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2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮复习外研新课改省份专用讲义：选修7Module5EthnicCulture
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Module 5 Ethnic Culture
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．inherit v． 继承
2．property n. 财产
3．hatch v. 孵化
4．bucket n. 桶
5．splash v. (液体)溅落；飞溅
6．opera n. 歌剧
7．hammer n. 榔头，锤子
8．lame adj. 瘸的，跛的
9．tyre n. 轮胎
10．jungle n. 热带丛林
11．sleeve n. 袖子
12．jewellery n. 珠宝，首饰
13．rigid adj. 僵硬的；不动的；不能弯曲的
14．framework n． 构架，框架，结构
15．fibre n. (植物的)纤维质
16．garage n. 汽车修理厂
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．run v. 控制；管理
2．farm v. 种植；养殖
3．firm adj. 稳固的，牢固的
4．fasten v. 系牢，缚紧
5．loose adj. 稀松的，疏松的
6．tool n. 工具
7．bare adj. 赤裸的
8．native adj. 出生地的；土生土长的
9．awkward adj. 尴尬的，为难的
10．rainbow n. 彩虹，虹
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．minority n．少数民族；少数→minor adj.较小的；次要的→majority n．多数
2．diverse adj.完全不同的；各不相同的→diversity n．多样性；多元化
3．varied adj.各种各样的；形形色色的→vary v．改变；不同→various adj.各种各样的；种种的→variety n．种类；品种
4．custom n．风俗，习惯，传统→customer n．顾客→customs n．海关；关税
5．apparently adv.看起来；显然→apparent adj.显然的；明显的
6．foolish adj.愚蠢的，傻的→fool n．傻子v.欺骗
7．fold v．折叠，对折→unfold v．展开
8．adjust v．(使)适应；调节→adjustment n．适应；调整→adjustable adj.可调节的
9．furnish v．为(房屋或房间)配备家具→furniture n．家具
10．gatherer n．采集者→gather v．采集
[语境活用]
1．The desks and chairs are adjustable and you can adjust them to the height of the students.The adjustment is not difficult to make.(adjust)
2．There are various goods in the new supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars.The variety of them attracts many customers.(vary)
3．There are 55 minorities in our country and there are some minor differences between them.(minority)
4．People from diverse cultures hold different understanding on the play and this diversity of opinions makes it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting.(diverse)
5．When you serve customers from different countries, you should first of all know about their customs.(custom)
6．The young couple didn't have much money to buy some new furniture any more, because they had spent too much in furnishing their house.(furnish)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.in_use 在使用
2．come_across (偶然)遇见；碰见
3．make_up 编造；虚构；化妆；组成；和好
4．put_sb.up 让某人留宿；让某人过夜
5．pick_up 拿起；捡起
6．have_a_population_of 有……人口
7．in_the_distance 在远处
8．set_off 出发，动身；启程
9．pull_out 拿出；掏出；慢慢驶出
10．adjust_to 适应；调整
1.If we couldn't find a place to stay, my friend said he would put__us__up for a few nights.
2．When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust_to living on his own.
3．Dear schoolmates, a year's plan lies in spring.In the new term, let's set_off to the new goal!
4．The teacher asked his students to make_up a poem about their childhood.
5．Seriously damaged by the heavy flood, the bridge is no longer in_use.
6．When walking down the street, I came_across David, who I hadn't seen for years.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain，its peak covered with snow.
古城依山而建，对面是海拔5 500米的玉龙雪山，山峰被积雪覆盖。
“名词＋过去分词”构成的独立主格结构作状语。
所有的票卖完了，我们只好等着看下场演出。
All_tickets_sold_out,_we had to wait for the next show.
2.The sky is clear blue and I don't think I've ever seen anything else so beautiful in my life.
这里的天空碧蓝如洗，我想我一生中从未见过这么美的景色。
“否定式＋ever＋so/such＋adj.”结构表示最高级。
我认为我从没看过这么惊险的电影。
I don't_think_I've_ever_seen so thrilling a movie.
3.However different we may appear to be at first, we are all the same, all equal.
无论起初我们看上去有多么不同，然而我们本质上是一样的，每个人都是平等的。
however引导让步状语从句。
(2017·北京高考书面表达)在毕业典礼上，尽管这段视频短了点，但是它受到了我们校友的热烈欢迎。
On the graduation ceremony, however_short_the_video_was,_ it received a warm welcome among our fellow schoolmates.
二、课堂重点深化
1．minority n．少数民族；少数
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Some minority (minor) languages are losing their identities because of the invasion of more popular spoken ones.
②But even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them are (be) really friendly and I've made some good friends.
[系统归纳]
(1)a/the minority of 少数的
be in the/a minority 占少数
(2)majority n. 多数，多半
be in the/a majority 占多数
a/the majority of ……的大多数
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③尽管多数人都有梦想，可是只有少数人能像这个小男孩那样把梦想变成现实。
Although most people have dreams, only_the_minority_of_them can make their dreams a reality like the little boy.
[名师指津] minority/majority作主语，强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；强调群体中的每一个个体时，谓语动词用复数形式；the minority/majority of＋n.作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词的单复数相一致。
2．run v．控制；管理，经营；跑；提供，开设(课程等); 开动(机器等)；(使)运转；褪色
[自主体验]
写出下列句中run的含义
①Run your dishwasher only when it is full.开动
②The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.提供，开设
③My father ran a camera store to earn money when he was in his twenties.经营
④Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
运转
单句语法填空
⑤Tears ran down my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement.
⑥As high school students, we will run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning.
[系统归纳]
run into 遇到；陷入
run down 流下来
run after 追赶
run over 碾过
run for 竞选
in the long run 从长远来看
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑦从长远来看，经常锻炼对我们的健康非常有益。
In_the_long_run,_taking_exercise_regularly_is_greatly_beneficial_to_our_health.
僻义牢牢记
⑧The Tshirt ran and made all my other clothes pink.褪色
3．adjust v．适应，使适应；调整；调节
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①They should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.
②Some schools will have to make adjustments (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
③Mother was worried about whether she could adjust to living (live) in the mountainous village alone.
[系统归纳]
(1)adjust to ... 适应于……(to为介词)
adjust ...to ... 调整……以适应……
(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应
make adjustments/an adjustment to ... 对……进行调整/改革
(3)adjustable adj. 可调节的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④我已经决定我要努力让自己适应高中生活。
I have decided that I will_try_to_adjust_myself_to_my_high_school_life.
1．in use在使用
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Computers first came into use in the early 1950s.
②Many people think that water will never be used up because there are many rivers and lakes.
③In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today.
[系统归纳]
(1)it's no use doing ... 做……没用
make use of 利用/使用
come into use 开始使用
(2)use up 用完；用光
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④老师一直在训练我们使用参考书。
The teacher has been training us to_make_use_of reference books.
2．set off出发，动身；引起，引发；使……爆炸；拉响
[自主体验]
写出下列句中set off的含义
①Having said goodbye to their friends, they set off for home.出发；动身
②(2018·天津高考)If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.拉响
③Hong Kong's stock market fell, setting off a global financial crisis.引起
④On New Year's Eve, we set off many fireworks, which made the children excited.使……爆炸
[系统归纳]
set aside 抽出；把……放在一边
set down 记下；登记
set up 建立，创立，创办；安排某事
set out 出发，动身；阐述，描述
set about 开始做；着手
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(set out/set about)
⑤As soon as she got home, my mother set__about preparing lunch.
⑥Can you set_out the chairs as shown in the plan?
佳句时时写
⑦我不知学校是否能多放一些垃圾桶并制定反对这种行为的特别规定。
I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and set_up_specific_rules_against such behaviour.
3．“否定词＋ever＋so＋adj.”表示最高级
[教材原句] The sky is clear blue and I don't_think_I've_ever_seen anything else so_beautiful in my life.
[自主体验]
①I have never met such a kindhearted person before.
②He studies harder (hard) than any other student in his class.
③How beautiful she sings! I have never heard a better (good) voice.
④—Must I turn off the gas after cooking?
—Of course.You can never_be_too_careful with that.
——做完饭后我必须关上煤气吗？
——当然，在用煤气方面越小心越好。
[归纳点拨]
英语中可表示最高级意义的结构还有：
(1)完成时＋never＋表示最高级
(2)比较级＋than＋表示最高级
否定词＋比较级(＋than ...)没有比……更……
never/not＋enough/too ...再……也不过分；越……越好
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by teacher before classmates.
②(增分要点句)As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more important than hard study.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“不同民族文化习俗”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一) 少数民族
温故浅易词汇
①branch ②region ③local
④move ⑤forefather ⑥nationality
⑦hardworking ⑧minority ⑨tourist
识记生疏词汇
①Manchu n．满族 ②Dai n．傣族
③Korean n．朝鲜族 ④Uygur n．维吾尔族
⑤Mongolian n．蒙古族 ⑥constitute v．构成
⑦distinctive adj.有特色的 ⑧dominate adj.占优势的
⑨wrestling n．摔跤 civilization n．文明
子话题(二) 服饰外貌
温故浅易词汇
①costumes ②style ③necklace ④silver ⑤gold ⑥pearl ⑦jewellery ⑧suit
识记生疏词汇
①earring n．耳环 ②gown n．袍子
③affection n．喜爱 ④mutual adj.相互的；彼此的
⑤plain adj.素的 ⑥elegant adj.淡雅的
子话题(三) 风俗信仰
温故浅易词汇
①custom ②festival ③roast ④acid ⑤bacon ⑥legend
⑦celebrate ⑧wear ⑨bamboo ⑩fireplace ⑪share ⑫hug
识记生疏词汇
①spicy adj.辛辣的 ②sticky adj.粘的
③spray v．喷洒 ④pickle n．泡菜
⑤banquet n．宴席 ⑥Islam n．伊斯兰教
⑦Buddhism n．佛教 ⑧salute n．敬礼
⑨residence n．住处 ⑩hospitable adj.盛情的
常用词块忆一忆
①on special occasions 在特殊场合
②attend a ceremony 出席仪式
③the opening ceremony 开幕式
④cultural exchange 文化交流
⑤cultural background 文化背景
⑥cultural shock 文化冲击
⑦crosscultural communication 跨文化交流
⑧multicultural society 多元文化社会
⑨cultural diversity 文化多样性
⑩cultural conflict 文化冲突
⑪varieties of sports 各种各样的运动
⑫be good at singing and dancing 能歌善舞
⑬communicate with sb. 与某人交流
⑭with the help of 在……帮助下
⑮pay a visit to 参观
写作佳句背一背
①It is wellknown to us all that our nation is made up of 56 ethnic groups, each with its unique traditional customs, costumes and cultures.
②The people there rely on farming, main crops being rice and beans.
③I'm glad that you have great passion to know about Chinese traditional festivals, especially the Dragon Boat Festival.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
读后续写情节发展合理化
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
In the cold_and_plain living_room,_Matt is sitting in his chair. His eyes don't shine anymore. He looks extremely old and weak. Today is his birthday,_and he is by himself. The only thing that he has been doing all day is thinking about how sad and lonely his life is. As he was looking at some old pictures, he found one special with him and his friends from college. This picture brought back the days when he had friends and his life was full of happiness. Also, it brought him a sad memory. This memory happened forty years ago, during his last year of college.
Throughout college, Matt had a friend named Mark. Mark was tall and skinny. He wore thick glasses. He was shy, smart and responsible. Also, Mark didn't have as many friends as Matt had. He considered Matt as his best friend. As good friends, they knew everything about each other, and they hung out. Also, they overcame many problems together. They were really good friends.
On his twentyfourth birthday their life changed. On the night before his birthday, Mark called Matt, “Hi! Matt，” his voice sounded strange. He continued, “I have an important project to work_on. I'm having some problem with this. Maybe, you could come over and help me with it giving me some new ideas. Could you？” Matt asked, “What time？” Mark kept in silence for a minute, and then he said, “At 8 p．m. Is it good for you？” Then Matt answered, “Ok! See you later.” On that night, it was Matt's birthday. So, he didn't want to spend his birthday helping Mark with his project. Matt went to a club with some other guys.
The next morning, Matt noticed that Mark was acting differently. When he went to talk to Mark, Mark ignored him completely. He left the classroom without saying one word. As Mark was walking away, Matt said in an angry voice, “You are selfish. You are just thinking about yourself. I was having fun on my birthday. Why can't you understand it？”
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
While he was saying it, Mallory, one of his classmates and friends, stood up and started to say，
Paragraph 2：
Tears fell from his eyes.
[写作步骤]
第一步：速读全文
文本大意：本文是一篇记叙文。自私的Matt因为只想着自己的生日而忽视了朋友并责备朋友，从而失去了朋友的信任，成为了一个没有朋友的人。
叙述意图：文章告诉我们要坦诚对待朋友。
第二步：细读全文
1．所给短文情景模式分析。
who
Matt, Mark
what
Matt didn't keep his promise when his friend turned to him for help. However, he thought his friend selfish.
when
during his last year of college
where
in the cold and plain living room
why
He didn't want to spend his birthday helping Mark with his project. When he went to talk to Mark, Mark ignored him completely.
2．对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。
★人物：friend, Mark
★事件：birthday, night, project
★地点： living room, classroom
★动作与心理描写： call, work on, cold and plain
第三步：精心谋篇
1．Paragraph 1：While he was saying it, Mallory, one of his classmates and friends, stood up and started to say，
正当他说那件事的时候，他的一个同学兼朋友Mallory站了起来，开始说，
[情节分析] 根据提示句可知，本段应描写通过Matt和Mallory的对话，Matt了解了事情的缘由：Mark给Matt准备了一个生日聚会，但联系不到 Matt；这些让Matt的朋友很生气，但Matt还责怪他的朋友。
Paragraph 2：Tears fell from his eyes. 泪水从他的眼中滑落。
[情节分析] 根据本段开头语的提示，要着重描写Matt 在朋友离开后的心理活动，使之与本文的开头相呼应。Matt不知道该说什么，也不知道该做什么来弥补过错，他的朋友都离开了教室，教室就他独自一人，就像他现在的客厅一样。
第四步：初写成文
Paragraph 1：
1．你怎么能对Mark说这种话？
How_can_you say so to Mark?
2．你不知道发生了什么事！
You don't know what_happened!
3．昨天晚上，他给你打了很多次电话，但是没有得到你的任何答复。
Last night, he called_you many times, but he didn't get any answer from you.
4．他担心你发生了什么问题。
He worried about what_was_going_wrong_with you.
5．Matt开始向Mallory道歉，并对自己说：“他为什么要这样做？他可以自己做他的项目，而且……”
Matt started to apologize to Mallory and to himself, saying, “Why did he do it? He could work_on_the_project by himself, and ...”
6．Mallory生气地说：“住嘴！”
Mallory spoke angrily, “Shut_up！”
7．他为你准备了一个惊喜生日聚会，我们整晚都在等你或者你的电话。
He had prepared a_surprise_birthday_party for you, and we waited for you or for a call all night long.
Paragraph 2：
8．Matt不知道该说什么，也不知道该做什么。
Matt didn't know what_he_should_say or what he should do.
9．他还没来得及说话，Mallory已经离开了教室。
Before_he_said_anything,_Mallory had left the classroom.
10．他坐下来，在那里待了很长时间。
He sat down and stayed_there for a long time.
11．他环顾了一下教室。寒冷而普通的教室里没有他的朋友。
He looked_around the classroom. It was cold and plain without his friends.
12．它是空的，就像他现在的客厅一样。
It was empty, just_like_his_living_room now.
第五步：润色升级
1．用高级词汇替换要点3中的get any answer from。
get any answer from→get_through_to
2．用“疑问词＋不定式”改写要点8。
Matt_didn't_know_what_to_say_or_what_to_do.
3．用定语从句改写要点11。
He_looked_around_the_classroom,_which_was_cold_and_plain_without_his_friends.
第六步：复查定稿
Paragraph 1：
While he was saying it, Mallory, one of his classmates and friends, stood up and started to say, “How can you say so to Mark? You don't know what happened! Last night, he called you many times, but he didn't get through to you. He worried about what was going wrong with you.” Matt started to apologize to Mallory and to himself, saying, “Why did he do it? He could work_on the project by himself, and ... ” At that time Mallory spoke angrily, “Shut up! He had prepared a surprise birthday party for you, and we waited for you or for a call all night long.”
Paragraph 2：
Tears fell from his eyes. Matt didn't know what to say or what to do. Before he said anything, Mallory had left the classroom. He sat down and stayed there for a long time. He looked around the classroom, which was cold_and_plain without his friends. It was empty, just like his living_room now.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Carelessness is apparently (显然) bad because it always leads to failure.
2．When you go abroad for further study, you should learn to adapt to the customs (风俗) of the destination country.
3．Some animals hibernate (冬眠) under snow, because there is much air in loose (疏松的) snow.
4．It was foolish (傻的) of him to refer to his note during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.
5．I don't think the chair is firm (稳固的) enough to stand on.
6．I feel awkward (尴尬的) as everyone except me is in evening dress.
7．It took her a month to adjust (适应) to the new life in senior high school.
8．The young man lay on the sofa with his arms folded (交叉) and soon fell asleep.
9．His study was furnished (配备) with an antique desk and chair.
10．English idioms are even difficult for native (本国的) English speakers, let alone Chinese.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．This small town has ❶a population of nearly 50,000, which is made ❷up of 5 minorities, and ❸apparently (apparent), their customs are also ❹diverse (diversity), especially their clothes are ❺varied/various (vary)．
2．My nephew has a lame leg, but he ❶runs (run) many a garage ❷where you can see many people pulling ❸out their repaired cars.
3．With a rooster ❶fastened (fasten) to his spade, the farmer sets ❷off to the market to sell it, because he needs to buy a chair which can ❸be_folded (fold) to carry when he goes ❹fishing (fish)．
4．Could you pick ❶up a tool from the bucket to help me to get in the crops? The weather forecast said there is a thunderstorm in ❷the distance which is coming here.So we must adjust ❸ourselves (us) to this situation.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．实践是最好的学习方法。(否定词＋比较级)
There's no_better_way_to_learn_than by doing.
2．吃完晚饭，我们开始讨论野餐的事。(独立主格结构)
Supper_finished,_we started to discuss the picnic.
3．不管他有多忙，他每周都去看望他的父母一次。(however)
However_busy_he_is,_he visits his parents once a week.
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
The Korean ethnic group is one of the 55 ethnic ❶minorities (minority) in China.
They are ❷mainly (main) in Changbai Mountain area which is near Korea to the Northeast of China.Most of them now ❸live_in (住在) Jilin Province. Most people in the area speak Korean language, while some of them speak Chinese.They ❹moved (move) there from Korea hundreds of years ago.They like ❺wearing (wear) white clothes which stand for being pure and simple.People of the Korean ethnic group in China are fond of ❻varieties (variety) of sports, such as ❼wrestling (wrestle)and playing football.And also they ❽are_all_good_at_singing_and_dancing (都能歌善舞)．What's ❾more (much), they have over one thousand schools, of which Yanbian University is very famous.
The Korean ethnic group in China is a great and hardworking_ethnic_minority (勤劳的少数民族)．
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
local， celebrate， custom， costumes， nationality， forefather， traditional， communicate with， with the help of， dance to
There are about 120 families and threefourths of them are Buyi ❶nationality and onefourth are Miao people.On January 10th every lunar year, the villagers hold ❷traditional dancing activities to ❸celebrate the New Year.Buyi and Miao villagers in their best ❹costumes sing and ❺dance_to the melodies from the Lusheng (芦笙) and the bamboo flutes to celebrate their own traditional festival.Legends said once some robbers captured the Buyi ❻forefather in the village.The villagers failed to rescue him by themselves and asked the ❼local Miao people for help.The Miao people played the Lusheng and sang Miao songs to ❽communicate_with him and the robbers couldn't understand them.❾With_the_help_of the Miao people, the forefather was rescued.Since then, the local Buyi people have formed the ❿custom of singing and dancing to appreciate the help from the Miao people. People sing and dance for three days for the festival each year.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·天津高考)Nature seems to unfold (fold) to people who watch and wait.
2．(2018·北京高考)That way, you may adjust yourself to the life here in Beijing soon.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened (fasten) on your belt.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity (diverse) in the park.
5．(2017·江苏高考)The second principle is to loosen (loose) the control that providers of online services have over data and give more to those who supply them.
6．(2016·浙江高考)I made friends with the natives (native), and their reaction amazed me.
7．(2016·浙江高考)The reunited lovers held each other's hands firmly (firm) and walked ahead together.
8．(2015·重庆高考)“You have a wonderful daughter，” she said, apparently (apparent) in tears.
9．(2010·广东高考)They are barely (bare) in their twenties and are already multimillionaires.
10．(2009·江西高考)Hurriedly, they packed their belongings and set off in the direction of the river.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用adjust, run, firm填空)
1. (2016·北京高考完形填空)Balto put his nose to the ground, trying to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes passed by.Suddenly, Balto began to __53__.He had found the trail.run
2．(2016·天津高考完形填空)From that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn't miss a single practice.She had a __26__ intention within herself to be the best she could be.firm
3．(2015·重庆高考)For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start __32__ your biological clock to the destination's time.adjusting
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：文化是民族的重要特征，是民族生命力、凝聚力和创造力的重要源泉。民族的风俗习惯、语言文字和宗教信仰是在长期的社会历史发展中形成的，反映了一个民族的历史传统和心理感情。中国是个具有悠久历史文化的国家，国家一直倡导继承和发扬民族传统文化。高考也对此话题不断涉及，我们应给予关注和重视。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
(2018·浙江高考)[1]As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line (装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
[2]Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American — going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a neverending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
[3]In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farmbased society into an industrial power.
[4]The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
[5]The problems of excessive (过度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L．Friedman.He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
[6]Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车把美国从一个以农业为主的国家变成一个工业大国。但与此同时，汽车也带来了很多环境问题。
1．Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．To explain Americans' love for travelling by car.
B．To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C．To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D．To praise the effectiveness of America's road system.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture ...even the hamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了展现汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响，甚至影响到了汉堡。故选B项。
2．What has the use of cars in America led to?
A．Decline of economy.
B．Environmental problems.
C．A shortage of oil supply.
D．A farm based society.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选B项。
3．What is Friedman's attitude towards America's future?
A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful.
C．Hopeful. D．Tolerant.
解析：选C 观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman 认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
推理判断技法(12)——根据干扰项的4大特征解题
①与常识相吻合，但并不是从短文内容推知的，不是基于文章，如上文第1题中的C项。
②看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，如上文第1题中的A项。
③偏离文章主题，属主观臆断的结论，如上文第1题中的D项。
④简单重述短文内容，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当作间接推理。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019·陕西高三质检)Culture shock occurs when people have been suddenly thrown into a new culture. Newcomers may be anxious because they don't speak the language. Neither do they know the customs nor understand the people's behavior in daily life.
Quite often the visitor finds that “yes” may not always mean “yes”， that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigners may be unsure as to when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The idea of culture shock helps explain the feelings of puzzlement and confusion.
Language problems do not account for all the setback that people feel. When one has lost everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.
When an individual enters a strange culture, he or she feels like a fish out of water. Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to the culture and feel deserted by the native members of the culture. When this happens, visitors may want to reject everything about the new environment and may glorify and sing their own praises of the positive aspects of their own culture. On the other side, more visitors may sneeze at their native country by rejecting its value and instead choosing to approve of the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to accept the new culture in order to be taken in by the people in it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了文化冲击发生的原因和结果，以及表现形式等。
1．What do people feel when they are abruptly in a new culture?
A．Excited. B．Delighted.
C．Upset. D．Hopeless.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Newcomers may be anxious because they don't speak the language. Neither do they know the customs nor understand the people's behavior in daily life.”可知，由于语言不通、不了解当地的风俗、不理解当地人日常生活中的行为习惯，新来者会感到焦虑、担心。C项意为“心烦的；不安的”，符合语境。
2．We can infer from the second paragraph that________.
A．it's impossible to get used to a new culture
B．people feel confused due to culture shock
C．foreigners often don't mean what native people say
D．most foreigners are usually quite humorous
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“The foreigners may be unsure ... the feelings of puzzlement and confusion.”可知，外地人可能不确定什么时候握手，什么时候开始交谈，或者如何接近陌生人，文化冲击有助于解释这种困惑与窘迫的感觉。据此可以推断，由于文化冲击，人们常常会感到困惑。
3．The biggest barrier people often meet with in a new country is________.
A．the language B．the transportation
C．the environment D．the puzzlement
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Newcomers may be anxious because they don't speak the language.”并结合常识可知，在一个新的国家，人们遇到的最大问题就是语言不通。
4．A few immigrants say no to everything of the new country because________.
A．they miss their native culture seriously
B．they know nothing about the culture
C．they can't enter the mainstream society
D．they really regret having immigrated
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Newcomers feel at times that ... the positive aspects of their own culture.”可知，新来者有时觉得自己不属于当地的文化，觉得自己被抛弃了，他们会拒绝一切有关新环境的东西，并称赞他们自己的文化中积极的方面。据此可以推断，由于对新文化一无所知，新来的一些移民常常会拒绝新国家中的一切。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Cheer up Your Best Friend
Everyone feels down every once in a while, including your best friend. Maybe your best friend has recently experienced something that could make her or him feel sad. It is difficult to see a best friend feeling miserable. __1__.
Communication
There are cute ways to let your best friend know how important he or she is to you. You might consider sending a text you both find funny. __2__.
Gifts
A cute gift may be all he or she needs to cheer up. It doesn't have to be an expensive one, but if it is cute and holds a meaning between the two of you, it can go a long way. If he or she knows you are terrible at making arts and crafts, please go ahead and make him or her something. __3__. A bad attempt at an art and craft says a lot about how much you care. If you don't like to do arts and crafts, you could go out and find him or her something the two of you have always joked about buying and actually buy it for him or her.
__4__
If your best friend feels depressed, he or she may decide to stay locked up for days. Instead of letting him or her stay in, work to get him or her up and out of the house. Invite him or her to your house to play silly board games; take him or her to a surprise movie; or even walk out when you've eaten all the popcorn.
Music
Music is a powerful way to get your friend out of a bad mood. __5__. To make it cute, you can record yourself singing a track, or put a personalized message before each track to make him or her laugh.
A．It's the thought that counts
B．Invite him or her to a surprise movie
C．Get him or her out of the house
D．You could make him or her a mix of some of your favourite music
E．You might also call him or her voicemail and sing him a song you both like
F．However, there are many things you can do to cheer him or her up
G．Get personalized recommendations and add a new track to your list
语篇解读：朋友某些时候会伤心难受，我们应做什么来帮助他们呢？本文介绍了几个让朋友摆脱坏心情并开心起来的办法。
1．选F 根据下文介绍的几个让朋友振作起来的办法，结合设空前的内容“看见朋友心情不好很难受”可知选项F“然而，你可以做很多事情让朋友振作起来”符合语境。
2．选E 本段标题是Communication，又根据空前一句中的“sending a text”可知选项E中的“voicemail”与此呼应。
3．选A 根据空后的内容“how much you care”可知礼物不重要，最重要的是想法。故选项A正确。
4．选C 根据该段中的“get him or her up and out of the house”可知选项C中的“out of the house”与此呼应。
5．选D 该段标题是Music，故该空应与music相关，故含有关键词music的选项D符合语境。
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Shyness is partly a result of genes a person has inherited (经遗传得到). It's also influenced by behaviors they've learned, the ways people have reacted to their shyness, and life experiences they've had. The examples other people set can also play a role in whether a person learns to be shy or not.If the parents of a shy child are overly cautious or overprotective, it can teach the child to back away from situations that might be uncomfortable or unfamiliar.
Many people want to reduce their shyness. But people who are naturally shy also have gifts that they might not appreciate in themselves. For example, because shy people may prefer listening to talking, they sometimes become really good listeners. People who are shy might also become sensitive to other people's feelings and emotions. Because of their sensitivity and listening skills, many people with a shy personality are especially caring toward others, and interested in how others feel. People often consider them the finest friends.
Overcoming shyness takes practice. People who are shy tend to give themselves fewer chances to practice social behaviors. It's no wonder that people who shy away from socializing don't feel as socially confident as people who are outgoing — they have less practice! The more you practice social behaviors, the easier they get, and the more natural they feel for you.
Take slow, steady steps forward. Going slow is OK. But be sure to go forward. Stepping back from any situations that might trigger you to feel shy can reinforce shyness and keep it at a level that's hard to get past. Build confidence by taking one small forward step at a time. Also, it's OK to feel awkward. Everyone does sometimes. People who are shy are often afraid to feel awkward or uncomfortable. But don't let that keep you from doing what you want. You might feel awkward asking your friend for help. That's perfectly natural. Whether your friend says “yes” or “no” is out of your control. But not asking at all means you'll never get the help. So go for it anyway!
参考范文：
Shyness has something to do with genes, behaviors and the ways people deal with it and so on. (要点1) Some people seek to get rid of it, while in fact it can also motivate such gifts as good listening and understanding in people. (要点2) However, overcoming shyness takes time and much practice. (要点3) So take slow, steady steps forward and build confidence step by step. (要点4)
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．inherit v． 继承
2．property n. 财产
3．hatch v. 孵化
4．bucket n. 桶
5．splash v. (液体)溅落；飞溅
6．opera n. 歌剧
7．hammer n. 榔头，锤子
8．lame adj. 瘸的，跛的
9．tyre n. 轮胎
10．jungle n. 热带丛林
11．sleeve n. 袖子
12．jewellery n. 珠宝，首饰
13．rigid adj. 僵硬的；不动的；不能弯曲的
14．framework n． 构架，框架，结构
15．fibre n. (植物的)纤维质
16．garage n. 汽车修理厂
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．run v. 控制；管理
2．farm v. 种植；养殖
3．firm adj. 稳固的，牢固的
4．fasten v. 系牢，缚紧
5．loose adj. 稀松的，疏松的
6．tool n. 工具
7．bare adj. 赤裸的
8．native adj. 出生地的；土生土长的
9．awkward adj. 尴尬的，为难的
10．rainbow n. 彩虹，虹
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．minority n．少数民族；少数→minor adj.较小的；次要的→majority n．多数
2．diverse adj.完全不同的；各不相同的→diversity n．多样性；多元化
3．varied adj.各种各样的；形形色色的→vary v．改变；不同→various adj.各种各样的；种种的→variety n．种类；品种
4．custom n．风俗，习惯，传统→customer n．顾客→customs n．海关；关税
5．apparently adv.看起来；显然→apparent adj.显然的；明显的
6．foolish adj.愚蠢的，傻的→fool n．傻子v.欺骗
7．fold v．折叠，对折→unfold v．展开
8．adjust v．(使)适应；调节→adjustment n．适应；调整→adjustable adj.可调节的
9．furnish v．为(房屋或房间)配备家具→furniture n．家具
10．gatherer n．采集者→gather v．采集
[语境活用]
1．The desks and chairs are adjustable and you can adjust them to the height of the students.The adjustment is not difficult to make.(adjust)
2．There are various goods in the new supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars.The variety of them attracts many customers.(vary)
3．There are 55 minorities in our country and there are some minor differences between them.(minority)
4．People from diverse cultures hold different understanding on the play and this diversity of opinions makes it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting.(diverse)
5．When you serve customers from different countries, you should first of all know about their customs.(custom)
6．The young couple didn't have much money to buy some new furniture any more, because they had spent too much in furnishing their house.(furnish)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.in_use 在使用
2．come_across (偶然)遇见；碰见
3．make_up 编造；虚构；化妆；组成；和好
4．put_sb.up 让某人留宿；让某人过夜
5．pick_up 拿起；捡起
6．have_a_population_of 有……人口
7．in_the_distance 在远处
8．set_off 出发，动身；启程
9．pull_out 拿出；掏出；慢慢驶出
10．adjust_to 适应；调整
1.If we couldn't find a place to stay, my friend said he would put__us__up for a few nights.
2．When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust_to living on his own.
3．Dear schoolmates, a year's plan lies in spring.In the new term, let's set_off to the new goal!
4．The teacher asked his students to make_up a poem about their childhood.
5．Seriously damaged by the heavy flood, the bridge is no longer in_use.
6．When walking down the street, I came_across David, who I hadn't seen for years.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain，its peak covered with snow.
古城依山而建，对面是海拔5 500米的玉龙雪山，山峰被积雪覆盖。
“名词＋过去分词”构成的独立主格结构作状语。
所有的票卖完了，我们只好等着看下场演出。
All_tickets_sold_out,_we had to wait for the next show.
2.The sky is clear blue and I don't think I've ever seen anything else so beautiful in my life.
这里的天空碧蓝如洗，我想我一生中从未见过这么美的景色。
“否定式＋ever＋so/such＋adj.”结构表示最高级。
我认为我从没看过这么惊险的电影。
I don't_think_I've_ever_seen so thrilling a movie.
3.However different we may appear to be at first, we are all the same, all equal.
无论起初我们看上去有多么不同，然而我们本质上是一样的，每个人都是平等的。
however引导让步状语从句。
(2017·北京高考书面表达)在毕业典礼上，尽管这段视频短了点，但是它受到了我们校友的热烈欢迎。
On the graduation ceremony, however_short_the_video_was,_ it received a warm welcome among our fellow schoolmates.
二、课堂重点深化
1．minority n．少数民族；少数
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Some minority (minor) languages are losing their identities because of the invasion of more popular spoken ones.
②But even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them are (be) really friendly and I've made some good friends.
[系统归纳]
(1)a/the minority of 少数的
be in the/a minority 占少数
(2)majority n. 多数，多半
be in the/a majority 占多数
a/the majority of ……的大多数
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
③尽管多数人都有梦想，可是只有少数人能像这个小男孩那样把梦想变成现实。
Although most people have dreams, only_the_minority_of_them can make their dreams a reality like the little boy.
[名师指津] minority/majority作主语，强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；强调群体中的每一个个体时，谓语动词用复数形式；the minority/majority of＋n.作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词的单复数相一致。
2．run v．控制；管理，经营；跑；提供，开设(课程等); 开动(机器等)；(使)运转；褪色
[自主体验]
写出下列句中run的含义
①Run your dishwasher only when it is full.开动
②The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.提供，开设
③My father ran a camera store to earn money when he was in his twenties.经营
④Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
运转
单句语法填空
⑤Tears ran down my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement.
⑥As high school students, we will run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning.
[系统归纳]
run into 遇到；陷入
run down 流下来
run after 追赶
run over 碾过
run for 竞选
in the long run 从长远来看
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
⑦从长远来看，经常锻炼对我们的健康非常有益。
In_the_long_run,_taking_exercise_regularly_is_greatly_beneficial_to_our_health.
僻义牢牢记
⑧The Tshirt ran and made all my other clothes pink.褪色
3．adjust v．适应，使适应；调整；调节
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①They should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.
②Some schools will have to make adjustments (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
③Mother was worried about whether she could adjust to living (live) in the mountainous village alone.
[系统归纳]
(1)adjust to ... 适应于……(to为介词)
adjust ...to ... 调整……以适应……
(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应
make adjustments/an adjustment to ... 对……进行调整/改革
(3)adjustable adj. 可调节的
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④我已经决定我要努力让自己适应高中生活。
I have decided that I will_try_to_adjust_myself_to_my_high_school_life.
1．in use在使用
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Computers first came into use in the early 1950s.
②Many people think that water will never be used up because there are many rivers and lakes.
③In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today.
[系统归纳]
(1)it's no use doing ... 做……没用
make use of 利用/使用
come into use 开始使用
(2)use up 用完；用光
[重点强化]
佳句时时写
④老师一直在训练我们使用参考书。
The teacher has been training us to_make_use_of reference books.
2．set off出发，动身；引起，引发；使……爆炸；拉响
[自主体验]
写出下列句中set off的含义
①Having said goodbye to their friends, they set off for home.出发；动身
②(2018·天津高考)If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.拉响
③Hong Kong's stock market fell, setting off a global financial crisis.引起
④On New Year's Eve, we set off many fireworks, which made the children excited.使……爆炸
[系统归纳]
set aside 抽出；把……放在一边
set down 记下；登记
set up 建立，创立，创办；安排某事
set out 出发，动身；阐述，描述
set about 开始做；着手
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(set out/set about)
⑤As soon as she got home, my mother set__about preparing lunch.
⑥Can you set_out the chairs as shown in the plan?
佳句时时写
⑦我不知学校是否能多放一些垃圾桶并制定反对这种行为的特别规定。
I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and set_up_specific_rules_against such behaviour.
3．“否定词＋ever＋so＋adj.”表示最高级
[教材原句] The sky is clear blue and I don't_think_I've_ever_seen anything else so_beautiful in my life.
[自主体验]
①I have never met such a kindhearted person before.
②He studies harder (hard) than any other student in his class.
③How beautiful she sings! I have never heard a better (good) voice.
④—Must I turn off the gas after cooking?
—Of course.You can never_be_too_careful with that.
——做完饭后我必须关上煤气吗？
——当然，在用煤气方面越小心越好。
[归纳点拨]
英语中可表示最高级意义的结构还有：
(1)完成时＋never＋表示最高级
(2)比较级＋than＋表示最高级
否定词＋比较级(＋than ...)没有比……更……
never/not＋enough/too ...再……也不过分；越……越好
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by teacher before classmates.
②(增分要点句)As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more important than hard study.
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“不同民族文化习俗”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
话题词汇记一记
子话题(一) 少数民族
温故浅易词汇
①branch ②region ③local
④move ⑤forefather ⑥nationality
⑦hardworking ⑧minority ⑨tourist
识记生疏词汇
①Manchu n．满族 ②Dai n．傣族
③Korean n．朝鲜族 ④Uygur n．维吾尔族
⑤Mongolian n．蒙古族 ⑥constitute v．构成
⑦distinctive adj.有特色的 ⑧dominate adj.占优势的
⑨wrestling n．摔跤 civilization n．文明
子话题(二) 服饰外貌
温故浅易词汇
①costumes ②style ③necklace ④silver ⑤gold ⑥pearl ⑦jewellery ⑧suit
识记生疏词汇
①earring n．耳环 ②gown n．袍子
③affection n．喜爱 ④mutual adj.相互的；彼此的
⑤plain adj.素的 ⑥elegant adj.淡雅的
子话题(三) 风俗信仰
温故浅易词汇
①custom ②festival ③roast ④acid ⑤bacon ⑥legend
⑦celebrate ⑧wear ⑨bamboo ⑩fireplace ⑪share ⑫hug
识记生疏词汇
①spicy adj.辛辣的 ②sticky adj.粘的
③spray v．喷洒 ④pickle n．泡菜
⑤banquet n．宴席 ⑥Islam n．伊斯兰教
⑦Buddhism n．佛教 ⑧salute n．敬礼
⑨residence n．住处 ⑩hospitable adj.盛情的
常用词块忆一忆
①on special occasions 在特殊场合
②attend a ceremony 出席仪式
③the opening ceremony 开幕式
④cultural exchange 文化交流
⑤cultural background 文化背景
⑥cultural shock 文化冲击
⑦crosscultural communication 跨文化交流
⑧multicultural society 多元文化社会
⑨cultural diversity 文化多样性
⑩cultural conflict 文化冲突
⑪varieties of sports 各种各样的运动
⑫be good at singing and dancing 能歌善舞
⑬communicate with sb. 与某人交流
⑭with the help of 在……帮助下
⑮pay a visit to 参观
写作佳句背一背
①It is wellknown to us all that our nation is made up of 56 ethnic groups, each with its unique traditional customs, costumes and cultures.
②The people there rely on farming, main crops being rice and beans.
③I'm glad that you have great passion to know about Chinese traditional festivals, especially the Dragon Boat Festival.
二、“分步写作”表达准一点
读后续写情节发展合理化
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
In the cold_and_plain living_room,_Matt is sitting in his chair. His eyes don't shine anymore. He looks extremely old and weak. Today is his birthday,_and he is by himself. The only thing that he has been doing all day is thinking about how sad and lonely his life is. As he was looking at some old pictures, he found one special with him and his friends from college. This picture brought back the days when he had friends and his life was full of happiness. Also, it brought him a sad memory. This memory happened forty years ago, during his last year of college.
Throughout college, Matt had a friend named Mark. Mark was tall and skinny. He wore thick glasses. He was shy, smart and responsible. Also, Mark didn't have as many friends as Matt had. He considered Matt as his best friend. As good friends, they knew everything about each other, and they hung out. Also, they overcame many problems together. They were really good friends.
On his twentyfourth birthday their life changed. On the night before his birthday, Mark called Matt, “Hi! Matt，” his voice sounded strange. He continued, “I have an important project to work_on. I'm having some problem with this. Maybe, you could come over and help me with it giving me some new ideas. Could you？” Matt asked, “What time？” Mark kept in silence for a minute, and then he said, “At 8 p．m. Is it good for you？” Then Matt answered, “Ok! See you later.” On that night, it was Matt's birthday. So, he didn't want to spend his birthday helping Mark with his project. Matt went to a club with some other guys.
The next morning, Matt noticed that Mark was acting differently. When he went to talk to Mark, Mark ignored him completely. He left the classroom without saying one word. As Mark was walking away, Matt said in an angry voice, “You are selfish. You are just thinking about yourself. I was having fun on my birthday. Why can't you understand it？”
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
While he was saying it, Mallory, one of his classmates and friends, stood up and started to say，
Paragraph 2：
Tears fell from his eyes.
[写作步骤]
第一步：速读全文
文本大意：本文是一篇记叙文。自私的Matt因为只想着自己的生日而忽视了朋友并责备朋友，从而失去了朋友的信任，成为了一个没有朋友的人。
叙述意图：文章告诉我们要坦诚对待朋友。
第二步：细读全文
1．所给短文情景模式分析。
who
Matt, Mark
what
Matt didn't keep his promise when his friend turned to him for help. However, he thought his friend selfish.
when
during his last year of college
where
in the cold and plain living room
why
He didn't want to spend his birthday helping Mark with his project. When he went to talk to Mark, Mark ignored him completely.
2．对原文所提供的下划线词语进行分类。
★人物：friend, Mark
★事件：birthday, night, project
★地点： living room, classroom
★动作与心理描写： call, work on, cold and plain
第三步：精心谋篇
1．Paragraph 1：While he was saying it, Mallory, one of his classmates and friends, stood up and started to say，
正当他说那件事的时候，他的一个同学兼朋友Mallory站了起来，开始说，
[情节分析] 根据提示句可知，本段应描写通过Matt和Mallory的对话，Matt了解了事情的缘由：Mark给Matt准备了一个生日聚会，但联系不到 Matt；这些让Matt的朋友很生气，但Matt还责怪他的朋友。
Paragraph 2：Tears fell from his eyes. 泪水从他的眼中滑落。
[情节分析] 根据本段开头语的提示，要着重描写Matt 在朋友离开后的心理活动，使之与本文的开头相呼应。Matt不知道该说什么，也不知道该做什么来弥补过错，他的朋友都离开了教室，教室就他独自一人，就像他现在的客厅一样。
第四步：初写成文
Paragraph 1：
1．你怎么能对Mark说这种话？
How_can_you say so to Mark?
2．你不知道发生了什么事！
You don't know what_happened!
3．昨天晚上，他给你打了很多次电话，但是没有得到你的任何答复。
Last night, he called_you many times, but he didn't get any answer from you.
4．他担心你发生了什么问题。
He worried about what_was_going_wrong_with you.
5．Matt开始向Mallory道歉，并对自己说：“他为什么要这样做？他可以自己做他的项目，而且……”
Matt started to apologize to Mallory and to himself, saying, “Why did he do it? He could work_on_the_project by himself, and ...”
6．Mallory生气地说：“住嘴！”
Mallory spoke angrily, “Shut_up！”
7．他为你准备了一个惊喜生日聚会，我们整晚都在等你或者你的电话。
He had prepared a_surprise_birthday_party for you, and we waited for you or for a call all night long.
Paragraph 2：
8．Matt不知道该说什么，也不知道该做什么。
Matt didn't know what_he_should_say or what he should do.
9．他还没来得及说话，Mallory已经离开了教室。
Before_he_said_anything,_Mallory had left the classroom.
10．他坐下来，在那里待了很长时间。
He sat down and stayed_there for a long time.
11．他环顾了一下教室。寒冷而普通的教室里没有他的朋友。
He looked_around the classroom. It was cold and plain without his friends.
12．它是空的，就像他现在的客厅一样。
It was empty, just_like_his_living_room now.
第五步：润色升级
1．用高级词汇替换要点3中的get any answer from。
get any answer from→get_through_to
2．用“疑问词＋不定式”改写要点8。
Matt_didn't_know_what_to_say_or_what_to_do.
3．用定语从句改写要点11。
He_looked_around_the_classroom,_which_was_cold_and_plain_without_his_friends.
第六步：复查定稿
Paragraph 1：
While he was saying it, Mallory, one of his classmates and friends, stood up and started to say, “How can you say so to Mark? You don't know what happened! Last night, he called you many times, but he didn't get through to you. He worried about what was going wrong with you.” Matt started to apologize to Mallory and to himself, saying, “Why did he do it? He could work_on the project by himself, and ... ” At that time Mallory spoke angrily, “Shut up! He had prepared a surprise birthday party for you, and we waited for you or for a call all night long.”
Paragraph 2：
Tears fell from his eyes. Matt didn't know what to say or what to do. Before he said anything, Mallory had left the classroom. He sat down and stayed there for a long time. He looked around the classroom, which was cold_and_plain without his friends. It was empty, just like his living_room now.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Carelessness is apparently (显然) bad because it always leads to failure.
2．When you go abroad for further study, you should learn to adapt to the customs (风俗) of the destination country.
3．Some animals hibernate (冬眠) under snow, because there is much air in loose (疏松的) snow.
4．It was foolish (傻的) of him to refer to his note during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.
5．I don't think the chair is firm (稳固的) enough to stand on.
6．I feel awkward (尴尬的) as everyone except me is in evening dress.
7．It took her a month to adjust (适应) to the new life in senior high school.
8．The young man lay on the sofa with his arms folded (交叉) and soon fell asleep.
9．His study was furnished (配备) with an antique desk and chair.
10．English idioms are even difficult for native (本国的) English speakers, let alone Chinese.
Ⅱ.语境语法填空
1．This small town has ❶a population of nearly 50,000, which is made ❷up of 5 minorities, and ❸apparently (apparent), their customs are also ❹diverse (diversity), especially their clothes are ❺varied/various (vary)．
2．My nephew has a lame leg, but he ❶runs (run) many a garage ❷where you can see many people pulling ❸out their repaired cars.
3．With a rooster ❶fastened (fasten) to his spade, the farmer sets ❷off to the market to sell it, because he needs to buy a chair which can ❸be_folded (fold) to carry when he goes ❹fishing (fish)．
4．Could you pick ❶up a tool from the bucket to help me to get in the crops? The weather forecast said there is a thunderstorm in ❷the distance which is coming here.So we must adjust ❸ourselves (us) to this situation.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．实践是最好的学习方法。(否定词＋比较级)
There's no_better_way_to_learn_than by doing.
2．吃完晚饭，我们开始讨论野餐的事。(独立主格结构)
Supper_finished,_we started to discuss the picnic.
3．不管他有多忙，他每周都去看望他的父母一次。(however)
However_busy_he_is,_he visits his parents once a week.
Ⅳ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根据提示填空
The Korean ethnic group is one of the 55 ethnic ❶minorities (minority) in China.
They are ❷mainly (main) in Changbai Mountain area which is near Korea to the Northeast of China.Most of them now ❸live_in (住在) Jilin Province. Most people in the area speak Korean language, while some of them speak Chinese.They ❹moved (move) there from Korea hundreds of years ago.They like ❺wearing (wear) white clothes which stand for being pure and simple.People of the Korean ethnic group in China are fond of ❻varieties (variety) of sports, such as ❼wrestling (wrestle)and playing football.And also they ❽are_all_good_at_singing_and_dancing (都能歌善舞)．What's ❾more (much), they have over one thousand schools, of which Yanbian University is very famous.
The Korean ethnic group in China is a great and hardworking_ethnic_minority (勤劳的少数民族)．
(Ⅱ)片段选词填空
local， celebrate， custom， costumes， nationality， forefather， traditional， communicate with， with the help of， dance to
There are about 120 families and threefourths of them are Buyi ❶nationality and onefourth are Miao people.On January 10th every lunar year, the villagers hold ❷traditional dancing activities to ❸celebrate the New Year.Buyi and Miao villagers in their best ❹costumes sing and ❺dance_to the melodies from the Lusheng (芦笙) and the bamboo flutes to celebrate their own traditional festival.Legends said once some robbers captured the Buyi ❻forefather in the village.The villagers failed to rescue him by themselves and asked the ❼local Miao people for help.The Miao people played the Lusheng and sang Miao songs to ❽communicate_with him and the robbers couldn't understand them.❾With_the_help_of the Miao people, the forefather was rescued.Since then, the local Buyi people have formed the ❿custom of singing and dancing to appreciate the help from the Miao people. People sing and dance for three days for the festival each year.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·天津高考)Nature seems to unfold (fold) to people who watch and wait.
2．(2018·北京高考)That way, you may adjust yourself to the life here in Beijing soon.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened (fasten) on your belt.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity (diverse) in the park.
5．(2017·江苏高考)The second principle is to loosen (loose) the control that providers of online services have over data and give more to those who supply them.
6．(2016·浙江高考)I made friends with the natives (native), and their reaction amazed me.
7．(2016·浙江高考)The reunited lovers held each other's hands firmly (firm) and walked ahead together.
8．(2015·重庆高考)“You have a wonderful daughter，” she said, apparently (apparent) in tears.
9．(2010·广东高考)They are barely (bare) in their twenties and are already multimillionaires.
10．(2009·江西高考)Hurriedly, they packed their belongings and set off in the direction of the river.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用adjust, run, firm填空)
1. (2016·北京高考完形填空)Balto put his nose to the ground, trying to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes passed by.Suddenly, Balto began to __53__.He had found the trail.run
2．(2016·天津高考完形填空)From that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn't miss a single practice.She had a __26__ intention within herself to be the best she could be.firm
3．(2015·重庆高考)For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start __32__ your biological clock to the destination's time.adjusting
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：文化是民族的重要特征，是民族生命力、凝聚力和创造力的重要源泉。民族的风俗习惯、语言文字和宗教信仰是在长期的社会历史发展中形成的，反映了一个民族的历史传统和心理感情。中国是个具有悠久历史文化的国家，国家一直倡导继承和发扬民族传统文化。高考也对此话题不断涉及，我们应给予关注和重视。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
(2018·浙江高考)[1]As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line (装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
[2]Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American — going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a neverending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
[3]In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farmbased society into an industrial power.
[4]The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
[5]The problems of excessive (过度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L．Friedman.He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
[6]Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车把美国从一个以农业为主的国家变成一个工业大国。但与此同时，汽车也带来了很多环境问题。
1．Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．To explain Americans' love for travelling by car.
B．To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C．To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D．To praise the effectiveness of America's road system.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture ...even the hamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了展现汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响，甚至影响到了汉堡。故选B项。
2．What has the use of cars in America led to?
A．Decline of economy.
B．Environmental problems.
C．A shortage of oil supply.
D．A farm based society.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选B项。
3．What is Friedman's attitude towards America's future?
A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful.
C．Hopeful. D．Tolerant.
解析：选C 观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman 认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
推理判断技法(12)——根据干扰项的4大特征解题
①与常识相吻合，但并不是从短文内容推知的，不是基于文章，如上文第1题中的C项。
②看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，如上文第1题中的A项。
③偏离文章主题，属主观臆断的结论，如上文第1题中的D项。
④简单重述短文内容，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当作间接推理。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019·陕西高三质检)Culture shock occurs when people have been suddenly thrown into a new culture. Newcomers may be anxious because they don't speak the language. Neither do they know the customs nor understand the people's behavior in daily life.
Quite often the visitor finds that “yes” may not always mean “yes”， that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigners may be unsure as to when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The idea of culture shock helps explain the feelings of puzzlement and confusion.
Language problems do not account for all the setback that people feel. When one has lost everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.
When an individual enters a strange culture, he or she feels like a fish out of water. Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to the culture and feel deserted by the native members of the culture. When this happens, visitors may want to reject everything about the new environment and may glorify and sing their own praises of the positive aspects of their own culture. On the other side, more visitors may sneeze at their native country by rejecting its value and instead choosing to approve of the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to accept the new culture in order to be taken in by the people in it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了文化冲击发生的原因和结果，以及表现形式等。
1．What do people feel when they are abruptly in a new culture?
A．Excited. B．Delighted.
C．Upset. D．Hopeless.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Newcomers may be anxious because they don't speak the language. Neither do they know the customs nor understand the people's behavior in daily life.”可知，由于语言不通、不了解当地的风俗、不理解当地人日常生活中的行为习惯，新来者会感到焦虑、担心。C项意为“心烦的；不安的”，符合语境。
2．We can infer from the second paragraph that________.
A．it's impossible to get used to a new culture
B．people feel confused due to culture shock
C．foreigners often don't mean what native people say
D．most foreigners are usually quite humorous
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“The foreigners may be unsure ... the feelings of puzzlement and confusion.”可知，外地人可能不确定什么时候握手，什么时候开始交谈，或者如何接近陌生人，文化冲击有助于解释这种困惑与窘迫的感觉。据此可以推断，由于文化冲击，人们常常会感到困惑。
3．The biggest barrier people often meet with in a new country is________.
A．the language B．the transportation
C．the environment D．the puzzlement
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Newcomers may be anxious because they don't speak the language.”并结合常识可知，在一个新的国家，人们遇到的最大问题就是语言不通。
4．A few immigrants say no to everything of the new country because________.
A．they miss their native culture seriously
B．they know nothing about the culture
C．they can't enter the mainstream society
D．they really regret having immigrated
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Newcomers feel at times that ... the positive aspects of their own culture.”可知，新来者有时觉得自己不属于当地的文化，觉得自己被抛弃了，他们会拒绝一切有关新环境的东西，并称赞他们自己的文化中积极的方面。据此可以推断，由于对新文化一无所知，新来的一些移民常常会拒绝新国家中的一切。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Cheer up Your Best Friend
Everyone feels down every once in a while, including your best friend. Maybe your best friend has recently experienced something that could make her or him feel sad. It is difficult to see a best friend feeling miserable. __1__.
Communication
There are cute ways to let your best friend know how important he or she is to you. You might consider sending a text you both find funny. __2__.
Gifts
A cute gift may be all he or she needs to cheer up. It doesn't have to be an expensive one, but if it is cute and holds a meaning between the two of you, it can go a long way. If he or she knows you are terrible at making arts and crafts, please go ahead and make him or her something. __3__. A bad attempt at an art and craft says a lot about how much you care. If you don't like to do arts and crafts, you could go out and find him or her something the two of you have always joked about buying and actually buy it for him or her.
__4__
If your best friend feels depressed, he or she may decide to stay locked up for days. Instead of letting him or her stay in, work to get him or her up and out of the house. Invite him or her to your house to play silly board games; take him or her to a surprise movie; or even walk out when you've eaten all the popcorn.
Music
Music is a powerful way to get your friend out of a bad mood. __5__. To make it cute, you can record yourself singing a track, or put a personalized message before each track to make him or her laugh.
A．It's the thought that counts
B．Invite him or her to a surprise movie
C．Get him or her out of the house
D．You could make him or her a mix of some of your favourite music
E．You might also call him or her voicemail and sing him a song you both like
F．However, there are many things you can do to cheer him or her up
G．Get personalized recommendations and add a new track to your list
语篇解读：朋友某些时候会伤心难受，我们应做什么来帮助他们呢？本文介绍了几个让朋友摆脱坏心情并开心起来的办法。
1．选F 根据下文介绍的几个让朋友振作起来的办法，结合设空前的内容“看见朋友心情不好很难受”可知选项F“然而，你可以做很多事情让朋友振作起来”符合语境。
2．选E 本段标题是Communication，又根据空前一句中的“sending a text”可知选项E中的“voicemail”与此呼应。
3．选A 根据空后的内容“how much you care”可知礼物不重要，最重要的是想法。故选项A正确。
4．选C 根据该段中的“get him or her up and out of the house”可知选项C中的“out of the house”与此呼应。
5．选D 该段标题是Music，故该空应与music相关，故含有关键词music的选项D符合语境。
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Shyness is partly a result of genes a person has inherited (经遗传得到). It's also influenced by behaviors they've learned, the ways people have reacted to their shyness, and life experiences they've had. The examples other people set can also play a role in whether a person learns to be shy or not.If the parents of a shy child are overly cautious or overprotective, it can teach the child to back away from situations that might be uncomfortable or unfamiliar.
Many people want to reduce their shyness. But people who are naturally shy also have gifts that they might not appreciate in themselves. For example, because shy people may prefer listening to talking, they sometimes become really good listeners. People who are shy might also become sensitive to other people's feelings and emotions. Because of their sensitivity and listening skills, many people with a shy personality are especially caring toward others, and interested in how others feel. People often consider them the finest friends.
Overcoming shyness takes practice. People who are shy tend to give themselves fewer chances to practice social behaviors. It's no wonder that people who shy away from socializing don't feel as socially confident as people who are outgoing — they have less practice! The more you practice social behaviors, the easier they get, and the more natural they feel for you.
Take slow, steady steps forward. Going slow is OK. But be sure to go forward. Stepping back from any situations that might trigger you to feel shy can reinforce shyness and keep it at a level that's hard to get past. Build confidence by taking one small forward step at a time. Also, it's OK to feel awkward. Everyone does sometimes. People who are shy are often afraid to feel awkward or uncomfortable. But don't let that keep you from doing what you want. You might feel awkward asking your friend for help. That's perfectly natural. Whether your friend says “yes” or “no” is out of your control. But not asking at all means you'll never get the help. So go for it anyway!
参考范文：
Shyness has something to do with genes, behaviors and the ways people deal with it and so on. (要点1) Some people seek to get rid of it, while in fact it can also motivate such gifts as good listening and understanding in people. (要点2) However, overcoming shyness takes time and much practice. (要点3) So take slow, steady steps forward and build confidence step by step. (要点4)
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