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2020版高考英语新增分大一轮译林（江苏）版语法专题讲义：专题五
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专题五 定语从句
定语从句的核心考点
1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
2.位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。
Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.
3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-，any-，every-和no-与-body，-thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等
关系副词：when，where，why等
5.确定关系词的步骤：
(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。
(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit (them) in China.
6.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which：
(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。
(3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。
(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.
(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which are the books that you bought for me?
7.宜用which而不用that的情况：
(1)在非限制性定语从句中。
(2)在关系词前有介词时。
(3)当先行词本身是that时。
(4)关系词后有插入语时。
8.关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。
(1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。
(2)先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词时，关系词用who。
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。
9.whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。
Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving?
There is a room，whose window faces the river.
10.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
(1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many(much)中，从句都用as 引导。
Such books as you bought are useful.
The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.
注意：①such...that...引导结果状语从句。如：They are such lovely children that we love them much。②the same...that...引导定语从句。如：I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
(2)先行词为句子的定语从句用as和which引导。
区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。
He didn’t pass the exam，as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out.
As is known，the earth is round.
题组训练1
用适当的关系代词填空
1.The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.
2.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
3.I have three foreign teachers，two of whom are from Canada.
4.She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.
5.This is the only way that we can find at present.
6.The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
11.关系副词when与where，why，that
when 指时间＝in/at/on/during which
where指地点＝in/at/from which
why指原因＝for which
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when，where，why和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为the way，the time，the day，the place等，在口语中that常被省略。
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he talks.
The day (that/when/on which) she arrived was Thursday.
题组训练2
用适当的关系副词填空
1.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，when the audience can buy ice-cream.
2.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，where it will keep for two or three weeks.
3.Can you work out a way(that/in which) we can solve this problem?
4.The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
5.I didn’t know the reason (why) he came late.
12.必须注意的问题：
(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。
②强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词。
③去掉it is/was和that/who后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。
It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定语从句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。
②同位语从句的引导词被叫作连接词，that不充当任何成分，不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语从句)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(定语从句)
(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
(5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。
(6)几个特殊的定语从句句型：
①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one为先行词)
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students为先行词)
②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?
Is this the place (that/which) we visited yesterday?
③He stood at the window，from where he could see what was happening.
④It may rain，in which case the match will be put off.
1.Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
(2018·江苏，23)
A.that B.where
C.which D.when
答案 B
解析 句意为：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处在同一起跑线的领域。分析句子结构可知，area作定语从句的先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，要用where引导。that和which为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；when是关系副词，在定语从句中作时间状语。
2.She and her family bicycle to work， helps them keep fit.(2018·北京，5)
A.which B.who C.as D.that
答案 A
解析 此处应该选A项，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前面整个主句的内容(她和家人骑自行车上班这件事)，which在从句中作主语。用who引导定语从句时，先行词应该指人；as引导非限制性定语从句时，常位于句首且结构相对固定；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
3.Kate， sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.
(2018·天津，2)
A.whom B.that
C.whose D.her
答案 C
解析 句意为：凯特，在大学时我与她的姐姐同住一个房间，已经去澳大利亚工作了。Kate与sister是所属关系，应用whose引导定语从句。
4.My eldest son， work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.
(2017·天津，9)
A.that B.whose
C.his D.who
答案 B
解析 句意为：我的长子现在在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后的名词有所属关系，故应用whose。
5.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017·江苏，28)
A.which B.its
C.whose D.whom
答案 C
解析 句意为：联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的一个宗旨是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the World Food Programme与purposes之间为所属关系，故用whose作purpose的定语，因此选C项。
6.The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
(2017·北京，31)
A.that B.as
C.where D.when
答案 A
解析 句意为：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用that。as引导定语从句时，多用于the same...as...，such...as...等结构中；where，when引导定语从句时，在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。
7.Many young people，most were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016·江苏，23)
A.of which B.of them
C.of whom D.of those
答案 C
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。
8.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， the weather may be better.
(2016·天津，9)
A.that B.where
C.which D.when
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。
9.It is a truly delightful place， looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015·湖南，29)
A.as B.where
C.that D.which
答案 D
解析 句意为：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面的定语从句中缺少主语，可用which或that引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。
10.Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, you can hear some lovely music.(2015·北京，24)
A.which B.that
C.when D.where
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。 先行词是St.Paul’s Church；从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，用where。故选D。
11.Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015·浙江，19)
A.as B.whose
C.in which D.at which
答案 C
解析 考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意为：创造让雇员感受到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知， employees feel part of a team是一个定语从句，从句中缺少状语，故用where或“介词＋which”引导，根据与先行词an atmosphere的搭配可判断介词用in，故选C项。
12.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.(2015·天津，15)
A.where B.which
C.when D.who
答案 A
解析 考查定语从句引导词。句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an easy atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故要用where。
13.China Today attracts a worldwide readership， shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015·福建，34)
A.who B.whom
C.that D.which
答案 D
解析 考查which引导非限制性定语从句。句意为：《中国日报》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。
14.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.
(2015·安徽，28)
A.it B.that
C.whose D.which
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it不能引导定语从句；that不用于介词之后；whose作定语，其后需有名词；depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词on被提到了定语从句引导词之前，只能用which来引导，故选D。
15.As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.(2015·陕西，15)
A.which B.where
C.whom D.when
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是盼望着他能独立的时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the time，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。选D。
16.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work a good impression is a must.(2014·江苏，22)
A.which B.when
C.as D.where
答案 D
解析 本题考查定语从句关系词的用法。句意为：这本书在日常交际中给予了我很大的帮助，尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中。本题先行词为work，可以理解为抽象的地点；而从句部分不缺主语也不缺宾语，因此可以排除关系代词，而选择可以作状语的关系副词where。
17.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014·安徽，22)
A.when B.where
C.why D.which
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句。先行词是the exact year，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语所以选D。
18.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade， I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014·浙江，5)
A.when B.where
C.which D.why
答案 A
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人，当时我爬上树拯救了一个卡在树枝上的风筝。when引导的非限制性定语从句是对先行词the fifth grade的进一步说明，when在从句中作时间状语。
19.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， my classmates recommended to me.(2014·北京，26)
A.who B.which
C.when D.where
答案 B
解析 考查定语从句。此处the book Sherlock Holmes是先行词，指物，关系词在从句中作recommended的宾语；又因为是非限制性定语从句。故选B项。
20.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， uses it differently.
(2014·天津，12)
A.all of which B.each of which
C.all of them D.each of them
答案 B
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：英语是一种被几种不同文化共享的语言，每种文化都用不同的方式使用它。前后两个分句间无连词，又由标点符号“逗号”可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，对先行词diverse cultures进行补充说明，再由后面谓语动词uses可知，B项正确。
1.Coming-of-age is a ceremony young people wear traditional costumes to mark the transition from youth to adulthood.(2018·南京三模，23)
A.that B.what
C.as D.where
答案 D
解析 句意为：成人礼是一个仪式， 在这个仪式中年轻人穿着传统服饰以纪念从少年到成年的转变。先行词为ceremony，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where来引导定语从句。
2.The reason matters most in his failing the English test is he pays little attention to sentence structures.
A.why；that B.that；that
C.which；because D.what；because
答案 B
解析 分析句子结构可知，第一空是一个定语从句的引导词，修饰先行词reason，从句缺少主语，因此用关系代词，由此排除A、D两项；第二空是表语从句引导词，从句不缺少任何成分，而且语意完整，因此选that。故B项正确。句意为：他英语考试失败最主要的原因是他很少关注句式结构。
3.An official said the plan had also taken migrant workers into account， medical care would be provided even if they didn’t have a stable job.
A.for whom B.for which
C.with whom D.with which
答案 A
解析 句意为：一个官员说这个计划也考虑到了进城务工人员，即使没有稳定的工作也会给他们提供医疗保健。本题为以migrant workers为先行词的定语从句，由sth. be provided for sb. 可知，从句部分缺少宾语，故用for whom。
4.We are living in an age QR codes(二维码) are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.
A.why B.that
C.whose D.when
答案 D
解析 句意为：我们生活在一个二维码在日常生活中越来越受欢迎的时代。先行词是表示时间的age，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故选D。
5.A series of policies has been adopted so far benefits the poverty-stricken people will enjoy.
(2018·南通、泰州一调，26)
A.which B.that
C.whose D.as
答案 C
解析 首先后面“the poverty-stricken people will enjoy”不完整，缺少宾语，宾语应当为该项政策带来的好处，benefits和policies之间为从属关系，用whose。故选C。
6.The air quality in the city， is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
A.that B.it
C.as D.what
答案 C
解析 通过分析句子成分可知，这里是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as正如，在这里作主语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句；what不能引导定语从句。故选C。
7.As to Gaokao reform，the spokesman had a sincere conversation with journalists，the press release of has already been made public.(2017·镇江一模，23)
A.whom B.which
C.when D.where
答案 B
解析 句意为：关于高考改革，发言人与记者们进行了真诚的交谈，交谈的新闻稿已经被公开了。先行词为conversation，指事物，关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语，故选B项。
8.It’s strongly advised that smokers not be allowed to smoke in any room babies currently occupies.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模，34)
A.where B.whose
C.that D.as
答案 C
解析 句意为：人们强烈建议吸烟者不能在任何有婴儿的房间里吸烟。先行词为room，定语从句中babies是主语，occupy是谓语动词，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that，故选C项。
9.Keeping a regular sleep schedule is important for setting a baby’s body clock， researchers note should be in place by about 4 months of age.(2017·南京三模，31)
A.whose B.which
C.when D.where
答案 B
解析 句意为：保持有规律的睡眠计划对于调整婴儿的生物钟很重要，研究人员指出，到孩子大约4个月大的时候应该调整到位。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用which引导，故选B项。
10.We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless，a world each and every corner is a true paradise.(2017·南京、盐城二模，29)
A.that B.which
C.of which D.from where
答案 C
解析 句意为：我们致力于创造一个远离无家可归和绝望的世界，一个每个角落都是真正的乐园的世界。先行词为world，代入定语从句后为every corner of the world is a true paradise，故选C项。
11.Newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children some worry is changing the very nature of childhood.(2018·苏锡常镇一调，24)
A.why B.which
C.who D.where
答案 B
解析 some worry为插入语可略去不看，which指物指代an increase in technology use among children这个现象，故选B。
12.The project is based on an agreement，one of purposes is to ensure that the project can be accomplished before the deadline.
A.whose B.which
C.its D.what
答案 A
解析 分析句子结构可知，后句表示“这项协议的目的之一在于……”，先行词是agreement，定语从句中缺少主语purposes的限定词，故A项正确。
13.Some biologists believe this is an ancient survival strategy， a diet with 30 percent fewer calories than usual increased life span.
A.for which B.to which
C.of which D.in which
答案 D
解析 句意为：一些生物学家认为这是一种古代的生存策略，即饮食比平时少摄入30%的能量能延长寿命。通过分析句子成分可以看出，先行词为survival strategy，从句部分缺少状语，再结合句意可知应用in which。
14.Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations appear in the working world.
A.where B.when
C.that D.what
答案 C
解析 句意为：已经找到工作的年轻人可能意识到大学课程对于工作世界中出现的所有情况不是唯一的准备。that充当关系代词，引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
15.We are creating a new vision for public health all of society work together to get healthier and live longer.(2017·南通一模，24)
A.which B.whom
C.where D.when
答案 C
解析 句意为：我们正在为公共健康创造全新的蓝图，整个社会一起努力使得人们变得更健康、更长寿。先行词是a new vision，从句缺少地点状语，用关系副词where作从句的地点状语，故选C项。
16.In my opinion，one’s individual income does not wholly reflect the extent one’s self-value and social value are realized.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模，26)
A.of which B.with which
C.on which D.to which
答案 D
解析 句意为：我认为一个人的收入不能完全体现其自我价值和社会价值实现的程度。to the extent是固定搭配，意为“达到这种程度”。which引导定语从句，指代extent，并作介词to的宾语，故答案为D。
17.Teachers in primary schools influence the kids fall under should be role models.
(2017·苏北六市联考，27)
A.whose B.who
C.where D.which
答案 A
解析 句意为：小学老师们应该成为榜样，孩子们会受到他们的影响。根据句子结构可知，teachers是定语从句的先行词，孩子是受到老师的影响，即the kids fall under the teachers’ influence，应用whose引导定语从句，作influence的定语，故选A项。
18.We see Jesus in the children of unemployed parents， struggle to offer their children a secure and peaceful future.(2018·镇江一模，31)
A.whose B.whom
C.that D.who
答案 D
解析 句意为：我们在父母失业的孩子身上看到了耶稣，这些父母为了给孩子提供安全又和平的未来而作出极大的努力。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是unemployed parents，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导定语从句。故选D项。
19.The inner thoughts of the two young persons are revealed in the book， both of them fail to express.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，29)
A.where B.when
C.who D.which
答案 D
解析 句意为：这本书中揭露了这两个年轻人都未能表达的内心想法。分析句子成分可知，本题为非限制性定语从句。先行词为the inner thoughts，从句中express的后面缺少宾语，结合句意可知which符合题意。
20.Stress is everywhere and in fact it isn’t such a bad thing it is often supposed to be.
A.as B.that
C.what D.which
答案 A
解析 句意为：压力无处不在，而且事实上它并不像人们常常认为的那样是件坏事。根据句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词a bad thing，并在从句中作表语，且先行词前有such修饰，故此处应用as来引导该定语从句。
定语从句的核心考点
1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
2.位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。
Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.
3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-，any-，every-和no-与-body，-thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等
关系副词：when，where，why等
5.确定关系词的步骤：
(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。
(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit (them) in China.
6.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which：
(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。
(3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。
(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.
(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which are the books that you bought for me?
7.宜用which而不用that的情况：
(1)在非限制性定语从句中。
(2)在关系词前有介词时。
(3)当先行词本身是that时。
(4)关系词后有插入语时。
8.关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。
(1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。
(2)先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词时，关系词用who。
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。
9.whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。
Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving?
There is a room，whose window faces the river.
10.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
(1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many(much)中，从句都用as 引导。
Such books as you bought are useful.
The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.
注意：①such...that...引导结果状语从句。如：They are such lovely children that we love them much。②the same...that...引导定语从句。如：I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
(2)先行词为句子的定语从句用as和which引导。
区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。
He didn’t pass the exam，as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out.
As is known，the earth is round.
题组训练1
用适当的关系代词填空
1.The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.
2.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
3.I have three foreign teachers，two of whom are from Canada.
4.She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.
5.This is the only way that we can find at present.
6.The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
11.关系副词when与where，why，that
when 指时间＝in/at/on/during which
where指地点＝in/at/from which
why指原因＝for which
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when，where，why和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为the way，the time，the day，the place等，在口语中that常被省略。
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he talks.
The day (that/when/on which) she arrived was Thursday.
题组训练2
用适当的关系副词填空
1.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，when the audience can buy ice-cream.
2.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，where it will keep for two or three weeks.
3.Can you work out a way(that/in which) we can solve this problem?
4.The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
5.I didn’t know the reason (why) he came late.
12.必须注意的问题：
(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。
②强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词。
③去掉it is/was和that/who后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。
It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定语从句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。
②同位语从句的引导词被叫作连接词，that不充当任何成分，不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语从句)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(定语从句)
(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
(5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。
(6)几个特殊的定语从句句型：
①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one为先行词)
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students为先行词)
②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?
Is this the place (that/which) we visited yesterday?
③He stood at the window，from where he could see what was happening.
④It may rain，in which case the match will be put off.
1.Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
(2018·江苏，23)
A.that B.where
C.which D.when
答案 B
解析 句意为：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处在同一起跑线的领域。分析句子结构可知，area作定语从句的先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，要用where引导。that和which为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；when是关系副词，在定语从句中作时间状语。
2.She and her family bicycle to work， helps them keep fit.(2018·北京，5)
A.which B.who C.as D.that
答案 A
解析 此处应该选A项，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前面整个主句的内容(她和家人骑自行车上班这件事)，which在从句中作主语。用who引导定语从句时，先行词应该指人；as引导非限制性定语从句时，常位于句首且结构相对固定；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
3.Kate， sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.
(2018·天津，2)
A.whom B.that
C.whose D.her
答案 C
解析 句意为：凯特，在大学时我与她的姐姐同住一个房间，已经去澳大利亚工作了。Kate与sister是所属关系，应用whose引导定语从句。
4.My eldest son， work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.
(2017·天津，9)
A.that B.whose
C.his D.who
答案 B
解析 句意为：我的长子现在在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后的名词有所属关系，故应用whose。
5.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017·江苏，28)
A.which B.its
C.whose D.whom
答案 C
解析 句意为：联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的一个宗旨是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the World Food Programme与purposes之间为所属关系，故用whose作purpose的定语，因此选C项。
6.The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
(2017·北京，31)
A.that B.as
C.where D.when
答案 A
解析 句意为：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用that。as引导定语从句时，多用于the same...as...，such...as...等结构中；where，when引导定语从句时，在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。
7.Many young people，most were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016·江苏，23)
A.of which B.of them
C.of whom D.of those
答案 C
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。
8.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， the weather may be better.
(2016·天津，9)
A.that B.where
C.which D.when
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。
9.It is a truly delightful place， looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015·湖南，29)
A.as B.where
C.that D.which
答案 D
解析 句意为：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面的定语从句中缺少主语，可用which或that引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。
10.Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, you can hear some lovely music.(2015·北京，24)
A.which B.that
C.when D.where
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。 先行词是St.Paul’s Church；从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，用where。故选D。
11.Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015·浙江，19)
A.as B.whose
C.in which D.at which
答案 C
解析 考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意为：创造让雇员感受到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知， employees feel part of a team是一个定语从句，从句中缺少状语，故用where或“介词＋which”引导，根据与先行词an atmosphere的搭配可判断介词用in，故选C项。
12.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.(2015·天津，15)
A.where B.which
C.when D.who
答案 A
解析 考查定语从句引导词。句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an easy atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故要用where。
13.China Today attracts a worldwide readership， shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015·福建，34)
A.who B.whom
C.that D.which
答案 D
解析 考查which引导非限制性定语从句。句意为：《中国日报》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。
14.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.
(2015·安徽，28)
A.it B.that
C.whose D.which
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it不能引导定语从句；that不用于介词之后；whose作定语，其后需有名词；depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词on被提到了定语从句引导词之前，只能用which来引导，故选D。
15.As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.(2015·陕西，15)
A.which B.where
C.whom D.when
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是盼望着他能独立的时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the time，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。选D。
16.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work a good impression is a must.(2014·江苏，22)
A.which B.when
C.as D.where
答案 D
解析 本题考查定语从句关系词的用法。句意为：这本书在日常交际中给予了我很大的帮助，尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中。本题先行词为work，可以理解为抽象的地点；而从句部分不缺主语也不缺宾语，因此可以排除关系代词，而选择可以作状语的关系副词where。
17.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014·安徽，22)
A.when B.where
C.why D.which
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句。先行词是the exact year，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语所以选D。
18.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade， I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014·浙江，5)
A.when B.where
C.which D.why
答案 A
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人，当时我爬上树拯救了一个卡在树枝上的风筝。when引导的非限制性定语从句是对先行词the fifth grade的进一步说明，when在从句中作时间状语。
19.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， my classmates recommended to me.(2014·北京，26)
A.who B.which
C.when D.where
答案 B
解析 考查定语从句。此处the book Sherlock Holmes是先行词，指物，关系词在从句中作recommended的宾语；又因为是非限制性定语从句。故选B项。
20.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， uses it differently.
(2014·天津，12)
A.all of which B.each of which
C.all of them D.each of them
答案 B
解析 考查定语从句。句意为：英语是一种被几种不同文化共享的语言，每种文化都用不同的方式使用它。前后两个分句间无连词，又由标点符号“逗号”可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，对先行词diverse cultures进行补充说明，再由后面谓语动词uses可知，B项正确。
1.Coming-of-age is a ceremony young people wear traditional costumes to mark the transition from youth to adulthood.(2018·南京三模，23)
A.that B.what
C.as D.where
答案 D
解析 句意为：成人礼是一个仪式， 在这个仪式中年轻人穿着传统服饰以纪念从少年到成年的转变。先行词为ceremony，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where来引导定语从句。
2.The reason matters most in his failing the English test is he pays little attention to sentence structures.
A.why；that B.that；that
C.which；because D.what；because
答案 B
解析 分析句子结构可知，第一空是一个定语从句的引导词，修饰先行词reason，从句缺少主语，因此用关系代词，由此排除A、D两项；第二空是表语从句引导词，从句不缺少任何成分，而且语意完整，因此选that。故B项正确。句意为：他英语考试失败最主要的原因是他很少关注句式结构。
3.An official said the plan had also taken migrant workers into account， medical care would be provided even if they didn’t have a stable job.
A.for whom B.for which
C.with whom D.with which
答案 A
解析 句意为：一个官员说这个计划也考虑到了进城务工人员，即使没有稳定的工作也会给他们提供医疗保健。本题为以migrant workers为先行词的定语从句，由sth. be provided for sb. 可知，从句部分缺少宾语，故用for whom。
4.We are living in an age QR codes(二维码) are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.
A.why B.that
C.whose D.when
答案 D
解析 句意为：我们生活在一个二维码在日常生活中越来越受欢迎的时代。先行词是表示时间的age，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故选D。
5.A series of policies has been adopted so far benefits the poverty-stricken people will enjoy.
(2018·南通、泰州一调，26)
A.which B.that
C.whose D.as
答案 C
解析 首先后面“the poverty-stricken people will enjoy”不完整，缺少宾语，宾语应当为该项政策带来的好处，benefits和policies之间为从属关系，用whose。故选C。
6.The air quality in the city， is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
A.that B.it
C.as D.what
答案 C
解析 通过分析句子成分可知，这里是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as正如，在这里作主语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句；what不能引导定语从句。故选C。
7.As to Gaokao reform，the spokesman had a sincere conversation with journalists，the press release of has already been made public.(2017·镇江一模，23)
A.whom B.which
C.when D.where
答案 B
解析 句意为：关于高考改革，发言人与记者们进行了真诚的交谈，交谈的新闻稿已经被公开了。先行词为conversation，指事物，关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语，故选B项。
8.It’s strongly advised that smokers not be allowed to smoke in any room babies currently occupies.(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模，34)
A.where B.whose
C.that D.as
答案 C
解析 句意为：人们强烈建议吸烟者不能在任何有婴儿的房间里吸烟。先行词为room，定语从句中babies是主语，occupy是谓语动词，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that，故选C项。
9.Keeping a regular sleep schedule is important for setting a baby’s body clock， researchers note should be in place by about 4 months of age.(2017·南京三模，31)
A.whose B.which
C.when D.where
答案 B
解析 句意为：保持有规律的睡眠计划对于调整婴儿的生物钟很重要，研究人员指出，到孩子大约4个月大的时候应该调整到位。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用which引导，故选B项。
10.We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless，a world each and every corner is a true paradise.(2017·南京、盐城二模，29)
A.that B.which
C.of which D.from where
答案 C
解析 句意为：我们致力于创造一个远离无家可归和绝望的世界，一个每个角落都是真正的乐园的世界。先行词为world，代入定语从句后为every corner of the world is a true paradise，故选C项。
11.Newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children some worry is changing the very nature of childhood.(2018·苏锡常镇一调，24)
A.why B.which
C.who D.where
答案 B
解析 some worry为插入语可略去不看，which指物指代an increase in technology use among children这个现象，故选B。
12.The project is based on an agreement，one of purposes is to ensure that the project can be accomplished before the deadline.
A.whose B.which
C.its D.what
答案 A
解析 分析句子结构可知，后句表示“这项协议的目的之一在于……”，先行词是agreement，定语从句中缺少主语purposes的限定词，故A项正确。
13.Some biologists believe this is an ancient survival strategy， a diet with 30 percent fewer calories than usual increased life span.
A.for which B.to which
C.of which D.in which
答案 D
解析 句意为：一些生物学家认为这是一种古代的生存策略，即饮食比平时少摄入30%的能量能延长寿命。通过分析句子成分可以看出，先行词为survival strategy，从句部分缺少状语，再结合句意可知应用in which。
14.Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations appear in the working world.
A.where B.when
C.that D.what
答案 C
解析 句意为：已经找到工作的年轻人可能意识到大学课程对于工作世界中出现的所有情况不是唯一的准备。that充当关系代词，引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
15.We are creating a new vision for public health all of society work together to get healthier and live longer.(2017·南通一模，24)
A.which B.whom
C.where D.when
答案 C
解析 句意为：我们正在为公共健康创造全新的蓝图，整个社会一起努力使得人们变得更健康、更长寿。先行词是a new vision，从句缺少地点状语，用关系副词where作从句的地点状语，故选C项。
16.In my opinion，one’s individual income does not wholly reflect the extent one’s self-value and social value are realized.(2017·苏锡常镇四市二模，26)
A.of which B.with which
C.on which D.to which
答案 D
解析 句意为：我认为一个人的收入不能完全体现其自我价值和社会价值实现的程度。to the extent是固定搭配，意为“达到这种程度”。which引导定语从句，指代extent，并作介词to的宾语，故答案为D。
17.Teachers in primary schools influence the kids fall under should be role models.
(2017·苏北六市联考，27)
A.whose B.who
C.where D.which
答案 A
解析 句意为：小学老师们应该成为榜样，孩子们会受到他们的影响。根据句子结构可知，teachers是定语从句的先行词，孩子是受到老师的影响，即the kids fall under the teachers’ influence，应用whose引导定语从句，作influence的定语，故选A项。
18.We see Jesus in the children of unemployed parents， struggle to offer their children a secure and peaceful future.(2018·镇江一模，31)
A.whose B.whom
C.that D.who
答案 D
解析 句意为：我们在父母失业的孩子身上看到了耶稣，这些父母为了给孩子提供安全又和平的未来而作出极大的努力。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是unemployed parents，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导定语从句。故选D项。
19.The inner thoughts of the two young persons are revealed in the book， both of them fail to express.(2017·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，29)
A.where B.when
C.who D.which
答案 D
解析 句意为：这本书中揭露了这两个年轻人都未能表达的内心想法。分析句子成分可知，本题为非限制性定语从句。先行词为the inner thoughts，从句中express的后面缺少宾语，结合句意可知which符合题意。
20.Stress is everywhere and in fact it isn’t such a bad thing it is often supposed to be.
A.as B.that
C.what D.which
答案 A
解析 句意为：压力无处不在，而且事实上它并不像人们常常认为的那样是件坏事。根据句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词a bad thing，并在从句中作表语，且先行词前有such修饰，故此处应用as来引导该定语从句。
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