2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习重大版讲义：必修3Unit2AttitudetoLife

 Unit 2　Attitude to Life   一、单词—— 写 得 准用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.relative n．　亲戚adj. 相对的，相关联的2.burden vt. 装载；使负担3.magnificent adj. 雄壮的4.content adj. 满意的，满足的5.ache vi./n. 疼痛6.mostly adv. 主要地；多半地7.present vt.给；赠；提出adj.目前的；在场的n.礼物8.assume vt.认为；假定；设想→assumption n．假定；假设9.cheerful adj.快乐的；愉快的→cheer v．欢呼；喝彩；使高兴10.admirer n．仰慕者；羡慕者→admire v．钦佩；羡慕→admiration n．钦佩；羡慕→admiring adj.赞美的11.expect vt.期望；指望→expected adj.预期的；预料的→expectation n．期望→unexpected adj.意外的；想不到的→unexpectedly adv.意外地；未料到地12.desert vt.抛弃；遗弃→deserted adj. 抛弃的；放弃的13.victory n. 胜利；成功→victorious adj.获得胜利的；战胜的14.sorrowful adj.伤心的，悲伤的→sorrow n．悲伤15.sympathize vi.同情→sympathy n．同情；同情心1.Out of sympathy (sympathize) for the homeless children, he gave them shelter for the night.2.The men at the party were mostly (most) fairly young.3.The village, which had seemed deserted (desert), immediately came to life.4.The moment I saw the scientist admired by everyone, words failed to express my admiration.(admire)5.She was in sorrow.Her son’s being killed in the war made her so sorrowful that it took rather a long time before she recovered from it.(sorrow)6.Edward is not very cheerful,_so he needs someone to cheer him up.(cheer)7.As was expected,_ the latest movie didn’t come up to my expectations.(expect)8.It was first assumed that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a false assumption.(assume) ⇩1.“疼痛”名词小聚①ache　　　疼痛②toothache 牙疼③stomachache 胃疼④backache 背疼2．“认为”动词点滴①assume 认为；假设②consider 认为；考虑③suppose 认为；假设④think 认为；想3.一字母之差大不同①content满意的→context上下文②affect影响→effect影响；效果③adapt适应→adopt 收养④sweat汗水→sweet 甜的⑤monkey猴子→donkey驴⑥march前进→match比赛⑦expand扩张→expend花费⑧steal偷→steel钢4.­tory结尾单词集锦①victory n．胜利②factory n. 工厂③history n. 历史④satisfactory adj.令人满意的⑤dormitory n. 宿舍⑥laboratory n. 实验室二、短语——写 得 准用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)1.run_away　　跑掉2.turn_to_... 变成……；求助于3.share_in 分享4.be_filled_with_... 到处都是，充满……5.be_pleased_to 高兴，乐于(做某事)6.call upon sb.to do sth. 号召某人做某事7.remind_sb.of_... 让(某人)想起……8.dream_of 梦想着9.be_ashamed_to_do_sth./of_... 羞于做……；对……感到羞愧10.in_return 作为回报11.belong_to_... 属于……12.go_off 离开；消失；变质13.as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上14.contribute_to 有助于15.be_made_up_of 由……构成的1.I am willing to create a space only belonging_to both of us.2.She speaks English so well that her friends are_filled_with admiration.3.The milk has gone_off,_so you mustn’t drink it.4.The mobile medical team was_made_up_of ten doctors five years ago.5.It is a great honor for me to_share_in your accomplishment and pride today.6.He dreamt_of becoming a movie star when he was young.⇩1.“v.＋away”短语一览①run away跑掉②get away 脱身，逃离③fade away 逐渐消失；(使)褪色④go away 离开，外出(度假)2.无被动语态短语小结①belong to　　属于②come up 走近；被提到③suffer from 遭受痛苦④run out 用完⑤give out 用尽；精疲力竭3.聚焦“v.＋off”短语①go off　离开；消失；变质②set off 出发③pay off 还清(债务)④turn off 关上⑤keep off 离开，远离 三、句式——背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.In ancient times there lived in the northern grasslands of China a young farmer who loved riding horses.很久以前，在中国北方的大草原上住着一位年轻的爱骑马的农夫。there lived“某地住着……”，为there be句型的变式。 从前，有一位非常美丽的公主。Once upon a time, there_lived_a_princess who was very beautiful.2.The farmer’s mare was coming home, with a handsome Mongolian stallion running beside her.那匹走失的母马正往家跑，而且旁边还有一匹雄壮的蒙古骏马。with 复合结构作伴随状语。这么多孩子又说又笑，我不能静下心工作。With_so_many_children_talking_and_laughing,_I couldn’t settle down to my work.3.Hearing these words, the girl raised her head.听到这话，女孩抬起头来。现在分词作状语。有人带领我们参观了这所大学，然后我们被带到了许多科学家工作的大楼。Having_been_shown_around_the_university,_we then were taken to a building, where many scientists worked. 
  第一板块核心单词归纳集释1．content adj.满足的，满意的n.内容；目录；容量；满足；所容纳之物vt.使满足[高考佳句]　Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got.(2015·四川高考单选)安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。[一词多义]　写出下列句中content的含义①She is reluctant to discuss the content of the play.内容②There is a table of contents in front of a dictionary.目录③I am very content with my life at present.满意的④He wisely contented himself with his family and his love of nature.使满足⑤I emptied the contents of the fridge into carrier bags.所容纳之物(1)feel/be content with　　　　 对……满足/满意be content to do sth.  满足于做某事(2)content oneself with (doing) sth. 使自己满足于(做)某事⑥That rich man is tired of city life, so he is content to_live (live) in the country.那位富人厌倦了城市生活，所以他愿意生活在乡下。⑦Those who are content with their present situations will surely make no difference in life.那些满足于现状的人在生活中一定不会有大作为。2．present vt.给；赠；提出；引荐n.礼物adj.在场的，出席的；现在的；目前的[经典例句]　Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.由大师写的经典作品通过引人入胜的故事和语言呈现了伟大的思想。[一词多义]　写出下列句中present的词性及含义①The family presented the sword to the museum. v．赠②The present situation is taking a turn for the better.adj.现在的③Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf.adj.出席的④These notes will remind you how to present your ideas.v.提出⑤Will you join with me in buying a birthday present for them? n．礼物(1)present sb.with sth.＝ present sth.to sb. 把某物展示给/交给/颁发给/赠送给某人present sb.to sb.　　　　  把某人介绍/引荐给某人(2)at the present time ＝ at present 目前，现在(3)be present at  出席……⑥The company presented a watch to each retired worker.→The company presented each retired worker with a watch.公司赠送给每位退休工人一块手表。⑦At_present,_the world has about 6,800 languages.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)目前世界上有大约6 800种语言。[语境串记]　One expert present at the meeting presented me with a book on the present financial crisis as a present.出席会议的一位专家送给我一本关于当前金融危机的书作为礼物。3．burden vt.装载；使负担 n．(义务、责任等的)重担，负担[教材原句]　So her mind was in fact more burdened with success than with failure.所以她成功的包袱比失败的包袱更重。(1)burden sb./oneself with sth.　 加负担于某人/自己be burdened with sth.  负重(2)bear/carry/ease/reduce/share a burden 承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担a burden on/to sb.  加给某人的重担；某人的负担①In addition, they are burdened with great work pressure, and they have no free time or spare energy.此外，他们工作压力大，他们没有时间和精力。②His father, who is old and in bad condition, is becoming a_burden_to/on him.他年迈体弱的父亲，渐渐成了他的负担。4．assume vt.认为；假定；设想[高考佳句]　In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.(2016·江苏高考单选)在艺术评论中，你必须假定艺术家在作品中藏了一个秘密信息。(1)assume sb./sth.to be ... 假定/假设某人/某事为……It is assumed that ...  一般认为……assuming (that) ...  假设/假定……(2)assumption n.  假定；假设make an assumption  假定，假设①Assuming (assume) (that) you are right, we’ll make a great deal of money from the project.假定你是正确的，我们将会从这项工程中赚许多钱。②A lot of people make the assumption (assume) that poverty only exists in the third world.许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。③It_is_assumed_that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.一般认为全球变暖和气候改变在将来会引起更多的灾难。[联想发散]　在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上可直接用作介词或连词。这一类词有：①supposing conj.　　　　　　　假设；假如②assuming conj. 假设，假定③provided/providing conj. 假设；如果④given prep. 鉴于；考虑到⑤considering prep./conj. 鉴于；考虑到⑥concerning prep. 关于⑦including prep. 包括；包含Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子)1．It was a happy day when our football team was victorious(victory)．2．When the cloth was measured, it was found to be half an inch longer than expected (expect)．3．The mayor presented him with a gold medal at an official city reception.4．Lucy was admired_for her beauty; she was used to receiving admiring glance from others.That is, she usually received much admiration.(admire)5．The market has shown annual growth (grow) of 20 per cent for several years.6．As she straightened up, the ache in her back grew worse.7．As the TV was broken, he had to content_himself_with (使自己满足于) listening to the radio.8．You can’t change the facts relative_to (与……相关的) this issue, so you’d better accept them.Ⅱ.重难点多练1．burden万花筒(1)单句语法填空①I don’t want to be a burden on/to my children when I’m old.②Why do you burden yourself with your sister’s dog? (2)句式升级③He was burdened with endless paperwork, so he didn’t have time to assist you.Burdened_with_endless_paperwork,_he_didn’t_have_time_to_assist_you. (用过去分词短语作状语)2．assume全扫描(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Our teacher assumes him to_be (be) the cleverest boy in this class.②We can all leave together — assuming (assume) that the others aren’t late.③The theory is based on a series of assumption (assume)．④It is_assumed (assume) that he will succeed in the end.(2)句型转换⑤As far as I know, a great many people assume him to be right.→As far as I know, a great many people assume_that_he_is_right.(assume＋宾语从句)→As far as I know, a great many people make_the_assumption_that he is right.(assumption＋同位语从句)Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练根据语境选出mend的词性和词义(A)vt.修补，修理　　　　　 (B)vi.康复，痊愈(C)vt.解决(问题)  (D)n.(病后)正在好转1．He’s had flu, but he is on the mend.__D__2．His leg wasn’t mending as quickly as he’d expected.__B__3．When are you going to mend that light in the hall？__A__4．I’ve tried to mend matters between us, but she’s still very angry.__C__第二板块短语句型归纳集释1．in return作为回报[高考佳句]　You mentioned that you would like to teach me English in return, which is exactly what I am dying for.(2015·四川高考满分作文)你提到作为回报你想教我英语，这正是我所渴望的。in return for ... 　　 作为……的交换；作为……的报答in turn  轮流；依次；反过来by turns  轮流；交换①He wanted to do something in_return_for the kindness that she offered him.他想做点什么事来酬谢她的好意。②In winter people burn a lot of coal to warm themselves, and this in_turn causes pollution and global warming.在冬天人们烧煤取暖，这反过来又造成了污染和全球变暖。[联想发散]　试根据汉语提示写出下列“in＋n.”结构的短语：①in case　　　　　　 以防万一②in advance  事先；提前③in danger  处于危险中④in order  井井有条⑤in place  在正确位置⑥in reality/fact  事实上⑦in short/brief  总而言之⑧in particular  特别2．belong to属于……；为……的一员[经典例句]　As a science student, I have been reviewing Chinese, math, English, physics, chemistry and biology, which all belong to the College Entrance Examination subjects.作为一名理科生，我复习语文、数学、英语、物理、化学和生物，这些都属于高考科目。(1)belong to表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态，作后置定语时，常用现在分词(2)belongings n．　　　　 财产；所有物；相关事物①A tiger is a large fierce animal belonging (belong) to the cat family.→A tiger is a large fierce animal which/that_belongs_to the cat family.老虎是一种大而凶猛的动物，属于猫科。②Whoever took away my belongings (belong), I would be angry.　无论谁拿了我的东西，我都会生气的。3．In ancient times there_lived in the northern grasslands of China a young farmer who loved riding horses.很久以前，在中国北方的大草原上住着一位年轻的爱骑马的农夫。There lived/lives/live ...“某地住着……”，属于there be句型的一种变式，常用于故事的开头。①Once upon a time there_lived three bears in the forest. 从前，在森林里住着三只熊。there be句型的变式：(1)there be句型与各种情态动词如may, might, must, ought to 等连用。②There ought_to_be something with which to fill your stocking.应该有些东西可以装满你的袜子。(2)there be句型中的谓语动词be被be likely to be, happen to be, seem (to be), occur等代替，用来描写事物。③There have_occurred (occur) many great changes since we met last time.自从我们上次见面已经出现了很多变化。(3)there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替如 live, stand, exist, remain等，用来表示“静止、存在、有”。④There stands (stand) at the center of the square the Monument to the People’s Heroes.在广场的中央矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。(4)there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 come, appear, arrive, enter, follow等，用来表示“突然出现”。⑤There_appears to be nothing more interesting in this novel.在这部小说里看来没有更有趣的东西了。Ⅰ.基础点全练1．单句语法填空①Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded (remind) of his own dreams.②Filled (fill) with shame, the boy lowered his head, ready for the punishment from his dad.③There is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging (belong) to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors.④He had reason to be pleased (please) with himself, since he was one of only seven out of forty candidates who were successful.⑤Do you have some ways to contribute to reducing (reduce) air pollution?⑥With so many people to_help/helping (help) us, we are sure to finish it in time.⑦There seemed to_be (be)  a deer running in the woods.⑧Walking (walk) slowly across the grass, he pointed the gun at the lion and fired.2．运用所学短语完成片段We ①are_pleased_to (高兴) protect cultural relics ②belonging_to (属于) human beings rather than individuals.However, some people ③dream_of (梦想) searching for them and want to take possession of them illegally and ④run_away (跑掉)．If such a case happens, police take responsibility to look into it.⑤In_return_for (作为对……的回报) their hard work, they should be highly praised.And their work ⑥contributes_to (有助于) the protection of the cultural relics.Ⅱ.重难点多练in return多角度(1)介、副词填空①I presented John with a picture, and he gave me his photograph in return.②I gave him my favorite book in return for his timely help.(2)补全句子③我总是认为好好学习是我所能做的具有回报性的唯一事情。I am always thinking that studying well is the_only_thing_I_can_do_in_return.④作为对他帮助的回报，经理送给他一套公寓。In_return_for_his_help,_the manager gave him a flat.    [单元语基落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．I love you, Victor, and I dream of_the day when I shall be your wife.2．He has given me so much help that I really want to do something for him in return.3．It was a good feeling for people to_admire (admire) the Milan World Expo that gave them pleasure.4．Not content with his present job, he has been busy hunting for a new one.5．I agree with Susan, whose article reminds me of my best gift, a pen, given by my father, who was a worker.6．In my opinion, you’d better put the book where/to_which it belongs.7．Not knowing how to present her boss to our manager, the woman pretended not to see our manager.8．—My parents died when I was very young, and I started to make a living by selling newspapers at the age of ten.—I really have much sympathy for you.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Our school football team is made of 16 members.made后加up2．The naughty boy is really burden to the mother.burden前加a3．I paid a visit to him yesterday in return his help.return后加for4．We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon — assumed that other students agree.assumed→assuming/assume5．The pencil­box on the desk as well as the bookmarks belong to my little sister.belong→belongsⅢ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文Have you ever F1dreamed_of_becoming (梦想成为) a businessman to make lots of money? If your dream came true, would you like to donate your money to those who are out of work? Charlie was such a person.His father died when he was young.①Many people helped him, and he succeeded in his business.After years of hard work, he had approximately D|S2 billion, which made him happy.However, the other day he F2was_pleased_to (乐于) drop out of the rich.②When he was aware that he was always concerned about his fortune, he was ashamed of his greed.F3Besides (Therefore/However/Besides), he thought that freedom and happiness were of great importance and in fact nothing could replace them.He F4called_on_more_people_to_help (号召更多的人帮助) those in need.(二)按要求将词汇句式升级1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分(1)happy→content(2)in fact→as_a_matter_of_fact2．按要求改写句式(1)用with 复合结构改写句①With_many_people_helping_him,_he_succeeded_in_his_business.(2)用现在分词作状语改写句②Being_aware_that_he_was_always_concerned_about_his_fortune,_he_was_ashamed_of_his_greed.