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2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习人教浙江专版讲义：选修6Unit3Ahealthylife
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Unit 3 A healthy life
一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇
Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)
[第一屏听写]
1．withdrawal n． 收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
2．lung n. 肺
3．pregnant adj. 怀孕的
4．abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的
5．packet n. 小包；小盒
[第二屏听写]
6．appendix n． 附录；附件
7．pill n. 药丸；药片
8．AIDS 艾滋病(获得性免疫缺损综合征)
9．nicotine n. 尼古丁
10．immune adj. 有免疫力的
11．needle n. 针；(注射器的)针头
[第三屏听写]
12．abortion n． 流产；中途失败
13．cigar n. 雪茄烟
14．spill vi. 溢出；洒落
vt. 使溢出；使洒落
15．obesity n. (过度)肥胖；肥胖症
16．comprehension n. 理解(力)
Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)
[第四屏听写]
1．cigaretten． 香烟；纸烟
2．alcoholn. 酒；酒精
3．alcoholicadj. 酒精的
4．abusen．&vt. 滥用；虐待
5．fitnessn. 健康
6．stressn. 压力；重音
vt. 加压力于；使紧张
[第五屏听写]
7．stressfuladj. 产生压力的；紧张的
8．adolescentn. 青少年
adj. 青春期的
9．adolescencen. 青春期
10．banvt. 禁止；取缔
n. 禁令；谴责
11．dueadj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
[第六屏听写]
12．toughadj. 困难的；强硬的
13．addictedadj. 入了迷的；上了瘾的
14．accustomvt. 使习惯于
15．accustomedadj. 惯常的；习惯了的
16．automaticadj. 无意识的；自动的
17．automaticallyadv. 无意识地；自动地
[第七屏听写]
18．mentaladj. 精神的；智力的
19．mentallyadv. 精神上；智力上
20．quitvt. 停止(做某事)；离开
21．effectn. 结果；效力
22．badtemperedadj. 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
23．breathlessadj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的
24．unfitadj. 不健康的；不合适的；不合格的
25．strengthenvt. 加强；巩固；使坚强
vi. 变强
[第八屏听写]
26．relaxationn． 放松；松弛
27．desperateadj. 绝望的；拼命的
28．chemistn. 药剂师；化学家
29．disappointedadj. 失望的；沮丧的
30．weakenvi. (对某事的决心)动摇；减弱
vt. (使)变弱
31．ashamedadj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的
[第九屏听写]
32．illegaladj. 不合法的；违法的
33．robberyn. 抢劫；盗窃
34．slipperyadj. 滑的
35．survivaln. 幸存
36．sexn. 性；性别
37．maleadj. 男性的；雄性的
n. 男人；雄性动(植)物
[第十屏听写]
38．femaleadj. 女性的；雌性的
n. 雌性的动(植)物；女人
39．prejudicen. 偏见；成见
40．judgementn. 看法；判决；判断
41．embarrassedadj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的
42．awkwardadj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
43．decide_on 对……作出决定
44．feel_like_(doing) 想要(做)……
[第十一屏听写]
45．in_spite_of 不顾；不管
46．take_risks_(a_risk) 冒险
47．get_into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
48．at_risk 处境危险；遭受危险
49．due_to 由于……
50．addicted_to 对……有瘾
51．accustomed_to 习惯于……
二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾
(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高
识
记
单
词
写
对
Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)
1.lung n． 肺
2.pregnant adj. 怀孕的
3.abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的
4.comprehension n. 理解(力)
5.appendix n. 附录；附件
6.pill n. 药丸；药片
7.immune adj. 有免疫力的
8.packet n. 小包；小盒
9.needle n. 针；(注射器的)针头
10.abortion n. 流产；中途失败
11.spill vi.&vt. 溢出；洒落；使溢出；使洒落
12.obesity n． (过度)肥胖；肥胖症
13.withdrawal n. 收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)
1.cigaretten. 香烟；纸烟
2.effectn. 结果；效力
3.judgementn. 看法；判决；判断
4.embarrassedadj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的
5.maleadj. 男性的；雄性的
n. 男人；雄性动(植)物
6.femaleadj. 女性的；雌性的
n. 雌性的动(植)物；女人
7.prejudicen. 偏见；成见
8.badtemperedadj. 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
核
心
单
词
练
通
1.Having abused (滥用) his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends, Williams is now under investigation.
2.In the questionnaire, the subjects are questioned whether they advocate banning (禁止) cars in the city center.
3.The paper is due (到期的) next month, and I am working seven days a week, often long into the night.
4.The young man is going to quit (放弃) his job next month because of his low salary.
5.With the debt problem worsening, it is going to be a tough (艰难的) test for EU to help Greece out of trouble.
6.The woman tried desperately (拼命地)to push the man away when he tried to snatch the bag from her.
7.The shy girl felt awkward (局促不安的) and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teacher’s questions.
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1.stress n．压力；重音；vt.加压力于；使紧张→stressfuladj.产生压力的；紧张的→stressedadj.焦虑不安的
2.addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addictiveadj.使人上瘾的→addictionn．上瘾；沉溺；嗜好→addictvt.使上瘾 n．有瘾的人
3.breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的→breathn．呼吸→breathev．呼吸
4.accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomedadj.惯常的；习惯了的
5.automatic adj.无意识的；自动的→automaticallyadv.无意识地；自动地
6.mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentallyadv.精神上；智力上
7.unfit adj.不健康的；不合适的；不合格的→fitadj.健康的；合适的→fitnessn．健康
8.strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强→strengthn．力气；力量；强项→strongadj.强壮的；结实的
9.chemist n．药剂师；化学家→chemicaladj.化学的 n．化学制品→chemistryn．化学
10.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointingadj.令人失望的→disappointvt.使失望；使扫兴→disappointmentn．失望；沮丧
11.ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的→shamen．羞耻；羞愧→shamefuladj.可耻的；不道德的→shamelessadj.无耻的；厚颜的
12.relaxation n．放松；松弛→relaxv．使放松→relaxedadj.轻松的→relaxingadj.令人放松的
13.weaken vi.(对某事的决心)动摇；减弱 vt.(使)变弱→weakadj.虚弱的→weaknessn．弱点
14.robbery n．抢劫；盗窃→robv．抢劫；抢夺→robbern．抢劫犯
15.illegal adj.不合法的；违法的→legaladj.合法的
16.survival n．幸存→survivev．幸存→survivorn．幸存者
[用准用活]
1.After a stressful week of work, all the employees were extremely stressed and tired. They complained that few could work efficiently under stress.(stress)
2.The addictive cigarette can addict people, so once you are addicted to smoking cigarettes, it’s extremely difficult to fight your addiction. (addict)
3.In order to accustom myself to the wet weather, I try eating more peppers and later I get accustomed to the wet weather. (accustom)
4.Yesterday, I climbed the mountain top to breathe the fresh air. Although I became breathless when I was on the top, the breath of fresh air was worth it. (breath)
5.If we strengthen our physical exercise, we will get stronger and are full of strength all day long. (strong)
6.To my parents’disappointment,_my disappointing math grade greatly disappointed my parents, and their disappointed look urged me to study harder then. (disappoint)
7.You should be ashamed of your shameful behaviors or you will be a shameless man.(shame)
8.After hearing some relaxing music, she felt quite relaxed,_and there was a relaxed expression on her face.(relax)
9.If you have a weak body, you have to do more exercise and never weaken before your weakness is exposed to others. (weak)
10.She survived the earthquake and her survival is a wonder, for she was the only survivor of the disaster. (survive)
⇩
1.否定前缀un高频形容词一览
①unfit 不合适的 ②unfair 不公平的
③unusual 不寻常的 ④unfriendly 不友好的
⑤unfortunate 不幸的 ⑥uncomfortable 不舒服的
⑦unimportant 不重要的 ⑧uncertain 不确定的
2.en后缀高频动词集锦
①strengthen加强 ②shorten 缩短
③deepen 加深 ④widen 加宽
⑤broaden 加宽 ⑥lighten 减轻
⑦threaten 恐吓 ⑧frighten 使惊吓
(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高
先 写 对
再 用 准
第
一
组
1.get_into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
2.throw_away 扔掉
3.in_spite_of 不顾；不管
4.at_risk 处境危险；遭受危险
5.decide_on 对……作出决定
Xiao Ming is a senior high student. He ①got_into smoking two years ago ②in_spite_of his friends’ objection. If he doesn’t ③decide_on whether he will ④throw_away his cigarettes, he will be ⑤at_risk being dismissed by school. He begins to worry about that.
第
二
组
1.due_to 由于……
2.be/become_addicted_to 对……有瘾
3.be/get_accustomed_to 习惯于……
4.feel_like_(doing) 想要(做)……
5.take_risks_(a_risk) 冒险
Fortunately, his English teacher found that he really ①felt_like quitting smoking. With his teacher’s help, he gradually ②became less addicted_to nicotine. After three months’ struggle, Xiao Ming finally ③was/got_accustomed_to the new life without cigarettes.
⇩
1.“因为；由于……”荟萃
①due to 由于；因为
②because of 由于；因为
③owing to 由于；因为
④thanks to 多亏；由于
⑤on account of 由于
⑥as a result of 由于……的结果
2.get into相关短语面面观
①get into debt 负债累累
②get into trouble 陷入困境
③get into shape 使身体好起来
④get into a panic 陷入恐慌
⑤get into a habit 养成习惯
⑥get into drugs 染上毒品
3.“at＋名词”构成的短语串烧
①at risk 处境危险
②at length 最后
③at cost 按成本
④at present 目前；现在
⑤at ease 安逸；自在；无拘无束
⑥at sea 在海上；茫然；不知所措
(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高
背 原 句
明 句 式
学 仿 写
1.As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会自动地做它。
as引导非限制性定语从句。
正如我们知道的，长江是亚洲最长河流，拥有许多景点。(2017·北京高考满分作文)
As_we_know,_the Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and has so many attractions.
2.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。
(1)“do＋动词原形”表示强调结构。
(2)“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...”结构。
①我的确希望你能和我一起参观这个剪纸展览。(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
I do_hope_that you can visit the papercutting exhibition with me.
②事实上，戒掉一个坏习惯付出的努力与养成一个好习惯是一样的。
As a matter of fact, getting rid of a bad habit is as_much_an_effort_as forming a good one.
3.It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
It is ...that ...为强调句型。
正是我的信心和决定使我取得了成功。
It_was_my_confidence_and_determination_that led to my success.
考点新组合
阅读微技能
Smokers’ life
As we all know, any person who❶gets into the bad habit of smoking will get addicted to nicotine. They believe that smoking is enjoying life instead ________❷taking risks. In my opinion, the reason ______❸ the smokers don’t quit smoking is that they just want to relieve their heavy stress. For most smokers, they do be clear of the harmful effect of smoking, and they do be trying to make some change.
1.①处who引导定语从句。
2.②处应填入介词 of。
3.③处应填入的词是__B__。
A.that B．why
C.what D．because
1．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
(1)be/get addicted to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事
(2)addict oneself to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事
(3)addiction n. 上瘾；沉溺；嗜好
addiction to ……瘾
(4)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①Learning that you are addicted to table tennis, I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
②Addicted to playing (play) the computer games, he didn't notice a thief walk into his house.
③I discovered an addiction (addict) to housework which I had never felt before.
句型转换
④Many kids are addicted to playing with smartphones, so they have no energy to study.
→Addicting_themselves_to_playing_with_smartphones,_many kids have no energy to study.
[名师指津] addiction与addition十分相似，注意其拼写的不同， addiction比addition多一个字母c。
2．stress n．重压；逼迫；压力；重音；强调重要性vt.加压力于；使紧张；重读
(1)under stress 在压力之下
lay/put stress on sth. 强调某事物
(2)stressful adj. 有压力的(指物)
(3)stressed adj. 有压力的(指人)
[题点全练] 单句语法填空
①When under stress, even a most gentle person can be badtempered and get angry easily.
②Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed (stress) in their studies.
③Nowadays, more and more people are living under stressful (stress) conditions.
④He laid particular stress on the need for discipline.
3．effect n．结果；效力；影响
(1)side effect 副作用
come into/take effect 生效；见效
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
bring/carry/put ... into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①Reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on/upon the children.
②It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare no effort to do it.
③One of the most effective (effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
补全句子
④The agreement signed between the two companies last week will_come_into_effect_soon.
两家公司在上周签订的这份协议将很快生效。
⑤A much lower dose of the painkiller can still produce side_effect.
这种止痛药服用很小的剂量依然能产生副作用。
4．get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)
[归纳拓展]
❶get across (使)通过；(使)被理解；(把……)讲清楚
❷get away 逃脱；离开
❸get over 爬过；越过；克服困难；痊愈
❹get through 熬过(困难时期)；通过；接通电话
❺get along with 进展；相处
❻get down to 开始做某事
[应用领悟]
①I have got into the habit of playing basketball since it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
我已经养成了打篮球的习惯，因为它一直给我力量来面对生活中的挑战。
②A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，并在陌生人的世界中找到朋友。
③Looking back on my past few years, friends gave me so much help that I could get over difficulties which I had to face with.
回顾过去的几年，朋友给了我那么多的帮助，我才能克服我不得不面对的困难。
5．take risks (a risk)冒险
(1)at risk 有风险；处境危险
at the risk of ... 冒着……的危险
run the risk (of doing sth.) 冒险(做某事)
(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①The young man jumped into the icy river to save the old man even at the risk of his own life.
②The national parks are very important for the protection of these wild animals, which would otherwise run the risk of becoming extinct.
③He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk losing (lose) the good opportunity.
补全句子
④The doctor said that everyone was at_risk for AIDS.
医生说每个人都有得艾滋病的风险。
⑤We do not expect untrained people to take_risks/a_risk.
我们不希望未经训练的人去冒险。
6．“do动词原形”的强调结构
I do_hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。
“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下两个条件：
(1)句子是肯定句；
(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
①The baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does_catch_a_cold.
那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。
②—I’m sorry. I shouldn’t have been rude to you.
—You did_lose_your_temper but that’s all right.
——很抱歉，我不该对你粗鲁的。
——你确实发脾气了，但没关系。
考点新组合
阅读微技能
Smokers’ life
Sometimes, the smokers also feel ashamed❶ of their bad behaviors. Although they desire to live as healthy a life as the nonsmokers, they may not have courage to give ________❷ smoking. Maybe it’s all due to the fact that they are accustomed to their life for a long time. Could you do them a good favour?
1.①处前的动词feel是系动词，ashamed作它的表语，二者一起在句中作谓语。
2.②处应填 up。
3.What’s the main idea of this paragraph？
The_smokers_need_some_advice_to_quit_smoking.
7．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
(1)be/feel ashamed of/for ... 对/为……感到惭愧/羞耻
be/feel ashamed for sb. 替/为某人感到惭愧/羞耻
be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事
(2)shame n. 惭愧；羞耻；羞愧
it’s a shame/pity＝what a shame/pity
真可惜
It’s a shame that ... 真遗憾……
(3)shameful adj. 可耻的；不道德的
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①The parents felt ashamed for their son when he was dismissed by the boss.
②It is shameful (shame) to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
补全句子
③Having read about the above common complaint from so many mothers, I felt_ashamed_and_guilty.
读了上面来自那么多母亲们的抱怨，我感到惭愧与内疚。
④It’s a shame/pity that a good student should_do_something_like_that.
真遗憾一个好学生竟然会做出那样的事。
一句多译
在课堂上，学生们不应该羞于向老师发问。
⑤In class, students should not be_ashamed_of/for_asking_the_teacher_questions.
⑥In class, students should not be_ashamed_to_ask_the_teacher_questions.
[名师指津] 在It’s a shame/pity that ...句型中，从句的谓语动词常用“(should ＋)动词原形”形式，构成一种虚拟语气。
8．due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的；应付的；应有的
[一词多义] 写出下列句中due的含义
①The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.欠款的
②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week.预定的
③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.到期的
④When it comes to giving due respect to the old people, she feels a bit uneasy.应有的
[归纳拓展]
due to 由于；因为；归因于
be due to do sth. 预定做某事
⑤Mistakes due_to_carelessness may have serious consequences.由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。
9．accustomed adj.经常的；惯常的；习惯了的
(1)be/get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
＝be/get/become used to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事
(2)accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.
使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
[多角练透]
同义替换
①He quickly got used (＝accustomed) to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college.
他很快适应了大学里的浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。
单句语法填空
②Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.
③Accustoming himself to living (live) in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city.
10．“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...”结构
I do hope so because I want you to live as_long_and_healthy_a_life_as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。
(1)．..as much＋不可数名词＋as ... 像……一样多的……
(2)．..as many＋复数名词＋as ... 像……一样多的
(3)．..as＋adj./adv.＋as ＋sb./sth. 像……一样……
①Our neighbour’s garden is as big as ours.
＝Our neighbour has_a_garden_as_big_as_ours.
＝Our neighbour has_as_big_a_garden_as_ours.
我们的邻居有一个和我们一样大的花园。
②You’ve made as_many_mistakes_as I have.
你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。
③In many sports physical fitness is not as/so_important_as technique.
在许多体育运动中，体能没有技巧重要。
④I can carry as_much_paper_as you can.
我能搬得动和你一样多的纸。
[名师指津] 否定句中“as ...as ...”结构中第一个as也可换成so。
[单元语基落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Being_addicted (addict) to computer games can be harmful to you in many ways.
2．A regular and busy life is wonderful, although it’s hard and stressful (stress)．
3．It’s reported that passengers are banned from eating and drinking on subway trains.
4．Professor Smith is due to_give (give) us a lecture at eight tomorrow morning.
5．After living there for one year, they have been accustomed to working (work) there.
6．I was once ashamed to_admit (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
7．Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective (effect) ways to improve our English.
8．People think the earth doesn’t move at all, but in fact, it does (do) move.
9．Doing some exercise earlier in the day should make you feel physically as well as mentally (mental) tired.
10．Just quit complaining (complain). What matters now is how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation.
Ⅱ.选词填空
decide on， get into， be addicted to， be accustomed to， feel like， in spite of， at risk， due to
1．If you take the risk of drunk driving, you are at_risk.
2．In_spite_of the fact that he was not a trained economist, his achievements were remarkable.
3．I am_accustomed_to getting up early and taking an hour’s walk before breakfast.
4．Tom feels_like being a cook because he thinks cooking delicious food for others is interesting and happy.
5．Generally speaking, boys are_addicted_to playing computer games while girls prefer chatting online.
6．Due_to the fast rhythm of modern life, more and more people are living under great stress.
7．—How do you find Qingdao, Mary?
—It’s a beautiful seaside city. I have decided_on it for my next holiday.
8．Mr. Bean constantly gets_into awkward and absurd situations, which greatly amuses audiences regardless of their nationalities and culture.
Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子
1．对不起，我的确忘了告诉你会议的时间了。稍后我将把相关信息告诉你。(谓语强调结构)
Sorry！I did_forget_to_tell you about the time of the meeting. I’ll tell you the information mentioned later.
2．我觉得理解特别英语节目并不难。 (动词＋ it＋adj.＋to do)
I don’t feel_it_difficult_to_understand the Special English.
3．这个小伙子希望和他爷爷一样过俭朴的生活。(as＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋as)
The young man hopes to live as_simple_a_life_as his grandpa.
4．正如你们许多年龄足够大的人记得的那样，披头士乐队来自Liverpool。(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
The Beatles, as_many_of_you_are_old_enough_to_remember,_came from Liverpool.
5．他的成功不是因为他聪明，而是因为他勤奋。(强调句型)
It_is_not_because_he_is_smart_but_because_he_is_diligent_that_makes_him_a_success.
Ⅳ.句型转换
1．Most of them turned up on time; only Tom arrived late because of the storm.
→Most of them turned up on time; only Tom arrived late due_to the storm.
2．Giving up smoking is difficult.
→It_is_difficult_to_give_up smoking.
3．I don’t know that my cigarette smoke can affect the health of nonsmokers.
→I don’t know that my cigarette smoke has_an_effect_on the health of nonsmokers.
4．Every time you want to give up, remind yourself that you are a brave man.
→Every time you feel_like_giving_up,_remind yourself that you are a brave man.
5．Having lived in the south for many years, the little girl is not used to living in the north.
→Having lived in the south for many years, the little girl is not accustomed_to living in the north.
[高考拆组训练]
练(一) 语言运用组块专练——练准度
(限时：25分钟)
Ⅰ.完形填空
Cameron Lyle has never expected to save the life of a person he didn't know. He was a shotput star at the highest point of his athletic career when he had to make a great __1__.
A man with blood cancer was __2__ for healthy bone marrow (骨髓) and Cameron was the only __3__among all the possible donors. The only __4__： if Cameron decided to donate, it meant he would miss some very important sports meetings.
__5__ with cutting his career short, Cameron focused only on the __6__ to save the man's life.
“I was surprised that I was pretty __7__. I said ‘yes’ right away，” said Cameron, 21.“If I had said __8__， he wouldn't have had a match.”
Actually, Cameron had completely __9__ the “Be The Match Registry” that came to his university two years ago. But two months ago, he got a call. Cameron was __10__ he was a possible match for a young man with blood cancer, which would get worse quickly if not __11__.
Cameron received blood tests, which __12__he was a definite match.__13__he agreed to donate, more tests were followed to __14__he didn't have any problem.__15__， everything went well, and last week Cameron headed to Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston to __16__ his bone marrow with a stranger.
Most people can return to their full activities within days after the donation.__17__ Cameron was told not to lift over 20 pounds for about a month. So this meant he __18__ to miss some athletic events where he wanted to __19__ after eight years of shotput training.
“But it's OK，” he said.“It was worth it I would __20__ it again.”
语篇解读：一个处于事业巅峰期的铅球运动员，意外地与一个血癌病人的骨髓匹配成功。他毫不犹豫地为血癌病人捐献了自己的骨髓。虽然因此错过了一些重大赛事，但他觉得值得捐！
1．A.schedule B．conclusion
C．decision D．effort
解析：选C 下文中提到莱尔与一个血癌病人的骨髓匹配成功。由此可知，处于事业巅峰期的他不得不做一个重大决定。make a conclusion意为“得出结论”；make an effort意为“作出努力”。
2．A.suitable B．desperate
C．ready D．grateful
解析：选B 一个人患了血癌，他非常需要得到健康的骨髓。be desperate for意为“非常需要，极其需要”。
3．A.match B．partner
C．suit D．fit
解析：选A 莱尔是所有可能的捐赠者中唯一的匹配者。第8个空后的“he wouldn't have had a match”有提示。
4．A.solution B．situation
C．assumption D．problem
解析：选D 根据下文中的“it meant he would miss some very important sports meetings”可知，莱尔面临的唯一问题是捐献骨髓会使他错过一些非常重要的赛事。
5．A.Faced B．Concerned
C．Delighted D．Disappointed
解析：选A 下文中提到莱尔决定捐献骨髓，这意味着他将面临事业上的短暂停顿。be faced with意为“面对”；be concerned with 意为“与……有关”。
6．A.ability B．motivation
C．way D．chance
解析：选D 根据上文“cutting his career short”可知，莱尔暂停了事业，把精力都集中在有可能挽救血癌病人的生命上。
7．A.happy B．moved
C．upset D．lucky
解析：选A 根据空后的“I said ‘yes' right away”可推知，莱尔为能够帮助别人感到非常高兴。
8．A.yes B．hello
C．no D．bye
解析：选C 如果莱尔说不，这个血癌病人很可能找不到成功的骨髓配型。
9．A.organised B．forgotten
C．avoided D．refused
解析：选B 联系下文中的“But two months ago, he got a call.”可知，事实上莱尔已经完全忘了匹配登记这件事。
10．A.told B．warned
C．reminded D．proved
解析：选A 结合上文中的“he got a call”可知，他被告知他可能与一个血癌病人配型成功。
11．A.improved B．prevented
C．recovered D．treated
解析：选D 根据上文中的“which would get worse quickly”可知，如果不治疗，病情就会快速恶化。
12．A.doubted B．expected
C．confirmed D．predicted
解析：选C 莱尔接受了血液检验，确认了他与病人配型成功。
13．A.While B．Once
C．Before D．Unless
解析：选B 分析句子的逻辑关系可知，一旦他同意捐献骨髓，之后就会有更多的检查。
14．A.ensure B．ignore
C．protect D．fear
解析：选A 莱尔需要做更多检查以确保他的身体没有任何问题。
15．A.Quickly B．Gradually
C．Suddenly D．Finally
解析：选D 根据空后的“everything went well”可知，最终，一切进展顺利，莱尔去医院捐献了骨髓。
16．A.exchange B．share
C．associate D．combine
解析：选B 根据语境可知，莱尔给血癌病人捐献骨髓，他与一个陌生人分享了骨髓。
17．A.So B．Then
C．But D．And
解析：选C 分析句子的逻辑关系可知，大多数人在捐献骨髓后的几天就可以完全恢复正常，但莱尔却被告知大约一个月内不能举20磅以上的东西。此处前后句之间表示转折关系。
18．A.used B．agreed
C．hesitated D．had
解析：选D 根据上文中的“Cameron was told not to lift over 20 pounds for about a month”可推断，他不得不错过很多赛事。
19．A.grow B．shine
C．cheer D．struggle
解析：选B 在经过八年的铅球训练后，莱尔一定想参加比赛，使自己表现出众。
20．A.make B．admit
C．accept D．do
解析：选D 莱尔认为自己所做的事很值得，因此他还会再做(同样的事情)。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A company in the USA is paying its workers to sleep more. Staff at the insurance company Aetna will get $300 a year __1__ (add) to their salary if they get at least seven hours of sleep a night. They will get just over a dollar for each night they sleep over seven hours. The idea behind this plan is employee __2__ (perform). Human resources __3__ (official) say workers will work more effectively if they have slept well. A workforce that is more rested means the company will perform __4__ (well). Staff can either record their sleep automatically, __5__ (use) a wrist monitor, or record by hand how long they have slept every night.
__6__ number of studies warn that not sleeping enough can affect our ability to do our job. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine said that the average worker in the USA loses 11.3 working days of productivity a year from a lack __7__ sleep. This __8__ (cost) companies about $2,280 for one worker. It estimates (估计) that the US economy loses $63.2 billion a year mainly __9__ workers do not sleep more than seven hours a night. A 2015 study by the Rand Corporation showed that staff members sleeping less than seven hours per night __10__(find) far less productive than workers having eight or more hours of sleep.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一家美国公司给每晚睡眠时间超过7小时的员工增发薪酬。研究发现，员工睡眠时间越充足，他们的表现就越好，公司的业绩就更佳。
1．added $300和动词add之间是被动关系，该处使用了get sth.done结构，意为“使……被做”。故填added。
2．performance 句意：这一计划背后的目的是员工的表现。employee修饰空格处，意为“员工表现”，空格处应用名词。故填performance。
3．officials 根据空格后的谓语动词say可知，此处主语应用复数形式。故填officials。
4．better 根据该句中的比较级more rested可知，公司员工休息得越好，则公司运转得就越好。故用well的比较级better。
5．using 分析该句结构可知，动词use和句子的主语Staff之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填using。
6．A 由谓语动词warn可知，应填A。a number of 为固定搭配，意为“许多”。注意字母位于句首时需大写。
7．of a lack of为固定搭配，意为“缺乏……”。故填of。
8．costs 根据下句中“It estimates (估计) that ...”并结合语境可知，此处用一般现在时；再由该句主语This可知，cost应用第三人称单数形式。故填costs。
9．because 空格前句意为：它估计美国经济每年损失632亿美元；空格后句意为：员工每晚睡眠时间不超过7小时。根据句意可知，空格前后为因果关系，故用because引导原因状语从句。
10．were found 宾语从句的主语staff members与动词find之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；由“A 2015 study”可知，该句陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。故填were found。
练(二) 第四部分写作增分专练——练规范
(限时：40分钟)
Ⅰ.应用文写作
(2019·金华十校高三联考)假定你是李华。你的网友Peter给你发来邮件向你倾诉他最近因为学习压力大经常失眠，学习效率严重降低，很是苦恼。请你用英语给他回个邮件，给他一些建议和鼓励。内容如下：
1．表示同情；
2．一些建议及理由；
3．早日走出困境。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
I am very sorry to hear that you are suffering in your studies. Now, I would like to offer you some advice.
Firstly, talk with your close friends about your problems, which is a good way to deal with your problems directly. Secondly, have a positive way of learning and keep an optimistic attitude. This will decrease your study pressure. Besides, try to exercise more. It can both build up your body and give you more time to refresh your mind.
I hope my advice can help you.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2018·9月丽水、衢州、湖州三地市质检)Researchers who use animals in psychological experiments must make every effort to minimize (最小化) discomfort, illness, and pain.And procedures that cause animals great suffering are permitted only when no other procedure is available.Moreover, there are federal regulations stating how animals art to be housed, fed and preserved.Not only must researches try very hard to avoid causing physical discomfort, they are also required to promote the psychological wellbeing of some species of research animals, such as monkeys.
Why should animals be used for research in the first place？Is it really possible to learn about human behavior from the results of research employing rats and pigeons？The answer is that psychological research that does employ animals has a different focus and is designed to answer different questions than research that uses humans.For example, the shorter life span of animals (rats live an average of two years) allows researchers to learn about the effects of aging in a much smaller period than they could by using human participants.Moreover, some principles of behavior are similar across species, and so some basic behavioral phenomena can be studied more simply in animals.Finally, some studies require large numbers of participants that share similar backgrounds or have been exposed to particular environments — conditions that could not practically be met with human beings.
Research using animals has provided psychologists with information that has greatly benefited humans.For example, it provided the keys to noticing eye disorders in children early enough to prevent permanent damage.
Despite the value of research with animal participants, the use of animals in psychological research is highly controversial.For example, some critics believe that animals have rights no less significant than those of humans, and that because animals are unable to agree to participation in studies, their use is not moral.Others object to the use of animals on methodological (方法论的) grounds, saying it is impossible to generalize from finding on nonhuman species to humans.
参考范文：
Researchers must follow rules to help animals not suffer in psychological experiments.(要点1) Psychological researches using animals can make psychologists learn about human behaviors more effectively, more simply and more practically.(要点2)．And they also provided the information for psychologists to benefit humans.(要点3)However, the use of animals in psychological experiments has caused a lot of discussion and disagreement in the public.(要点4)
一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇
Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)
[第一屏听写]
1．withdrawal n． 收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
2．lung n. 肺
3．pregnant adj. 怀孕的
4．abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的
5．packet n. 小包；小盒
[第二屏听写]
6．appendix n． 附录；附件
7．pill n. 药丸；药片
8．AIDS 艾滋病(获得性免疫缺损综合征)
9．nicotine n. 尼古丁
10．immune adj. 有免疫力的
11．needle n. 针；(注射器的)针头
[第三屏听写]
12．abortion n． 流产；中途失败
13．cigar n. 雪茄烟
14．spill vi. 溢出；洒落
vt. 使溢出；使洒落
15．obesity n. (过度)肥胖；肥胖症
16．comprehension n. 理解(力)
Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)
[第四屏听写]
1．cigaretten． 香烟；纸烟
2．alcoholn. 酒；酒精
3．alcoholicadj. 酒精的
4．abusen．&vt. 滥用；虐待
5．fitnessn. 健康
6．stressn. 压力；重音
vt. 加压力于；使紧张
[第五屏听写]
7．stressfuladj. 产生压力的；紧张的
8．adolescentn. 青少年
adj. 青春期的
9．adolescencen. 青春期
10．banvt. 禁止；取缔
n. 禁令；谴责
11．dueadj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
[第六屏听写]
12．toughadj. 困难的；强硬的
13．addictedadj. 入了迷的；上了瘾的
14．accustomvt. 使习惯于
15．accustomedadj. 惯常的；习惯了的
16．automaticadj. 无意识的；自动的
17．automaticallyadv. 无意识地；自动地
[第七屏听写]
18．mentaladj. 精神的；智力的
19．mentallyadv. 精神上；智力上
20．quitvt. 停止(做某事)；离开
21．effectn. 结果；效力
22．badtemperedadj. 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
23．breathlessadj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的
24．unfitadj. 不健康的；不合适的；不合格的
25．strengthenvt. 加强；巩固；使坚强
vi. 变强
[第八屏听写]
26．relaxationn． 放松；松弛
27．desperateadj. 绝望的；拼命的
28．chemistn. 药剂师；化学家
29．disappointedadj. 失望的；沮丧的
30．weakenvi. (对某事的决心)动摇；减弱
vt. (使)变弱
31．ashamedadj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的
[第九屏听写]
32．illegaladj. 不合法的；违法的
33．robberyn. 抢劫；盗窃
34．slipperyadj. 滑的
35．survivaln. 幸存
36．sexn. 性；性别
37．maleadj. 男性的；雄性的
n. 男人；雄性动(植)物
[第十屏听写]
38．femaleadj. 女性的；雌性的
n. 雌性的动(植)物；女人
39．prejudicen. 偏见；成见
40．judgementn. 看法；判决；判断
41．embarrassedadj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的
42．awkwardadj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
43．decide_on 对……作出决定
44．feel_like_(doing) 想要(做)……
[第十一屏听写]
45．in_spite_of 不顾；不管
46．take_risks_(a_risk) 冒险
47．get_into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
48．at_risk 处境危险；遭受危险
49．due_to 由于……
50．addicted_to 对……有瘾
51．accustomed_to 习惯于……
二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾
(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高
识
记
单
词
写
对
Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)
1.lung n． 肺
2.pregnant adj. 怀孕的
3.abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的
4.comprehension n. 理解(力)
5.appendix n. 附录；附件
6.pill n. 药丸；药片
7.immune adj. 有免疫力的
8.packet n. 小包；小盒
9.needle n. 针；(注射器的)针头
10.abortion n. 流产；中途失败
11.spill vi.&vt. 溢出；洒落；使溢出；使洒落
12.obesity n． (过度)肥胖；肥胖症
13.withdrawal n. 收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)
1.cigaretten. 香烟；纸烟
2.effectn. 结果；效力
3.judgementn. 看法；判决；判断
4.embarrassedadj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的
5.maleadj. 男性的；雄性的
n. 男人；雄性动(植)物
6.femaleadj. 女性的；雌性的
n. 雌性的动(植)物；女人
7.prejudicen. 偏见；成见
8.badtemperedadj. 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
核
心
单
词
练
通
1.Having abused (滥用) his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends, Williams is now under investigation.
2.In the questionnaire, the subjects are questioned whether they advocate banning (禁止) cars in the city center.
3.The paper is due (到期的) next month, and I am working seven days a week, often long into the night.
4.The young man is going to quit (放弃) his job next month because of his low salary.
5.With the debt problem worsening, it is going to be a tough (艰难的) test for EU to help Greece out of trouble.
6.The woman tried desperately (拼命地)to push the man away when he tried to snatch the bag from her.
7.The shy girl felt awkward (局促不安的) and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teacher’s questions.
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1.stress n．压力；重音；vt.加压力于；使紧张→stressfuladj.产生压力的；紧张的→stressedadj.焦虑不安的
2.addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addictiveadj.使人上瘾的→addictionn．上瘾；沉溺；嗜好→addictvt.使上瘾 n．有瘾的人
3.breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的→breathn．呼吸→breathev．呼吸
4.accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomedadj.惯常的；习惯了的
5.automatic adj.无意识的；自动的→automaticallyadv.无意识地；自动地
6.mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentallyadv.精神上；智力上
7.unfit adj.不健康的；不合适的；不合格的→fitadj.健康的；合适的→fitnessn．健康
8.strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强→strengthn．力气；力量；强项→strongadj.强壮的；结实的
9.chemist n．药剂师；化学家→chemicaladj.化学的 n．化学制品→chemistryn．化学
10.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointingadj.令人失望的→disappointvt.使失望；使扫兴→disappointmentn．失望；沮丧
11.ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的→shamen．羞耻；羞愧→shamefuladj.可耻的；不道德的→shamelessadj.无耻的；厚颜的
12.relaxation n．放松；松弛→relaxv．使放松→relaxedadj.轻松的→relaxingadj.令人放松的
13.weaken vi.(对某事的决心)动摇；减弱 vt.(使)变弱→weakadj.虚弱的→weaknessn．弱点
14.robbery n．抢劫；盗窃→robv．抢劫；抢夺→robbern．抢劫犯
15.illegal adj.不合法的；违法的→legaladj.合法的
16.survival n．幸存→survivev．幸存→survivorn．幸存者
[用准用活]
1.After a stressful week of work, all the employees were extremely stressed and tired. They complained that few could work efficiently under stress.(stress)
2.The addictive cigarette can addict people, so once you are addicted to smoking cigarettes, it’s extremely difficult to fight your addiction. (addict)
3.In order to accustom myself to the wet weather, I try eating more peppers and later I get accustomed to the wet weather. (accustom)
4.Yesterday, I climbed the mountain top to breathe the fresh air. Although I became breathless when I was on the top, the breath of fresh air was worth it. (breath)
5.If we strengthen our physical exercise, we will get stronger and are full of strength all day long. (strong)
6.To my parents’disappointment,_my disappointing math grade greatly disappointed my parents, and their disappointed look urged me to study harder then. (disappoint)
7.You should be ashamed of your shameful behaviors or you will be a shameless man.(shame)
8.After hearing some relaxing music, she felt quite relaxed,_and there was a relaxed expression on her face.(relax)
9.If you have a weak body, you have to do more exercise and never weaken before your weakness is exposed to others. (weak)
10.She survived the earthquake and her survival is a wonder, for she was the only survivor of the disaster. (survive)
⇩
1.否定前缀un高频形容词一览
①unfit 不合适的 ②unfair 不公平的
③unusual 不寻常的 ④unfriendly 不友好的
⑤unfortunate 不幸的 ⑥uncomfortable 不舒服的
⑦unimportant 不重要的 ⑧uncertain 不确定的
2.en后缀高频动词集锦
①strengthen加强 ②shorten 缩短
③deepen 加深 ④widen 加宽
⑤broaden 加宽 ⑥lighten 减轻
⑦threaten 恐吓 ⑧frighten 使惊吓
(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高
先 写 对
再 用 准
第
一
组
1.get_into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
2.throw_away 扔掉
3.in_spite_of 不顾；不管
4.at_risk 处境危险；遭受危险
5.decide_on 对……作出决定
Xiao Ming is a senior high student. He ①got_into smoking two years ago ②in_spite_of his friends’ objection. If he doesn’t ③decide_on whether he will ④throw_away his cigarettes, he will be ⑤at_risk being dismissed by school. He begins to worry about that.
第
二
组
1.due_to 由于……
2.be/become_addicted_to 对……有瘾
3.be/get_accustomed_to 习惯于……
4.feel_like_(doing) 想要(做)……
5.take_risks_(a_risk) 冒险
Fortunately, his English teacher found that he really ①felt_like quitting smoking. With his teacher’s help, he gradually ②became less addicted_to nicotine. After three months’ struggle, Xiao Ming finally ③was/got_accustomed_to the new life without cigarettes.
⇩
1.“因为；由于……”荟萃
①due to 由于；因为
②because of 由于；因为
③owing to 由于；因为
④thanks to 多亏；由于
⑤on account of 由于
⑥as a result of 由于……的结果
2.get into相关短语面面观
①get into debt 负债累累
②get into trouble 陷入困境
③get into shape 使身体好起来
④get into a panic 陷入恐慌
⑤get into a habit 养成习惯
⑥get into drugs 染上毒品
3.“at＋名词”构成的短语串烧
①at risk 处境危险
②at length 最后
③at cost 按成本
④at present 目前；现在
⑤at ease 安逸；自在；无拘无束
⑥at sea 在海上；茫然；不知所措
(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高
背 原 句
明 句 式
学 仿 写
1.As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会自动地做它。
as引导非限制性定语从句。
正如我们知道的，长江是亚洲最长河流，拥有许多景点。(2017·北京高考满分作文)
As_we_know,_the Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and has so many attractions.
2.I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。
(1)“do＋动词原形”表示强调结构。
(2)“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...”结构。
①我的确希望你能和我一起参观这个剪纸展览。(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
I do_hope_that you can visit the papercutting exhibition with me.
②事实上，戒掉一个坏习惯付出的努力与养成一个好习惯是一样的。
As a matter of fact, getting rid of a bad habit is as_much_an_effort_as forming a good one.
3.It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
It is ...that ...为强调句型。
正是我的信心和决定使我取得了成功。
It_was_my_confidence_and_determination_that led to my success.
考点新组合
阅读微技能
Smokers’ life
As we all know, any person who❶gets into the bad habit of smoking will get addicted to nicotine. They believe that smoking is enjoying life instead ________❷taking risks. In my opinion, the reason ______❸ the smokers don’t quit smoking is that they just want to relieve their heavy stress. For most smokers, they do be clear of the harmful effect of smoking, and they do be trying to make some change.
1.①处who引导定语从句。
2.②处应填入介词 of。
3.③处应填入的词是__B__。
A.that B．why
C.what D．because
1．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
(1)be/get addicted to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事
(2)addict oneself to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事
(3)addiction n. 上瘾；沉溺；嗜好
addiction to ……瘾
(4)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①Learning that you are addicted to table tennis, I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
②Addicted to playing (play) the computer games, he didn't notice a thief walk into his house.
③I discovered an addiction (addict) to housework which I had never felt before.
句型转换
④Many kids are addicted to playing with smartphones, so they have no energy to study.
→Addicting_themselves_to_playing_with_smartphones,_many kids have no energy to study.
[名师指津] addiction与addition十分相似，注意其拼写的不同， addiction比addition多一个字母c。
2．stress n．重压；逼迫；压力；重音；强调重要性vt.加压力于；使紧张；重读
(1)under stress 在压力之下
lay/put stress on sth. 强调某事物
(2)stressful adj. 有压力的(指物)
(3)stressed adj. 有压力的(指人)
[题点全练] 单句语法填空
①When under stress, even a most gentle person can be badtempered and get angry easily.
②Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed (stress) in their studies.
③Nowadays, more and more people are living under stressful (stress) conditions.
④He laid particular stress on the need for discipline.
3．effect n．结果；效力；影响
(1)side effect 副作用
come into/take effect 生效；见效
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
bring/carry/put ... into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①Reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on/upon the children.
②It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare no effort to do it.
③One of the most effective (effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
补全句子
④The agreement signed between the two companies last week will_come_into_effect_soon.
两家公司在上周签订的这份协议将很快生效。
⑤A much lower dose of the painkiller can still produce side_effect.
这种止痛药服用很小的剂量依然能产生副作用。
4．get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)
[归纳拓展]
❶get across (使)通过；(使)被理解；(把……)讲清楚
❷get away 逃脱；离开
❸get over 爬过；越过；克服困难；痊愈
❹get through 熬过(困难时期)；通过；接通电话
❺get along with 进展；相处
❻get down to 开始做某事
[应用领悟]
①I have got into the habit of playing basketball since it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
我已经养成了打篮球的习惯，因为它一直给我力量来面对生活中的挑战。
②A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，并在陌生人的世界中找到朋友。
③Looking back on my past few years, friends gave me so much help that I could get over difficulties which I had to face with.
回顾过去的几年，朋友给了我那么多的帮助，我才能克服我不得不面对的困难。
5．take risks (a risk)冒险
(1)at risk 有风险；处境危险
at the risk of ... 冒着……的危险
run the risk (of doing sth.) 冒险(做某事)
(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①The young man jumped into the icy river to save the old man even at the risk of his own life.
②The national parks are very important for the protection of these wild animals, which would otherwise run the risk of becoming extinct.
③He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk losing (lose) the good opportunity.
补全句子
④The doctor said that everyone was at_risk for AIDS.
医生说每个人都有得艾滋病的风险。
⑤We do not expect untrained people to take_risks/a_risk.
我们不希望未经训练的人去冒险。
6．“do动词原形”的强调结构
I do_hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。
“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下两个条件：
(1)句子是肯定句；
(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
①The baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does_catch_a_cold.
那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。
②—I’m sorry. I shouldn’t have been rude to you.
—You did_lose_your_temper but that’s all right.
——很抱歉，我不该对你粗鲁的。
——你确实发脾气了，但没关系。
考点新组合
阅读微技能
Smokers’ life
Sometimes, the smokers also feel ashamed❶ of their bad behaviors. Although they desire to live as healthy a life as the nonsmokers, they may not have courage to give ________❷ smoking. Maybe it’s all due to the fact that they are accustomed to their life for a long time. Could you do them a good favour?
1.①处前的动词feel是系动词，ashamed作它的表语，二者一起在句中作谓语。
2.②处应填 up。
3.What’s the main idea of this paragraph？
The_smokers_need_some_advice_to_quit_smoking.
7．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
(1)be/feel ashamed of/for ... 对/为……感到惭愧/羞耻
be/feel ashamed for sb. 替/为某人感到惭愧/羞耻
be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事
(2)shame n. 惭愧；羞耻；羞愧
it’s a shame/pity＝what a shame/pity
真可惜
It’s a shame that ... 真遗憾……
(3)shameful adj. 可耻的；不道德的
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①The parents felt ashamed for their son when he was dismissed by the boss.
②It is shameful (shame) to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
补全句子
③Having read about the above common complaint from so many mothers, I felt_ashamed_and_guilty.
读了上面来自那么多母亲们的抱怨，我感到惭愧与内疚。
④It’s a shame/pity that a good student should_do_something_like_that.
真遗憾一个好学生竟然会做出那样的事。
一句多译
在课堂上，学生们不应该羞于向老师发问。
⑤In class, students should not be_ashamed_of/for_asking_the_teacher_questions.
⑥In class, students should not be_ashamed_to_ask_the_teacher_questions.
[名师指津] 在It’s a shame/pity that ...句型中，从句的谓语动词常用“(should ＋)动词原形”形式，构成一种虚拟语气。
8．due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的；应付的；应有的
[一词多义] 写出下列句中due的含义
①The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.欠款的
②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week.预定的
③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.到期的
④When it comes to giving due respect to the old people, she feels a bit uneasy.应有的
[归纳拓展]
due to 由于；因为；归因于
be due to do sth. 预定做某事
⑤Mistakes due_to_carelessness may have serious consequences.由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。
9．accustomed adj.经常的；惯常的；习惯了的
(1)be/get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
＝be/get/become used to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事
(2)accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.
使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
[多角练透]
同义替换
①He quickly got used (＝accustomed) to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college.
他很快适应了大学里的浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。
单句语法填空
②Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.
③Accustoming himself to living (live) in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city.
10．“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...”结构
I do hope so because I want you to live as_long_and_healthy_a_life_as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。
(1)．..as much＋不可数名词＋as ... 像……一样多的……
(2)．..as many＋复数名词＋as ... 像……一样多的
(3)．..as＋adj./adv.＋as ＋sb./sth. 像……一样……
①Our neighbour’s garden is as big as ours.
＝Our neighbour has_a_garden_as_big_as_ours.
＝Our neighbour has_as_big_a_garden_as_ours.
我们的邻居有一个和我们一样大的花园。
②You’ve made as_many_mistakes_as I have.
你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。
③In many sports physical fitness is not as/so_important_as technique.
在许多体育运动中，体能没有技巧重要。
④I can carry as_much_paper_as you can.
我能搬得动和你一样多的纸。
[名师指津] 否定句中“as ...as ...”结构中第一个as也可换成so。
[单元语基落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Being_addicted (addict) to computer games can be harmful to you in many ways.
2．A regular and busy life is wonderful, although it’s hard and stressful (stress)．
3．It’s reported that passengers are banned from eating and drinking on subway trains.
4．Professor Smith is due to_give (give) us a lecture at eight tomorrow morning.
5．After living there for one year, they have been accustomed to working (work) there.
6．I was once ashamed to_admit (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
7．Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective (effect) ways to improve our English.
8．People think the earth doesn’t move at all, but in fact, it does (do) move.
9．Doing some exercise earlier in the day should make you feel physically as well as mentally (mental) tired.
10．Just quit complaining (complain). What matters now is how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation.
Ⅱ.选词填空
decide on， get into， be addicted to， be accustomed to， feel like， in spite of， at risk， due to
1．If you take the risk of drunk driving, you are at_risk.
2．In_spite_of the fact that he was not a trained economist, his achievements were remarkable.
3．I am_accustomed_to getting up early and taking an hour’s walk before breakfast.
4．Tom feels_like being a cook because he thinks cooking delicious food for others is interesting and happy.
5．Generally speaking, boys are_addicted_to playing computer games while girls prefer chatting online.
6．Due_to the fast rhythm of modern life, more and more people are living under great stress.
7．—How do you find Qingdao, Mary?
—It’s a beautiful seaside city. I have decided_on it for my next holiday.
8．Mr. Bean constantly gets_into awkward and absurd situations, which greatly amuses audiences regardless of their nationalities and culture.
Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子
1．对不起，我的确忘了告诉你会议的时间了。稍后我将把相关信息告诉你。(谓语强调结构)
Sorry！I did_forget_to_tell you about the time of the meeting. I’ll tell you the information mentioned later.
2．我觉得理解特别英语节目并不难。 (动词＋ it＋adj.＋to do)
I don’t feel_it_difficult_to_understand the Special English.
3．这个小伙子希望和他爷爷一样过俭朴的生活。(as＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋as)
The young man hopes to live as_simple_a_life_as his grandpa.
4．正如你们许多年龄足够大的人记得的那样，披头士乐队来自Liverpool。(as引导的非限制性定语从句)
The Beatles, as_many_of_you_are_old_enough_to_remember,_came from Liverpool.
5．他的成功不是因为他聪明，而是因为他勤奋。(强调句型)
It_is_not_because_he_is_smart_but_because_he_is_diligent_that_makes_him_a_success.
Ⅳ.句型转换
1．Most of them turned up on time; only Tom arrived late because of the storm.
→Most of them turned up on time; only Tom arrived late due_to the storm.
2．Giving up smoking is difficult.
→It_is_difficult_to_give_up smoking.
3．I don’t know that my cigarette smoke can affect the health of nonsmokers.
→I don’t know that my cigarette smoke has_an_effect_on the health of nonsmokers.
4．Every time you want to give up, remind yourself that you are a brave man.
→Every time you feel_like_giving_up,_remind yourself that you are a brave man.
5．Having lived in the south for many years, the little girl is not used to living in the north.
→Having lived in the south for many years, the little girl is not accustomed_to living in the north.
[高考拆组训练]
练(一) 语言运用组块专练——练准度
(限时：25分钟)
Ⅰ.完形填空
Cameron Lyle has never expected to save the life of a person he didn't know. He was a shotput star at the highest point of his athletic career when he had to make a great __1__.
A man with blood cancer was __2__ for healthy bone marrow (骨髓) and Cameron was the only __3__among all the possible donors. The only __4__： if Cameron decided to donate, it meant he would miss some very important sports meetings.
__5__ with cutting his career short, Cameron focused only on the __6__ to save the man's life.
“I was surprised that I was pretty __7__. I said ‘yes’ right away，” said Cameron, 21.“If I had said __8__， he wouldn't have had a match.”
Actually, Cameron had completely __9__ the “Be The Match Registry” that came to his university two years ago. But two months ago, he got a call. Cameron was __10__ he was a possible match for a young man with blood cancer, which would get worse quickly if not __11__.
Cameron received blood tests, which __12__he was a definite match.__13__he agreed to donate, more tests were followed to __14__he didn't have any problem.__15__， everything went well, and last week Cameron headed to Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston to __16__ his bone marrow with a stranger.
Most people can return to their full activities within days after the donation.__17__ Cameron was told not to lift over 20 pounds for about a month. So this meant he __18__ to miss some athletic events where he wanted to __19__ after eight years of shotput training.
“But it's OK，” he said.“It was worth it I would __20__ it again.”
语篇解读：一个处于事业巅峰期的铅球运动员，意外地与一个血癌病人的骨髓匹配成功。他毫不犹豫地为血癌病人捐献了自己的骨髓。虽然因此错过了一些重大赛事，但他觉得值得捐！
1．A.schedule B．conclusion
C．decision D．effort
解析：选C 下文中提到莱尔与一个血癌病人的骨髓匹配成功。由此可知，处于事业巅峰期的他不得不做一个重大决定。make a conclusion意为“得出结论”；make an effort意为“作出努力”。
2．A.suitable B．desperate
C．ready D．grateful
解析：选B 一个人患了血癌，他非常需要得到健康的骨髓。be desperate for意为“非常需要，极其需要”。
3．A.match B．partner
C．suit D．fit
解析：选A 莱尔是所有可能的捐赠者中唯一的匹配者。第8个空后的“he wouldn't have had a match”有提示。
4．A.solution B．situation
C．assumption D．problem
解析：选D 根据下文中的“it meant he would miss some very important sports meetings”可知，莱尔面临的唯一问题是捐献骨髓会使他错过一些非常重要的赛事。
5．A.Faced B．Concerned
C．Delighted D．Disappointed
解析：选A 下文中提到莱尔决定捐献骨髓，这意味着他将面临事业上的短暂停顿。be faced with意为“面对”；be concerned with 意为“与……有关”。
6．A.ability B．motivation
C．way D．chance
解析：选D 根据上文“cutting his career short”可知，莱尔暂停了事业，把精力都集中在有可能挽救血癌病人的生命上。
7．A.happy B．moved
C．upset D．lucky
解析：选A 根据空后的“I said ‘yes' right away”可推知，莱尔为能够帮助别人感到非常高兴。
8．A.yes B．hello
C．no D．bye
解析：选C 如果莱尔说不，这个血癌病人很可能找不到成功的骨髓配型。
9．A.organised B．forgotten
C．avoided D．refused
解析：选B 联系下文中的“But two months ago, he got a call.”可知，事实上莱尔已经完全忘了匹配登记这件事。
10．A.told B．warned
C．reminded D．proved
解析：选A 结合上文中的“he got a call”可知，他被告知他可能与一个血癌病人配型成功。
11．A.improved B．prevented
C．recovered D．treated
解析：选D 根据上文中的“which would get worse quickly”可知，如果不治疗，病情就会快速恶化。
12．A.doubted B．expected
C．confirmed D．predicted
解析：选C 莱尔接受了血液检验，确认了他与病人配型成功。
13．A.While B．Once
C．Before D．Unless
解析：选B 分析句子的逻辑关系可知，一旦他同意捐献骨髓，之后就会有更多的检查。
14．A.ensure B．ignore
C．protect D．fear
解析：选A 莱尔需要做更多检查以确保他的身体没有任何问题。
15．A.Quickly B．Gradually
C．Suddenly D．Finally
解析：选D 根据空后的“everything went well”可知，最终，一切进展顺利，莱尔去医院捐献了骨髓。
16．A.exchange B．share
C．associate D．combine
解析：选B 根据语境可知，莱尔给血癌病人捐献骨髓，他与一个陌生人分享了骨髓。
17．A.So B．Then
C．But D．And
解析：选C 分析句子的逻辑关系可知，大多数人在捐献骨髓后的几天就可以完全恢复正常，但莱尔却被告知大约一个月内不能举20磅以上的东西。此处前后句之间表示转折关系。
18．A.used B．agreed
C．hesitated D．had
解析：选D 根据上文中的“Cameron was told not to lift over 20 pounds for about a month”可推断，他不得不错过很多赛事。
19．A.grow B．shine
C．cheer D．struggle
解析：选B 在经过八年的铅球训练后，莱尔一定想参加比赛，使自己表现出众。
20．A.make B．admit
C．accept D．do
解析：选D 莱尔认为自己所做的事很值得，因此他还会再做(同样的事情)。
Ⅱ.语法填空
A company in the USA is paying its workers to sleep more. Staff at the insurance company Aetna will get $300 a year __1__ (add) to their salary if they get at least seven hours of sleep a night. They will get just over a dollar for each night they sleep over seven hours. The idea behind this plan is employee __2__ (perform). Human resources __3__ (official) say workers will work more effectively if they have slept well. A workforce that is more rested means the company will perform __4__ (well). Staff can either record their sleep automatically, __5__ (use) a wrist monitor, or record by hand how long they have slept every night.
__6__ number of studies warn that not sleeping enough can affect our ability to do our job. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine said that the average worker in the USA loses 11.3 working days of productivity a year from a lack __7__ sleep. This __8__ (cost) companies about $2,280 for one worker. It estimates (估计) that the US economy loses $63.2 billion a year mainly __9__ workers do not sleep more than seven hours a night. A 2015 study by the Rand Corporation showed that staff members sleeping less than seven hours per night __10__(find) far less productive than workers having eight or more hours of sleep.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一家美国公司给每晚睡眠时间超过7小时的员工增发薪酬。研究发现，员工睡眠时间越充足，他们的表现就越好，公司的业绩就更佳。
1．added $300和动词add之间是被动关系，该处使用了get sth.done结构，意为“使……被做”。故填added。
2．performance 句意：这一计划背后的目的是员工的表现。employee修饰空格处，意为“员工表现”，空格处应用名词。故填performance。
3．officials 根据空格后的谓语动词say可知，此处主语应用复数形式。故填officials。
4．better 根据该句中的比较级more rested可知，公司员工休息得越好，则公司运转得就越好。故用well的比较级better。
5．using 分析该句结构可知，动词use和句子的主语Staff之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填using。
6．A 由谓语动词warn可知，应填A。a number of 为固定搭配，意为“许多”。注意字母位于句首时需大写。
7．of a lack of为固定搭配，意为“缺乏……”。故填of。
8．costs 根据下句中“It estimates (估计) that ...”并结合语境可知，此处用一般现在时；再由该句主语This可知，cost应用第三人称单数形式。故填costs。
9．because 空格前句意为：它估计美国经济每年损失632亿美元；空格后句意为：员工每晚睡眠时间不超过7小时。根据句意可知，空格前后为因果关系，故用because引导原因状语从句。
10．were found 宾语从句的主语staff members与动词find之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；由“A 2015 study”可知，该句陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。故填were found。
练(二) 第四部分写作增分专练——练规范
(限时：40分钟)
Ⅰ.应用文写作
(2019·金华十校高三联考)假定你是李华。你的网友Peter给你发来邮件向你倾诉他最近因为学习压力大经常失眠，学习效率严重降低，很是苦恼。请你用英语给他回个邮件，给他一些建议和鼓励。内容如下：
1．表示同情；
2．一些建议及理由；
3．早日走出困境。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
I am very sorry to hear that you are suffering in your studies. Now, I would like to offer you some advice.
Firstly, talk with your close friends about your problems, which is a good way to deal with your problems directly. Secondly, have a positive way of learning and keep an optimistic attitude. This will decrease your study pressure. Besides, try to exercise more. It can both build up your body and give you more time to refresh your mind.
I hope my advice can help you.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2018·9月丽水、衢州、湖州三地市质检)Researchers who use animals in psychological experiments must make every effort to minimize (最小化) discomfort, illness, and pain.And procedures that cause animals great suffering are permitted only when no other procedure is available.Moreover, there are federal regulations stating how animals art to be housed, fed and preserved.Not only must researches try very hard to avoid causing physical discomfort, they are also required to promote the psychological wellbeing of some species of research animals, such as monkeys.
Why should animals be used for research in the first place？Is it really possible to learn about human behavior from the results of research employing rats and pigeons？The answer is that psychological research that does employ animals has a different focus and is designed to answer different questions than research that uses humans.For example, the shorter life span of animals (rats live an average of two years) allows researchers to learn about the effects of aging in a much smaller period than they could by using human participants.Moreover, some principles of behavior are similar across species, and so some basic behavioral phenomena can be studied more simply in animals.Finally, some studies require large numbers of participants that share similar backgrounds or have been exposed to particular environments — conditions that could not practically be met with human beings.
Research using animals has provided psychologists with information that has greatly benefited humans.For example, it provided the keys to noticing eye disorders in children early enough to prevent permanent damage.
Despite the value of research with animal participants, the use of animals in psychological research is highly controversial.For example, some critics believe that animals have rights no less significant than those of humans, and that because animals are unable to agree to participation in studies, their use is not moral.Others object to the use of animals on methodological (方法论的) grounds, saying it is impossible to generalize from finding on nonhuman species to humans.
参考范文：
Researchers must follow rules to help animals not suffer in psychological experiments.(要点1) Psychological researches using animals can make psychologists learn about human behaviors more effectively, more simply and more practically.(要点2)．And they also provided the information for psychologists to benefit humans.(要点3)However, the use of animals in psychological experiments has caused a lot of discussion and disagreement in the public.(要点4)
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