B．An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
C．An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
D．An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
解析：选D　 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了一种新的把石块移动到金字塔地址的方法，故选D。

学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
词义猜测技法(3)——把握代词指代的两大命题角度
代词指代题考查考生依据语境逻辑推断人称代词和指示代词意义的能力。人称代词指代判断题要求考生对it, they, them, he, she等人称代词的正确指代进行判断。指示代词指代判断题主要考查考生对this, these, that, those等指示代词指代意义的判断能力。认真分析历年高考试题不难发现代词指代判断题常出现在人物变换多、动作转换频的语境中，如上面第3题。

Ⅰ.完形填空
Mary, 16, was suffering from cancer. As a father, Mitchell always stayed home to care for her. He said the __1__ left them financially worse off. Then a group called Growing Hope __2__ in withD|S1,800 to help with his living costs.
__3__， he wanted to pay it back. In his youth，he had been a __4__. So at age 40, Mitchell took up the __5__ again, participating in two fights in Fairfax. During this time, he __6__ his daughter. And for six months, he did little but mourn.
One day, Mitchell __7__ a Mark Twain quote — The two most important days in your life are the day you are born, and the day you __8__ why.“After I read that quote, I was going to spend the __9__ of my life helping kids with cancer and their families，” he said.
Mitchell thought of creating a foundation, yet boxing did not seem practical anymore for fundraising, due to his age. Then he found that __10__ could be a source to raise money. In the Corps Marathon, he cut a striking figure on the course. __11__ by this success, he set his sight higher. He __12__ each of the miles of the race to a different child with cancer, and he carried their __13__ with him. Years after his daughter's death, Mitchell now __14__ up in the morning knowing his __15__.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Mitchell在女儿去世后受到马克·吐温名言的启发，加入陆战队马拉松，并把钱都捐献给身患癌症的孩子们，从而发现了自己在社会中的作用。
1．A.atmosphere　　　　　　 B．phenomenon
C．situation D．poverty
解析：选C　根据空前的“As a father, Mitchell always stayed home to care for her.”可知，因为Mary患有癌症，父亲Mitchell要待在家里照顾女儿。这种情况(situation)使得家庭经济状况变得越来越糟糕，故选C项。
2．A.brought B．stepped
C．took D．broke
解析：选B　根据语境和下文可知，后来，一个名为“Growing Hope”的组织伸出援手(step in)，给他了1 800美元的生活费。
3．A.Grateful B．Hopeful
C．Sorrowful D．Helpful
解析：选A　根据空后的“he wanted to pay it back ”可知，Mitchell对这个组织是非常感激的(Grateful)。
4．A.runner B．singer
C．boxer D．fighter
解析：选C　根据下文第四段中的“boxing”一词可知，Mitchell年轻时是一名拳击手。故选C项。
5．A.helmets B．gloves
C．boxes D．sneakers
解析：选B　根据空后的“participating in two fights in Fairfax”可知，Mitchell又开始接受挑战了。take up the gloves“接受挑战”，符合语境。
6．A.cured B．accompanied
C．comforted D．lost
解析：选D　根据下一句中“he did little but mourn”以及文章最后“Years after his daughter's death”可知，这个时候，他失去(lost)了他的女儿。
7．A.came upon B．agreed to
C．looked at D．depended on
解析：选A　根据下文中的“After I read that quote”可知，Mitchell偶然(came upon)读到马克·吐温的名言。
8．A.consider B．ask
C．discover D．make
解析：选C　根据语境可知，人生中另外一个重要的日子是你发现(discover)自己为何出生。
9．A.forces B．rest
C．energy D．resources
解析：选B　根据下文内容可知，Mitchell在余下的(rest)日子里开始帮助那些患有癌症的孩子。故选B项。
10．A.funds B．singing
C．running D．projects
解析：选C　根据空后的“In the Corps Marathon”可知，然后Mitchell发现可以通过跑步来筹钱。故选C项。
11．A.Depressed B．Moved
C．Shocked D．Inspired
解析：选D　在此次马拉松比赛中，Mitchell在比赛场上崭露头角。在此成功的激励(inspired)下，他把眼光放得更高，故选D项。
12．A.ran B．donated
C．competed D．conveyed
解析：选B　根据空后的“to a different child with cancer”可知，Mitchell把比赛的每一分钱都捐(donated)给了身患癌症的孩子们。故选B项。
13．A.smiles B．parents
C．strengths D．pictures
解析：选D　Mitchell随身带着他们的照片(pictures)。故选D项。
14．A.stands B．goes
C．wakes D．climbs
解析：选C　根据空后的“in the morning”可推知，此处表示在早晨醒来的时候，故选C项。
15．A.time B．what
C．course D．why
解析：选D　根据上文中提到的马克·吐温的名言中的“why”可知，选D项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·石家庄模拟) Mike Taylor, a university student in the study of prehistoric life forms for his Ph.D., discovered a brand­new species of dinosaur, while __1__ (conduct) research at the Natural History Museum in the United Kingdom.This new species __2__ (identify) as part of the sauropod family of dinosaurs.The sauropods were four­legged, vegetarian dinosaurs, __3__ very long necks and tails, and relatively small skulls and brains.One of their most unusual __4__ (characteristic) was their nostrils, which were higher up in their head, almost near the eyes.So far, the sauropod bones __5__ (find) in every continent except Antarctica, and they are one of the longest living group of dinosaurs, spanning over 100 million years.This new species, __6__ (name) Xenoposeidon proneneukos, which means forward sloping, lived about 140 million years ago.
Mike Taylor, __7__ has spent five years studying sauropod vertebrae, __8__ (immediate) knew that this was the backbone of a sauropod. However, he had never seen one like this before. __9__ (far) research proved this was indeed a new kind of sauropod.The bone, which had been discovered in __10__ 1890's, had never been examined.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。迈克·泰勒偶然发现了一种新的恐龙物种。经研究证明，这是一种新的蜥脚类动物。
1．conducting　考查非谓语动词。该句主语“Mike Taylor”和动词“conduct”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且根据空前的“while”可知，该处表示动作正在发生，故用conducting。该句也可以看成状语从句的省略，省略了主语“Mike Taylor”和be动词“was”。
2．was identified　考查动词的时态和语态。该句主语“This new species”和动词“identify”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；此处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
3．with　考查介词。该蜥脚类动物为四肢食草恐龙，它有着长长的脖子和尾巴，还有相对小的头骨和大脑。with表示“具有，带有”。
4．characteristics　考查名词复数。characteristic为可数名词，根据该句中的“One of”可知，该处用名词的复数形式。
5．have been found　考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。根据该句中的“So far”可知，该句用现在完成时；该句的主语“the sauropod bones”为复数形式，且和动词“find”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，谓语动词用复数形式。
6．named　考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，空处作“This new species”的后置定语；主语“This new species”和动词“name”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用named。
7．who　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Mike Taylor”，指人且关系词在从句中作主语，故用who引导该定语从句。
8．immediately　考查副词。空处修饰动词“knew”，表示“立即，立刻”，故用immediate的副词形式。
9．Further　考查形容词比较级。进一步的研究证明，这的确是一种新的蜥脚类动物。根据句意可知，空处用比较级，表示“更进一步的”。
10．the　考查冠词。in the 1890's表示“在19世纪90年代”，故用定冠词the。