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2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习外研全国版讲义：必修4Module1LifeintheFuture
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(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．brick n． 砖
2．concrete n. 混凝土
3．solar adj. 太阳的
4．landfill n. 垃圾填埋地
5．online adv. 联机地
6．catalogue n. 目录
7．recreation n. 娱乐；消遣
8．bowling n. 保龄球游戏
9．softball n. 垒球(运动)
10．flick n. 轻打；轻弹
11．surgery n. 外科手术
12．telesurgery n. 远距离手术
13．outpatient n. 门诊病人
14．clinic n. 诊所
15．spaceport n. 宇航基地
16．colony n. 殖民地
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．alternative adj. 替换的；供选择的
2．resource n. (常作复数)资源
3．material n. 材料
4．arrest vt. 逮捕；拘留
5．fire vt. 开火；启动
6．limit n. (常作复数)范围
7．outdoors adv. 户外
8．command n．[纵联1] 命令；指令
9．charge n. 费用；价钱
10．power vt. 供给动力
11．switch n. 开关
vi. 交换；调换
12．eventually adv. 最后；终于
13．shape vt. 造成……形状；塑造
14．urban adj. 都市的；城市的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．mud n．泥→muddy adj.多泥的；泥泞的
2．crime n．罪；罪行→criminal n．罪犯；犯人 adj.犯罪的
3．risky adj.危险的；冒险的→risk vt.& n．冒险[纵联2]
4．rely vi.依赖；依靠→reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的
5．load vt.装；装载→unload vt.卸载→upload vt.上传→download vt.下载
6．disability n．失去能力；伤残→disable vt.使人丧失能力；使残疾→disabled adj.有残疾的；伤残的[纵联3]
7．attach vt.系；贴；连接→attachment n．附件
8．optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的→optimism n．乐观；乐观主义[纵联4]
9．definitely adv.无疑地；确定地→definite adj.肯定的；确定的
10．predict vt.预言；预料→prediction n．预测
纵联1.“命令，指示”要记住
①command n．命令；指令 ②order n．& v．命令；秩序
③direction n．指示；用法说明 ④instruction n．指令；指示
纵联2.n.＋y＝adj.
①risk→risky危险的；冒险的 ②dirt→dirty肮脏的
③luck→lucky幸运的 ④noise→noisy喧闹的
⑤wind→windy多风的；有风的 ⑥sleep→sleepy困倦的
纵联3.名词后缀ity一览
①disability失去能力；伤残 ②possibility可能性
③equality平等 ④reality现实
⑤nationality国籍 ⑥security安全
⑦popularity受欢迎；普及；流行
纵联4.“乐观，悲观”选一选
①optimistic adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的
②optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义
③optimist n. 乐观主义者
④pessimistic adj. 悲观的
⑤pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义
⑥pessimist n. 悲观主义者
单元话题——未来生活
子话题1 生活住所
①flat n．公寓 ②bungalow n．平房
③roof n．屋顶；最高处 ④ceiling n．天花板
⑤balcony n．阳台 ⑥garage n．车库
⑦basement n．地下室 ⑧storey n．楼层
子话题2 家具及陈设
①decorate v．装饰；布置 ②cupboard n．碗柜；食橱
③drawer n．抽屉 ④couch n．睡椅；长沙发
⑤bookcase n．书柜 ⑥album n．相簿；唱片集
⑦armchair n．扶手椅 ⑧bench n．长凳；工作台
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2015·四川高考阅读B) Nothing could stop Dad.After he was put on ❶ (disable) for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family.He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.
And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for❷ manure (肥料)．
①用disable的正确形式填空：disability。able为形容词后缀，类似的单词还有comfortable, knowledgeable, reasonable等
②写出in exchange for在本单元中的近义词：switch
2．(2011·浙江高考阅读A) It's a problem that runs through the book.In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that ❶ (crime) use to defeat computerbased locking systems for cars.He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country.He says that once again not all new locks have proved ❷ (rely)．Perhaps, but maybe it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets.Or changing social circumstances.Or some combination of these factors.
The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex.It is shaped❸ by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in.Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.
①用crime的正确形式填空：criminals
②用rely的正确形式填空：reliable。rely on/upon意为“依赖；依靠”，同义表达还有depend on/upon等
③写出shape在句中的含义：塑造
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词补全/翻译句子)
1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)附在这个邮件中的是我为我的小组制订的训练计划，我希望你能读一下，看看它是否实用。(attach)
Attached_to_this_email is the training plan I have worked out for my team, which I hope you'll read to see if it's practical.
2．(2013·福建高考书面表达)当今，孩子们过多地依赖父母为他们做一切事情。(rely)
Nowadays_the_children_rely_more_on_their_parents_to_do_everything_for_them.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．alternative adj.替换的；供选择的 n．可能的选择；选择对象
[记牢]
(1)an alternative to ……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择
(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地；或者
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider an alternative to gasoline.
②If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own.
③Come with us, alternatively (alternative), meet us there.
一句多译
如果他今晚想去香港，除了坐飞机外别无选择。
④If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he has_no_alternative_but_to_go by air. (alternative)
⑤If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he has_no_choice_but_to_go by air. (choice)
⑥If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he can't_help_but_go by air. (help)
⑦If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he can't_choose_but_go by air. (choose)
[写美] 补全句子
⑧同时，我们应该提高人们的环保意识，尽可能多地使用替代能源。
Meanwhile, we should improve people's awareness of protecting the environment and use_as_many_alternative_energy_resources_as_possible.
[联想] “别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式：
①have no choice but to do ②can't (help) but do
③can't choose but do ④can do nothing but do
2．command n．[C]命令；指令；[U]掌握；指挥；控制 vt.命令；指挥
[记牢]
(1)at one's command 听某人支配
have a (good) command of 掌握；精通(尤指语言)
take command of 控制；担任……的指挥
(2)command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that ...(should) do ... 命令……做……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I'm at your command — what would you like me to do?
②If you do not serve others, you cannot take command of them.
句型转换
③The police commanded the witness to describe what had happened the day before.
→The police commanded that the witness (should)_describe_what_had_happened the day before.
[写美] 翻译句子
④(2015·陕西高考书面表达)另外，我对英语掌握得如此好以至于我被选为英语课代表。
Besides,_I_have_such_a_good_command_of_English_that_I_am_elected_as_assistant_to_my_English_teacher.
[联想] command后面跟从句时，从句谓语用(should＋) do/be done，具有相同的用法的动词有：
一坚持：insist
二命令：order, command
三建议：suggest, advise, recommend
四要求：demand, request, require, desire
再加一个敦促：urge
3．charge n．费用；价钱；主管；负责 v．收费；控诉；充电
[记牢]
(1)take charge of 掌管；负责
in charge of 控制；管理(表示主动)
in/under the charge of sb. 受某人的管理(表示被动)
free of charge＝for free 免费
(2)charge sb.for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb.with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb.of (doing) sth.
控告某人(做)某事
[练通]
单句语法填空
①The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels.
②How much did he charge you for repairing this pair of shoes?
补全句子
③With the ticket, you may get a French fries free_of_charge/for_free in KFC.
凭此券你可以在肯德基免费得到一份法式炸薯条。
一句多译
下周厂长不在时，我将负责整个工厂。
④I'll take_charge_of the whole factory next week when the director is away.
⑤I'll be in_charge_of the whole factory next week when the director is away.
⑥The whole factory will be in/under_the_charge_of_me next week when the director is away.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑦第三，我想知道六周课程的收费是多少。
Thirdly,_I_wonder_how_much_you_will_charge_us_for_the_sixweek_courses.
4．attach v．系；贴；连接；使附属；使隶属
[记牢]
(1)attach sth.to sth. 将某事物与另一事物相联系
attach oneself to sb./sth. 依附于某人；参加某事
attach importance/significance/value to 认为……有重要性/有意义/有价值
(2)attached adj. 附属的；依恋
be attached to 依恋；爱慕；留恋；附属于
[练通] 单句语法填空
①My parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education.
②One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card attached (attach) to the first page, giving me best wishes.
③Why did you attach yourself (you) to only one club when you want to learn more skills?
[用准] attach ...to ...中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。
[写美] 补全句子
④正如这句话所揭示的那样，我们青少年中的许多人对我们手机的重视程度超过了我们的朋友。
Just as this sentence reveals, many of us teenagers attach_much_more_importance_to our_phones_than_to_our_friends.
5．shape vt.造成……形状；塑造n.形状；体形
[记牢]
(1)shape ...into ... 把……加工/塑造成……
(2)be in good/bad shape 情况良好/不佳
out of shape 变/走样；不成样子；身体不舒服
in the shape of 某种形状的；呈……的形状
[练通]
单句语法填空
①A new road, shaped (shape) like an L, is being built in our hometown.
②The children enjoy shaping the snow into figures of people and animals.
③I'm in pretty bad shape and I am always forgetting things.
补全句子
④Look! The front part of the car is now totally out_of_shape due to the crash.
看！由于碰撞，这辆车的前部现在已经完全变形了。
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)有些剪纸被塑造成龙的形状，有些像蝴蝶和美丽的植物。
Some_papercutting_works_are_shaped_like_dragons,_some_butterflies_and_some _beautiful_plants.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I have this image of you as always being cheerful and optimistic (乐观的)．
2．Eventually (最终) your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.
3．Change is much easier when you have many supporting partners and unlimited resources (资源)．
4．A new series of simple English reading materials (材料) for middle school students has come out this year.
5．It is not a secret that spending time outdoors (户外) is good for us.
6．He switched (调换) from a back seat to a front one so that he could see clearly.
7．The lorry, loaded (装载) with bricks, broke down suddenly in the middle of the bridge.
8．Do you take seriously his prediction (预测) of a government defeat?
9．He wants to find out what young people think about the future of urban (城市的) life.
10．(2018·江苏高考)With these analyses in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have a alternative (供选择的) plan.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Loaning money to someone you don't trust is a risky (risk) business.
2．The man was_arrested (arrest) by the police because he stole a car yesterday.
3．Several small businesses combined to form a large powerful (power) company.
4．Being exposed to alcohol, whether for an adult or for a teenager, is definitely (definite) harmful from all aspects.
5．She is deaf, but refuses to let her disability (disable) prevent her from doing what she wants to do.
6．My brother bought a teapot shaped (shape) like a Chinese duck, the price of which was much lower than expected.
7．Not many people agree with the government's prediction (predict) that the economy will improve.
8．Most people would rather that criminal (crime) was sentenced to life in prison.
9．With the development of society, we are optimistic about our future life.
10．True friends are that kind of people who are reliable (rely) and worth trusting.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to become rich and famous.become→becoming
2．Who will take the charge of the company after the manager retires？去掉第一个the
3．The teacher gave a command that all the pupils gathered at once.gathered→(should)_gather
4．The doctor had no alternative but admit receiving bribery (贿赂)．but后加to
5．You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of the shape.去掉the
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1．没有人能够控制这种混乱的局势。(command)
Nobody can take_command_of_the_situation where everything is in a mess.
2．父母应该重视培养孩子良好的生活习惯。(attach)
Parents should attach_importance_to_developing children's good habits in life.
3．这座城市里所有的病人都在享受免费医疗。(charge)
All the patients are being treated free_of_charge in this city.
4．汤姆的生日蛋糕呈心形。(shape)
Tom's birthday cake was in_the_shape_of_a_heart.
5．你要么发言，要么保持沉默。(alternative)
You have_the_alternative_of_speaking or keeping quiet.
(一)课前自主学习
1．for_sure 肯定地
2．run_out (某物)用完；不多了；没有了
3．rely_on 依靠
4．get_rid_of 除掉；处理掉
5．place_an_order/orders 订购；下订单
6．free_of_charge 免费
7．use_up [串记1] 用完
8．look_out [串记2] 小心；当心
9．for_a_start 首先
10．on_the_way_out [串记3] 即将被淘汰；即将过时
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“v.＋up”短语荟萃
①use up用完 ②make up组成；弥补；编造
③pick up捡起，拾起；学到 ④speed up加速
⑤turn up出现，到场 ⑥link up联合，连接
串记2.“小心；当心”多留意
①look out小心；当心 ②watch out小心；提防
③take care注意；小心 ④be careful小心；细心
⑤be cautious小心；谨慎 ⑥mind out当心；注意
串记3.走在同一条路(way)上
①on the way out即将过时 ②on the way在路上
③in the way阻挡 ④in a way在某种程度上
⑤in any way无论如何 ⑥in no way决不
1．make predictions 做出预测
2．in the future 将来，未来
3．natural resources 自然资源
4．recycled materials 可回收的材料
5．alternative energy 可替代性能源
6．get married 结婚
7．have an effect on 对……有影响；产生效果
8．change one's life 改变某人的生活
1．Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no_matter_where they live.
每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。
2．I'm too busy enjoying my life now to_worry_about the future!
我现在忙于享受生活而无暇为未来担忧！
3．Not_all predictions come true.
并非所有的预言都会成为现实。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 完形中的短语(补全句子)
1．(2011·安徽高考完形填空) Along the way, I realized that I had_run_out_of (已经用完) résumés (简历)．Seeing this, the man stopped at his business partner's office to make me fifteen more copies.
2．(2011·广东高考完形填空) In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying_heavily_on (过于依赖) their teachers' directions.
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/词汇升级)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)最吸引我们的是他们免费给乒乓球球迷提供一些训练。
What attracts us most is that they offer some training to fans of table tennis free_of_charge.
2．(2018·江苏高考书面表达) In that case, it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.(用本单元中的短语升级句中加黑的词汇)place_an_order_for
3．(2018·北京高考书面表达) First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.(用本单元中的短语升级句中加黑的词汇)For_a_start
4．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)因此，无论我们什么时候去购物，我们都应该再考虑一下这些排名。(no matter＋疑问词)
Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings no_matter_when_we_go_shopping.
5．(2014·福建高考书面表达)这辆自行车看起来太重了，难以控制。(too ...to ...)
The bike seemed too_heavy_and_difficult_to_control.
6．(2014·山东高考写作)“有志者，事竟成”是一条古老的谚语，几乎每个人都知道，但不是所有人都能理解它。(not all表示部分否定)
“Where there is a will, there is a way” is an old proverb which almost everyone knows, but not_all_understand_it so well.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．run out (某物)用完；不多了；没有了
[记牢]
run out of 用完；耗尽
use up 用完；耗尽
give out 用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追踪
run into 撞上；偶然碰见
[练通] 选用上述短语填空
①The taxi ran_into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.
②We have already run_out_of/used_up our money and I don't know what to do next.
③I ran_across/into an old friend of mine in the street, whom I haven't seen for years.
④Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running_out/giving_out.We must act immediately before there's none left.
[辨清] run out of, run out, use up, give out
run out of/
use up
及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人
run out/give out
不及物动词短语，主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等。无被动形式，常用进行式表将来
[写美] 补全句子
⑤(2016·10月浙江高考写作)耗尽了精力和耐心，简放弃了在小溪边散步，然后就睡着了。
Running_out_of_energy_and_patience,_Jane gave up her walking along the stream and fell to sleep.
2．rely on依靠；依赖；相信；指望
[记牢]
(1)rely on/upon sb./sth. 指望某人/某事(物)
rely on sb.to do sth. 指望/相信某人做某事
rely on one's doing sth. 指望/相信/依赖某人做某事
rely on it that ... 相信……；指望……
(2)reliable adj. 可依靠的；可信赖的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①To be honest, he is not a man who can be_relied (rely) on.
②Many people now would rely on surfing the Internet rather than read newspapers for news.
③My friend is a reliable (rely) person, and you can turn to him for help.
句型转换
④We rely on his finishing the work today.
→We rely on him_to_finish the work today.
→We rely on it_that_he_will_finish the work today.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤虽然广告有很大的帮助，但我认为我们不应该完全依赖它们。
Although advertisements are of great help, I don't think we should entirely_rely_on_them.
[联想] rely on的同义短语有：depend on/upon；count on/upon等。
[句式集释]
1．too ...to do sth.“太……而不能做某事”
[教材原句] I'm too busy enjoying my life now to_worry_about the future!
[悟拓展例句]
(1)He is still too_young_to_know the hardship of life.
他年龄太小，还不懂得生活的艰辛。
(2)As far as I know, they are too_anxious_to_leave.
据我所知，他们急于离开。
(3)(2018·北京高考)One is never_too_old_to_learn.
活到老，学到老。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)too ...to do sth.表示“太……而不能做某事”。
(2)某些形容词与“too ...to ...”结构连用时，too (＝very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad, pleased, surprised, delighted, happy, willing, ready, eager, anxious等。
(3)“too ...to ...”结构和never, not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。
注意事项
too ...to结构表示否定意义时，可以用not ...enough to和so ...that句式改写。
[背写作佳句]
(1)Worst of all, we may be too nervous to write down any answers.(要点句)
最糟糕的是，我们或许会太紧张而不能写下任何答案。
(2)You are never too late to learn English.(要点句)
学英语永远不会晚。
2．not all表示部分否定
[教材原句] Not_all predictions come true.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them aren't fit for the jobs.
＝It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not_all_of_them are fit for the jobs.
并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为不是所有人都能胜任这些工作。
(2)Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it.
[谚]世上无难事，只怕有心人。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)英语中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”。
(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
[背写作佳句]
(1)A recent survey shows that not all the students in our school take physical exercise in their spare time.(开头句)
(2)(2018·浙江高考写作) Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing seemed better than that.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
place an order， for sure， free of charge， run out， get rid of， on the way out， use up， rely on
1．Having walked in the desert for several days, we felt exhausted, but we had to find a pool before water in the bottle ran_out.
2．You'd better not buy this cellphone, because it is on_the_way_out.
3．Once you pick up the bad habit of staying up too late, you will find it very difficult to get_rid_of it.
4．Jack is the right person you can rely_on to carry on the research when you are on vacation for the next two weeks.
5．If humans use_up all the mineral resources on the earth, what will become of the next generation?
6．One thing is for_sure,_Johnson won't give up his dream no matter how difficult it is on the way to success.
7．Sometimes, the entrance tickets are available free_of_charge from the university.
8．If you have decided which bike to buy, you can place_an_order for it on the Internet and we will send it right to your home.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．首先，我们从那些杂乱的共享自行车开始，试着把它们整理好。 (start)
For_a_start,_we began with those messy shared bikes there and tried to put them in order.
2．当世界用完了石油将用什么做能源呢？(run out)
What will the world use for power when it has_run_out_of_oil?
3．我同意你所说的大部分内容，但是我并不是同意全部内容。(部分否定)
I agree with most of what you said, but I don't_agree_with_everything.
4．无论你在哪里工作，你都能找到时间学习。(no matter＋疑问词)
No_matter_where_you_work,_you can always find time to study.
5．听到这个好消息，我太激动了以至于无法控制泪水。(too ...to ...)
Hearing the good news, I was too_excited_to_hold_back my tears.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华，主题为“未来生活”的演讲比赛，即“中学生英语能力竞赛(English Proficiency Competition for Middle School Students)”将在你校举行。请你根据以下提示，以学生会的名义，给全体学生写一则通知。要点包括：
1．比赛时间和地点；
2．比赛内容及参加比赛的选手和评委；
3．欢迎参加比赛。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于应用文中的通知，时态为一般将来时，人称为第三人称。文章共分三个层次：开头应直入主题，即介绍比赛的名称、时间、地点(要点1)；接着介绍比赛内容及参加比赛的选手和评委(要点2)；结尾为欢迎参加比赛(要点3)。要点的表达要力求准确，也要学会灵活表达，避免生硬的翻译。要点2需要进行细化处理，如比赛内容是什么，选手是谁，评委是谁。要点3表示欢迎时可以从参加活动的收获上进行表达。
要点1：我们很高兴地通知你们，中学生英语能力竞赛将于下周三上午在我校的演讲大厅举行。(被动语态)
We_are_glad_to_inform_you_that_English_Proficiency_Competition_for_Middle_School_Students_is_to_be_held_in_the_lecture_hall_of_our_school_next_Wednesday_morning.
要点2－①：来自每个班级的每个参赛者将会聚集在一起，并就既定的主题——“未来生活”发表他们的演讲。(deliver)
Each_competitor_from_each_class_will_gather_together_and_deliver_their_speeches_on_the_given_topic_—_Future_Life.
要点2－②：一些有经验的英语教师将被邀请担任评委并发表评论。(remark)
Some_experienced_English_teachers_will_be_invited_to_be_judges_and_make_remarks.
要点3－①：欢迎参加这次比赛。
Welcome_to_attend_this_competition.
要点3－②：与一些评委和优秀的英语学习者交流思想是一种宝贵的经验。
It_would_be_a_valuable_experience_to_exchange_ideas_with_some_judges_and_excellent_English_learners.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度的拓展和升级。例如，要点2－①可以增加“演讲比赛的时长”(它将从上午8：30开始，持续大约3个半小时)，并用“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句来升级；要点2－②介绍“评委”可以补加定语“我们学校英语系的”，“发表评论”也可以补加“关于选手的表现”。
拓展要点2－①：它将从上午8：30开始，持续大约3个半小时，在这段时间里，来自每个班级的每个参赛者将会聚集在一起，并就既定的主题——“未来生活”发表他们的演讲。(介词＋which)
It_will_start_at_8：30_a．m.and_last_about_three_and_a_half_hours,_during_which_time_each_competitor_from_each_class_will_gather_together_and_deliver_their_speeches_on_the_given_topic_—_Future_Life.
拓展要点2－②：我们学校英语系的一些有经验的英语教师将被邀请担任评委，并就选手的表现发表评论。(English Deparment，介词短语作定语)
Some_experienced_English_teachers_in_the_English_Department_of_our_school_will_be_invited_to_be_judges_and_make_remarks_on_the_performance_of_the_competitors.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文写作可以分两段，即首段介绍通知的内容和比赛内容及参加比赛的选手和评委，尾段提出欢迎参加。要点1和要点2可以用连接词and进行内部整合；在尾段提出欢迎参加时，可以用besides进行连接；最后用“Don't miss it.”再次提醒全体学生不要错过。
NOTICE
We_are_glad_to_inform_you_that_English_Proficiency_Competition_for_Middle_School_Students_is_to_be_held_in_the_lecture_hall_of_our_school_next_Wednesday_morning.It_will_start_at_8：30_a．m.and_last_about_three_and_a_half_hours,_during_which_time_each_competitor_from_each_class_will_gather_together_and_deliver_their_speeches_on_the_given_topic_—_Future_Life.And_some_experienced_English_teachers_in_the_English_Department_of_our_school_will_be_invited_to_be_judges_and_make_remarks_on_the_performance_of_the_competitors.
Welcome_to_attend_this_competition.Besides,_it_would_be_a_valuable_experience_to_exchange_ideas_with_some_judges_and_excellent_English_learners.Don't_miss_it.
The_Students'_Union
理清段落结构之(一) 并列
并列式段落往往是列举两个事物或一个事物在不同情况下的相同或不同之处。利用这种段落结构可速判阅读七选五题型中的标题类题目，对把握文章主旨、理解全文大意至关重要。
[高考典例1] 2016·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读七选五节选
并列关系
● 17
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants， flowers， patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 18(E) .However， there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall (回忆) your childhood memories
…
根据并列的段落标题，可知17题应为祈使句，可初步断定为A、B选项，由该段倒数第二句可知此题应选A项。
A．Know why you garden
B．Find a good place for your own garden
C．It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D．It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
[高考典例2] 2012·辽宁卷·C篇
In the past two decades， the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently， the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art， history and philosophy (哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States， at the same time， are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.
So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.
Today China attracts the West more than ever， and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.
As for the old thinker， he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West， even if his birthday is.
总结出
孔子和中国文化对西方的影响。
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．brick n． 砖
2．concrete n. 混凝土
3．solar adj. 太阳的
4．landfill n. 垃圾填埋地
5．online adv. 联机地
6．catalogue n. 目录
7．recreation n. 娱乐；消遣
8．bowling n. 保龄球游戏
9．softball n. 垒球(运动)
10．flick n. 轻打；轻弹
11．surgery n. 外科手术
12．telesurgery n. 远距离手术
13．outpatient n. 门诊病人
14．clinic n. 诊所
15．spaceport n. 宇航基地
16．colony n. 殖民地
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．alternative adj. 替换的；供选择的
2．resource n. (常作复数)资源
3．material n. 材料
4．arrest vt. 逮捕；拘留
5．fire vt. 开火；启动
6．limit n. (常作复数)范围
7．outdoors adv. 户外
8．command n．[纵联1] 命令；指令
9．charge n. 费用；价钱
10．power vt. 供给动力
11．switch n. 开关
vi. 交换；调换
12．eventually adv. 最后；终于
13．shape vt. 造成……形状；塑造
14．urban adj. 都市的；城市的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．mud n．泥→muddy adj.多泥的；泥泞的
2．crime n．罪；罪行→criminal n．罪犯；犯人 adj.犯罪的
3．risky adj.危险的；冒险的→risk vt.& n．冒险[纵联2]
4．rely vi.依赖；依靠→reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的
5．load vt.装；装载→unload vt.卸载→upload vt.上传→download vt.下载
6．disability n．失去能力；伤残→disable vt.使人丧失能力；使残疾→disabled adj.有残疾的；伤残的[纵联3]
7．attach vt.系；贴；连接→attachment n．附件
8．optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的→optimism n．乐观；乐观主义[纵联4]
9．definitely adv.无疑地；确定地→definite adj.肯定的；确定的
10．predict vt.预言；预料→prediction n．预测
纵联1.“命令，指示”要记住
①command n．命令；指令 ②order n．& v．命令；秩序
③direction n．指示；用法说明 ④instruction n．指令；指示
纵联2.n.＋y＝adj.
①risk→risky危险的；冒险的 ②dirt→dirty肮脏的
③luck→lucky幸运的 ④noise→noisy喧闹的
⑤wind→windy多风的；有风的 ⑥sleep→sleepy困倦的
纵联3.名词后缀ity一览
①disability失去能力；伤残 ②possibility可能性
③equality平等 ④reality现实
⑤nationality国籍 ⑥security安全
⑦popularity受欢迎；普及；流行
纵联4.“乐观，悲观”选一选
①optimistic adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的
②optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义
③optimist n. 乐观主义者
④pessimistic adj. 悲观的
⑤pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义
⑥pessimist n. 悲观主义者
单元话题——未来生活
子话题1 生活住所
①flat n．公寓 ②bungalow n．平房
③roof n．屋顶；最高处 ④ceiling n．天花板
⑤balcony n．阳台 ⑥garage n．车库
⑦basement n．地下室 ⑧storey n．楼层
子话题2 家具及陈设
①decorate v．装饰；布置 ②cupboard n．碗柜；食橱
③drawer n．抽屉 ④couch n．睡椅；长沙发
⑤bookcase n．书柜 ⑥album n．相簿；唱片集
⑦armchair n．扶手椅 ⑧bench n．长凳；工作台
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2015·四川高考阅读B) Nothing could stop Dad.After he was put on ❶ (disable) for a bad back, he bought a small farm in the country, just enough to grow food for the family.He planted vegetables, fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.
And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for❷ manure (肥料)．
①用disable的正确形式填空：disability。able为形容词后缀，类似的单词还有comfortable, knowledgeable, reasonable等
②写出in exchange for在本单元中的近义词：switch
2．(2011·浙江高考阅读A) It's a problem that runs through the book.In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that ❶ (crime) use to defeat computerbased locking systems for cars.He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country.He says that once again not all new locks have proved ❷ (rely)．Perhaps, but maybe it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets.Or changing social circumstances.Or some combination of these factors.
The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex.It is shaped❸ by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in.Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.
①用crime的正确形式填空：criminals
②用rely的正确形式填空：reliable。rely on/upon意为“依赖；依靠”，同义表达还有depend on/upon等
③写出shape在句中的含义：塑造
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词补全/翻译句子)
1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)附在这个邮件中的是我为我的小组制订的训练计划，我希望你能读一下，看看它是否实用。(attach)
Attached_to_this_email is the training plan I have worked out for my team, which I hope you'll read to see if it's practical.
2．(2013·福建高考书面表达)当今，孩子们过多地依赖父母为他们做一切事情。(rely)
Nowadays_the_children_rely_more_on_their_parents_to_do_everything_for_them.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．alternative adj.替换的；供选择的 n．可能的选择；选择对象
[记牢]
(1)an alternative to ……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择
(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地；或者
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider an alternative to gasoline.
②If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own.
③Come with us, alternatively (alternative), meet us there.
一句多译
如果他今晚想去香港，除了坐飞机外别无选择。
④If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he has_no_alternative_but_to_go by air. (alternative)
⑤If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he has_no_choice_but_to_go by air. (choice)
⑥If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he can't_help_but_go by air. (help)
⑦If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he can't_choose_but_go by air. (choose)
[写美] 补全句子
⑧同时，我们应该提高人们的环保意识，尽可能多地使用替代能源。
Meanwhile, we should improve people's awareness of protecting the environment and use_as_many_alternative_energy_resources_as_possible.
[联想] “别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式：
①have no choice but to do ②can't (help) but do
③can't choose but do ④can do nothing but do
2．command n．[C]命令；指令；[U]掌握；指挥；控制 vt.命令；指挥
[记牢]
(1)at one's command 听某人支配
have a (good) command of 掌握；精通(尤指语言)
take command of 控制；担任……的指挥
(2)command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that ...(should) do ... 命令……做……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I'm at your command — what would you like me to do?
②If you do not serve others, you cannot take command of them.
句型转换
③The police commanded the witness to describe what had happened the day before.
→The police commanded that the witness (should)_describe_what_had_happened the day before.
[写美] 翻译句子
④(2015·陕西高考书面表达)另外，我对英语掌握得如此好以至于我被选为英语课代表。
Besides,_I_have_such_a_good_command_of_English_that_I_am_elected_as_assistant_to_my_English_teacher.
[联想] command后面跟从句时，从句谓语用(should＋) do/be done，具有相同的用法的动词有：
一坚持：insist
二命令：order, command
三建议：suggest, advise, recommend
四要求：demand, request, require, desire
再加一个敦促：urge
3．charge n．费用；价钱；主管；负责 v．收费；控诉；充电
[记牢]
(1)take charge of 掌管；负责
in charge of 控制；管理(表示主动)
in/under the charge of sb. 受某人的管理(表示被动)
free of charge＝for free 免费
(2)charge sb.for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb.with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb.of (doing) sth.
控告某人(做)某事
[练通]
单句语法填空
①The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels.
②How much did he charge you for repairing this pair of shoes?
补全句子
③With the ticket, you may get a French fries free_of_charge/for_free in KFC.
凭此券你可以在肯德基免费得到一份法式炸薯条。
一句多译
下周厂长不在时，我将负责整个工厂。
④I'll take_charge_of the whole factory next week when the director is away.
⑤I'll be in_charge_of the whole factory next week when the director is away.
⑥The whole factory will be in/under_the_charge_of_me next week when the director is away.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑦第三，我想知道六周课程的收费是多少。
Thirdly,_I_wonder_how_much_you_will_charge_us_for_the_sixweek_courses.
4．attach v．系；贴；连接；使附属；使隶属
[记牢]
(1)attach sth.to sth. 将某事物与另一事物相联系
attach oneself to sb./sth. 依附于某人；参加某事
attach importance/significance/value to 认为……有重要性/有意义/有价值
(2)attached adj. 附属的；依恋
be attached to 依恋；爱慕；留恋；附属于
[练通] 单句语法填空
①My parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education.
②One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card attached (attach) to the first page, giving me best wishes.
③Why did you attach yourself (you) to only one club when you want to learn more skills?
[用准] attach ...to ...中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。
[写美] 补全句子
④正如这句话所揭示的那样，我们青少年中的许多人对我们手机的重视程度超过了我们的朋友。
Just as this sentence reveals, many of us teenagers attach_much_more_importance_to our_phones_than_to_our_friends.
5．shape vt.造成……形状；塑造n.形状；体形
[记牢]
(1)shape ...into ... 把……加工/塑造成……
(2)be in good/bad shape 情况良好/不佳
out of shape 变/走样；不成样子；身体不舒服
in the shape of 某种形状的；呈……的形状
[练通]
单句语法填空
①A new road, shaped (shape) like an L, is being built in our hometown.
②The children enjoy shaping the snow into figures of people and animals.
③I'm in pretty bad shape and I am always forgetting things.
补全句子
④Look! The front part of the car is now totally out_of_shape due to the crash.
看！由于碰撞，这辆车的前部现在已经完全变形了。
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)有些剪纸被塑造成龙的形状，有些像蝴蝶和美丽的植物。
Some_papercutting_works_are_shaped_like_dragons,_some_butterflies_and_some _beautiful_plants.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I have this image of you as always being cheerful and optimistic (乐观的)．
2．Eventually (最终) your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult.
3．Change is much easier when you have many supporting partners and unlimited resources (资源)．
4．A new series of simple English reading materials (材料) for middle school students has come out this year.
5．It is not a secret that spending time outdoors (户外) is good for us.
6．He switched (调换) from a back seat to a front one so that he could see clearly.
7．The lorry, loaded (装载) with bricks, broke down suddenly in the middle of the bridge.
8．Do you take seriously his prediction (预测) of a government defeat?
9．He wants to find out what young people think about the future of urban (城市的) life.
10．(2018·江苏高考)With these analyses in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have a alternative (供选择的) plan.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Loaning money to someone you don't trust is a risky (risk) business.
2．The man was_arrested (arrest) by the police because he stole a car yesterday.
3．Several small businesses combined to form a large powerful (power) company.
4．Being exposed to alcohol, whether for an adult or for a teenager, is definitely (definite) harmful from all aspects.
5．She is deaf, but refuses to let her disability (disable) prevent her from doing what she wants to do.
6．My brother bought a teapot shaped (shape) like a Chinese duck, the price of which was much lower than expected.
7．Not many people agree with the government's prediction (predict) that the economy will improve.
8．Most people would rather that criminal (crime) was sentenced to life in prison.
9．With the development of society, we are optimistic about our future life.
10．True friends are that kind of people who are reliable (rely) and worth trusting.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to become rich and famous.become→becoming
2．Who will take the charge of the company after the manager retires？去掉第一个the
3．The teacher gave a command that all the pupils gathered at once.gathered→(should)_gather
4．The doctor had no alternative but admit receiving bribery (贿赂)．but后加to
5．You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of the shape.去掉the
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1．没有人能够控制这种混乱的局势。(command)
Nobody can take_command_of_the_situation where everything is in a mess.
2．父母应该重视培养孩子良好的生活习惯。(attach)
Parents should attach_importance_to_developing children's good habits in life.
3．这座城市里所有的病人都在享受免费医疗。(charge)
All the patients are being treated free_of_charge in this city.
4．汤姆的生日蛋糕呈心形。(shape)
Tom's birthday cake was in_the_shape_of_a_heart.
5．你要么发言，要么保持沉默。(alternative)
You have_the_alternative_of_speaking or keeping quiet.
(一)课前自主学习
1．for_sure 肯定地
2．run_out (某物)用完；不多了；没有了
3．rely_on 依靠
4．get_rid_of 除掉；处理掉
5．place_an_order/orders 订购；下订单
6．free_of_charge 免费
7．use_up [串记1] 用完
8．look_out [串记2] 小心；当心
9．for_a_start 首先
10．on_the_way_out [串记3] 即将被淘汰；即将过时
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“v.＋up”短语荟萃
①use up用完 ②make up组成；弥补；编造
③pick up捡起，拾起；学到 ④speed up加速
⑤turn up出现，到场 ⑥link up联合，连接
串记2.“小心；当心”多留意
①look out小心；当心 ②watch out小心；提防
③take care注意；小心 ④be careful小心；细心
⑤be cautious小心；谨慎 ⑥mind out当心；注意
串记3.走在同一条路(way)上
①on the way out即将过时 ②on the way在路上
③in the way阻挡 ④in a way在某种程度上
⑤in any way无论如何 ⑥in no way决不
1．make predictions 做出预测
2．in the future 将来，未来
3．natural resources 自然资源
4．recycled materials 可回收的材料
5．alternative energy 可替代性能源
6．get married 结婚
7．have an effect on 对……有影响；产生效果
8．change one's life 改变某人的生活
1．Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no_matter_where they live.
每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。
2．I'm too busy enjoying my life now to_worry_about the future!
我现在忙于享受生活而无暇为未来担忧！
3．Not_all predictions come true.
并非所有的预言都会成为现实。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 完形中的短语(补全句子)
1．(2011·安徽高考完形填空) Along the way, I realized that I had_run_out_of (已经用完) résumés (简历)．Seeing this, the man stopped at his business partner's office to make me fifteen more copies.
2．(2011·广东高考完形填空) In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying_heavily_on (过于依赖) their teachers' directions.
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/词汇升级)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)最吸引我们的是他们免费给乒乓球球迷提供一些训练。
What attracts us most is that they offer some training to fans of table tennis free_of_charge.
2．(2018·江苏高考书面表达) In that case, it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.(用本单元中的短语升级句中加黑的词汇)place_an_order_for
3．(2018·北京高考书面表达) First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.(用本单元中的短语升级句中加黑的词汇)For_a_start
4．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)因此，无论我们什么时候去购物，我们都应该再考虑一下这些排名。(no matter＋疑问词)
Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings no_matter_when_we_go_shopping.
5．(2014·福建高考书面表达)这辆自行车看起来太重了，难以控制。(too ...to ...)
The bike seemed too_heavy_and_difficult_to_control.
6．(2014·山东高考写作)“有志者，事竟成”是一条古老的谚语，几乎每个人都知道，但不是所有人都能理解它。(not all表示部分否定)
“Where there is a will, there is a way” is an old proverb which almost everyone knows, but not_all_understand_it so well.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．run out (某物)用完；不多了；没有了
[记牢]
run out of 用完；耗尽
use up 用完；耗尽
give out 用完；耗尽；筋疲力尽
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追踪
run into 撞上；偶然碰见
[练通] 选用上述短语填空
①The taxi ran_into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.
②We have already run_out_of/used_up our money and I don't know what to do next.
③I ran_across/into an old friend of mine in the street, whom I haven't seen for years.
④Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running_out/giving_out.We must act immediately before there's none left.
[辨清] run out of, run out, use up, give out
run out of/
use up
及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人
run out/give out
不及物动词短语，主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等。无被动形式，常用进行式表将来
[写美] 补全句子
⑤(2016·10月浙江高考写作)耗尽了精力和耐心，简放弃了在小溪边散步，然后就睡着了。
Running_out_of_energy_and_patience,_Jane gave up her walking along the stream and fell to sleep.
2．rely on依靠；依赖；相信；指望
[记牢]
(1)rely on/upon sb./sth. 指望某人/某事(物)
rely on sb.to do sth. 指望/相信某人做某事
rely on one's doing sth. 指望/相信/依赖某人做某事
rely on it that ... 相信……；指望……
(2)reliable adj. 可依靠的；可信赖的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①To be honest, he is not a man who can be_relied (rely) on.
②Many people now would rely on surfing the Internet rather than read newspapers for news.
③My friend is a reliable (rely) person, and you can turn to him for help.
句型转换
④We rely on his finishing the work today.
→We rely on him_to_finish the work today.
→We rely on it_that_he_will_finish the work today.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤虽然广告有很大的帮助，但我认为我们不应该完全依赖它们。
Although advertisements are of great help, I don't think we should entirely_rely_on_them.
[联想] rely on的同义短语有：depend on/upon；count on/upon等。
[句式集释]
1．too ...to do sth.“太……而不能做某事”
[教材原句] I'm too busy enjoying my life now to_worry_about the future!
[悟拓展例句]
(1)He is still too_young_to_know the hardship of life.
他年龄太小，还不懂得生活的艰辛。
(2)As far as I know, they are too_anxious_to_leave.
据我所知，他们急于离开。
(3)(2018·北京高考)One is never_too_old_to_learn.
活到老，学到老。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)too ...to do sth.表示“太……而不能做某事”。
(2)某些形容词与“too ...to ...”结构连用时，too (＝very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad, pleased, surprised, delighted, happy, willing, ready, eager, anxious等。
(3)“too ...to ...”结构和never, not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分；越……越好”。
注意事项
too ...to结构表示否定意义时，可以用not ...enough to和so ...that句式改写。
[背写作佳句]
(1)Worst of all, we may be too nervous to write down any answers.(要点句)
最糟糕的是，我们或许会太紧张而不能写下任何答案。
(2)You are never too late to learn English.(要点句)
学英语永远不会晚。
2．not all表示部分否定
[教材原句] Not_all predictions come true.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them aren't fit for the jobs.
＝It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not_all_of_them are fit for the jobs.
并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为不是所有人都能胜任这些工作。
(2)Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it.
[谚]世上无难事，只怕有心人。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)英语中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”。
(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
[背写作佳句]
(1)A recent survey shows that not all the students in our school take physical exercise in their spare time.(开头句)
(2)(2018·浙江高考写作) Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing seemed better than that.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
place an order， for sure， free of charge， run out， get rid of， on the way out， use up， rely on
1．Having walked in the desert for several days, we felt exhausted, but we had to find a pool before water in the bottle ran_out.
2．You'd better not buy this cellphone, because it is on_the_way_out.
3．Once you pick up the bad habit of staying up too late, you will find it very difficult to get_rid_of it.
4．Jack is the right person you can rely_on to carry on the research when you are on vacation for the next two weeks.
5．If humans use_up all the mineral resources on the earth, what will become of the next generation?
6．One thing is for_sure,_Johnson won't give up his dream no matter how difficult it is on the way to success.
7．Sometimes, the entrance tickets are available free_of_charge from the university.
8．If you have decided which bike to buy, you can place_an_order for it on the Internet and we will send it right to your home.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．首先，我们从那些杂乱的共享自行车开始，试着把它们整理好。 (start)
For_a_start,_we began with those messy shared bikes there and tried to put them in order.
2．当世界用完了石油将用什么做能源呢？(run out)
What will the world use for power when it has_run_out_of_oil?
3．我同意你所说的大部分内容，但是我并不是同意全部内容。(部分否定)
I agree with most of what you said, but I don't_agree_with_everything.
4．无论你在哪里工作，你都能找到时间学习。(no matter＋疑问词)
No_matter_where_you_work,_you can always find time to study.
5．听到这个好消息，我太激动了以至于无法控制泪水。(too ...to ...)
Hearing the good news, I was too_excited_to_hold_back my tears.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华，主题为“未来生活”的演讲比赛，即“中学生英语能力竞赛(English Proficiency Competition for Middle School Students)”将在你校举行。请你根据以下提示，以学生会的名义，给全体学生写一则通知。要点包括：
1．比赛时间和地点；
2．比赛内容及参加比赛的选手和评委；
3．欢迎参加比赛。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于应用文中的通知，时态为一般将来时，人称为第三人称。文章共分三个层次：开头应直入主题，即介绍比赛的名称、时间、地点(要点1)；接着介绍比赛内容及参加比赛的选手和评委(要点2)；结尾为欢迎参加比赛(要点3)。要点的表达要力求准确，也要学会灵活表达，避免生硬的翻译。要点2需要进行细化处理，如比赛内容是什么，选手是谁，评委是谁。要点3表示欢迎时可以从参加活动的收获上进行表达。
要点1：我们很高兴地通知你们，中学生英语能力竞赛将于下周三上午在我校的演讲大厅举行。(被动语态)
We_are_glad_to_inform_you_that_English_Proficiency_Competition_for_Middle_School_Students_is_to_be_held_in_the_lecture_hall_of_our_school_next_Wednesday_morning.
要点2－①：来自每个班级的每个参赛者将会聚集在一起，并就既定的主题——“未来生活”发表他们的演讲。(deliver)
Each_competitor_from_each_class_will_gather_together_and_deliver_their_speeches_on_the_given_topic_—_Future_Life.
要点2－②：一些有经验的英语教师将被邀请担任评委并发表评论。(remark)
Some_experienced_English_teachers_will_be_invited_to_be_judges_and_make_remarks.
要点3－①：欢迎参加这次比赛。
Welcome_to_attend_this_competition.
要点3－②：与一些评委和优秀的英语学习者交流思想是一种宝贵的经验。
It_would_be_a_valuable_experience_to_exchange_ideas_with_some_judges_and_excellent_English_learners.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度的拓展和升级。例如，要点2－①可以增加“演讲比赛的时长”(它将从上午8：30开始，持续大约3个半小时)，并用“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句来升级；要点2－②介绍“评委”可以补加定语“我们学校英语系的”，“发表评论”也可以补加“关于选手的表现”。
拓展要点2－①：它将从上午8：30开始，持续大约3个半小时，在这段时间里，来自每个班级的每个参赛者将会聚集在一起，并就既定的主题——“未来生活”发表他们的演讲。(介词＋which)
It_will_start_at_8：30_a．m.and_last_about_three_and_a_half_hours,_during_which_time_each_competitor_from_each_class_will_gather_together_and_deliver_their_speeches_on_the_given_topic_—_Future_Life.
拓展要点2－②：我们学校英语系的一些有经验的英语教师将被邀请担任评委，并就选手的表现发表评论。(English Deparment，介词短语作定语)
Some_experienced_English_teachers_in_the_English_Department_of_our_school_will_be_invited_to_be_judges_and_make_remarks_on_the_performance_of_the_competitors.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文写作可以分两段，即首段介绍通知的内容和比赛内容及参加比赛的选手和评委，尾段提出欢迎参加。要点1和要点2可以用连接词and进行内部整合；在尾段提出欢迎参加时，可以用besides进行连接；最后用“Don't miss it.”再次提醒全体学生不要错过。
NOTICE
We_are_glad_to_inform_you_that_English_Proficiency_Competition_for_Middle_School_Students_is_to_be_held_in_the_lecture_hall_of_our_school_next_Wednesday_morning.It_will_start_at_8：30_a．m.and_last_about_three_and_a_half_hours,_during_which_time_each_competitor_from_each_class_will_gather_together_and_deliver_their_speeches_on_the_given_topic_—_Future_Life.And_some_experienced_English_teachers_in_the_English_Department_of_our_school_will_be_invited_to_be_judges_and_make_remarks_on_the_performance_of_the_competitors.
Welcome_to_attend_this_competition.Besides,_it_would_be_a_valuable_experience_to_exchange_ideas_with_some_judges_and_excellent_English_learners.Don't_miss_it.
The_Students'_Union
理清段落结构之(一) 并列
并列式段落往往是列举两个事物或一个事物在不同情况下的相同或不同之处。利用这种段落结构可速判阅读七选五题型中的标题类题目，对把握文章主旨、理解全文大意至关重要。
[高考典例1] 2016·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读七选五节选
并列关系
● 17
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants， flowers， patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 18(E) .However， there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall (回忆) your childhood memories
…
根据并列的段落标题，可知17题应为祈使句，可初步断定为A、B选项，由该段倒数第二句可知此题应选A项。
A．Know why you garden
B．Find a good place for your own garden
C．It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D．It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
[高考典例2] 2012·辽宁卷·C篇
In the past two decades， the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently， the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art， history and philosophy (哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States， at the same time， are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.
So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.
Today China attracts the West more than ever， and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.
As for the old thinker， he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West， even if his birthday is.
总结出
孔子和中国文化对西方的影响。
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