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2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习外研全国版讲义：选修8Module2TheBenaissance
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(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．frontier n． 新领域
2．anecdote n. 趣闻，轶事
3．spokesman n. 发言人；代言人
4．burglar n. 窃贼，小偷
5．antique adj. 古时制造的，古董的
6．basement n. 地下室；地下层
7．courtyard n. 庭院，院子
8．parcel n. (小)包裹
9．circulate v. 流传；传播
10．tentative adj. 不确定的；试探性的
11．substitute n. 代替物；代替品
12．outcome n. 结果；后果
13．manuscript n. 底稿；手稿
14．squeeze v. 榨出；挤出；压出(液体)
15．overnight adj. 持续整夜的
16．work n. 作品
17．official n. 官员，高级职员
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．dull adj. 枯燥的；沉闷的
2．subject n. (绘画，摄影等的)主题
3．seek v．[纵联1] 寻找；寻求
4．passerby n. (过)路人
5．flee v. 逃跑，逃掉
6．behalf n. 方面；利益
7．fundamental adj. 根本的；基本的
8．merely adv. 仅仅；只不过
9．blame n．[纵联2] (对错事或坏事应负的)责任
10．rural adj. 农村的；乡村的
11．chief adj. 最重要的；首要的
12．drawback n. 不利因素
13．loss n. 丢失；丧失
14．superb adj. 极好的；超级的
15．passion n. 激情，热爱
16．tax v. 对……征税，向……课税
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.被打扰的；不安的；精神失常的→disturb v．打扰；扰乱；使不安 [纵联3]
2．basically adv.基本上，本质上，大致说来→basic adj.基本的；基础的；初级的→base n．基础 v．以……为基础
3．effect n．效果；作用→effective adj.有效的；实际的
4．motivate v．激发，激励→motivation n．动机；刺激；推动
5．skilled adj.有技巧的，熟练的→skill n．技能；技巧→skillful adj.灵巧的 [纵联4]
6．appeal v．恳求；呼吁n.魅力，吸引力→appealing adj.有吸引力的；动人的
7．suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人；可疑分子 v．怀疑→suspicious adj.可疑的
8．gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的→gift n．天赋；天才；礼物
9．inspire v．鼓舞；激励→inspiration n．灵感，启示；鼓舞
10．profession n．职业→professional adj.专业的；职业的→professor n．教授
纵联1.多途径的“寻找”
①seek v．寻找；寻求 ②explore v．探索，探究
③track v．跟踪；追踪 ④search v．搜寻；搜索
⑤hunt v．寻找；搜索 ⑥find v．寻找；找寻
纵联2.不一样的“责备”
①blame vt.指责；责备 ②charge vt.控告；指责
③accuse vt.控告，指控；谴责 ④scold vt.责骂
⑤condemn vt.谴责；声讨
纵联3.“打扰，麻烦”看一看
①disturb v．打扰，扰乱 ②trouble v．麻烦，使烦恼
③bother v．烦扰，打扰 ④interrupt v．打扰，打断
纵联4.“名词＋后缀ed”全扫描
①skilled adj.有技巧的 ②aged adj.上年纪的
③gifted adj.有才华的 ④talented adj.有才能的
⑤experienced adj.有经验的 ⑥interested adj.感兴趣的
⑦manned adj.需人操纵的 ⑧learned adj.有学问的
单元话题——文学与艺术
子话题1 绘画雕塑
①studio n．画室 ②workshop n．工作间
③gallery n．画廊 ④portrait n．画像
⑤sketch n．草图；素描 ⑥painting n．油画；水彩画
⑦sculpture n．雕塑，雕刻品 ⑧statue n．塑像；雕像
⑨pigment n．颜料 ⑩frame n．画框
⑪canvas n．画布 ⑫masterpiece n．杰作
子话题2 艺术欣赏
①classic adj.经典的 ②unique adj.独特的
③abstract adj.抽象的 ④exhibition n．展览
⑤display v．展示；陈列 ⑥extraordinary adj.非凡的
⑦visual adj.视觉的 ⑧magnificent adj.壮观的
⑨vivid adj.生动的 ⑩valuable adj.有价值的
⑪fancy adj.奇特的 ⑫style n．风格；类型
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2018·江苏高考任务型阅读)These people earn a living wage for their __❶__ (profession) knowledge and skills❷.
①用profession的正确形式填空：professional；其同根词professor意为：教授
②写出skill在本单元中的同根形容词：skilled；其近义词为：skillful
2．(2012·北京高考阅读A)Basic❶ Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the __❷__ (fundamental) of more tricky areas.
①写出basic在本单元中的副词形式：basically；其名词形式basis的复数形式为：bases
②用fundamental的正确形式填空：fundamentals_
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2013·四川高考书面表达)然而，那些枯燥的课程需要我们的决心、自控力和自信。(dull)
However,_those_dull_lessons_require_our_determination,_selfcontrolling_ability_and_confidence.
2. (2012·山东高考写作)作为一名高中生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的学科。(subject)
As_a_high_school_student,_I_consider_English_a_very_important_subject.
3．(2012·江苏高考书面表达)说实话，这是苏(华)的过错，但李(江)也应受责备——他们不够冷静，并说了一些很刻薄的话。(blame)
To_be_honest,_it_was_Su's_fault_but_Li_was_also_to_blame_—_they_were_not_calm_enough_and_both_said_some_really_mean_things.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．effect n．效果；作用；影响
[记牢]
(1)have an/no effect on 对……有/没有影响
bring/put ...into effect 使……生效
come/go into effect 开始生效，开始实施
take effect 见效，生效，实施
in effect 实际上；事实上
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的；显著的；实际的
(3)affect v. 影响；感动；侵袭
[练通] 单句语法填空
①(2016·四川高考)These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.
②The law of celebrating the Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival has come into effect all over the country.
③Though side effects (effect) from aspirin are not common, they can occur.
[写美] 补全句子
④就我个人来说，我过去经常尝试一些有效的方法以实现我的学业目标。
Personally, I used_to_try_effective_methods to achieve my academic goals.
[联想] 表示“实际上”的表达还有：in fact; in reality; in practice; actually; as a matter of fact等。
2．seek v．(sought, sought)寻求，寻找；追求；探索；试图
[记牢]
seek out 挑选出；找出
seek to do sth. 试图/争取做某事
seek (after/for) sth./sb. 追寻某物/某人
hideandseek 捉迷藏；躲猫猫
[练通]
单句语法填空
①We seek_to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)He was in trouble and sought (seek) the help of a private lawyer.
③They sought out a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.
补全句子
④My lives are busy doing homework, playing sports, making friends, seeking_after_my_dreams.
我的生活忙于做作业、做运动、交朋友、追寻梦想。
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤(2015·湖北高考写作)从这次经历中，我知道了质疑能帮助我们探寻真理和学到更多的知识。
From_this_experience_I_have_learnt_that_questioning_helps_us_to_seek_the_truth_and_learn_more_knowledge.
3．blame n．(对错事或坏事应负的)责任；过失v.责备；谴责；把……归咎于
[记牢]
(1)blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for ...) (因……)应受责备；
(对……)应负责任
(2)take/accept the blame (for) (为……) 承担责任
lay/put the blame (for sth.) on sb. (把某事)归咎于某人
[练通] 单句语法填空
①He is thought to have acted foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
[用准] 在be to blame (for)短语中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
[写美] 补全句子
③一些学生因他们对待别人不礼貌和粗鲁的态度而应该受到责备。
Some students are_to_blame_for their impolite and rude attitude toward others.
4．inspire v．鼓舞，激励，鼓励，激发
[记牢]
(1)inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth. ＝ inspire sth. in sb.
以……激励某人；激起某人的……
(2)inspired adj. 品质优秀的；能力卓越的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
inspiration n. 灵感
[练通] 单句语法填空
①His speech was inspiring (inspire) and touched everyone's heart.
②(2018·天津高考)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to_explore (explore) the outer space.
③(2017·北京高考)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations (inspire) for great inventions.
[写美] 句型转换
④His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
→His encouraging remarks inspired_me_with_confidence.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Were it not for music, life would be dull (枯燥的)．
2．Friendship has been the favorite subject (主题) of movie makers for a long time.
3．Get off in Chongqing and drive to Chengdu for an overnight (持续整夜的) stay.
4．Thanks to the help of several passersby (路人), they were sent to hospital in time.
5．Regretfully, the driver didn't stop but fled (逃走) as quickly as possible.
6．Some experts think reading is the fundamental (基本的) skill upon which school education depends.
7．Don't be so serious. I merely (仅仅) played a joke on you.
8．Some people like to put the blame (责任) on the industrial revolutions.
9．(2016·江苏高考)Not until recently did the government encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural (农村的) areas.
10．One should always be full of passion (激情) in his life no matter how old he is.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．When seeking (seek) for a job, a college graduate is at a disadvantage in terms of working experience.
2．With inspiration (inspire) from other food cultures, Chinese food culture can take a turn for the better.
3．The doctor is skilled (skill) at treating heart trouble, so he has a very good reputation.
4．Go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise, which is an effective (effect) way to get rid of your anger.
5．The word media basically (basic) refers to what we commonly call newspapers, magazines, radios and televisions.
6．Martial Art Films are supposed to be educational, inspiring (inspire), as well as entertaining.
7．(2018·江苏高考)Some social app companies were to_blame (blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
8．Suspecting (suspect) him of robbing the bank, the police were monitoring his phone calls.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．妈妈用她艰苦的童年故事来激励我们。(inspire)
Mother inspires_us_with_stories of her difficult childhood.
2．我准备为这一错误承担责任。(blame)
I am ready to_take/accept_the_blame_for_the_mistake.
3．在你开始找工作之前，你必须清楚你的长处和短处。(seek)
Before_you_begin_to_seek_a_job,_you must be clear about your strengths and your weaknesses.
4．允许所有夫妇生育二孩的法律于2016年1月1日正式生效。(effect)
The law of allowing all couples to have a second child took_effect/came_into_effect/was_put_into_effect_officially on Jan. 1st, 2016.
5．我们学校呼吁学生每天至少抽出一个小时锻炼身体以保持健康。(appeal)
Our school appeals_to_the_students_to_set_aside at least an hour every day to do sports in order to keep fit.
(一)课前自主学习
1．depend_on 依靠，依赖；取决于(条件、情况)
2．in_history 历史上
3．leave_for 出发去某地
4．leave_sth._behind_ 把……抛在后面
5．on_behalf_of_ 代表……
6．get_tired_of_doing_sth. 厌倦做某事；厌烦做某事
7．at_liberty [串记1] 获得自由的
8．up_to 到(某个数量)
9．lead_to 导致，通向，通往
10．take_up 从事，开始做(某项工作)；占据
11．in_short 总之；简而言之
12．contrast_with [串记2] 与……形成对照
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“at＋n.”短语聚一起
①at liberty 获得自由的
②at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
③at present 目前，现在
④at random 随便地，任意地
⑤at length 最终
⑥at times 有时；偶尔
⑦at work 在工作
串记2.聚焦“v.＋with”短语
①contrast with 与……形成对照
②deal/do with 处理；对付
③meet with 会见；会晤
④agree with 同意
⑤disagree with 不同意
⑥begin with 以……开始
1．hear_of 听说
2．the beginning of ……的开端
3．go hand_in_hand 携手共进
4．compared with 与……相比
5._for_all time 永远；一直
6．for half an hour or_so 半个小时左右
7．be thirsty_for knowledge 渴求知识
8．write out by_hand 手工抄写
1．It_is_believed_to_be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.
它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画风格的最好代表作，这种风格一经使用就使人们惊叹不已。
2．Painters discovered how_to_use perspective and the effects of light ...
画家们发现了如何使用透视法和光线的效果……
3．So you can walk along a street for half an hour or so and end up five minutes from_where_you_started.
那么你有可能沿街走了半个小时左右，结果离你出发的地点实际仅有五分钟的路程。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 完形中的短语(补全句子)
1．(2018·天津高考完形填空)Thinking hard about it, I came to realize that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were depending_on (依靠) me.
2．(2009·辽宁高考完形填空)The moment he was about to leave_for_the_hospital (动身去医院), he saw on the desk the still new book, just as he had left it one year ago.
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)
1．(2016·天津高考书面表达)代表我们学校，我想表达我的感受。
On_behalf_of_my_school,_I would like to express my feelings.
2．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)对有些人来说它是有益的，然而它却使另一些人陷入了投票和不投票的两难境地。(“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构)
It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether_to_vote_or_not.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．depend on依靠，依赖；取决于(条件、情况)
[记牢]
depend on sb. doing/to do sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事
depend on sb.for sth. 指望/依赖某人得到某物
depend on/upon it that ... 相信/指望……
It (just/all) depends. 视情况而定。
[练通] 单句语法填空
①I know we can depend on her dealing/to_deal (deal) with the tough situation.
②Don't worry. You can depend on_it that he'll turn up on time. He always keeps his promises.
[用准] rely on, depend on/upon, see to 等词后接that 从句作宾语时，必须先用 it 作形式宾语。
[写美] 补全句子
③依赖快餐可能会导致一个人遭受缺乏营养的痛苦。
Depending_on_fast_food may cause a person to suffer from lack of nutrition.
2．leave sth. behind把……抛在后面；遗留；留下
[记牢]
leave alone 不打扰；不干涉；不管；不理
leave for 动身去某地
leave off 停止；中断
leave aside 不考虑；忽视；搁在一边
leave out 遗漏，省略，删去，不考虑
leave ... to ... 把……交由……处理
[练通] 用适当的介、副词填空
①(2017·11月浙江高考)We were never actually left behind in a strange city, but we weren't about to take any chances.
②I met Professor Green in the street the other day and he told me he would soon leave for Britain.
③Leave alone the boy; he can make up his own mind.
④Harry took up the story at the point where John had left off.
⑤The editors decided to leave out this chapter to make the book shorter.
[写美] 补全句子
⑥如果可以的话，请留下你的联系方式，以便进一步沟通。
If may, please leave_behind_your_contact_method,_in order to further links up.
[句式集释]
“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构
[教材原句] Painters discovered how_to_use_perspective and the effects of light ...
[悟拓展例句]
(1)When_and_where_to_hold_the_meeting remains to be discussed further.何时何地举行会议有待于进一步讨论。
(2)They always told me what_to_do_and_how_to_do_it.
他们总是告诉我该做什么以及怎么做。
(3)The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble.
→The boy is too young to know what_he_should_do in trouble.
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，疑问词包括疑问代词(who, what, which)和疑问副词(when, where, how)。
(2)“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构可转换为从句。
注意事项
(1)在“疑问代词＋不定式”结构中，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。
(2)按英语习惯，疑问词why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why not 开头的省略疑问句中，其后可跟不带to 的不定式。
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·北京高考书面表达)With their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea.(要点句)
(2)(2018·天津高考书面表达)I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots.(总结句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
depend on， leave for， leave sth. behind， on behalf of， get tired of， up to， lead to， take up
1．The chairman signed the document on_behalf_of the company.
2．When did you take_up Spanish as a second foreign language?
3．There is only one of the oldest customs that has been kept in this district up_to now.
4．We're sure that the measures will lead_to a large increase in our production.
5．There are so many books! It is not easy for us to decide which to take and which to leave_behind.
6．The boy was in such an anxious rush when he left_for school that he left his key inside the house.
7．Never get_tired_of doing little things for others. Sometimes those things occupy the biggest part of their hearts.
8．While shopping, you should make your own decision. You cannot simply depend_on_what is advertised on TV.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．此外，我们应该学习如何与他人相处好。(“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作宾语)
In addition, we should learn_how_to_get_along_well_with_others.
2．城堡里的很多画被认为是在2009年的一场火灾中被毁掉的。(be believed to)
A number of paintings in this castle are_believed_to_have_been_destroyed in a fire in 2009.
3．他爬到寺庙顶上，从那儿他除了树什么也看不到。(from where)
He climbed up to the top of the temple, from_where_he_could_see_nothing_but_trees.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华，你的同学王明最近代表学校参加了绘画比赛。尽管他的作品以和平为主题，但是评委们认为他的作品过于沉闷，缺乏激情。王明没有获奖情绪低落。请你就此事给王明写一封信对他表示安慰。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文是应用文中的劝慰信。时态是一般过去时，人称是第二人称。本文可分为三个要点。要点1陈述写信的背景，点明王明参加了绘画比赛但没有获奖的心情；要点2分析对方遇到的问题，简单介绍作品特点；要点3阐述个人观点并表示安慰。其中要点2可以从作品的主题，评委对作品的看法来写；要点3可以从艺术的追求和艺术天赋方面进行劝说。
要点1－①：你最近代表学校参加了绘画比赛。(participate in)
Recently_you_participated_in_a_painting_competition_on_behalf_of_your_school.
要点1－②：你没有获奖，这让你情绪低落。(disturb)
You_didn't_win_the_prize_and_it_disturbed_you_a_lot.
要点2－①：我知道你的作品以“和平”为主题，呼吁人们珍爱和平，铭记历史。(appeal to, cherish)
I_know_that_the_subject_of_your_work_is_“peace”_which_appeals_to_people_to_cherish_peace_and_remember_history.
要点2－②：评委们认为你的作品过于沉闷，缺乏激情。(passion)
The_judges_believed_that_your_work_was_too_dull_and_lacked_passion.
要点3－①：你不应该受到责备，你追求的是艺术的真谛。(true meaning)
You_are_not_to_blame._You_seek_after_the_true_meaning_of_art.
要点3－②：你有绘画天赋，不要让这次失败对你产生消极的影响。(negative)
You_are_gifted_at_drawing,_and_you_shouldn't_let_this_failure_have_a_negative_effect_on_you.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
在表达要点时，要注意多使用一些必要的状语、定语等使内容充实。例如在要点1－①中添加“我很抱歉得知”这一修饰语，并用but 连接词、非限制性定语从句和要点1－②合并；在要点3－②中用分词作状语增加“在通往艺术的道路上你还有很长的路要走”。
拓展要点1：我很抱歉得知你最近代表学校参加了绘画比赛，但没有获奖，这让你情绪低落。(用 which引导的非限制性定语从句)
I'm_sorry_to_know_that_recently_you_participated_in_a_painting_competition_on_behalf_of_your_school,_but_you_didn't_win_the_prize,_which_disturbed_you_a_lot.
拓展要点3－②：在通往艺术的道路上你还有很长的路要走。你有绘画天赋，不要让这次失败对你产生消极的影响。(用现在分词作状语)
Having_a_lot_to_do_on_the_way_leading_to_the_art_and_being_gifted_at_drawing,_you_shouldn't_let_this_failure_have_a_negative_effect_on_you.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本习作中各要点之间可用however， from where I stand， because等衔接词进行过渡，使文章逻辑严密；结尾可用“Hope to see you cheering up again.”来表达对王明的祝福。
Dear_Wang_Ming，
I'm_sorry_to_know_that_recently_you_participated_in_a_painting_competition_on_behalf_of_your_school,_but_you_didn't_win_the_prize,_which_disturbed_you_a_lot.
I_know_that_the_subject_of_your_work_is_“peace”_which_appeals_to_people_to_cherish_peace_and_remember_history.However,_the_judges_believed_that_your_work_was_too_dull_and_lacked_passion._From_where_I_stand,_you_are_not_to_blame_because_you_seek_after_the_true_meaning_of_art._Having_a_lot_to_do_on_the_way_leading_to_the_art_and_being_gifted_at_drawing,_you_shouldn't_let_this_failure_have_a_negative_effect_on_you.
Hope_to_see_you_cheering_up_again.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．frontier n． 新领域
2．anecdote n. 趣闻，轶事
3．spokesman n. 发言人；代言人
4．burglar n. 窃贼，小偷
5．antique adj. 古时制造的，古董的
6．basement n. 地下室；地下层
7．courtyard n. 庭院，院子
8．parcel n. (小)包裹
9．circulate v. 流传；传播
10．tentative adj. 不确定的；试探性的
11．substitute n. 代替物；代替品
12．outcome n. 结果；后果
13．manuscript n. 底稿；手稿
14．squeeze v. 榨出；挤出；压出(液体)
15．overnight adj. 持续整夜的
16．work n. 作品
17．official n. 官员，高级职员
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．dull adj. 枯燥的；沉闷的
2．subject n. (绘画，摄影等的)主题
3．seek v．[纵联1] 寻找；寻求
4．passerby n. (过)路人
5．flee v. 逃跑，逃掉
6．behalf n. 方面；利益
7．fundamental adj. 根本的；基本的
8．merely adv. 仅仅；只不过
9．blame n．[纵联2] (对错事或坏事应负的)责任
10．rural adj. 农村的；乡村的
11．chief adj. 最重要的；首要的
12．drawback n. 不利因素
13．loss n. 丢失；丧失
14．superb adj. 极好的；超级的
15．passion n. 激情，热爱
16．tax v. 对……征税，向……课税
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.被打扰的；不安的；精神失常的→disturb v．打扰；扰乱；使不安 [纵联3]
2．basically adv.基本上，本质上，大致说来→basic adj.基本的；基础的；初级的→base n．基础 v．以……为基础
3．effect n．效果；作用→effective adj.有效的；实际的
4．motivate v．激发，激励→motivation n．动机；刺激；推动
5．skilled adj.有技巧的，熟练的→skill n．技能；技巧→skillful adj.灵巧的 [纵联4]
6．appeal v．恳求；呼吁n.魅力，吸引力→appealing adj.有吸引力的；动人的
7．suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人；可疑分子 v．怀疑→suspicious adj.可疑的
8．gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的→gift n．天赋；天才；礼物
9．inspire v．鼓舞；激励→inspiration n．灵感，启示；鼓舞
10．profession n．职业→professional adj.专业的；职业的→professor n．教授
纵联1.多途径的“寻找”
①seek v．寻找；寻求 ②explore v．探索，探究
③track v．跟踪；追踪 ④search v．搜寻；搜索
⑤hunt v．寻找；搜索 ⑥find v．寻找；找寻
纵联2.不一样的“责备”
①blame vt.指责；责备 ②charge vt.控告；指责
③accuse vt.控告，指控；谴责 ④scold vt.责骂
⑤condemn vt.谴责；声讨
纵联3.“打扰，麻烦”看一看
①disturb v．打扰，扰乱 ②trouble v．麻烦，使烦恼
③bother v．烦扰，打扰 ④interrupt v．打扰，打断
纵联4.“名词＋后缀ed”全扫描
①skilled adj.有技巧的 ②aged adj.上年纪的
③gifted adj.有才华的 ④talented adj.有才能的
⑤experienced adj.有经验的 ⑥interested adj.感兴趣的
⑦manned adj.需人操纵的 ⑧learned adj.有学问的
单元话题——文学与艺术
子话题1 绘画雕塑
①studio n．画室 ②workshop n．工作间
③gallery n．画廊 ④portrait n．画像
⑤sketch n．草图；素描 ⑥painting n．油画；水彩画
⑦sculpture n．雕塑，雕刻品 ⑧statue n．塑像；雕像
⑨pigment n．颜料 ⑩frame n．画框
⑪canvas n．画布 ⑫masterpiece n．杰作
子话题2 艺术欣赏
①classic adj.经典的 ②unique adj.独特的
③abstract adj.抽象的 ④exhibition n．展览
⑤display v．展示；陈列 ⑥extraordinary adj.非凡的
⑦visual adj.视觉的 ⑧magnificent adj.壮观的
⑨vivid adj.生动的 ⑩valuable adj.有价值的
⑪fancy adj.奇特的 ⑫style n．风格；类型
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2018·江苏高考任务型阅读)These people earn a living wage for their __❶__ (profession) knowledge and skills❷.
①用profession的正确形式填空：professional；其同根词professor意为：教授
②写出skill在本单元中的同根形容词：skilled；其近义词为：skillful
2．(2012·北京高考阅读A)Basic❶ Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the __❷__ (fundamental) of more tricky areas.
①写出basic在本单元中的副词形式：basically；其名词形式basis的复数形式为：bases
②用fundamental的正确形式填空：fundamentals_
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2013·四川高考书面表达)然而，那些枯燥的课程需要我们的决心、自控力和自信。(dull)
However,_those_dull_lessons_require_our_determination,_selfcontrolling_ability_and_confidence.
2. (2012·山东高考写作)作为一名高中生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的学科。(subject)
As_a_high_school_student,_I_consider_English_a_very_important_subject.
3．(2012·江苏高考书面表达)说实话，这是苏(华)的过错，但李(江)也应受责备——他们不够冷静，并说了一些很刻薄的话。(blame)
To_be_honest,_it_was_Su's_fault_but_Li_was_also_to_blame_—_they_were_not_calm_enough_and_both_said_some_really_mean_things.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．effect n．效果；作用；影响
[记牢]
(1)have an/no effect on 对……有/没有影响
bring/put ...into effect 使……生效
come/go into effect 开始生效，开始实施
take effect 见效，生效，实施
in effect 实际上；事实上
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的；显著的；实际的
(3)affect v. 影响；感动；侵袭
[练通] 单句语法填空
①(2016·四川高考)These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.
②The law of celebrating the Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival has come into effect all over the country.
③Though side effects (effect) from aspirin are not common, they can occur.
[写美] 补全句子
④就我个人来说，我过去经常尝试一些有效的方法以实现我的学业目标。
Personally, I used_to_try_effective_methods to achieve my academic goals.
[联想] 表示“实际上”的表达还有：in fact; in reality; in practice; actually; as a matter of fact等。
2．seek v．(sought, sought)寻求，寻找；追求；探索；试图
[记牢]
seek out 挑选出；找出
seek to do sth. 试图/争取做某事
seek (after/for) sth./sb. 追寻某物/某人
hideandseek 捉迷藏；躲猫猫
[练通]
单句语法填空
①We seek_to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)He was in trouble and sought (seek) the help of a private lawyer.
③They sought out a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.
补全句子
④My lives are busy doing homework, playing sports, making friends, seeking_after_my_dreams.
我的生活忙于做作业、做运动、交朋友、追寻梦想。
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤(2015·湖北高考写作)从这次经历中，我知道了质疑能帮助我们探寻真理和学到更多的知识。
From_this_experience_I_have_learnt_that_questioning_helps_us_to_seek_the_truth_and_learn_more_knowledge.
3．blame n．(对错事或坏事应负的)责任；过失v.责备；谴责；把……归咎于
[记牢]
(1)blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for ...) (因……)应受责备；
(对……)应负责任
(2)take/accept the blame (for) (为……) 承担责任
lay/put the blame (for sth.) on sb. (把某事)归咎于某人
[练通] 单句语法填空
①He is thought to have acted foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
[用准] 在be to blame (for)短语中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
[写美] 补全句子
③一些学生因他们对待别人不礼貌和粗鲁的态度而应该受到责备。
Some students are_to_blame_for their impolite and rude attitude toward others.
4．inspire v．鼓舞，激励，鼓励，激发
[记牢]
(1)inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth. ＝ inspire sth. in sb.
以……激励某人；激起某人的……
(2)inspired adj. 品质优秀的；能力卓越的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
inspiration n. 灵感
[练通] 单句语法填空
①His speech was inspiring (inspire) and touched everyone's heart.
②(2018·天津高考)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to_explore (explore) the outer space.
③(2017·北京高考)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations (inspire) for great inventions.
[写美] 句型转换
④His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
→His encouraging remarks inspired_me_with_confidence.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Were it not for music, life would be dull (枯燥的)．
2．Friendship has been the favorite subject (主题) of movie makers for a long time.
3．Get off in Chongqing and drive to Chengdu for an overnight (持续整夜的) stay.
4．Thanks to the help of several passersby (路人), they were sent to hospital in time.
5．Regretfully, the driver didn't stop but fled (逃走) as quickly as possible.
6．Some experts think reading is the fundamental (基本的) skill upon which school education depends.
7．Don't be so serious. I merely (仅仅) played a joke on you.
8．Some people like to put the blame (责任) on the industrial revolutions.
9．(2016·江苏高考)Not until recently did the government encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural (农村的) areas.
10．One should always be full of passion (激情) in his life no matter how old he is.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．When seeking (seek) for a job, a college graduate is at a disadvantage in terms of working experience.
2．With inspiration (inspire) from other food cultures, Chinese food culture can take a turn for the better.
3．The doctor is skilled (skill) at treating heart trouble, so he has a very good reputation.
4．Go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise, which is an effective (effect) way to get rid of your anger.
5．The word media basically (basic) refers to what we commonly call newspapers, magazines, radios and televisions.
6．Martial Art Films are supposed to be educational, inspiring (inspire), as well as entertaining.
7．(2018·江苏高考)Some social app companies were to_blame (blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
8．Suspecting (suspect) him of robbing the bank, the police were monitoring his phone calls.
Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子
1．妈妈用她艰苦的童年故事来激励我们。(inspire)
Mother inspires_us_with_stories of her difficult childhood.
2．我准备为这一错误承担责任。(blame)
I am ready to_take/accept_the_blame_for_the_mistake.
3．在你开始找工作之前，你必须清楚你的长处和短处。(seek)
Before_you_begin_to_seek_a_job,_you must be clear about your strengths and your weaknesses.
4．允许所有夫妇生育二孩的法律于2016年1月1日正式生效。(effect)
The law of allowing all couples to have a second child took_effect/came_into_effect/was_put_into_effect_officially on Jan. 1st, 2016.
5．我们学校呼吁学生每天至少抽出一个小时锻炼身体以保持健康。(appeal)
Our school appeals_to_the_students_to_set_aside at least an hour every day to do sports in order to keep fit.
(一)课前自主学习
1．depend_on 依靠，依赖；取决于(条件、情况)
2．in_history 历史上
3．leave_for 出发去某地
4．leave_sth._behind_ 把……抛在后面
5．on_behalf_of_ 代表……
6．get_tired_of_doing_sth. 厌倦做某事；厌烦做某事
7．at_liberty [串记1] 获得自由的
8．up_to 到(某个数量)
9．lead_to 导致，通向，通往
10．take_up 从事，开始做(某项工作)；占据
11．in_short 总之；简而言之
12．contrast_with [串记2] 与……形成对照
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“at＋n.”短语聚一起
①at liberty 获得自由的
②at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
③at present 目前，现在
④at random 随便地，任意地
⑤at length 最终
⑥at times 有时；偶尔
⑦at work 在工作
串记2.聚焦“v.＋with”短语
①contrast with 与……形成对照
②deal/do with 处理；对付
③meet with 会见；会晤
④agree with 同意
⑤disagree with 不同意
⑥begin with 以……开始
1．hear_of 听说
2．the beginning of ……的开端
3．go hand_in_hand 携手共进
4．compared with 与……相比
5._for_all time 永远；一直
6．for half an hour or_so 半个小时左右
7．be thirsty_for knowledge 渴求知识
8．write out by_hand 手工抄写
1．It_is_believed_to_be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.
它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画风格的最好代表作，这种风格一经使用就使人们惊叹不已。
2．Painters discovered how_to_use perspective and the effects of light ...
画家们发现了如何使用透视法和光线的效果……
3．So you can walk along a street for half an hour or so and end up five minutes from_where_you_started.
那么你有可能沿街走了半个小时左右，结果离你出发的地点实际仅有五分钟的路程。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 完形中的短语(补全句子)
1．(2018·天津高考完形填空)Thinking hard about it, I came to realize that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were depending_on (依靠) me.
2．(2009·辽宁高考完形填空)The moment he was about to leave_for_the_hospital (动身去医院), he saw on the desk the still new book, just as he had left it one year ago.
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)
1．(2016·天津高考书面表达)代表我们学校，我想表达我的感受。
On_behalf_of_my_school,_I would like to express my feelings.
2．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)对有些人来说它是有益的，然而它却使另一些人陷入了投票和不投票的两难境地。(“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构)
It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether_to_vote_or_not.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．depend on依靠，依赖；取决于(条件、情况)
[记牢]
depend on sb. doing/to do sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事
depend on sb.for sth. 指望/依赖某人得到某物
depend on/upon it that ... 相信/指望……
It (just/all) depends. 视情况而定。
[练通] 单句语法填空
①I know we can depend on her dealing/to_deal (deal) with the tough situation.
②Don't worry. You can depend on_it that he'll turn up on time. He always keeps his promises.
[用准] rely on, depend on/upon, see to 等词后接that 从句作宾语时，必须先用 it 作形式宾语。
[写美] 补全句子
③依赖快餐可能会导致一个人遭受缺乏营养的痛苦。
Depending_on_fast_food may cause a person to suffer from lack of nutrition.
2．leave sth. behind把……抛在后面；遗留；留下
[记牢]
leave alone 不打扰；不干涉；不管；不理
leave for 动身去某地
leave off 停止；中断
leave aside 不考虑；忽视；搁在一边
leave out 遗漏，省略，删去，不考虑
leave ... to ... 把……交由……处理
[练通] 用适当的介、副词填空
①(2017·11月浙江高考)We were never actually left behind in a strange city, but we weren't about to take any chances.
②I met Professor Green in the street the other day and he told me he would soon leave for Britain.
③Leave alone the boy; he can make up his own mind.
④Harry took up the story at the point where John had left off.
⑤The editors decided to leave out this chapter to make the book shorter.
[写美] 补全句子
⑥如果可以的话，请留下你的联系方式，以便进一步沟通。
If may, please leave_behind_your_contact_method,_in order to further links up.
[句式集释]
“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构
[教材原句] Painters discovered how_to_use_perspective and the effects of light ...
[悟拓展例句]
(1)When_and_where_to_hold_the_meeting remains to be discussed further.何时何地举行会议有待于进一步讨论。
(2)They always told me what_to_do_and_how_to_do_it.
他们总是告诉我该做什么以及怎么做。
(3)The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble.
→The boy is too young to know what_he_should_do in trouble.
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，疑问词包括疑问代词(who, what, which)和疑问副词(when, where, how)。
(2)“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构可转换为从句。
注意事项
(1)在“疑问代词＋不定式”结构中，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。
(2)按英语习惯，疑问词why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why not 开头的省略疑问句中，其后可跟不带to 的不定式。
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·北京高考书面表达)With their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea.(要点句)
(2)(2018·天津高考书面表达)I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots.(总结句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
depend on， leave for， leave sth. behind， on behalf of， get tired of， up to， lead to， take up
1．The chairman signed the document on_behalf_of the company.
2．When did you take_up Spanish as a second foreign language?
3．There is only one of the oldest customs that has been kept in this district up_to now.
4．We're sure that the measures will lead_to a large increase in our production.
5．There are so many books! It is not easy for us to decide which to take and which to leave_behind.
6．The boy was in such an anxious rush when he left_for school that he left his key inside the house.
7．Never get_tired_of doing little things for others. Sometimes those things occupy the biggest part of their hearts.
8．While shopping, you should make your own decision. You cannot simply depend_on_what is advertised on TV.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．此外，我们应该学习如何与他人相处好。(“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作宾语)
In addition, we should learn_how_to_get_along_well_with_others.
2．城堡里的很多画被认为是在2009年的一场火灾中被毁掉的。(be believed to)
A number of paintings in this castle are_believed_to_have_been_destroyed in a fire in 2009.
3．他爬到寺庙顶上，从那儿他除了树什么也看不到。(from where)
He climbed up to the top of the temple, from_where_he_could_see_nothing_but_trees.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是李华，你的同学王明最近代表学校参加了绘画比赛。尽管他的作品以和平为主题，但是评委们认为他的作品过于沉闷，缺乏激情。王明没有获奖情绪低落。请你就此事给王明写一封信对他表示安慰。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文是应用文中的劝慰信。时态是一般过去时，人称是第二人称。本文可分为三个要点。要点1陈述写信的背景，点明王明参加了绘画比赛但没有获奖的心情；要点2分析对方遇到的问题，简单介绍作品特点；要点3阐述个人观点并表示安慰。其中要点2可以从作品的主题，评委对作品的看法来写；要点3可以从艺术的追求和艺术天赋方面进行劝说。
要点1－①：你最近代表学校参加了绘画比赛。(participate in)
Recently_you_participated_in_a_painting_competition_on_behalf_of_your_school.
要点1－②：你没有获奖，这让你情绪低落。(disturb)
You_didn't_win_the_prize_and_it_disturbed_you_a_lot.
要点2－①：我知道你的作品以“和平”为主题，呼吁人们珍爱和平，铭记历史。(appeal to, cherish)
I_know_that_the_subject_of_your_work_is_“peace”_which_appeals_to_people_to_cherish_peace_and_remember_history.
要点2－②：评委们认为你的作品过于沉闷，缺乏激情。(passion)
The_judges_believed_that_your_work_was_too_dull_and_lacked_passion.
要点3－①：你不应该受到责备，你追求的是艺术的真谛。(true meaning)
You_are_not_to_blame._You_seek_after_the_true_meaning_of_art.
要点3－②：你有绘画天赋，不要让这次失败对你产生消极的影响。(negative)
You_are_gifted_at_drawing,_and_you_shouldn't_let_this_failure_have_a_negative_effect_on_you.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
在表达要点时，要注意多使用一些必要的状语、定语等使内容充实。例如在要点1－①中添加“我很抱歉得知”这一修饰语，并用but 连接词、非限制性定语从句和要点1－②合并；在要点3－②中用分词作状语增加“在通往艺术的道路上你还有很长的路要走”。
拓展要点1：我很抱歉得知你最近代表学校参加了绘画比赛，但没有获奖，这让你情绪低落。(用 which引导的非限制性定语从句)
I'm_sorry_to_know_that_recently_you_participated_in_a_painting_competition_on_behalf_of_your_school,_but_you_didn't_win_the_prize,_which_disturbed_you_a_lot.
拓展要点3－②：在通往艺术的道路上你还有很长的路要走。你有绘画天赋，不要让这次失败对你产生消极的影响。(用现在分词作状语)
Having_a_lot_to_do_on_the_way_leading_to_the_art_and_being_gifted_at_drawing,_you_shouldn't_let_this_failure_have_a_negative_effect_on_you.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本习作中各要点之间可用however， from where I stand， because等衔接词进行过渡，使文章逻辑严密；结尾可用“Hope to see you cheering up again.”来表达对王明的祝福。
Dear_Wang_Ming，
I'm_sorry_to_know_that_recently_you_participated_in_a_painting_competition_on_behalf_of_your_school,_but_you_didn't_win_the_prize,_which_disturbed_you_a_lot.
I_know_that_the_subject_of_your_work_is_“peace”_which_appeals_to_people_to_cherish_peace_and_remember_history.However,_the_judges_believed_that_your_work_was_too_dull_and_lacked_passion._From_where_I_stand,_you_are_not_to_blame_because_you_seek_after_the_true_meaning_of_art._Having_a_lot_to_do_on_the_way_leading_to_the_art_and_being_gifted_at_drawing,_you_shouldn't_let_this_failure_have_a_negative_effect_on_you.
Hope_to_see_you_cheering_up_again.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
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