2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习人教浙江专版讲义：选修6Unit4Globalwarming

Unit 4　Global warming



一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇
Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)
[第一屏听写]
1．graph n．　　　　　　　　　 图表；坐标图；曲线图
2．renewable adj. 能再生的；可更新的
3．phenomenon (复数­ena) n. 现象
4．fuel n. 燃料
5．byproduct n. 副产品　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
[第二屏听写]
6．per prep.　　　　　 　　　 每；每一
7．catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫
8．drought n. 旱灾；干旱
9．individual n. 个人；个体
adj. 单独的；个别的
10．can n. 容器；罐头　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
[第三屏听写]
11．microwave n．　　　　　 　 微波炉；微波
12．presentation n. 显示；演出
13．nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的
14．commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉
15．motor n. 发动机
16．outer adj. 外部的；外面的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)
[第四屏听写]
1．greenhousen．　　　 　　　 温室；花房
2．quantityn. 量；数量
3．tendvi. 趋向；易于；照顾
vt. 照顾；护理
4．datan. 资料；数据
5．trendn. 趋势；倾向；走向
6．consumevt. 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
[第五屏听写]
7．subscribevi.　　　　　　　 同意；捐赠；订阅
vt. 签署(文件)；捐助
8．opposevt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
9．opposedadj. 反对的；对立的
10．mildadj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的
11．environmentaladj. 环境的
12．floodn. 洪水；水灾　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
[第六屏听写]
13．consequencen．　　　 结果；后果；影响
14．statevt. 陈述；说明
15．rangen. 种类；范围
16．glancevi. 看一下；扫视
n. 一瞥
17．steadyadj. 平稳的；持续的；稳固的
18．steadilyadv. 平稳地；持续地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
[第七屏听写]
19．tendencyn．　　 　　 倾向；趋势
20．widespreadadj. 分布广的；普遍的
21．economicaladj. 节约的；经济的
22．averageadj. 平均的
23．existencen. 生存；存在
24．advocatevt. 拥护；提倡；主张
25．pollutionn. 污染；弄脏　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
[第八屏听写]
26．growthn．　　　　　 增长；生长
27．electricaladj. 电的；与电有关的
28．casualadj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的
29．circumstancen. 环境；情况
30．refreshvt. 使恢复；使振作
31．educatorn. 教育工作者；教育家
32．contributionn. 贡献　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
[第九屏听写]
33．disagreementn．　 　 分歧；不一致
34．randomadj. 胡乱的；任意的
35．quantities_of 大量的
36．even_if 即使
37．keep_on 继续
38．so_long_as 只要
39．come_about 发生；造成　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
[第十屏听写]
40．go_up　　　　　　 上升；增长；升起
41．subscribe_to 同意；赞成；订购
42．be_opposed_to 反对……
43．result_in 导致
44．on_the_whole 大体上；基本上
45．on_behalf_of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
46．put_up_with 忍受；容忍
47．and_so_on 等等　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　
二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾
(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高
识
记
单
词
写
对
Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)
1.graph n．图表；坐标图；曲线图
2.renewable adj. 能再生的；可更新的
3.phenomenon n. 现象
4.fuel n. 燃料
5.byproduct n. 副产品
6.catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫
7.drought n. 旱灾；干旱
8.commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉
9.motor n. 发动机
10.microwave n. 微波炉；微波
11.presentation n．　显示；演出
12.nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的
Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)
1.greenhousen. 温室；花房
2.datan. 资料；数据
3.trendn. 趋势；倾向；走向
4.floodn. 洪水；水灾
5.mildadj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的
6.randomadj. 胡乱的；任意的
7.casualadj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的
核
心
单
词
练
通
1.As the charts shows，the quantity (数量) of the groundwater in our country is not satisfying.
2.In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wider range (范围) of choices, such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
3.The two pictures look so similar at one glance (一瞥), but they are totally different.
4.There is a(n) widespread (普遍的) concern over the issue whether students should make friends on line.
5.The average (平均的) temperature ranges between 23℃ and 39℃and 51% of the island is covered with forests.
6.The people who cannot quit smoking may easily be affected by his circumstance (情况) and surroundings.
7.I strongly advocate (主张) that we should make joint efforts to contribute to the youth football progress.
8.A cool drink refreshed (使恢复) me after my long walk.
拓展单词用活
[记全记牢]
1.consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumern．顾客
2.subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅vt.签署(文件)；捐助→subscriptionn．同意；捐赠；订阅；签署
3.tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理→tendencyn．倾向；趋势
4.oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposedadj.反对的；对立的
5.consequence n．结果；后果；影响→consequentadj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequentlyadv.因此；所以
6.state vt.陈述；说明→statementn．说明；说法；表白
7.steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadilyadv.平稳地；持续地
8.economical adj.节约的；经济的→economicadj.经济的→economyn．经济；节约
9.existence n．生存；存在→existvi.存在→existingadj.目前的；现在的
10.pollution n．污染；弄脏→pollutevt.污染→pollutedadj.被污染的
11.growth n．增长；生长→growv．种植；生长；发展
12.electrical adj.电的；与电有关的→electricityn．电；电力→electricadj.电的；电动的→electronicn．电子的
13.educator n．教育工作者；教育家→educatev．教育；培养→educationn．教育；培养
14.contribution n．贡献；捐助→contributev．贡献；撰稿；捐助；捐赠
15.environmental adj.环境的→environmentn．环境
16.disagreement n．分歧；不一致→disagreev．不同意→agreev．同意；赞成→agreementn．同意；赞成；一致
[用准用活]
1.With the subscription from the kind­hearted people, the teacher subscribed to some newspapers for the poor children in the mountain area. (subscribe)
2.One of the worst consequences of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer lung cancer.Consequently,_you and your family will suffer a lot. (consequent)
3.Thanks to the river chief system, the local rivers’pollution has been stopped, and you cannot see any polluted water in this city. (pollute)
4.It was stated that the president made a statement announcing new policies to deal with the new situation.(state)
5.They have contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees so far and their contributions will certainly help the refugees live through the winter. (contribute)
6.Many people do not believe the existence of the ghosts, but many young children believe there exists all kinds of ghosts in the world. How to solve this existing problem? (exist)
7.The storm tends to hit our city, and we will observe the tendency of it closely.(tend)
8.The air conditioners of this type consume too much electricity. Many consumers complain about this. (consume)
9.With the decline of the global economy,_her family is faced with many economic problems, one of which is whether to buy an economical stove to survive the whole winter. (economy)

⇩
1.特别“不规则”的名词复数小结
①datum→data　数据
②medium→media 媒体
③bacterium→bacteria 细菌
④criterion→criteria 标准
⑤phenomenon→phenomena 现象
⑥crisis→crises 危机
2.多“灾”多“难”①flood　　洪灾
②drought 旱灾
③disaster 灾难
④catastrophe 大灾难
⑤earthquake 地震
⑥tsunami 海啸
3. 小心触“电”
①electrical adj.　　电的；与电有关的
②electricity n. 电；电流
③electric adj. 电的；电动的
④electronic adj. 电子的
⑤electrics n. 电路
⑥electrician n. 电工；电学家

(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高
先 写 对
再 用 准
第一组
1.go_up　　　上升；增长；升起
2.subscribe_to 同意；赞成；订购
3.quantities_of 大量的
4.be_opposed_to 反对……
5.put_up_with 忍受；容忍
6.and_so_on 等等
This morning, several classmates and I ①subscribed_to the idea that we went to pick up rubbish in the People’s Park. On arrival, we found ②quantities_of waste plastic bags on the ground. Although we ③were_opposed_to littering, some visitors ignored us. We couldn’t ④put_up_with their bad behaviors.
第二组
1.even_if　　即使
2.result_in 导致
3.keep_on 继续
4.come_about 发生；造成
5.so/as_long_as 只要
6.on_the_whole 大体上；基本上
7.on_behalf_of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
　We persuaded them not to throw away rubbish patiently, they finally promised us not to ①keep_on doing that. So, you see, ②so/as_long_as we are ③on_behalf_of the kindness and righteousness, the bad phenomena will not ④comeabout. ⑤Onthewhole,good actions ⑥result_in good outcomes. Don’t you think so？
What a meaningful day we had！　　

⇩

1.“动词＋up with”短语集锦
①keep up with　　　跟上
②catch up with 跟上
③end up with 以……结束
④come up with 提出
⑤put up with 忍受
⑥be fed up with 受够了
2.“be＋v.­ed＋to”短语荟萃
①be opposed to　　　反对
②be attached to 附属于
③be accustomed to 习惯于
④be addicted to 沉溺于
⑤be devoted to 奉献
⑥be sentenced to 被判处
3.“引起；造成；导致”短语合集
①lead to　导致；造成
②result in 导致
③contribute to 促成；有助于
④give rise to 引起；引发；使发生
⑤bring about 引起；导致

(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高
背 原 句
明 句 式
学 仿 写
1.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer ...
毫无疑问，地球正在变暖……
There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。
毫无疑问，沿着长江的旅行将是一个更好的选择。
(2017·北京高考书面表达)
There_is_no_doubt_that the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
2.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。
even if/though “即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
作为学生，我们应该总是讲真话，即使别人可能与我们观点不同。
As students, we should always tell the truth even_if_others_
might_not_agree_with_us.
3.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off！
只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
so/as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句。
你可以写任何相关的东西，只要它有趣、有教育意义就行。
You can write anything relevant so/as_long_as_it’s_interesting and informative.




考点新组合
阅读微技能
Protecting the environment
According to the statistics, on average, a person produces about 2 kilograms of garbage per day, which is considered as one of the pollution sources resulting in❶ the environment pollution. The garbage pollution brings great difficulties to our life, and we cannot put upwith it❷. In addition, a variety of pollution is damaging our environment. As a consequence, our health is under threat. So, let’s work together to oppose any form of destruction of the environment.
1.①处resulting in在意义上相当于leading_to。在用法上，这种现在分词短语的形式常放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。
2．把②处短语所在句升级为含定语从句的复合句：
The garbage pollution, which_we_cannot_put_up_with,_brings great difficulties to our life.

1．average adj.平均的；普通的；正(平)常的n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准v.平均为；计算出……的平均数
[一词多义]　写出下列句中average的词性及含义
①The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.adj.平均的
②It’s said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.n.平均数
③There was nothing special about the film — it was only average.adj.普通的
④The hotel averages 50 to 100 foreign guests daily.vt.平均为
[归纳拓展]
on average　　　　　　　　　 平均起来
above (the) average 在平均水平以上
below (the) average 在平均水平以下
up to (the) average 达到平均水平
⑤Tom’s work at school is above_(the)_average,_Jim’s below_(the)_average and Jack’s up_to_(the)_average.
汤姆的学习成绩属于中上水平，吉姆的学习成绩属中下水平，杰克的学习成绩属中等水平。
2．consequence n．结果；后果；影响
(1)as a consequence　　　　　　　　因此；结果
as a consequence of＝in consequence of
由于……的缘故
in consequence＝consequently 因此；结果
(2)consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①As a consequence (consequent), they can’t concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class.
②Consequently (consequent), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture.
③The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all.
补全句子
④It is reported that thousands of people lost their lives as_a_consequence_of the big forest fires in California.
据报道，成千上万的人因加州的森林大火而失去了生命。
3．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
(1)oppose sth./doing sth.　　　 反对(做)某事
oppose sb./sb.’s doing sth. 反对某人/某人做某事
(2)opposed adj. 反对的；对立的
be opposed to 反对……；与……对立(to为介词)
[题点全练]　单句语法填空
①The mayor is strongly opposed to building (build) a new hall, which may cost a lot of money.
②Her parents are opposed her (she) going abroad alone.
③However, many students and parents oppose separating (separate) students into science and art.
[名师指津]　表示“反对；不赞成”的表达还有：disagree with; disapprove of; be against; object to; hold negative attitudes towards等等。
4．result in导致
result from　　　　　 由……造成；因……而产生
as a result 结果
as a result of 由于……的结果
选词填空
①As_a_result,_I was chosen as a volunteer for the 13th National Games.(2017·天津高考书面表达)
②Now, as_a_result_of a part­time job, I needn’t ask my parents for money as before.
③They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result_in traffic jams.
④Misunderstandings resulting_from lack of social communication, if not handled properly, may lead to serious problems.
5．put up with容忍；忍受
[归纳拓展]
❶put off　　　　　　 延期；推迟
❷put out 熄灭；扑灭
❸put up 建造；张贴；供给……住宿；举起
❹put aside 节省；储蓄；把……放在一边
❺put away 收起来；放好
❻put forward 提出建议；把……向前拨
[应用领悟]
①A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.(2016·北京高考书面表达)
地球日前一周，校园里就张贴了海报，号召我们为更加绿色的地球一起行动起来。
②In that case, we will have to learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.
那样，我们就不得不学会忍受他的一些缺点并努力试图发现他的优点。
③A suggestion has been put forward that we should recycle the textbooks.
有人提出建议，我们应该循环利用教科书。
考点新组合
阅读微技能
Protecting the environment
As you can see, our government has taken a range❶ of measures to protect and improve our living surroundings. For example, a large quantity of laws has been made to reduce the carbon emission. As individuals, whatever comes about, we must protect our environment. As long as it is possible, living a low­carbon life is what we must do every day. Under no circumstances shall we give up our belief that❷ we can make this world a better place ________ (live)❸ in.
1.①处a range of意为“一系列的”，表达此意的短语还有“a_series_of;_a_variety_of;_a_lot_of;_a_chain_of”等。
2．②处的that在句中引导同位语从句。
3．③处应填词的正确形式为 to_live。

6．range n．种类；范围；幅度；界限v.(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列

(1)a wide range of　　　　　　 一系列……
within/in the range of 在……范围内
beyond one’s range 某人能力达不到的
(2)range from ... to ... 在……范围内变动
[多角练透]
单句语法填空
①The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants. (2017·北京高考)
②When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60 km/h and 120 km/h.
补全句子
③I have_a_wide_range_of_hobbies,_including reading, keeping diary, playing balls with friends and so on.
我的爱好广泛，包括读书、写日记、与朋友一起打球等等。
④The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond_our_range.
这栋房子的价格太高了，远远超过了我们能承受的范围。
7．quantity n．量；数量
a large/small quantity of　　　　 大/少量的
(large) quantities of 大量的
[题点全练]　单句语法填空
①A large quantity of money has_been_collected (collect) to help those suffering from the floods.
②In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which are (be) a major source of air pollution.
③Quantities (quantity) of food and tents were sent to earthquake­stricken areas from Shandong.
[名师指津]　含quantity的短语作主语时，其谓语动词与quantity的单复数保持一致。
8．circumstance n．环境；情况

under/in the circumstances　 在此情况下
under/in no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(位于句
首时，句子要用部分倒装)
[题点全练]　补全句子
①It might not be a perfect solution, but it’s the best I can do under/in_the_circumstances.
这也许不是一个完美的解决办法，但这是在此情况下我能做得最好的。
②Under no circumstances did_I_expect that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job.
当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有料到会遇到这么多问题。
9．come about发生；造成
[归纳拓展]
❶come on　　　　　　 快点；加油；得了吧
❷come to 合计；达到；恢复
❸come up 走近；上来；发生；被提及
❹come across 邂逅；偶遇
❺come up with 提出；想出；赶上
❻come into being 形成；产生
[应用领悟]
①Everything comes to him who waits.
功夫不负有心人。
②Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials.
我们班提出了更好地利用旧材料的想法。
③When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”．
读报时，我们常会遇到像“AIDS”和“PK”这样的英语单词。
[名师指津]　come about是不及物动词短语，不可用于被动语态和进行时态。
10．so/as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it — if not, turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
(1)as ... as的其他短语：
as well as　　　　　 也；和
as soon as 一……就……
as far as 就……而言；至于；直到
(2)引导条件状语从句的其他连词短语：
on condition that 如果；条件是
provided that 如果；条件是
in case that 如果；万一
only if 只要
①“Nothing is impossible to a willing heart”， as_long_as you have a dream, keep trying and you’ll make it, too.
“世上无难事，只怕有心人”，只要你有梦想，并坚持尝试，你也会成功。
②We can know more about the life of great people as_well_as history and cultures of other countries.
我们可以对伟人的生活及其他国家的历史和文化了解得更多。
③I told him he would succeed only_if he tried hard.
我告诉他，只要努力他就能成功。
[名师指津]　as long as 和so long as表示“只要”时没有区别，可以替换。as long as表示“与……一样长”时，多用于肯定句；否定句多用so long as。


[单元语基落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In response to the appeal, I have made some changes in my way of life, which ranges (range) from transportation to water saving.
2．Many citizens are opposed to pulling (pull) down the old building, because it dates back to the 16th century, which should be protected.
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)All students have two PE classes a week and run for an average of 20 minutes every day.
4．We should make teenagers realize the risk and consequence (consequent) of taking drugs by putting more safety education into textbooks.
5．In order to keep rivers and lakes clean and prevent water from being_polluted (pollute), we must do something to protect them.
6．Under these circumstances (circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitudes.
7．My deskmate is good, kind, hard­working and intelligent. On the whole, I can’t speak too highly of him.
8．My main reason for subscribing toNewScientist is to keep the pace of advances in science.
9．Barbara is in her late forties and has a tendency (tend) to complain about what she doesn’t feel content with.
10．In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones is increasing steadily (steady)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
come about， result in， put up with， subscribe to， on behalf of， quantities of， go up， even if， keep on， so long as
1．The old Chinese proverb “Don’t fail to do good even_if it’s small” teaches us how to be a good person in this world.
2．It was their encouragement and my own thinking that resulted_in my slow but steady progress.
3．With the housing price going_up,_more and more people advocate the government take more strict measures to lower property prices.
4．With my English teacher’s patient instructions, I kept_on learning, practising oral English for three months.
5．To get good jobs, they are willing to put_up_with many of the disadvantages of city life such as heavy traffic and pollution.
6．Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day so she subscribed_to the 21stCentury.
7．First of all, on_behalf_of all the members of our school, I’d like to express our heartfelt thanks to you and warmly welcome to our school.
8．In my opinion, there is no standard for success. So_long_as we do our best and achieve our goals, then that is success.
9．Up to now, large quantities_of food have been sent to Africa to save the starving people.
10．It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder how it came_about that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子
1．有梦想很好，只要他们不是幻想。 (so long as)
It’s good to have dreams, just so_long_as_they_are_not_fantasies.
2．即使有一天我一无所有，也不缺少从头再来的勇气。(even if)
Even_if_one_day_I_have_nothing,_I also do not lack the courage to start again.
3．对高三学生而言，毫无疑问，时间是有限的，甚至每一分钟都很宝贵。(doubt)
For Senior Three students, there_is_no_doubt_that_time_is_very_limited,_even a minute is of great value.
4．我的老师总是提醒我，一旦设定了学习目标，在任何情况下都不应该放弃。(circumstance)
My teacher always reminds me that under_no_circumstances_should_I_abandon my learning goals once I set them.
5．正是在得到他所梦寐以求的东西后他才意识到一切都不那么重要。(强调句式)
It_was_after_he_got_what_he_had_desired_that_he_realized_it_was_not_so_important.
Ⅳ.句型转换
1．We almost used up the supply of food and we felt helpless.
→The supply of food almost ran_out and we felt helpless.
2．His carelessness in the exam led to his complete failure.
→His carelessness in the exam resulted_in his complete failure.
3．The naughty boy continued talking loudly after the bell rang for class.
→The naughty boy kept_on talking loudly after the bell rang for class.
4．The old man couldn’t bear the noise, so he kept the window shut all day long.
→The old man couldn’t put_up_with the noise, so he kept the window shut all day long.
5．At first he was against the plan, but we managed to argue him into accepting it.
→At first he was_opposed_to the plan, but we managed to argue him into accepting it.
[高考拆组训练]
阅读理解组块专练——练速度
(限时：30分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In many parts of Africa, communities have electricity service that sometimes does not operate.And many rural (农村的) settlements are cut off from electricity producing centers.Therefore, off­grid (离网) solar power is becoming available to many communities.Off­grid solar energy is energy that is captured from the sun without being connected to a main electricity center.The International Energy Agency says more than 600 million people in Africa have no way to get electricity.New technology, however, could help solve this problem.
Lumos Global is among the companies offering solar energy services in Nigeria.The company's Chief Operating Officer, Nir Marom, says, “You need to put the system on the roof, and put the indoor unit in the home.There is a cable (电缆) to connect them.You don't need to be an electrician or anything like this.The sun charges the electricity, but you need to provide the credit to power the system up, and you do this using your mobile phone.” The price of off­grid solar energy systems has decreased sharply.Today, people can rent solar equipment for less than 50 cents a day.And they can pay for the electricity as they need it.
Senegal opened one of Africa's largest solar factories last year.The company paid for the construction of the solar factory in Senegal.A manager says a solar farm in Senegal can produce twice the amount of electricity that a farm of the same size in Britain or in northern France could produce.The International Energy Agency predicts that almost a billion people in sub­Saharan Africa will have on­grid electricity by 2040.But the agency says 50 million people will still be off­grid.Investors believe solar power could serve those people while also helping to reduce gases linked to climate change.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在非洲的许多地方，社区配有电力服务，不过有时候无法运行。并且，发电中心切断了许多村落的电力。幸运的是，新技术——离网太阳能可以解决这一问题。
1．Why is the off­grid solar power popular in Africa?
A．Many people have difficulty in getting electricity.
B．There is no electricity producing centers.
C．It's a fashion among the communities.
D．It's convenient to put the energy into use.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，在非洲很多地方人们都无法用上电，这使得off­grid solar power在非洲得以流行起来。
2．What does Nir Marom say about the off­grid solar energy system?
A．It's complex to change sunlight into energy.
B．It's simple to put the equipment in place.
C．It's beyond the reach of ordinary people.
D．It's free for people to use the system.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文中第二段Nir Marom所说“You don't need to be an electrician or anything like this.”可知，安装太阳能设备非常简单。
3．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．The solar energy system in Africa develops faster than that in Europe.
B．Half of the people in Africa have no access to electricity.
C．The usage of solar power is good for the environment.
D．All the people in Africa can use electricity by 2040.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，太阳能的使用不仅可以满足人们需要，还可以减少与气候变化有关的温室气体的排放。即太阳能的使用对环境有益。
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．This is the best way to get electricity
B．Africa is facing severe energy shortages
C．Solar electricity production grows in Africa
D．Off­grid solar energy is better than on­grid solar energy
解析：选C　标题归纳题。纵观全文，文章主要介绍了太阳能发电在非洲非常流行。
B
Arctic sea ice is melting faster than expected, and that means big changes in Earth's climate system.
That warning comes from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Its scientists are calling for the establishment of an Arctic observatory to help deal with possible dangerous changes resulting from the melting ice.
The WMO believes changes in the Arctic area are likely evidence of a coming disaster. It noted that temperatures around the world continue to rise. The next year is predicted to be the hottest year since modern record­keeping began 150 years ago.
The Arctic is warming at least two times as fast as the world average, the WMO said. The highest Arctic sea levels in March were said to be the lowest on record.
Petteri Taalas is the WMO's Secretary­General. He said that the changes in the climate were having a serious result. For example, he said, the tree line in mountain areas is moving upward. “There are also some species of animals who have difficulties in coping with these changes，” Taalas said. These include polar bears, Arctic seals, and even some birds. He said the changing climate will also have an effect on fisheries. Taalas also warned that the melting of the Arctic's frozen permafrost could release large amounts of greenhouse gases. Those gases are the ones that speed up the rise of temperatures.
But the melting of the Arctic sea ice is also opening up new transportation, travel and exploration possibilities. Taalas said that less ice could cut the time it takes for ships to sail between Europe and East Asia.
Opening the Arctic would also increase the risk of accidents in hazardous waters and oil spills. The cold, undeveloped environment is more difficult to clean up than other areas.
Taalas called for the establishment of an Arctic observatory to study, predict and react to climate change. He said this would keep transportation in Arctic waters safe.

5．What's the advantage of the melting Arctic sea ice according to the passage?
A．It prevents the greenhouse gases producing.
B．It will make summer not as hot as before.
C．An Arctic observatory needs to be set up.
D．It broadens traffic and science research.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“But the melting of the Arctic sea ice is also opening up new transportation, travel and exploration possibilities.”可知，北极冰川的融化扩大了交通和科学研究的领域。故选D。
6．What does the underlined word “hazardous” in Paragraph 7 mean?
A．Deep and freezing.　　 　　 B．Involving risk or danger.
C．Smooth and balanced. D．Safe and slow.
解析：选B　词义猜测题。画线词所在句中的“hazardous waters and oil spills”和下句中的“The cold, undeveloped environment”应属同一类环境。hazardous与“寒冷和未开发的”相对应，应意为“危险的”。故选B。
7．Where is the passage probably taken from?
A．A geography book. B．A school booklet.
C．A travel guide. D．A science report.
解析：选D　文章出处题。本文主要介绍了北极冰川加速融化及其带来的影响和应对措施，并且文中列举了相关人士的观点，因此本文可能出自科学报告。故选D。
C
We have a problem, and the strange thing is that we not only know about it, but also celebrate it. Just today, someone boasted to me that she was so busy she's averaged four hours of sleep a night for the last two weeks. She wasn't complaining; she was proud of the fact. She is not alone.
Why are typically rational people so irrational in their behavior? The answer is that we're in the midst of a bubble. I call it “The More Bubble”．
The nature of bubbles is that something is absurdly overvalued until — eventually — the bubble bursts, and we're left wondering why we were so irrationally animated in the first place. The thing we're overvaluing now is the opinion of doing it all, having it all, achieving it all.
This bubble is being enabled by a combination of three powerful trends: smartphones, social media, and extreme consumerism. The result is not just information overload, but opinion overload. We are more aware than at any time in history of what everyone else is doing and, therefore, what we should be doing. In the process, we have been sold a bill of goods: that success means being supermen and superwomen who can get it all done. Of course, we boasted about being busy — it's code for being successful and important.
And our answer to the problem of more is always more. We need more technology to help us create more technologies. We need to shift our workload to free up our own time to do yet even more.
Luckily, there is a solution to the pursuit of more: the pursuit of less, but better. A growing number of people are making this change. I call these people Essentialists.
These people are designing their lives around what is essential and removing everything else. These people arrange to have actual weekends (during which they are not working). They create technology­free zones in their homes. They trade time on Facebook with calling those few friends who really matter to them. Instead of running to different meetings, they put space on their calendars to get important work done.
So we have two choices: We can be among the last people caught up in “The More Bubble”， or we can join the growing community of Essentialists and get more of what matters in our one precious life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。受智能手机、社交媒体和极端消费主义的影响，许多人乐于说自己很忙，这掩盖了生活的本质。我们应当关注生活中最重要的部分，屏蔽那些无关紧要的事物。
8．When the woman said for two weeks she only slept for four hours a night, ________.
A．she was unsatisfied with her lifestyle
B．she was asking for suggestions
C．she took pride in doing so
D．she knew few people were like her
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“She wasn't complaining; she was proud of the fact.”可知，当这个女士说自己最近两周每晚只睡四个小时时，她对自己这样做感到自豪。故C项正确。
9．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The cause and result of “The More Bubble”．
B．The advantages of “The More Bubble”．
C．The solutions to “The More Bubble”．
D．The new trends of “The More Bubble”．
解析：选A　段落大意题。通读第四段可知，该段首先分析了“The More Bubble”的起因：受智能手机、社交媒体和极端消费主义的影响；接着又分析了“The More Bubble”的后果：信息太多、观点太多，吹嘘忙就是成功和重要的秘诀。故A项正确。
10．We can infer from the article that the author ________ “The More Bubble”．
A．is supportive of　　　　　　B．is undecided about
C．disapproves of D．wonders about
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“The result is not just information overload, but opinion overload.”并结合第四段内容可知，“The More Bubble”导致信息膨胀、观点泛滥，从而掩盖了真实的生活；据此可以判断，作者对此持反对态度。故C项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·杭州六校联考)There are so many things we do in our daily lives that have become a “habit”. __1__ How you answer the phone is a habit. The way you sit in the car when you drive is a habit. Have you ever tried to change the way you do something, after you've done it in a certain way for so long? It's not very easy to do. The minute your mind drifts to something else, you go right back to the old way of doing things. __2__ It's a way of doing things that has become routine or commonplace. To change an existing habit or form a new one can be a tedious task.
Let's pick something fairly easy to start with, like spending 15 minutes in the morning reading theBible. If you want to turn something into a habit that you do every day, you have to WANT to do it. __3__ Make a firm decision to do this on a daily basis.
Imprint it in your mind. Write several notes to yourself and put them in places where you will see them. By the alarm clock, on the bathroom mirror, on the refrigerator door, in your briefcase, and under your car keys are good places to start.
After the newness wears off, then you will have to remind yourself, “Hey, I forgot to ...” Keep using the notes if you have to, __4__ Some people say it will take over a month to solidify it and make it something you will do without having to think about it. I tend to agree with the last statement. Two to three weeks will help you to remember, but thirty days or more will make it a part of your everyday routine.__5__
A．What is a “habit” anyway?
B．Is doing things in an old way good?
C．Brushing your teeth is a habit.
D．Forming a bad habit is easy.
E．It takes 16 to 21 times of repeating a task to make it a habit.
F．If you don't, you will find a way to do everything but that.
G．That's something you won't necessarily have to think about before you do it — habit.

1．选C　根据空格上一句“There are so many things we do in our daily lives that have become a ‘habit'.”可知，我们日常所做的许多事情已经成了习惯；由空格下一句“How you answer the phone is a habit.”可知，接电话的方式也成了习惯；据此可以判断，空格处应列举日常生活中已经成为习惯的行为。C项“刷牙是一种习惯”紧密衔接上下文，符合语境。故C项正确。
2．选A　根据空格下一句“It's a way of doing things that has become routine or commonplace.”可知，该句阐述了习惯的定义；据此可以判断，空格处应提问“习惯是什么”。故A项正确。
3．选F　根据空格上一句“If you want to turn something into a habit that you do every day, you have to WANT to do it.”可知，如果你想将某件事变成你每天都要做的习惯行为，你就必须想要做它，此处强调的是想要做的重要性；据此可以判断，空格处应谈论如果你不想做会发生什么情况。故F项正确。
4．选E　根据空格下一句“Some people say it will take over a month to solidify it and make it something you will do without having to think about it.”可知，该处陈述的是养成习惯的一种方法。空格处应陈述养成习惯的另一种方法。E项中的“16 to 21 times”与下文中的“Two to three weeks”相照应。故E项正确。
5．选G　根据空格上一句“Two to three weeks will help you to remember, but thirty days or more will make it a part of your everyday routine.”并结合空格处所在的位置可知，空格处总结全文，再次阐述什么是习惯。G项“那是你在做之前不必考虑的事——习惯”符合文意。故G项正确。