2020版一轮复习英语新课改·外研版学案：专题十二构词法
展开专题十二构词法名词后缀 1．动词变名词的后缀后缀例词ion/tion/ sion/ationcorrect→correction 改正celebrate→celebration 庆祝；庆祝会conclude→conclusion 结论；结束discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论decide→decision 决定admit→admission 接纳；准许入学attract→attraction 吸引invite→invitation 邀请；请柬explain→explanation 解释graduate→graduation 毕业expect→expectation 期望；期待er/ordrive→driver 司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer 收集者；采集者conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员teach→teacher 老师announce→announcer 播音员mentpunish→punishment 惩罚achieve→achievement 功绩；成就argue→argument 辩论；论据treat→treatment 对待；治疗 equip→equipment 装备；设备govern→government 政府ance/enceappear→appearance 出现；外貌guide→guidance 指引；指导perform→performance 表演；节目exist→existence 存在；生存prefer→preference 偏爱refer→reference 参考；查阅inghear→hearing 听力；听觉begin→beginning 开头；开端ure/turefail→failure 失败；没做到press→pressure 压力mix→mixture 混合；混合物depart→departure 离开；出发yrecover→recovery 恢复；痊愈discover→discovery 发现其他choose→choice 选择vary→variety 多样化；种类tend→tendency 趋向；趋势grow→growth 生长；增加weigh→weight 重量 2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshort→shortage 不足；短缺cyefficient→efficiency 效率；功效fluent→fluency 流利；流畅accurate→accuracy 准确性private→privacy 隐私；私密domfree→freedom 自由；自主wise→wisdom 明智；智慧encedifferent→difference 差异silent→silence 沉默nessweak→weakness 虚弱；弱点kind→kindness 仁慈；好意careless→carelessness 粗心大意thstrong→strength 力气；强项warm→warmth 温暖；热情y ty ityhonest→honesty 诚实difficult→difficulty 困难cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴safe→safety 安全disable→disability 无能；伤残responsible→responsibility 责任 [命题点感悟] 单句语法填空①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析：pollution decrease“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填名词pollution。②(2018·浙江6月高考)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems.解析：weight 根据语境可知，此处表示体重方面的问题，故此处填名词作定语。③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the________ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.解析：introduction 根据空格前面的定冠词the可知此处需要填名词。with the introduction of表示“随着……的引进”。④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her ________(educate)．解析：education 空格前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education。⑤(2016·浙江10月高考)Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best ________ (perform) to this day.解析：performance 根据前面的show可知此处需要填名词。“这是Great Jason's迄今最好的表演”。 形容词、副词后缀1.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词ableaccept→acceptable 可接受的comfort→comfortable 舒适的fashion→fashionable 时髦的suit→suitable 合适的reason→reasonable 有道理的almusic→musical 音乐的origin→original 最初的person→personal 个人的；私人的center→central 中央的；中心的nature→natural 自然的；天生的fuldoubt→doubtful 怀疑的forget→forgetful 健忘的harm→harmful 有害的hope→hopeful 有希望的peace→peaceful 和平的edscare→scared 感到恐惧的confuse→confused 感到困惑的underline→underlined 下划线的ingsurprise→surprising 令人惊异的convince→convincing 令人信服的satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的ibleaccess→accessible 容易取得的horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible 可怕的iveact→active 积极的；活跃的effect→effective 有效的；生效的attract→attractive 有吸引力的impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的ouscontinue→continuous 不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious 忧虑的caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的somecuriosity→curious 好奇的humor→humorous 幽默的tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome 麻烦的ytaste→tasty 美味的；可口的health→healthy 健康的wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的erneast→eastern 东方的；向东的ishchild→childish 孩子气的fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish 自私的 2.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加ly clear→clearly清楚地 slow→slowly缓慢地改y为ilyhappy→happily高兴地easy→easily容易地去e加lytrue→truly真诚地；确实possible→possibly可能地 [命题点感悟] 单句语法填空①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is ________ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.解析：actually 此处用副词作状语修饰系动词is。②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) However, be_________ (care) not to go to extremes.解析：careful 此处表示“小心不要走极端”。根据语境和be可知此处应用形容词careful作表语。③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) It is _____________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.解析：certainly 此处应该使用副词形式作状语，修饰“fun”。④(2017·江苏高考改编)Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smartphones defeated ________ (convention) PCs in sales.解析：conventional 句意：仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世五年后，智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。由空格后的名词“PCs”可知，应填形容词形式conventional，表示“传统的”。⑤(2016·浙江10月高考)I looked ________ (quick) at the clock.解析：quickly 根据looked可知此处应该使用副词。⑥(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) The title will be __________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.解析：officially 此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，根据句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。⑦(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ____________ (regular)．解析：regularly 此处需要用副词形式修饰动词短语“take short breaks”。⑧(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As__________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.解析：natural 此处需要用形容词形式作定语修饰后面的名词architects。[专题过关训练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．They had both been sentenced to death (die)．2．The girl then plants a kiss on the grass in a heartwarming show of affection (affect)．3．My application (apply) was successful and I spent an enjoyable month learning filmmaking.4．Perhaps he can make his_fortune_(fortunate) at football.5．I really needed Snow, because it was good for my recovery (recover)．6．I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. Unfortunately (fortunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.7．People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is useless (use)．8．There are so many different labels on food nowadays. They are not only confusing (confuse) but also misleading.9．Disappointed (disappoint) as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers patient.10．Similarly (similar), people prefer movies that reflect their mood.11．I have read lots of inspiring (inspire) stories of kindness.12．In order to make myself understood, I told him how to go there as clearly (clear) as possible.13．She always spoke kindly (kind) to the children.14．I'm looking forward to your kindly reply at your earliest convenience (convenient)．15．Even closest friends have quarrels, so don't take it too seriously (serious)．Ⅱ.语法填空Bri is a junior at Marquette University studying Social Welfare and Justice. She __1__ (original) came from Monterey Park, California. Bri and her four siblings __2__ (adopt) by her two loving parents at a young age. Her parents are a main source of her __3__ (inspire) to explore the world and meet different people. Bri is always __4__ independent girl and moved away from home for college __5__ (experience) a different atmosphere. She went to Milwaukee by __6__ (she) without even visiting the city. She said, “Marquette just felt right to me.”It is no surprise that Bri began to get __7__ (involve) in many student organizations when she arrived in Marquette. Her faith guided her to join the Midnight Run team and work at Campus Ministry. Midnight Run is an organization led __8__ students and provides services for the homeless and the impoverished population of Milwaukee. Bri quickly took on the leadership role of cocoordinator. Bri also took part in Justice, a student organization __9__ students advocate for change in social justice issues in Milwaukee. Through volunteering at multiple locations in Milwaukee, she is able to meet a diverse population of individuals and build relationships. She loves it when people are __10__ (passion) about their dreams and she also enjoys pushing individuals to do what they love.语篇解读：Bri是马凯特大学的大学生，她积极参加各种公益组织，去帮助他人并且维护社会正义。1.originally 修饰动词came，故用副词形式。2．were adopted “Bri and her four siblings”与adopt 之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。3．inspiration 根据语境可知，她想要去探索世界接触不同的人的灵感主要源于她的父母。用在形容词性物主代词之后，故用名词形式，inspiration“灵感”。4．an 根据语境可知，她一直是一个独立的女孩。故用不定冠词修饰， independent的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。5．to experience 根据语境可知，为了体验一种不同的氛围，她离开家去上大学。此处用动词不定式短语作状语，表示目的。6．herself 根据语境可知，她甚至没有游览过密尔沃基，就独自一个人去了那里。by herself表示“独自地”。7．involved get involved in“参加，参与”，为固定搭配。8．by 根据语境可知，Midnight Run 是一个由学生领导的组织，故用介词by。9．where 先行词是organization，定语从句缺少地点状语。10．passionate 固定搭配be passionate about 表示“热衷于……；热爱……”。
