2020版新一线高考英语（人教版）一轮复习教学案：第1部分选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions

Unit 3　Inventors and inventions

 [单词　拼写应用]

核心单词

1．distinguishvi.& vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别

2．seize  vt.抓住；捉住；夺

3．file   n．文件；档案；文件夹 vt.提交；将……归档

4．dial  vt.拨(电话)

5．bear  vt.忍受；忍耐；负担

6．tap   vt.& vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n．轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头

7．stable  adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的

8．merry  adj.愉快的；高兴的

9．practical adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的

10．ripe  adj.成熟的；熟的

11．abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地

12．product n．产品

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．I dialed  (dial) 120 and waited there until she was taken to hospital.

2．He's too young to_distinguish(distinguish) right from wrong，and needs your guidance.

3．That girl tapped(tap) her fingers on the desk impatiently.

4．In my opinion，only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed.

5．The abrupt  (abruptly) change of the climate has drawn worldwide attention to the benefit of green energy.

6．Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical (practice)．I think it deserves to be discussed at the next meeting.

拓展单词

1．criterion  n．(评判的)标准；尺度→(pl.)  criteria

2．mercy n．宽恕；仁慈→merciful  adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→merciless  adj.残忍的；无情的

3．convenient  adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience  n．方便，便利；适宜→conveniently  adv.便利地，方便地

4．caution n．小心，谨慎→cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的→cautiously  adv.小心地，谨慎地

5．expect  v．预料；期待；期望；认为→expectation  n．预料；期待；期望

6．innocent  adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence  n．天真，清白

7．recognize  vt.认出，识别；承认→recognition  n．认出；认可；承认

8．freeze v．冰冻→freezing  adj.冰冻的；严寒的→frozen adj.冻结的

9．occasion  n．时机，机会；场合→occasional  adj.偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的→occasionally  adv.偶然地；不时地

10．associate  vt.联想；联系 n．同伴；伙伴→association  n．协会；联合；关联

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution．You should get on with him cautiously．(caution)

2．He expects that his parents give him lots of love instead of high expectations；otherwise he will be loaded with great pressure.(expect)

3．This is my occasional visit to the theme park，in which I occasionally meet the cartoon characters I like most.(occasion)

4．In western countries，the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck，but actually there isn't any association between them.(associate)

5．He is such a merciful man and always has mercy on those homeless animals but sometimes he can be merciless to those he doesn't like.(mercy)

6．It is freezing outside now，and more snow is falling on already frozen streets.(freeze)

阅读词汇

1．patent  n．专利证书；专利权

2．stainless  adj.无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的

3．passive  adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的

4．cube  n．立方体；立方

5．valid  adj.有效的；确凿的

6．rainfall  n．降雨

7．personnel  n．人力资源；人事部；全体人员

8．jam  n．堵塞；阻塞；果酱

9．version  n．版本；译本

10．competence n．能力；胜任；本领

11．courtyard  n．院子；庭院；天井

12．perfume n．香水；香味

拓展联想

1.后缀­ive形容词集锦

①active主动的

②passive  被动的

③positive  积极的

④negative  消极的

⑤subjective  主观的

⑥expensive  昂贵的

2.四个特殊的名词单复数

①标准criterion(单数)，criteria(复数)

②媒体medium(单数)，media(复数)

③细菌bacterium(单数)，bacteria(复数)

④资料；数据datum(单数)，data(复数)

3.“同伴”大会盟

①partner n．伙伴；同伴；同伙

②mate n．(工人间的)伙伴；同事

③fellow n．同伴

④company n．同伴；伴侣

⑤companion n．同伴；陪伴

⑥associate n．同事；伙伴

熟词生义

你知道下面句子中黑体词的汉语意思吗？

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. 携带

2．(2014·福建卷)I worried, remembering those split seconds decades ago when my mind would go blank and my fingers would freeze. 停住不动

3．(2010·江苏卷)I would like you to meet the fellow who is distinguished  for being the worst boy in this county. 著名的

 [短语　多维应用]

[句式　结构仿写]

精讲4个考纲单词

1．distinguish vi.& vt.辨别；显示……的差别；使……有所不同

(1)单句语法填空

①As far as we all know，Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.

②On the other hand，Shanghai Museum，a well­known and distinguished (distinguish) museum at home and abroad，is more professional in holding painting exhibitions.

(2)[链接写作]——句式升级

(普通表达)Because it is distinguished for its attractive scenery，Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.

(高级表达)Distinguished_for_its_attractive_scenery，Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.(分词作状语)

先理解再牢记

(1)distinguish between A and B　区分A和B

distinguish...from...把……与……区分开来

distinguish oneself (as...)  (作为……)而出名

(2)distinguished  adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的

be distinguished for...因……而出名

be distinguished as ...作为……而闻名

[名师点津]　 “因……而出名”的其他表达形式还有：be famous for；be well known for等。

2.convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的

(1)单句语法填空

①(2018·江苏卷)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e­mailing each other，for we will have developed more convenient (convenience) electronic communication tools by then.

②The house is very convenient for/to several schools.

(2)[链接写作]——句式升级

(普通表达)I'll call in two weeks to arrange a meeting when you are free.

(高级表达)I'll call in two weeks to arrange a meeting at_your_convenience．

先理解再牢记

(1)It is convenient (for sb.)to do sth.  做某事(对某人来说)是方便的

be convenient for/to...离……近

(2)convenience  n．方便，便利；适宜

at one's convenience   在某人方便的时候

[名师点津]　convenient的主语只能是it，而不可用sb.作主语。

3.bear vt.(bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；生育

(1)单句语法填空

①Bearing (bear) a heavy burden，she has to work hard to bring up her children.

②I cannot bear his speaking(speak) to me in that rude manner.

(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级

(普通表达)My mother often reminds me to remember that “failure is the mother of success”．

(高级表达)My mother often reminds me to bear_in_mind that “failure is the mother of success”．

先理解再牢记

(1)can't bear doing/to do sth.不能忍受做某事

can't bear sb./sb.'s doing sth.不能忍受某人做某事

(2)bear a heavy burden  肩负重担

bear responsibility/the blame  承担责任/受责备

bear/keep sth.in mind  记住……

4.associate vt.联想；联系

(1)单句语法填空

①Health is frequently thought to be associated with a balanced diet and plenty of exercise.

②We are working in association (associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.

(2)[链接写作]——一句多译

有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。

①There are many serious health problems which_are_associated_with _smoking．(定语从句)

②There are many serious health problems associated_with _smoking．(分词作定语)

先理解再牢记

(1)associate...with...把……和……联系在一起

be associated with...和……有关

associate with sb.与某人交往或打交道

(2)association  n．联合；联想；交往；协会；团体

in association with...与……合伙/合作

[佳句背诵]　I feel honored to have the chance to live，work and associate with them.

诠释2个核心短语

1．call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起

(1)单句语法填空

①I called up my mother to ask if she wanted to live with us in the city.

②The activity was aimed to call on/upon students to exercise for an hour every day.

③I'll call for you at 8 o'clock and we'll go there together.

④The game was called off because of the bad weather.

(2)[链接写作]——完成句子

关于友谊的这句谚语使我想起了去年我经历的一件难忘的事。

The saying concerning friendship calls_up_one_unforgettable_thing that I went through last year.

先理解再牢记

call at 拜访(某个地点)

call off  取消；停止

call on/upon  拜访(某人)；号召

call for  需求；需要；去接(某人)

call in  邀请；请来；叫……来帮忙

[联想发散]　与“打电话”有关的短语还有：

ring up打电话；ring/call back回电话；ring off挂断电话；give sb.a ring/call给某人打电话；hang/hold on别挂电话。

2.get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；渡过(难关)；用完；耗尽

(1)写出下列句中get through的含义

①I managed to get through the hard work and the pain was worth it in the end.设法做完

②I couldn't get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then.打通电话

③Luckily，he got through the exam and his efforts paid off.通过

④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用光

(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级

(普通表达)They are looking forward to my helping them and they hope to pass the exam successfully.

(高级表达)They are looking forward to my giving_a_hand_to them and they hope to get_through the exam successfully.

先理解再牢记

get across 被理解；使人了解

get away with  被放过；逃脱惩罚

get down to sth.着手认真做某事

get over  克服

get on    进展；进步

get in    收获

[佳句背诵]　According to Lee，it was Ben's carelessness that accounted for the accident.But Ben  got away with his wrong doing.

突破1个高考句型

(教材P25)Follow_it_up，explore_all_around_it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟随下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。

[要点提炼]　祈使句＋and＋陈述句(谓语动词用将来时态)。

(1)单句语法填空

①Give up smoking，or/otherwise you may die of lung cancer.

②A bit more effort，I think，and you will settle the problem.

(2)[链接写作]——一句多译

充分利用各种条件，我们就能取得成功。

①Make_the_most_of_all_kinds_of_conditions，and we will achieve success.(祈使句)

②If_you_make_the_most_of_all_kinds_of_conditions，we will achieve success.(if从句)

③Making_the_most_of_all_kinds_of_conditions，we will achieve success.(分词作状语)

先理解再牢记

(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句

(2)祈使句＋or (else)/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ...not ...，＋主句

(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句

[名师点津]　上述结构后面的陈述句多用一般将来时。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The thief dived into the woman's pocket，stole the wallet，and could be found nowhere.

2．The boy set out to_repair (repair) the telephone which was out of order.

3．Having made up his mind，he set about undertaking (undertake) the plan.

4．Tom was lost in reading the novel so he didn't hear his name called(call)．

5．The service offers young people practical(practice) advice on finding a job.

6．Those always associating(associate)money with happiness may never feel happy，for they are never content.

7．When the ice is heated above freezing(freeze)point，it begins to change into a liquid state.

8．Read this story，and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.

9．When you come to school，please visit my office at your convenience(convenient)．

10．(2018·东北三省四市联考)He took measures to make up his fault，which received our recognition (recognize)．

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．The speech mainly deals with the trouble that young children have distinguish between right and wrong.distinguish→_distinguishing

2．I'm not accustomed to associate with people like those young men.

associate→associating

3．We could hear a woman singing merry in the next room.

merry→merrily

4．There was a general expectation what all students would pass the exam.what→that

5．I think you should be caution about giving your address to strangers.caution→cautious

Ⅰ.课文语法填空

根据P20－21课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When the writer called up her mother in the countryside on the phone，she 1.learned(learn)that snakes came near their house and that the snakes seemed to have made their home near their house.2.Hearing(hear)this，the writer felt proud and considered it a chance for her to distinguish 3.herself(she)by inventing something merciful 4.that would catch snakes but not harm them.

She set about researching the habits of snakes in order to find the easiest way 5.to_trap(trap)them.She decided to cool them so that they could be 6.easily(easy)caught.However，her first two plans were not 7.successful(success)．She clearly realized that she needed to improve her design again.As a result，she had to attempt 8.a third time，which helped her fulfill her aim successfully.She was 9.so delighted that she was determined to send her 10.invention(invent)to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.

Ⅱ.写作改错双练

根据提示运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并改正学生习作。

1．David是一个谨慎而成功的商人，他的一项新产品获得了专利。(cautious；patent)

2．这项产品很畅销，但是后来他发现这款产品没有达到标准。(criteria)

3．他没有气馁，而是抓住一切机会改善产品。(improve)

4．他希望自己的产品能最终经受得住市场的考验。(expect)

5．在自己的努力下，他获得了巨大的成功，自己的收入稳定增长。(stable)

第一步：练写作

用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。

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第二步：练改错

下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。

David，who was an cautious and successful businessman，got a patent for his new product.Much to his delight，this product sold well，but late he found his product didn't live up to the criteria.However，he didn't lose  heart but seized every chance improve it.He expected that his product can bear the tests of the market.Eventual，it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.

【答案】　

David，who was  cautious and successful businessman，got a patent for his new product.Much to his delight，this product sold well，but  he found his product didn't live up to the criteria.However，he didn't lose  heart but seized every chance  improve it.He expected that his product  bear the tests of the market.，it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.