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2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习外研全国版讲义：选修7Module5EthnicCulture
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(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．inherit v． 继承
2．property n. 财产
3．hatch v. 孵化
4．bucket n. 桶
5．splash v. (液体)溅落；飞溅
6．belt n. 腰带；裤带
7．lame adj. 瘸的，跛的
8．tyre n. 轮胎
9．jungle n. 热带丛林
10．sleeve n. 袖子
11．jewellery n. 珠宝，首饰
12．fibre n. (植物的)纤维质
13．spade n. 铲，铁锹
14．garage n. 汽车修理厂
15．maze n. 迷宫；曲径
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．run v. 控制；管理
2．farm v. 种植；养殖
3．firm adj. 牢固的，稳固的
4．fasten v．[纵联1] 系牢，缚紧
5．loose adj. 稀松的，疏松的
6．tool n. 工具
7．bare adj. 赤裸的
8．native adj. 出生地的；土生土长的
9．awkward adj. 尴尬的，为难的
10．rainbow n．[纵联2] 彩虹，虹
11．opera n．[纵联3] 歌剧
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．minority n．少数民族；少数→minor adj.较小的；次要的→(反义词)majority n．多数 [纵联4]
2．diverse adj.完全不同的；各不相同的→diversity n．多样性；多元化
3．varied adj.各种各样的；形形色色的→vary v．改变；不同→various adj.各种各样的；不同的→variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)
4．custom n．风俗，习惯，传统→customer n．顾客→customs n．海关；关税
5．apparently adv.看起来；显然→apparent adj.显然的；明显的
6．foolish adj.愚蠢的，傻的→fool n．傻子v.欺骗
7．fold v．折叠，对折→(反义词)unfold v．展开
8．adjust v．适应，使适应，调节→adjustment n．适应；调整；调节
9．furnish v．为(房屋或房间)配备家具→furniture n．家具
10．gatherer n．采集者→gather v．采集；聚集
纵联1.动词后缀en荟萃
①fasten系牢 ②strengthen加强
③sharpen削尖 ④weaken变弱
⑤widen变宽 ⑥broaden加宽
纵联2.含rain的合成名词
①rainbow彩虹 ②raincoat雨衣
③raindrop雨滴 ④rainwater雨水
⑤rainfall降雨量 ⑥rainforest雨林
纵联3.“戏剧”类名词大舞台
①opera歌剧 ②drama戏剧
③play戏剧 ④comedy喜剧
⑤tragedy悲剧 ⑥character人物
⑦lines台词 ⑧costume服装
纵联4.名词后缀“ity”数一数
①minority少数 ②majority多数
③identity身份；同一性 ④gravity重力，地心引力
⑤equality平等；相等 ⑥diversity多样性
单元话题——民族文化
子话题1 少数民族
①Manchu满族 ②Dai傣族
③Korean朝鲜族 ④Uygur维吾尔族
⑤Mongolian蒙古族 ⑥Tibetan藏族
子话题2 服饰外貌
①earring耳环 ②gown袍子
③affection喜爱 ④mutual相互的；彼此的
⑤plain朴素的 ⑥elegant淡雅的
子话题3 风俗饮食
①spicy辛辣的 ②sticky粘的
③acid酸的 ④roast烤
⑤spray喷洒 ⑥pickle泡菜
⑦banquet宴席 ⑧feast宴会
子话题4 宗教信仰
①Islam伊斯兰教 ②Buddhism佛教
③salute敬礼 ④fireplace壁炉
⑤residence住处 ⑥pray祈祷；祷告
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)These pieces can be ❶ (fold) into a neat little pack and fastened❷ on your belt❸.
①用fold的正确形式填空：folded；其反义词为：unfold
②选择fastened在句中的含义：__B__
A．加速 B．系牢 C．适应 D．盯住
③写出belt在句中的含义：腰带。常用搭配有：safety belt“安全带”；the Belt and Road“一带一路”
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)Visit the palace and its various❶ historic gardens, which include the famous maze❷ where it is easy to get lost!
①写出various在本单元中的同义词：varied；其动词形式为：vary，名词形式为：variety
②写出maze在句中的含义：迷宫；曲径；其形近词amaze意为：使吃惊；惊讶
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词补全句子)
1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)那样的话，你可能会很快适应在北京的生活。(adjust)
That way, you may_adjust_yourself_to_the_life here in Beijing soon.
2．(2015·四川高考书面表达)作为一个以汉语为母语的人，我可以清晰流利地说汉语，我的老师们认为我汉语口语说得好。(native)
As_a_native_Chinese_speaker,_I can speak Chinese clearly and fluently, and my teachers think highly of my spoken Chinese.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．minority n．少数民族；少数
[记牢]
(1)a/the minority of 少数的
be in the/a minority 占少数
(2)majority n. 多数，多半
be in the/a majority 占多数
a/the majority of ……的大多数
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Some minority (minor) languages are losing their identities because of the invasion of more popular spoken ones.
②But even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them are (be) really friendly and I've made some good friends.
翻译句子
③我们班上只有少数学生对政治感兴趣。
Only_a_small_minority_of_students_are_interested_in_politics_in_our_class.
[用准] minority/majority作主语，强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；强调群体中的每一个个体时，谓语动词用复数形式；the minority/majority of＋n.作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词的单复数相一致。
[写美] 补全句子
④尽管多数人都有他们的梦想，可是只有少数人能像这个小男孩那样把梦想变成现实。
Although most people have dreams, only_the_minority_of_them can make their dreams reality like the little boy.
2．run v．控制；管理，经营；跑；提供，开设(课程等); 开动(机器等)；(使)运转
[辨清] 写出下列句中run的含义
①Run your dishwasher only when it is full.开动
②The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.提供，开设
③I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.跑
④Ebbesmeyer is most famous for running a global currents research association.管理；经营
⑤Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.运转
[记牢]
run into 遇到；陷入
run down 流下来
run after 追赶
run over 碾过
run for 竞选
run out of 用完；用尽
run away (from...) (从……)逃离
in the long run 从长远来看
[练通] 用适当的介、副词填空
⑥Suddenly, he found that he had run out of salt.
⑦When I was 8 years old, I once decided to run away_from home.
⑧In the long run, taking exercise regularly is greatly beneficial to our health.
⑨As high school students, we run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning.
⑩Tears ran down my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑪(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我会继续进行定期锻炼，比如游泳、跑步和各种球类运动。
I'll_continue_to_take_regular_exercise,_such_as_swimming,_running_and_various_ball_games.
3．adjust v．适应，使适应；调整；调节
[记牢]
(1)adjust to (doing) sth. 适应于(做)某事(to为介词)
adjust sth. to sth. 调整……以适应……
(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应
make adjustments/an adjustment to ...
对……进行调整/改革
(3)adjustable adj. 可调节的
[练通] 单句语法填空
①They should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.
②(2015·江苏高考)Some schools will have to make adjustments (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
③Mother was worried about whether she could adjust to living (live) in the mountainous village alone.
[用准] adjust to和adjust ...to ...中的to都是介词，其后须接名词或动名词。
[写美] 补全句子
④当孩子出国留学时，他必须学会适应独立生活。
When a child is studying abroad，he must learn to adjust_himself_to_living_on_his_own.
4．furnish v．为(房屋或房间)配备家具；提供，供应
[记牢]
(1)furnish sb./sth. with sth. 用……装备……；向……提供/供应
be furnished with ... 装备有……，安装有……
(2)furniture n． 家具
a piece/an article of furniture 一件家具
a set of furniture 一套家具
(3)furnished adj. (房屋、房间等)配备家具的
[练通] 单句语法填空
①—Have you moved into your new house?
—Not yet. I've no time to get it furnished (furnish)．
②The old furniture (furnish) is still in the author's first bedroom.
③The gardener furnished me with the necessary information in 2018.
[用准] furniture为不可数名词，类似的名词还有：advice, baggage, luggage, homework, information, knowledge, money, news, progress, wealth等。
[写美] 补全句子
④我进入他的房间，发现陈设极为简单，只有一张床、一张桌子和两把椅子。
I entered his room and found that it was_simply_furnished_with a bed, a table and two chairs.
[联想] furnish ... with ...的同义短语有：equip ...with ..., fit up ... with ...等。
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．You should run (管理) the shop as your boss taught you.
2．WhiteHaired Girl is a representative work of Chinese operas (歌剧) in the 20th century.
3．English, like any other language, is a tool (工具) of communication.
4．A driver is asked to keep his safetybelt fastened_(系牢) while driving on the freeway.
5．He lost so much weight that his trousers were quite loose (松的)．
6．I can speak English fluently, which will help me work with native (本土的) teachers from England.
7．I like walking along the beach on our_bare (赤裸的) feet in summer.
8．I was so heavily overweight that I suffered a lot from my awkward (尴尬的) appearance.
9．If you are lucky, you can see a vivid rainbow (彩虹) across over two peaks.
10．Such friendship will never be broken up, because the foundation on which it is set up is quite firm_ (牢固的) and strong.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is true that some minority (minor) languages may disappear in the near future.
2．In fact, cultural diversity (diverse) is what makes our world so rich and so colorful.
3．When given this question, different people have varied (vary) answers.
4．In order to attract more customers (custom), many supermarkets usually sell their goods at a good discount at weekends.
5．To come back before Sunday, I have made a few minor adjustments (adjust) to the schedule of my trip.
6．People are grateful because their food is gathered (gather) for the winter and the agricultural work is over.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．大多数护士都是女性，但在医学界拥有较高职务的人中，女性却占少数。(minority)
The_majority_of_nurses_are_women,_but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are_in_a_minority.
2．城市的改变需要巨大的资金，但是从长远看来，它们会为我们节约很多钱。(run)
The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, but they will save_us_money_in_the_long_run.
3．令我们高兴的是，孩子们很快就使自己适应了这种状况。(adjust)
To our delight, the kids quickly adjusted_themselves_to the situation.
4．我坚信，只要我们大家都付出努力，我们的社会才会更加温馨、更加和谐。(firm)
I hold_the_firm_belief_that only when everybody makes an effort can our society be warmer and more harmonious.
5．这所学校将配备城市里最先进的教学设施。(furnish)
The school will be_furnished_with the most advanced teaching facilities of the city.
(一)课前自主学习
1．in_use [串记1] 在使用
2．come_across [串记2] (偶然)遇见；碰见
3．make_up 组成，构成；化妆；编造；和好
4．put_sb._up 让某人留宿，让某人过夜
5．pick_up 拿起；捡起
6．have_a_population_of 有……人口
7．in_the_distance 在远处
8．set_off [串记3] 出发，动身，启程
9．pull_out_ 拿出，掏出；慢慢驶出
10．adjust_to 适应，调整
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“in＋n.”短语速记
①in use在使用 ②in danger在危险中
③in trouble有麻烦 ④in person亲自
⑤in detail详细地 ⑥in return作为回报
⑦in conclusion最后 ⑧in charge负责
串记2.“动词＋across”一览
①come across(偶然)遇见 ②cut across抄近路；打断
③go across横穿；走过 ④run across遇到；跑着穿过
串记3.“v.＋off”短语荟萃
①set off出发；动身；燃放 ②cut off切断，中断
③give off释放，放出 ④go off离开；爆炸
⑤leave off停止，中断 ⑥show off炫耀；卖弄
⑦pay off付清 ⑧put off推迟
1．home to ... ……的家园/栖息地
2．covered with snow 覆盖着雪
3．run through the city 流经城市
4．walk back into the past 回到过去
5．be full of energy 精力旺盛
6．be famous for its music 以其音乐著称
7．furnish ... with 用……装备
8．wake up to 醒来发现(看到，听到)；意识到
9．be supposed to 应该
10．leave out 省去；遗漏；不理会
1．The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain, its_peak_covered_with_snow.
古城依山而建，对面是海拔5 500米的玉龙雪山，山峰被积雪覆盖。
2．The sky is clear blue and I_don't_think_I've_ever_seen_anything_else_so_beautiful in my life.
这里的天空碧蓝如洗，我想我一生中从未见过这么美的景色。
3．However_different_we may appear to be at first, we are all the same, all equal.
无论起初我们看上去有多么不同，然而我们本质上是一样的，每个人都是平等的。
4．For example, in the west people lived in villages and developed an agricultural economy, whereas_in_the_east,_where it was colder, people remained a hunting culture.
比如，西部人筑村而居发展起了农业经济，而在更冷些的东部，人们依然处于狩猎文明阶段。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 完形中的短语(补全句子)
1．(2016·四川高考完形填空)On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled_out (拿出) a copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her niece.
2．(2012·福建高考完形填空)We were nine when we became friends.During the school holidays, we'd explore the countryside on our bicycles, hoping to come_across (偶然遇见) the unexpected.
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)
1．(2016·10月浙江高考写作)当她就要出发时，一个熟悉的身影突然进入了她的视线。
A familiar shadow suddenly came into her sight when she was about to set_off.
2．(2014·天津高考书面表达)我们班由50名学生组成，他们热情、慷慨且乐于助人。
Our class is_made_up_of 50 students, all of whom are warm and generous and ready to offer help.
3．(2017·北京高考书面表达)在毕业典礼上，尽管这个视频短了点，但是它受到了我们校友的热烈欢迎。(however 引导让步状语从句)
On the graduation ceremony, however_short_the_video_was,_it received a warm welcome among our fellow schoolmates.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．in use在使用
[记牢]
(1)it's no use doing ... 做……没用
make use of 利用；使用
come into use 开始使用
(2)use up 用完；用光
[练通] 单句语法填空
①It is no use_trying (try)to persuade him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic.
②Many people think that water will never be used up because there are many rivers and lakes.
③In twenty years there will be fewer cars in_use than there are today.
[写美] 翻译句子
④老师一直在训练我们利用参考书。
The_teacher_has_been_training_us_to_make_use_of_reference_books._
2．set off出发；动身；引起，引发；燃放(烟花，爆竹等)；使……爆炸；拉响(警报)
[辨清] 写出下列句中set off的含义
①Having said goodbye to their friends, they set off for home.出发；动身
②(2018·天津高考)If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.拉响(警报)
③Hong Kong's stock market fell, setting off a global financial crisis.引起
④On New Year's Eve, we set off many fireworks, which made the children excited.燃放
[记牢]
set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
set down 记下；登记
set up 建立，创立，创办；安排某事
set out 出发，动身；阐述，描述
set about 开始做；着手
[练通] 用适当的介、副词填空
⑤I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for the art feast.
⑥We can set out/off early so that we'll have more time to read and select books.
⑦Ralph W. Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.
⑧As soon as she got home, my mother set about preparing lunch.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑨(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)此外，我们学校成立了一支排球队和一支篮球队。
Besides,_our_school_set_up_a_volleyball_team_and_a_basketball_team.
[句式集释]
“否定词＋ever＋so＋adj.”表示最高级
[教材原句] The sky is clear blue and I don't_think_I've_ever_seen_anything_else_so
_beautiful in my life.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)I have never met such a kindhearted person before.
(2)How beautiful she sings! I have never heard a better (good) voice.
(3)Tom_is_taller_than_any_other_student in our class.
汤姆是我们班最高的学生。
(4)You can never_be_too_careful while crossing the street.
过马路时，你越小心越好。
[析用法规则]
表示最高级含义的常用句型：
(1)完成时＋never＋
(2)否定词＋比较级(＋than ...)“没有比……更……”
(3)比较级＋than＋
(4)never/not＋enough/too ...“再……也不过分；越……越……”
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2015·湖南高考写作)As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.(要点句)
作为一名学生，我可以告诉你，没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。
(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more important than health in our daily life.(要点句)
就我个人而言，在我们日常生活中身体健康最重要。
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
make use of， come across， in the distance， pull out， adjust to， be full of， take place， pick up
1．I saw a car in_the_distance and jumped up as I recognized the car.
2．Life is_full_of surprises and you never know how things will turn out.
3．Our class came up with the idea to make_use_of used materials.
4．Amy picked_up some Chinese while she was teaching English in No.8 Middle School.
5．When I woke up, it was already midnight and it took a few seconds for my eyes to adjust_to.
6．All the senior three students have to take part in the National College Entrance Examinations, which will take_place in June every year.
7．Is this your necklace, Mary? I came_across it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
8．The American tourist hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had pulled_out.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．实践是最好的学习方法。(否定词＋比较级)
There's no_better_way_to_learn_than by doing.
2．吃完晚饭，我们开始讨论野餐的事。(独立主格结构)
Supper_finished,_we started to discuss the picnic.
3．不管他有多忙，他每周都去看望他的父母一次。(however 引导让步状语从句)
However_busy_he_is,_he visits his parents once a week.
4．她从来没有为他们做过任何事，而他们却为她做了许多事。(whereas)
She has never done anything for them, whereas_they_have_done_everything_for_her.
5．由于越来越多的森林遭到破坏，一些动植物正面临着灭绝的危险。(with复合结构)
With_more_and_more_forests_damaged，some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华，你所在班级想举办一期英语板报，介绍一下中国的少数民族概况，请你用英语写一篇短文，简要介绍中国少数民族的人口、生活习惯、风俗和现状等情况。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文是应用文中的电子邮件。时态是一般现在时，人称是第三人称。写作时不要局限于题目中的三个要点，可在最后加上一个要点“自己的感想或简要评论”。综合起来这四个要点依次为：1.介绍少数民族的人口；2.介绍生活习惯和风俗；3.介绍现状；4.发表感想。这四个要点可以先介绍少数民族的概况，再介绍少数民族的生活习惯和风俗，然后介绍现状，最后再谈谈自己的看法或感想。这样，文章就很有逻辑性，不显得凌乱。
要点1：中国有55个少数民族，人口大约1亿。
There_are_55_minorities_living_in_China,_which_have_a_population_of_about 100_million.
要点2－①：有些少数民族以务农为生，有些以捕鱼为生。
Some_minorities_live_by_farming,_while_others_live_by_fishing.
要点2－②：少数民族形成了各不相同的风俗习惯。(diverse)
The_minorities_have_developed_their_own_diverse_customs.
要点3：现如今，所有民族和平相处，关系稳固。(firm)
Nowadays,_all_peoples_live_in_peace,_and_the_relation_between_them_is_firm.
要点4：有这么多的少数民族和谐地生活在一起，中国一定会更加繁荣昌盛。(prosperous)
China_is_bound_to_be_more_prosperous_with_so_many_minorities_living_harmoniously_together.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
由于题目所给提示较少，本文应适当增加一些细节，以使文章内容充实，行文流畅。比如补充要点2－①进一步说明少数民族的风俗习惯；要点2－②增加一个状语“在长期的发展中”，再补充说明形成不同风俗习惯的原因；要点4可用“毫无疑问”坚定“中国一定会更加繁荣昌盛”的信念。
补充要点2－①：有些少数民族信仰宗教，他们信奉神灵，崇尚自然，逢年过节祭祀祖先和神灵，以此来祈祷五谷丰登和平平安安。
Some_minorities_believe_in_religion,_they_believe_in_gods_and_nature._They_sacrifice_their_ancestors_and_gods_at_every_festival_and_at_New_Year_to_pray_for_a_grain_harvest,_safe_and_sound.
拓展要点2－②：在长期的发展中，少数民族形成了各不相同的风俗习惯。这都是他们适应环境的结果。(表语从句， adjust)
In_the_longterm_development,_the_minorities_have_developed_their_own_diverse_customs.This_is_because_they_adjusted_themselves_to_the_environment.
升级要点4：毫无疑问，有这么多的少数民族和谐地生活在一起，中国一定会更加繁荣昌盛。(There is no doubt that ...)
There_is_no_doubt_that_China_is_bound_to_be_more_prosperous_with_so_many_minorities_living_harmoniously_together.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
由于本文在表达要点时，句子内部的逻辑性就很强了，所以在衔接过渡时，就不必另外使用过渡语了，比如要点中的定语从句，表示对比的连词while， 时间状语词nowadays等。只要各要点的逻辑顺序写对，习作就会显得层次分明、条理清晰和内容连贯了。
There_are_55_minorities_living_in_China,_which_have_a_population_of_about_100_million._Some_minorities_live_by_farming,_while_others_live_by_fishing._Some_minorities_believe_in_religion,_they_believe_in_gods_and_nature._They_sacrifice_their_ancestors_and_gods_at_every_festival_and_at_New_Year_to_pray_for_a_grain_harvest,_safe_and_sound._In_the_longterm_development,_the_minorities_have_developed_their_own_diverse_customs._This_is_because_they_adjusted_themselves_to_the_environment._Nowadays,_all_peoples_live_in_peace,_and_the_relation_between_them_is_firm.There_is_no_doubt_that_China_is_bound_to_be_more_prosperous_with_so_many_minorities_living_harmoniously_together.
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．inherit v． 继承
2．property n. 财产
3．hatch v. 孵化
4．bucket n. 桶
5．splash v. (液体)溅落；飞溅
6．belt n. 腰带；裤带
7．lame adj. 瘸的，跛的
8．tyre n. 轮胎
9．jungle n. 热带丛林
10．sleeve n. 袖子
11．jewellery n. 珠宝，首饰
12．fibre n. (植物的)纤维质
13．spade n. 铲，铁锹
14．garage n. 汽车修理厂
15．maze n. 迷宫；曲径
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．run v. 控制；管理
2．farm v. 种植；养殖
3．firm adj. 牢固的，稳固的
4．fasten v．[纵联1] 系牢，缚紧
5．loose adj. 稀松的，疏松的
6．tool n. 工具
7．bare adj. 赤裸的
8．native adj. 出生地的；土生土长的
9．awkward adj. 尴尬的，为难的
10．rainbow n．[纵联2] 彩虹，虹
11．opera n．[纵联3] 歌剧
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．minority n．少数民族；少数→minor adj.较小的；次要的→(反义词)majority n．多数 [纵联4]
2．diverse adj.完全不同的；各不相同的→diversity n．多样性；多元化
3．varied adj.各种各样的；形形色色的→vary v．改变；不同→various adj.各种各样的；不同的→variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)
4．custom n．风俗，习惯，传统→customer n．顾客→customs n．海关；关税
5．apparently adv.看起来；显然→apparent adj.显然的；明显的
6．foolish adj.愚蠢的，傻的→fool n．傻子v.欺骗
7．fold v．折叠，对折→(反义词)unfold v．展开
8．adjust v．适应，使适应，调节→adjustment n．适应；调整；调节
9．furnish v．为(房屋或房间)配备家具→furniture n．家具
10．gatherer n．采集者→gather v．采集；聚集
纵联1.动词后缀en荟萃
①fasten系牢 ②strengthen加强
③sharpen削尖 ④weaken变弱
⑤widen变宽 ⑥broaden加宽
纵联2.含rain的合成名词
①rainbow彩虹 ②raincoat雨衣
③raindrop雨滴 ④rainwater雨水
⑤rainfall降雨量 ⑥rainforest雨林
纵联3.“戏剧”类名词大舞台
①opera歌剧 ②drama戏剧
③play戏剧 ④comedy喜剧
⑤tragedy悲剧 ⑥character人物
⑦lines台词 ⑧costume服装
纵联4.名词后缀“ity”数一数
①minority少数 ②majority多数
③identity身份；同一性 ④gravity重力，地心引力
⑤equality平等；相等 ⑥diversity多样性
单元话题——民族文化
子话题1 少数民族
①Manchu满族 ②Dai傣族
③Korean朝鲜族 ④Uygur维吾尔族
⑤Mongolian蒙古族 ⑥Tibetan藏族
子话题2 服饰外貌
①earring耳环 ②gown袍子
③affection喜爱 ④mutual相互的；彼此的
⑤plain朴素的 ⑥elegant淡雅的
子话题3 风俗饮食
①spicy辛辣的 ②sticky粘的
③acid酸的 ④roast烤
⑤spray喷洒 ⑥pickle泡菜
⑦banquet宴席 ⑧feast宴会
子话题4 宗教信仰
①Islam伊斯兰教 ②Buddhism佛教
③salute敬礼 ④fireplace壁炉
⑤residence住处 ⑥pray祈祷；祷告
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)These pieces can be ❶ (fold) into a neat little pack and fastened❷ on your belt❸.
①用fold的正确形式填空：folded；其反义词为：unfold
②选择fastened在句中的含义：__B__
A．加速 B．系牢 C．适应 D．盯住
③写出belt在句中的含义：腰带。常用搭配有：safety belt“安全带”；the Belt and Road“一带一路”
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)Visit the palace and its various❶ historic gardens, which include the famous maze❷ where it is easy to get lost!
①写出various在本单元中的同义词：varied；其动词形式为：vary，名词形式为：variety
②写出maze在句中的含义：迷宫；曲径；其形近词amaze意为：使吃惊；惊讶
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词补全句子)
1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)那样的话，你可能会很快适应在北京的生活。(adjust)
That way, you may_adjust_yourself_to_the_life here in Beijing soon.
2．(2015·四川高考书面表达)作为一个以汉语为母语的人，我可以清晰流利地说汉语，我的老师们认为我汉语口语说得好。(native)
As_a_native_Chinese_speaker,_I can speak Chinese clearly and fluently, and my teachers think highly of my spoken Chinese.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．minority n．少数民族；少数
[记牢]
(1)a/the minority of 少数的
be in the/a minority 占少数
(2)majority n. 多数，多半
be in the/a majority 占多数
a/the majority of ……的大多数
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Some minority (minor) languages are losing their identities because of the invasion of more popular spoken ones.
②But even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them are (be) really friendly and I've made some good friends.
翻译句子
③我们班上只有少数学生对政治感兴趣。
Only_a_small_minority_of_students_are_interested_in_politics_in_our_class.
[用准] minority/majority作主语，强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；强调群体中的每一个个体时，谓语动词用复数形式；the minority/majority of＋n.作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词的单复数相一致。
[写美] 补全句子
④尽管多数人都有他们的梦想，可是只有少数人能像这个小男孩那样把梦想变成现实。
Although most people have dreams, only_the_minority_of_them can make their dreams reality like the little boy.
2．run v．控制；管理，经营；跑；提供，开设(课程等); 开动(机器等)；(使)运转
[辨清] 写出下列句中run的含义
①Run your dishwasher only when it is full.开动
②The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.提供，开设
③I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.跑
④Ebbesmeyer is most famous for running a global currents research association.管理；经营
⑤Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.运转
[记牢]
run into 遇到；陷入
run down 流下来
run after 追赶
run over 碾过
run for 竞选
run out of 用完；用尽
run away (from...) (从……)逃离
in the long run 从长远来看
[练通] 用适当的介、副词填空
⑥Suddenly, he found that he had run out of salt.
⑦When I was 8 years old, I once decided to run away_from home.
⑧In the long run, taking exercise regularly is greatly beneficial to our health.
⑨As high school students, we run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning.
⑩Tears ran down my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑪(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我会继续进行定期锻炼，比如游泳、跑步和各种球类运动。
I'll_continue_to_take_regular_exercise,_such_as_swimming,_running_and_various_ball_games.
3．adjust v．适应，使适应；调整；调节
[记牢]
(1)adjust to (doing) sth. 适应于(做)某事(to为介词)
adjust sth. to sth. 调整……以适应……
(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应
make adjustments/an adjustment to ...
对……进行调整/改革
(3)adjustable adj. 可调节的
[练通] 单句语法填空
①They should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.
②(2015·江苏高考)Some schools will have to make adjustments (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
③Mother was worried about whether she could adjust to living (live) in the mountainous village alone.
[用准] adjust to和adjust ...to ...中的to都是介词，其后须接名词或动名词。
[写美] 补全句子
④当孩子出国留学时，他必须学会适应独立生活。
When a child is studying abroad，he must learn to adjust_himself_to_living_on_his_own.
4．furnish v．为(房屋或房间)配备家具；提供，供应
[记牢]
(1)furnish sb./sth. with sth. 用……装备……；向……提供/供应
be furnished with ... 装备有……，安装有……
(2)furniture n． 家具
a piece/an article of furniture 一件家具
a set of furniture 一套家具
(3)furnished adj. (房屋、房间等)配备家具的
[练通] 单句语法填空
①—Have you moved into your new house?
—Not yet. I've no time to get it furnished (furnish)．
②The old furniture (furnish) is still in the author's first bedroom.
③The gardener furnished me with the necessary information in 2018.
[用准] furniture为不可数名词，类似的名词还有：advice, baggage, luggage, homework, information, knowledge, money, news, progress, wealth等。
[写美] 补全句子
④我进入他的房间，发现陈设极为简单，只有一张床、一张桌子和两把椅子。
I entered his room and found that it was_simply_furnished_with a bed, a table and two chairs.
[联想] furnish ... with ...的同义短语有：equip ...with ..., fit up ... with ...等。
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．You should run (管理) the shop as your boss taught you.
2．WhiteHaired Girl is a representative work of Chinese operas (歌剧) in the 20th century.
3．English, like any other language, is a tool (工具) of communication.
4．A driver is asked to keep his safetybelt fastened_(系牢) while driving on the freeway.
5．He lost so much weight that his trousers were quite loose (松的)．
6．I can speak English fluently, which will help me work with native (本土的) teachers from England.
7．I like walking along the beach on our_bare (赤裸的) feet in summer.
8．I was so heavily overweight that I suffered a lot from my awkward (尴尬的) appearance.
9．If you are lucky, you can see a vivid rainbow (彩虹) across over two peaks.
10．Such friendship will never be broken up, because the foundation on which it is set up is quite firm_ (牢固的) and strong.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is true that some minority (minor) languages may disappear in the near future.
2．In fact, cultural diversity (diverse) is what makes our world so rich and so colorful.
3．When given this question, different people have varied (vary) answers.
4．In order to attract more customers (custom), many supermarkets usually sell their goods at a good discount at weekends.
5．To come back before Sunday, I have made a few minor adjustments (adjust) to the schedule of my trip.
6．People are grateful because their food is gathered (gather) for the winter and the agricultural work is over.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．大多数护士都是女性，但在医学界拥有较高职务的人中，女性却占少数。(minority)
The_majority_of_nurses_are_women,_but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are_in_a_minority.
2．城市的改变需要巨大的资金，但是从长远看来，它们会为我们节约很多钱。(run)
The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, but they will save_us_money_in_the_long_run.
3．令我们高兴的是，孩子们很快就使自己适应了这种状况。(adjust)
To our delight, the kids quickly adjusted_themselves_to the situation.
4．我坚信，只要我们大家都付出努力，我们的社会才会更加温馨、更加和谐。(firm)
I hold_the_firm_belief_that only when everybody makes an effort can our society be warmer and more harmonious.
5．这所学校将配备城市里最先进的教学设施。(furnish)
The school will be_furnished_with the most advanced teaching facilities of the city.
(一)课前自主学习
1．in_use [串记1] 在使用
2．come_across [串记2] (偶然)遇见；碰见
3．make_up 组成，构成；化妆；编造；和好
4．put_sb._up 让某人留宿，让某人过夜
5．pick_up 拿起；捡起
6．have_a_population_of 有……人口
7．in_the_distance 在远处
8．set_off [串记3] 出发，动身，启程
9．pull_out_ 拿出，掏出；慢慢驶出
10．adjust_to 适应，调整
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“in＋n.”短语速记
①in use在使用 ②in danger在危险中
③in trouble有麻烦 ④in person亲自
⑤in detail详细地 ⑥in return作为回报
⑦in conclusion最后 ⑧in charge负责
串记2.“动词＋across”一览
①come across(偶然)遇见 ②cut across抄近路；打断
③go across横穿；走过 ④run across遇到；跑着穿过
串记3.“v.＋off”短语荟萃
①set off出发；动身；燃放 ②cut off切断，中断
③give off释放，放出 ④go off离开；爆炸
⑤leave off停止，中断 ⑥show off炫耀；卖弄
⑦pay off付清 ⑧put off推迟
1．home to ... ……的家园/栖息地
2．covered with snow 覆盖着雪
3．run through the city 流经城市
4．walk back into the past 回到过去
5．be full of energy 精力旺盛
6．be famous for its music 以其音乐著称
7．furnish ... with 用……装备
8．wake up to 醒来发现(看到，听到)；意识到
9．be supposed to 应该
10．leave out 省去；遗漏；不理会
1．The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain, its_peak_covered_with_snow.
古城依山而建，对面是海拔5 500米的玉龙雪山，山峰被积雪覆盖。
2．The sky is clear blue and I_don't_think_I've_ever_seen_anything_else_so_beautiful in my life.
这里的天空碧蓝如洗，我想我一生中从未见过这么美的景色。
3．However_different_we may appear to be at first, we are all the same, all equal.
无论起初我们看上去有多么不同，然而我们本质上是一样的，每个人都是平等的。
4．For example, in the west people lived in villages and developed an agricultural economy, whereas_in_the_east,_where it was colder, people remained a hunting culture.
比如，西部人筑村而居发展起了农业经济，而在更冷些的东部，人们依然处于狩猎文明阶段。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 完形中的短语(补全句子)
1．(2016·四川高考完形填空)On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled_out (拿出) a copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her niece.
2．(2012·福建高考完形填空)We were nine when we became friends.During the school holidays, we'd explore the countryside on our bicycles, hoping to come_across (偶然遇见) the unexpected.
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)
1．(2016·10月浙江高考写作)当她就要出发时，一个熟悉的身影突然进入了她的视线。
A familiar shadow suddenly came into her sight when she was about to set_off.
2．(2014·天津高考书面表达)我们班由50名学生组成，他们热情、慷慨且乐于助人。
Our class is_made_up_of 50 students, all of whom are warm and generous and ready to offer help.
3．(2017·北京高考书面表达)在毕业典礼上，尽管这个视频短了点，但是它受到了我们校友的热烈欢迎。(however 引导让步状语从句)
On the graduation ceremony, however_short_the_video_was,_it received a warm welcome among our fellow schoolmates.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．in use在使用
[记牢]
(1)it's no use doing ... 做……没用
make use of 利用；使用
come into use 开始使用
(2)use up 用完；用光
[练通] 单句语法填空
①It is no use_trying (try)to persuade him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic.
②Many people think that water will never be used up because there are many rivers and lakes.
③In twenty years there will be fewer cars in_use than there are today.
[写美] 翻译句子
④老师一直在训练我们利用参考书。
The_teacher_has_been_training_us_to_make_use_of_reference_books._
2．set off出发；动身；引起，引发；燃放(烟花，爆竹等)；使……爆炸；拉响(警报)
[辨清] 写出下列句中set off的含义
①Having said goodbye to their friends, they set off for home.出发；动身
②(2018·天津高考)If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.拉响(警报)
③Hong Kong's stock market fell, setting off a global financial crisis.引起
④On New Year's Eve, we set off many fireworks, which made the children excited.燃放
[记牢]
set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
set down 记下；登记
set up 建立，创立，创办；安排某事
set out 出发，动身；阐述，描述
set about 开始做；着手
[练通] 用适当的介、副词填空
⑤I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for the art feast.
⑥We can set out/off early so that we'll have more time to read and select books.
⑦Ralph W. Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.
⑧As soon as she got home, my mother set about preparing lunch.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑨(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)此外，我们学校成立了一支排球队和一支篮球队。
Besides,_our_school_set_up_a_volleyball_team_and_a_basketball_team.
[句式集释]
“否定词＋ever＋so＋adj.”表示最高级
[教材原句] The sky is clear blue and I don't_think_I've_ever_seen_anything_else_so
_beautiful in my life.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)I have never met such a kindhearted person before.
(2)How beautiful she sings! I have never heard a better (good) voice.
(3)Tom_is_taller_than_any_other_student in our class.
汤姆是我们班最高的学生。
(4)You can never_be_too_careful while crossing the street.
过马路时，你越小心越好。
[析用法规则]
表示最高级含义的常用句型：
(1)完成时＋never＋
(2)否定词＋比较级(＋than ...)“没有比……更……”
(3)比较级＋than＋
(4)never/not＋enough/too ...“再……也不过分；越……越……”
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2015·湖南高考写作)As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.(要点句)
作为一名学生，我可以告诉你，没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。
(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more important than health in our daily life.(要点句)
就我个人而言，在我们日常生活中身体健康最重要。
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
make use of， come across， in the distance， pull out， adjust to， be full of， take place， pick up
1．I saw a car in_the_distance and jumped up as I recognized the car.
2．Life is_full_of surprises and you never know how things will turn out.
3．Our class came up with the idea to make_use_of used materials.
4．Amy picked_up some Chinese while she was teaching English in No.8 Middle School.
5．When I woke up, it was already midnight and it took a few seconds for my eyes to adjust_to.
6．All the senior three students have to take part in the National College Entrance Examinations, which will take_place in June every year.
7．Is this your necklace, Mary? I came_across it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
8．The American tourist hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had pulled_out.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．实践是最好的学习方法。(否定词＋比较级)
There's no_better_way_to_learn_than by doing.
2．吃完晚饭，我们开始讨论野餐的事。(独立主格结构)
Supper_finished,_we started to discuss the picnic.
3．不管他有多忙，他每周都去看望他的父母一次。(however 引导让步状语从句)
However_busy_he_is,_he visits his parents once a week.
4．她从来没有为他们做过任何事，而他们却为她做了许多事。(whereas)
She has never done anything for them, whereas_they_have_done_everything_for_her.
5．由于越来越多的森林遭到破坏，一些动植物正面临着灭绝的危险。(with复合结构)
With_more_and_more_forests_damaged，some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华，你所在班级想举办一期英语板报，介绍一下中国的少数民族概况，请你用英语写一篇短文，简要介绍中国少数民族的人口、生活习惯、风俗和现状等情况。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文是应用文中的电子邮件。时态是一般现在时，人称是第三人称。写作时不要局限于题目中的三个要点，可在最后加上一个要点“自己的感想或简要评论”。综合起来这四个要点依次为：1.介绍少数民族的人口；2.介绍生活习惯和风俗；3.介绍现状；4.发表感想。这四个要点可以先介绍少数民族的概况，再介绍少数民族的生活习惯和风俗，然后介绍现状，最后再谈谈自己的看法或感想。这样，文章就很有逻辑性，不显得凌乱。
要点1：中国有55个少数民族，人口大约1亿。
There_are_55_minorities_living_in_China,_which_have_a_population_of_about 100_million.
要点2－①：有些少数民族以务农为生，有些以捕鱼为生。
Some_minorities_live_by_farming,_while_others_live_by_fishing.
要点2－②：少数民族形成了各不相同的风俗习惯。(diverse)
The_minorities_have_developed_their_own_diverse_customs.
要点3：现如今，所有民族和平相处，关系稳固。(firm)
Nowadays,_all_peoples_live_in_peace,_and_the_relation_between_them_is_firm.
要点4：有这么多的少数民族和谐地生活在一起，中国一定会更加繁荣昌盛。(prosperous)
China_is_bound_to_be_more_prosperous_with_so_many_minorities_living_harmoniously_together.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
由于题目所给提示较少，本文应适当增加一些细节，以使文章内容充实，行文流畅。比如补充要点2－①进一步说明少数民族的风俗习惯；要点2－②增加一个状语“在长期的发展中”，再补充说明形成不同风俗习惯的原因；要点4可用“毫无疑问”坚定“中国一定会更加繁荣昌盛”的信念。
补充要点2－①：有些少数民族信仰宗教，他们信奉神灵，崇尚自然，逢年过节祭祀祖先和神灵，以此来祈祷五谷丰登和平平安安。
Some_minorities_believe_in_religion,_they_believe_in_gods_and_nature._They_sacrifice_their_ancestors_and_gods_at_every_festival_and_at_New_Year_to_pray_for_a_grain_harvest,_safe_and_sound.
拓展要点2－②：在长期的发展中，少数民族形成了各不相同的风俗习惯。这都是他们适应环境的结果。(表语从句， adjust)
In_the_longterm_development,_the_minorities_have_developed_their_own_diverse_customs.This_is_because_they_adjusted_themselves_to_the_environment.
升级要点4：毫无疑问，有这么多的少数民族和谐地生活在一起，中国一定会更加繁荣昌盛。(There is no doubt that ...)
There_is_no_doubt_that_China_is_bound_to_be_more_prosperous_with_so_many_minorities_living_harmoniously_together.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
由于本文在表达要点时，句子内部的逻辑性就很强了，所以在衔接过渡时，就不必另外使用过渡语了，比如要点中的定语从句，表示对比的连词while， 时间状语词nowadays等。只要各要点的逻辑顺序写对，习作就会显得层次分明、条理清晰和内容连贯了。
There_are_55_minorities_living_in_China,_which_have_a_population_of_about_100_million._Some_minorities_live_by_farming,_while_others_live_by_fishing._Some_minorities_believe_in_religion,_they_believe_in_gods_and_nature._They_sacrifice_their_ancestors_and_gods_at_every_festival_and_at_New_Year_to_pray_for_a_grain_harvest,_safe_and_sound._In_the_longterm_development,_the_minorities_have_developed_their_own_diverse_customs._This_is_because_they_adjusted_themselves_to_the_environment._Nowadays,_all_peoples_live_in_peace,_and_the_relation_between_them_is_firm.There_is_no_doubt_that_China_is_bound_to_be_more_prosperous_with_so_many_minorities_living_harmoniously_together.
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