还剩14页未读，
继续阅读
2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习人教全国版讲义：选修7Unit4Sharing
展开
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．fortnight n． 两星期
2．muddy adj. 泥泞的；泥土般的
3．textbook n. 教科书；课本
4．rectangle n. 矩形；长方形
5．rectangular adj. 长方形的；矩形的
6．broom n. 扫帚
7．sniff vt.&vi. 嗅；闻；用鼻子吸
8．interpreter n. 作口译的人
9．grill n. 烤架；大平底锅
v. 烧烤；炙烤
10．evil n. 邪恶；罪恶
adj. 邪恶的
11．paperwork n. 文书工作
12．toast vt. 烤(面包等)；敬酒
n. 烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯
13．astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人
14．financial adj. 财务的；金融的；财政的
15．catalogue n. 目录
16．trunk n. 树干；躯干；大衣箱
17．click vi.&vt. (使)发出咔嗒声
n. 咔嗒声
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．platform n. 台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台
2．economic adj. 经济的；经济学的
3．concept n. 观念；概念
4．relevant adj. 有关的；切题的
5．otherwise conj. 否则；不然
adv. 用别的方法；其他方面
6．purchase vt.&n. 买；购买
7．privilege n. 特权；特别优待
8．weekly adj.&adv. 每周(的)
9．remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的
10．weed n. 杂草；野草
vt.& vi. 除杂草
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应[纵联1]
2．participate vi.参与；参加→participation n．参加；参与→participant n．参与者；参加者
3．arrangement n．安排；排列；整理→arrange v．安排；排列；整理
4．donate vt.捐赠→donation n．捐赠；捐献→donator n．捐赠者
5．voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→volunteer n．自(志)愿者 vi.自(志)愿做
6．political adj.政治的；政党的→politics n．政治
7．distribute vt.分配；分发→distribution n．分配；分发；分布状态
8．security n．安全；保护；保障→secure vt.使安全 adj.安全的[纵联2]
9．operate vi.工作；运转 vt.操作→operation n．手术；运转；操作→operator n．操作人员
纵联1.后缀“able”形容词大观园
①adjustable可调节的 ②respectable可敬的
③adaptable可适应的 ④reasonable合理的
⑤favorable有利的 ⑥unbelievable不可信的
⑦reliable可依赖的 ⑧admirable仰慕的
⑨comfortable舒适的 ⑩suitable合适的
纵联2.“ty”结尾名词不甘示弱
①security安全 ②necessity必需品
③similarity相似(性) ④possibility可能(性)
⑤quality质量；品质 ⑥quantity数量
⑦identity身份；一致性 ⑧dignity尊严；自豪
⑨equality平等性 ⑩variety种类；多样性
单元话题——人际关系
子话题1 志愿服务
①access n接近；获得 ②acquire v．取得；获得
③accumulate v．积累 ④experience n．经验；经历
⑤advantage n．优点 ⑥associate n．联想；交往
⑦assist vt.帮助；协助 ⑧unforgettable adj.难忘的
⑨meaningful adj.有意义的 ⑩promote vt.促进；提升
⑪offer v．提供 ⑫challenge n．挑战
子话题2 社会交往
①regards n．致意；问候 ②congratulate vt.祝贺
③persuade vt.说服；劝说 ④invite vt.邀请
⑤introduce vt.介绍 ⑥appreciate vt.欣赏；感激
⑦celebrate vt.庆祝 ⑧admit vt.承认；允许
⑨recommend vt.推荐；介绍 ⑩remind vt.提醒
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2015·江苏高考阅读B)The U．S.Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution❶， and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance, buying❷ reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept❸ of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste.
①distribution在本单元的动词形式为：distribute，意为：分配；分发
②写出加彩单词在本单元的近义词：purchase，该单词还可以作名词，意为“采购，购买的东西”
③写出concept在句中的含义：观念
2．(2015·江苏高考阅读C)Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer❶.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.For example, people volunteer to express personal values related❷ to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish ❸ (participate)．To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
①加彩单词的词性为：动词，意为：志愿做，在本单元的形容词为：voluntary，意为：自愿的；无偿的
②加彩单词在本单元中的近义词为：relevant，意为：相关的
③用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空：to_participate
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·浙江高考写作)另一方面，我在一家旅行社做过兼职，积累了相关经验，这帮助了我适应了与不同的人相处。(relevant, adjust)
For_another,_I_have_accumulated_relevant_experience_by_working_parttime_in_a_travel_agency,_which_helps_me_adjust_to_getting_along_with_different_people.
2．(2015·天津高考书面表达)我写这封邮件是告诉你一些我们捐赠的图书的情况。这些书将会尽快分发到每个学生手中。(donate, distribute)
I_am_writing_an_email_to_tell_you_something_about_our_donated_books,_which_will_be_distributed_to_each_student_as_soon_as_possible.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．adjust vi.&vt.调整；(使)适合；(使)适应
[记牢]
(1)adjust ...to (doing) sth. 调整……以适应(做)某事
adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……
(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应
make an adjustment to 对……做出调整
[练通]
单句语法填空
①It took him quite a while to adjust to living (live) alone after his parents passed away.
②We have made an adjustment (adjust) to our price and give you a special discount of 3 percent.
③Having_adjusted (adjust) themselves to earth's gravity upon landing for about 50 minutes, the three astronauts came out of the return capsule one after another.
单句改错
④I have learned how to be independent in a boarding school, which is beneficial to adjusting the college life.adjusting后加to
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)我相信你能很快适应在北京的生活。
I believe that you can adjust yourself to the life in Beijing soon.
2．participate vi.参与；参加；分享
[记牢]
(1)participate in 参加；参与
participate with sb.in sth. 与某人一起分担某事
(2)participation n. 参加；参与
participant n. 参与者；参加者
[练通] 单句语法填空
①As scheduled, we participated in several instructive activities.
②It has found that on average, participants (participate) performed better on cognitive (认知的) tests in their 40s and 50s than they had done in their 20s.
③I sincerely hope that the festival will be a great success and I'm looking forward to your participation (participate)．
④You should participate with your friend in his sufferings.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)两队每天都要训练两小时，并定期参加比赛。
Both_teams_train_for_two_hours_a_day_and_participate_in_competitions_regularly.
3．otherwise conj.否则；不然 adv.用别的方法；其他方面adj.别的；另外的；不同的
[辨清] 写出下列句中otherwise的词性和含义
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it's probably running.
adj.别的；另外的
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.
conj.否则；不然
[记牢]
(1)otherwise conj.＝or (else)/if not 否则；要不然
(2)otherwise adv.＝in another way/apart from/differently
用其他办法；除……以外；别样；另外
and otherwise＝and so on 等等；及其他
or otherwise＝or contrary 或相反；或其反面
(3)otherwise adj.＝other/different 另外的；其他的； 不同的
[练通] 同义替换
③So from then on, I have been determined never to be dishonest.Otherwise (＝Or/Or_else) I will be looked down upon and lose all my friends.
④She is not very clever, but otherwise (＝differently/in_another_way) she's a nice girl.
[用准] 当otherwise后接句子，表示否定意义时，如果是假想的或与事实相反的情况，从句要用虚拟语气。
[写美] 补全句子
⑤我认为我们每个人都应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人，否则我们迟早要为自己的自私负责。
I argue that every one of us should try our best to help those in need.Otherwise we'll have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later.
4．donate v．捐赠；赠送
[记牢]
(1)donate ...to sb./sth. 把……捐赠给某人或某物
donate ...to do sth. 捐赠……做某事
(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献
make a donation to 向……捐赠
(3)donated adj. 捐赠的
[练通] 单句语法填空
①Luckily, many people and organizations donated a lot of money to_help (help) them receive college education smoothly.
②(2017·天津高考)I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project.It worked perfectly.Donations (donate) began flooding in from hundreds of people.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
[写美] 补全句子
④政府呼吁公众给贫穷的孩子提供捐赠。(donation)
The government appeals to the public to_make_a_donation_to_the_poor_children.
5．distribute vt.分配；分发；分布
[记牢]
(1)distribute ...to ... 把……分给……
distribute ...among ... 在……中分发……
(2)distribution n. 分配；分发；分布状态
[练通] 单句语法填空
①Then we distributed some presents such as books and school bags to/among them.
②Who will take charge of the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims?
③The existing medical knowledge and skills are not equally distributed (distribute) all over the world.
[写美] 补全句子
④(2018·北京高考书面表达)我告诉那些国际学生，茶广泛分布在全国各地。
I told those international students that tea_is_widely_distributed_all_over_the_country.
6．operate vi.工作；运转；给……动手术；起作用 vt.操作；经营
[辨清] 写出下列句中operate的含义
①The car is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it operating for an hour.运转
②More interestingly, I tried operating some aircraft by myself.操作
③If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn't have died.给……动手术
④My parents used to operate a small restaurant near the train station.经营
⑤This kind of material operates as a very effective protection.起作用
[记牢]
(1)operate on/upon sb. 给某人动手术
(2)operation n. 手术；运转；操作
be in operation 经营；营业
come/go into operation 开始工作/运转；生效
put/bring ...into operation 实施/施行……
[练通] 单句语法填空
⑥For most people, it's almost impossible to_operate (operate) a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet.
⑦I went through many eye operations_ (operate)in an attempt to keep my vision.
⑧We're all ready to put it into operation; in other words, we're going to take action as fast as possible.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑨(2016·6月浙江高考书面表达)虽然我压力很大，但我在比赛中表现很好并最终赢得了一等奖。
Though_I_was_under_great_pressure,_I_operated_well_in_the_contest_and_finally_won_first_prize.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What he learned at university is not relevant (有关的) to his job.
2．Besides, we need friends to share our joys and sorrows, otherwise (否则) we will feel lonely.
3．Christmas was almost upon us and presents needed to be purchased (购买)．
4．Just sit at a computer, click (点击) and choose, and you can find all kinds of different things online.
5．It's my privilege (荣幸) to have such an opportunity to live with your family.
6．My English teacher asked us to choose a topic, make a(n) weekly (每周的) plan and tell the class about it.
7．Our class are going to visit poor children in a remote (遥远的) mountainous area this weekend.
8．This_concept (理念；概念) gives a whole new meaning to the idea of how to live a simple but full life.
9．With the increasingly rapid economic (经济的) growth, more problems are brought to our attention.
10．My colleague and I have a lot of experience in web_security (安全), but it is not something that people couldn't learn.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself (he) to city life.
2．He donated part of his liver to_save (save) the stranger, which was really a touching story.
3．The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation (operate) on his knee.
4．People who approved of the reform urged that education resources (should)_be_distributed (distribute) among the members of society equally.
5．He has made arrangements (arrange) for the collection of his baggage from the airport.
6．Last Sunday, our class launched a voluntary (volunteer) activity whose theme was to make the city more beautiful and advocate a lowcarbon lifestyle.
7．They set off for the destination too late; otherwise they wouldn't have_been_stuck (stick) in the storm.
8．During the last three decades, the number of people participating (participate) in physical fitness programs has increased sharply.
9．If this product does not give you complete satisfaction，please return it to the manufacturer, stating when it was_purchased (purchase)．
10．The app WeChat provides a networking platform where communication has become faster and easier.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．We want to make a donation for the Hope Project, so we are organizing a charity show.for→to
2．I don't think what he said relevant to the topic we are discussing.relevant前加is
3．People were trapped between floors because the lift didn't operate proper.proper→properly
4．It is really a privilege for me to work as a interpreter in the company.第二个a→an
5．The vase was purchased at a high price turned out to be of little value.去掉was或was前加that/which
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1．李华担心他在适应英国的食物上有些困难。(adjust)
Li Hua is worried that he has_trouble_(in)_adjusting_to British food.
2．医疗科学证实：献血有益于我们的身心健康。(donate)
Medical science has proved that donating_blood_is_good_for_us both physically and mentally.
3．新学期开始，老师让几个学生帮着给班内的学生发书。(distribute)
At the beginning of the new term, the teacher asked several students to help to distribute the new books to the students in class.
4．老师应该鼓励学生参加各种各样的活动，这能帮助培养他们的团队精神。(participate)
Teachers should encourage students_to_participate_in_all_kinds_of_activities，which can help develop their spirit of teamwork.
5．这是一台很容易操作的新机器。(operate)
This is a new machine which_is_very_easy_to_operate.
(一)课前自主学习
1．dry_up (指河流、井等)干涸
2．dry_out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
3．stick_out 突出；伸出；坚持到底
4．hear_from 接到……的信
5．(be)_dying_to 极想；渴望
[串记1] 与……有关
7．the_other_day 不久前的一天
[串记2] 偶然遇到
9．participate_in 参与/参加……
10．in_need 在困难中；在危急中
11．get_through 完成；穿过；接通电话
12．make_a_difference_to 对……有影响；起作用
[同根短语串记]
串记1.要知道“与……有关”
①be relevant to 与……有关
②be related to 与……有关
③be connected with 与……有关
④be associated with 与……有关
串记2.“偶然遇到”也是缘
①come across 偶然遇到
②run across 偶然遇见
③run into 碰到；偶然遇到
④meet with 遇到
⑤knock into 撞上；偶然遇到
1．a muddy track 一条泥泞的小路
2．up_to_two hours 多达两个小时
3．walk a long way 走很长一段路
4．try to adapt to these conditions 尽量适应这些状况
5．the most challenging subject 最富挑战性的课程
6．the local English dialect 当地人说的英语方言
7．have fantastic views 看到奇妙的景色
8．a voluntary contribution 自愿捐款
1．To be honest, I doubt_whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.
说实在的，我怀疑是否我教的课会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。
2．But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did_visit_a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.
但是上个周末，我和另外一位老师珍妮，确实去访问了一个村庄，那是其中一个男孩汤贝的家。
3．We walked for two and a half hours to get there — first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。
4．The gift you give is_not something your loved one keeps but_a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 完形中的短语(词汇替换)
1．(2018·浙江高考完形填空)One day I met a former classmate of mine who was making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)．(用本单元短语替换加彩词语)The_other_day
2．(2014·天津高考完形填空)For almost four years, my mother would call us from Brazil every day.Every evening I'd eagerly wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.(用本单元短语替换加彩词)be_dying_to
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)
1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)很高兴收到你的来信。欢迎你来北京学习！
I'm_more_than_glad_to_hear_from_you.Welcome to Beijing for your study!
2．(2013·江苏高考书面表达)捐赠书籍和体育用品给有需要的儿童，而不是高喊空洞的口号，这更有意义。
Instead of shouting empty slogans, it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.
3．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)其次，这种投票并不取决于竞争对手的优势，而是取决于他们有多少社交网络资源。(not ... but ...)
Secondly, voting of this kind does_not_depend_on the strong points of the competitors, but_rather_on how many socialnetworking resources they have.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．(be) dying to 极想；渴望
[记牢]
(1)be dying/eager/anxious/keen to do sth.
＝long to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)be dying/anxious/eager/thirsty for sth.
＝long for sth. 渴望得到某物
[练通] 单句语法填空
①By the way, I am dying to_learn (learn) more detailed information about this activity.
②He has_been_longing (long) to attend college since he was a little boy.Now his dream has come true.
③The child can't wait to return to school because he is thirsty for knowledge.
[写美] 补全句子
④首先，作为一名渴望学习知识的学生，你在学习中有必要形成一种有效的学习方法。
Firstly, as a student who_is_dying_to_learn_knowledge,_it is necessary to build an effective method in your study.
2．in need 在困难中；在危急中
[记牢]
in (great) need of (非常)需要
satisfy/meet one's needs 满足某人的需要
there is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)没有必要做某事
[练通] 单句语法填空
①They won't go back to work unless someone can meet their needs (need)．
②In our life we may meet with many failures, as long as we try our best, there's no need to_feel (feel) regret for these failures.
③In an advertisement I know that your company is in need of a temporary interpreter.
[写美] 翻译句子
④我们社会中的每一个人都应该帮助那些需要帮助的人，但更重要的是真诚。
Everyone_in_our_society_should_help_those_in_need,_but_it_is_more_important_to_be_sincere.
[句式集释]
1．“介词＋关系副词”引导的定语从句
[教材原句] We walked for two and a half hours to get there — first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)The little girl was finally found hidden behind the door, from_where she could hear what her parents said.
这个小女孩终于被发现藏在门后，从那里她能听到她父母说的话。
(2)The book was written in 1946, since_when the education system witnessed great changes.
这本书写于1946年，从那时起教育制度见证了巨大的变革。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
在“介词＋关系词”这一类型的定语从句中，关系代词常为which和whom，关系副词where和when之前一般不加介词，比较特殊的有from where, since when和by when。
注意事项
需要注意的是同“介词＋which”的区别，“介词＋which”中的which一般是指某一个名词，而“介词＋where/when”中的where和when指的是地点状语和时间状语。
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·江苏高考书面表达)Once one of my friends told me the higher rating meant the higher quality of the product, since when, based on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.(要点句)
(2)It took us about 2 hours to reach the top, from where we were rewarded with beautiful scenery, bathed in the sunshine and jumping and cheering with joy.(要点句)
2．not ...but ...“不是……而是……”
[教材原句] The gift you give is_not_something your loved one keeps_but_a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.
我意识到成功的秘诀不是你出生于何时何地，而是你在生活中的所作所为。
(2)Not how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony really matters_ (matter)．
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
not ...but ...“不是……而是……”，在句中连接两个表语。当连接两个并列主语时，谓语应同靠近的主语保持一致。符合“就近一致”原则的还有：(1)not only ...but also ... (2)neither ...nor ... (3)either ...or ...
注意事项
“not only ...but also ...”连接两个从句且not only位于句首时，前一分句用倒装结构，后一分句不用倒装。
[背写作佳句]
(1)It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.(要点句)
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Not only do we take volleyball and basketball courses, but our school also holds all kinds of sports competitions.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
dry up， come across， in need， dry out， participate in， make a difference， hear from， be dying to
1．John hung up his wet wash in order to dry it out.
2．The big river has dried_up because of drought for several months.
3．Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage will make_a_difference.
4．I am_dying_to know when you will visit our city.
5．She came_across some old photographs in a drawer.
6．Don't believe those who leave their friends when they are in trouble because “A friend in_need is a friend indeed.”
7．I heard_from you the other day, which delighted me very much.
8．Participating_in this club helps us to learn more about drama, and develop our selfconfidence and cultural qualities as well.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全/翻译句子
1．中国是风筝的故乡，从那里放风筝传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。(“介词＋where”引导的定语从句)
China is the birthplace of kites, from_where_kiteflying_spread_to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
2．主要问题不是水太热，而是它不干净。(not ...but ...)
The_main_problem_is_not_that_the_water_is_too_hot,_but_that_it_is_not_clean.
3．在你的上一封邮件中，你怀疑是否有可能弥补你们的友谊。(doubt whether)
In your last mail you doubted_whether_it_was_possible_to_make_up_for_your_friendship.
4．我现在很少锻炼，但我上初中时的确喜欢踢足球。(do强调谓语)
I don't take much exercise now, but I_did_like_playing_football when I was in junior middle school.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是红星中学的一名学生。3月5日是学雷锋日，你班组织了一次去敬老院陪老人的志愿活动。请根据下面的活动内容和过程写一篇英文短文，向你校校刊英语专栏投稿。
1．帮忙打扫卫生；
2．给老人们表演；
3．发给老人们礼物。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：敬老院nursing home
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
1．审题：①文体：记叙文 ②人称：主要是第一人称 ③时态：主要是一般过去时
2．本文可从三个要点来构思：
要点1：介绍这次活动的时间和地点(3月5日去敬老院做志愿活动)。
要点2：详细描写活动的内容(扫地、擦窗户、洗衣服、表演、发礼物等)。
要点3：总结活动的意义(学到了很多，积极帮助有困难的人)。
要点1：我们班在3月5日组织了一次志愿活动，去附近一家敬老院为老人做些事情。
Our_class_organized_a_voluntary_activity_to_go_to_a_nearby_nursing_home_to_do_something_for_the_elderly_on_March_5th.
要点2－①：在那天，我们一大早就出发了。(set out)
On_that_day,_we_set_out_early_in_the_morning.
要点2－②：我们一到那里，一些人就开始认真地用扫把扫地，另外一些人擦窗户和洗衣服。
As_soon_as_we_got_there,_some_of_us_began_to_sweep_the_floor_with_brooms_carefully_and_others_cleaned_the_windows_and_did_some_washing.
要点2－③：我们在舞台上给老人做了精彩的表演，给他们分发礼物，并教他们一些日常的英语表达。
We_gave_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_distributed_our_gifts_to_them_and_taught_them_some_daily_English_expressions.
要点3－①：我们从这次经历中真的学到了很多。
We've_really_learned_a_lot_from_the_experience.
要点3－②：我们需要更积极地参与帮助那些有困难的人。
We_need_to_participate_more_actively_in_helping_those_who_are_in_need.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为了使表达更高级，提升文章档次，我们需要对部分句式进行升级。如：要点2－③用“not only ...but also ...”倒装句升级句子；要点3－②用“do＋动词原形”的强调结构进行改写。
升级要点2－③：我们不仅在舞台上给老人做了精彩的表演，而且给他们分发礼物，并教他们一些日常的英语表达。(not only ...but also ...倒装句)
Not_only_did_we_give_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_but_also_we_distributed_our_gifts_to_them_and_taught_them_some_daily_English_expressions.
升级要点3－②：我们确实需要更积极地参与帮助那些有困难的人。(do强调结构)
We_do_need_to_participate_more_actively_in_helping_those_who_are_in_need.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文可采用三段式结构来组织全文。写作时应注意恰当使用一些过渡词，如in addition, as far as I am concerned把各个要点连接起来。在讲述完活动的细节后还可用“All the elderly had a good time with us.”总结此次活动带来的影响。
Our_class_organized_a_voluntary_activity_to_go_to_a_nearby_nursing_home_to_do_something_for_the_elderly_on_March_5th.
On_that_day,_we_set_out_early_in_the_morning.As_soon_as_we_got_there,_some_of_us_began_to_sweep_the_floor_with_brooms_carefully_and_others_cleaned_the_windows_and_did_some_washing.In_addition,_not_only_did_we_give_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_but_also_we_distributed_our_gifts_to_them_and_taught_them_some_daily_English_expressions.All_the_elderly_had_a_good_time_with_us.
We've_really_learned_a_lot_from_the_experience.As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_we_do_need_to_participate_more_actively_in_helping_those_who_are_in_need.
掌握阅读技能之(一) 跳读
对于说明文和议论文类阅读理解，要想在有限的时间内逐字逐句的读完文章，理清文章内容，这个难度是相当大的，如何在考场上利用有限的时间高质量的完成规定的阅读任务，跳读(跳过无关信息)就成为考生的第一选择。
一、陌生词汇“跳过去”
在阅读时，并不是所有的生词都是命题点。在阅读中，当遇到一个生词时，不妨先问自己一个问题：这些生词有没有进行精确猜测的必要。高考试题中经常会出现没必要去精确猜测的生词，不知道它的精确含义也不会影响对基本句意的理解。对这类词，不要过多纠缠，尽管放心大胆地“跳过去”。
[高考典例] 2018·江苏卷·D篇
The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children's Commissioner (专员)Anne Longfield.She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school illequipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.
Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photoopportunities and then messaging friends — and friends of friends — to demand “likes” for their online posts.
The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
二、“专有名词”不纠缠
专有名词包括人名、地名、机构组织的名称等，通常首字母大写，比较容易发现。在理解句意时，可只注意其核心词或干脆跳过。
[高考典例] 2018·全国卷Ⅰ·D篇
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and boxset TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and ereaders showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The livingroom television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house，” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
三、长难句子看主干
长难句是阅读理解中的拦路虎，跳过“旁枝侧叶”(各种修饰成分)，抓住主干(主句或句子的主语、谓语和宾语)是解决此类问题的最佳方法。
[高考典例] 2014·全国卷Ⅱ·A篇
[1]Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.
[2]During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.
[3]He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.
[4]Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can (垃圾桶) that had been left out on the footpath.
第三段是一个复杂的长难句，在理解上有一定的难度，抽取句子主干He reported the case to the police and then sat there后便能顺畅理解全文内容；且跳过的“旁枝侧叶”不会对做题产生任何影响。
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．fortnight n． 两星期
2．muddy adj. 泥泞的；泥土般的
3．textbook n. 教科书；课本
4．rectangle n. 矩形；长方形
5．rectangular adj. 长方形的；矩形的
6．broom n. 扫帚
7．sniff vt.&vi. 嗅；闻；用鼻子吸
8．interpreter n. 作口译的人
9．grill n. 烤架；大平底锅
v. 烧烤；炙烤
10．evil n. 邪恶；罪恶
adj. 邪恶的
11．paperwork n. 文书工作
12．toast vt. 烤(面包等)；敬酒
n. 烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯
13．astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人
14．financial adj. 财务的；金融的；财政的
15．catalogue n. 目录
16．trunk n. 树干；躯干；大衣箱
17．click vi.&vt. (使)发出咔嗒声
n. 咔嗒声
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．platform n. 台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台
2．economic adj. 经济的；经济学的
3．concept n. 观念；概念
4．relevant adj. 有关的；切题的
5．otherwise conj. 否则；不然
adv. 用别的方法；其他方面
6．purchase vt.&n. 买；购买
7．privilege n. 特权；特别优待
8．weekly adj.&adv. 每周(的)
9．remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的
10．weed n. 杂草；野草
vt.& vi. 除杂草
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应[纵联1]
2．participate vi.参与；参加→participation n．参加；参与→participant n．参与者；参加者
3．arrangement n．安排；排列；整理→arrange v．安排；排列；整理
4．donate vt.捐赠→donation n．捐赠；捐献→donator n．捐赠者
5．voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→volunteer n．自(志)愿者 vi.自(志)愿做
6．political adj.政治的；政党的→politics n．政治
7．distribute vt.分配；分发→distribution n．分配；分发；分布状态
8．security n．安全；保护；保障→secure vt.使安全 adj.安全的[纵联2]
9．operate vi.工作；运转 vt.操作→operation n．手术；运转；操作→operator n．操作人员
纵联1.后缀“able”形容词大观园
①adjustable可调节的 ②respectable可敬的
③adaptable可适应的 ④reasonable合理的
⑤favorable有利的 ⑥unbelievable不可信的
⑦reliable可依赖的 ⑧admirable仰慕的
⑨comfortable舒适的 ⑩suitable合适的
纵联2.“ty”结尾名词不甘示弱
①security安全 ②necessity必需品
③similarity相似(性) ④possibility可能(性)
⑤quality质量；品质 ⑥quantity数量
⑦identity身份；一致性 ⑧dignity尊严；自豪
⑨equality平等性 ⑩variety种类；多样性
单元话题——人际关系
子话题1 志愿服务
①access n接近；获得 ②acquire v．取得；获得
③accumulate v．积累 ④experience n．经验；经历
⑤advantage n．优点 ⑥associate n．联想；交往
⑦assist vt.帮助；协助 ⑧unforgettable adj.难忘的
⑨meaningful adj.有意义的 ⑩promote vt.促进；提升
⑪offer v．提供 ⑫challenge n．挑战
子话题2 社会交往
①regards n．致意；问候 ②congratulate vt.祝贺
③persuade vt.说服；劝说 ④invite vt.邀请
⑤introduce vt.介绍 ⑥appreciate vt.欣赏；感激
⑦celebrate vt.庆祝 ⑧admit vt.承认；允许
⑨recommend vt.推荐；介绍 ⑩remind vt.提醒
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2015·江苏高考阅读B)The U．S.Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution❶， and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance, buying❷ reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept❸ of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste.
①distribution在本单元的动词形式为：distribute，意为：分配；分发
②写出加彩单词在本单元的近义词：purchase，该单词还可以作名词，意为“采购，购买的东西”
③写出concept在句中的含义：观念
2．(2015·江苏高考阅读C)Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer❶.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.For example, people volunteer to express personal values related❷ to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish ❸ (participate)．To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
①加彩单词的词性为：动词，意为：志愿做，在本单元的形容词为：voluntary，意为：自愿的；无偿的
②加彩单词在本单元中的近义词为：relevant，意为：相关的
③用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空：to_participate
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·浙江高考写作)另一方面，我在一家旅行社做过兼职，积累了相关经验，这帮助了我适应了与不同的人相处。(relevant, adjust)
For_another,_I_have_accumulated_relevant_experience_by_working_parttime_in_a_travel_agency,_which_helps_me_adjust_to_getting_along_with_different_people.
2．(2015·天津高考书面表达)我写这封邮件是告诉你一些我们捐赠的图书的情况。这些书将会尽快分发到每个学生手中。(donate, distribute)
I_am_writing_an_email_to_tell_you_something_about_our_donated_books,_which_will_be_distributed_to_each_student_as_soon_as_possible.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．adjust vi.&vt.调整；(使)适合；(使)适应
[记牢]
(1)adjust ...to (doing) sth. 调整……以适应(做)某事
adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……
(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应
make an adjustment to 对……做出调整
[练通]
单句语法填空
①It took him quite a while to adjust to living (live) alone after his parents passed away.
②We have made an adjustment (adjust) to our price and give you a special discount of 3 percent.
③Having_adjusted (adjust) themselves to earth's gravity upon landing for about 50 minutes, the three astronauts came out of the return capsule one after another.
单句改错
④I have learned how to be independent in a boarding school, which is beneficial to adjusting the college life.adjusting后加to
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)我相信你能很快适应在北京的生活。
I believe that you can adjust yourself to the life in Beijing soon.
2．participate vi.参与；参加；分享
[记牢]
(1)participate in 参加；参与
participate with sb.in sth. 与某人一起分担某事
(2)participation n. 参加；参与
participant n. 参与者；参加者
[练通] 单句语法填空
①As scheduled, we participated in several instructive activities.
②It has found that on average, participants (participate) performed better on cognitive (认知的) tests in their 40s and 50s than they had done in their 20s.
③I sincerely hope that the festival will be a great success and I'm looking forward to your participation (participate)．
④You should participate with your friend in his sufferings.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)两队每天都要训练两小时，并定期参加比赛。
Both_teams_train_for_two_hours_a_day_and_participate_in_competitions_regularly.
3．otherwise conj.否则；不然 adv.用别的方法；其他方面adj.别的；另外的；不同的
[辨清] 写出下列句中otherwise的词性和含义
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it's probably running.
adj.别的；另外的
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.
conj.否则；不然
[记牢]
(1)otherwise conj.＝or (else)/if not 否则；要不然
(2)otherwise adv.＝in another way/apart from/differently
用其他办法；除……以外；别样；另外
and otherwise＝and so on 等等；及其他
or otherwise＝or contrary 或相反；或其反面
(3)otherwise adj.＝other/different 另外的；其他的； 不同的
[练通] 同义替换
③So from then on, I have been determined never to be dishonest.Otherwise (＝Or/Or_else) I will be looked down upon and lose all my friends.
④She is not very clever, but otherwise (＝differently/in_another_way) she's a nice girl.
[用准] 当otherwise后接句子，表示否定意义时，如果是假想的或与事实相反的情况，从句要用虚拟语气。
[写美] 补全句子
⑤我认为我们每个人都应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人，否则我们迟早要为自己的自私负责。
I argue that every one of us should try our best to help those in need.Otherwise we'll have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later.
4．donate v．捐赠；赠送
[记牢]
(1)donate ...to sb./sth. 把……捐赠给某人或某物
donate ...to do sth. 捐赠……做某事
(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献
make a donation to 向……捐赠
(3)donated adj. 捐赠的
[练通] 单句语法填空
①Luckily, many people and organizations donated a lot of money to_help (help) them receive college education smoothly.
②(2017·天津高考)I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project.It worked perfectly.Donations (donate) began flooding in from hundreds of people.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
[写美] 补全句子
④政府呼吁公众给贫穷的孩子提供捐赠。(donation)
The government appeals to the public to_make_a_donation_to_the_poor_children.
5．distribute vt.分配；分发；分布
[记牢]
(1)distribute ...to ... 把……分给……
distribute ...among ... 在……中分发……
(2)distribution n. 分配；分发；分布状态
[练通] 单句语法填空
①Then we distributed some presents such as books and school bags to/among them.
②Who will take charge of the distribution (distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims?
③The existing medical knowledge and skills are not equally distributed (distribute) all over the world.
[写美] 补全句子
④(2018·北京高考书面表达)我告诉那些国际学生，茶广泛分布在全国各地。
I told those international students that tea_is_widely_distributed_all_over_the_country.
6．operate vi.工作；运转；给……动手术；起作用 vt.操作；经营
[辨清] 写出下列句中operate的含义
①The car is powered by a battery on its back, which can keep it operating for an hour.运转
②More interestingly, I tried operating some aircraft by myself.操作
③If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn't have died.给……动手术
④My parents used to operate a small restaurant near the train station.经营
⑤This kind of material operates as a very effective protection.起作用
[记牢]
(1)operate on/upon sb. 给某人动手术
(2)operation n. 手术；运转；操作
be in operation 经营；营业
come/go into operation 开始工作/运转；生效
put/bring ...into operation 实施/施行……
[练通] 单句语法填空
⑥For most people, it's almost impossible to_operate (operate) a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet.
⑦I went through many eye operations_ (operate)in an attempt to keep my vision.
⑧We're all ready to put it into operation; in other words, we're going to take action as fast as possible.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑨(2016·6月浙江高考书面表达)虽然我压力很大，但我在比赛中表现很好并最终赢得了一等奖。
Though_I_was_under_great_pressure,_I_operated_well_in_the_contest_and_finally_won_first_prize.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What he learned at university is not relevant (有关的) to his job.
2．Besides, we need friends to share our joys and sorrows, otherwise (否则) we will feel lonely.
3．Christmas was almost upon us and presents needed to be purchased (购买)．
4．Just sit at a computer, click (点击) and choose, and you can find all kinds of different things online.
5．It's my privilege (荣幸) to have such an opportunity to live with your family.
6．My English teacher asked us to choose a topic, make a(n) weekly (每周的) plan and tell the class about it.
7．Our class are going to visit poor children in a remote (遥远的) mountainous area this weekend.
8．This_concept (理念；概念) gives a whole new meaning to the idea of how to live a simple but full life.
9．With the increasingly rapid economic (经济的) growth, more problems are brought to our attention.
10．My colleague and I have a lot of experience in web_security (安全), but it is not something that people couldn't learn.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself (he) to city life.
2．He donated part of his liver to_save (save) the stranger, which was really a touching story.
3．The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation (operate) on his knee.
4．People who approved of the reform urged that education resources (should)_be_distributed (distribute) among the members of society equally.
5．He has made arrangements (arrange) for the collection of his baggage from the airport.
6．Last Sunday, our class launched a voluntary (volunteer) activity whose theme was to make the city more beautiful and advocate a lowcarbon lifestyle.
7．They set off for the destination too late; otherwise they wouldn't have_been_stuck (stick) in the storm.
8．During the last three decades, the number of people participating (participate) in physical fitness programs has increased sharply.
9．If this product does not give you complete satisfaction，please return it to the manufacturer, stating when it was_purchased (purchase)．
10．The app WeChat provides a networking platform where communication has become faster and easier.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．We want to make a donation for the Hope Project, so we are organizing a charity show.for→to
2．I don't think what he said relevant to the topic we are discussing.relevant前加is
3．People were trapped between floors because the lift didn't operate proper.proper→properly
4．It is really a privilege for me to work as a interpreter in the company.第二个a→an
5．The vase was purchased at a high price turned out to be of little value.去掉was或was前加that/which
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1．李华担心他在适应英国的食物上有些困难。(adjust)
Li Hua is worried that he has_trouble_(in)_adjusting_to British food.
2．医疗科学证实：献血有益于我们的身心健康。(donate)
Medical science has proved that donating_blood_is_good_for_us both physically and mentally.
3．新学期开始，老师让几个学生帮着给班内的学生发书。(distribute)
At the beginning of the new term, the teacher asked several students to help to distribute the new books to the students in class.
4．老师应该鼓励学生参加各种各样的活动，这能帮助培养他们的团队精神。(participate)
Teachers should encourage students_to_participate_in_all_kinds_of_activities，which can help develop their spirit of teamwork.
5．这是一台很容易操作的新机器。(operate)
This is a new machine which_is_very_easy_to_operate.
(一)课前自主学习
1．dry_up (指河流、井等)干涸
2．dry_out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
3．stick_out 突出；伸出；坚持到底
4．hear_from 接到……的信
5．(be)_dying_to 极想；渴望
[串记1] 与……有关
7．the_other_day 不久前的一天
[串记2] 偶然遇到
9．participate_in 参与/参加……
10．in_need 在困难中；在危急中
11．get_through 完成；穿过；接通电话
12．make_a_difference_to 对……有影响；起作用
[同根短语串记]
串记1.要知道“与……有关”
①be relevant to 与……有关
②be related to 与……有关
③be connected with 与……有关
④be associated with 与……有关
串记2.“偶然遇到”也是缘
①come across 偶然遇到
②run across 偶然遇见
③run into 碰到；偶然遇到
④meet with 遇到
⑤knock into 撞上；偶然遇到
1．a muddy track 一条泥泞的小路
2．up_to_two hours 多达两个小时
3．walk a long way 走很长一段路
4．try to adapt to these conditions 尽量适应这些状况
5．the most challenging subject 最富挑战性的课程
6．the local English dialect 当地人说的英语方言
7．have fantastic views 看到奇妙的景色
8．a voluntary contribution 自愿捐款
1．To be honest, I doubt_whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.
说实在的，我怀疑是否我教的课会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。
2．But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did_visit_a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.
但是上个周末，我和另外一位老师珍妮，确实去访问了一个村庄，那是其中一个男孩汤贝的家。
3．We walked for two and a half hours to get there — first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。
4．The gift you give is_not something your loved one keeps but_a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 完形中的短语(词汇替换)
1．(2018·浙江高考完形填空)One day I met a former classmate of mine who was making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)．(用本单元短语替换加彩词语)The_other_day
2．(2014·天津高考完形填空)For almost four years, my mother would call us from Brazil every day.Every evening I'd eagerly wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.(用本单元短语替换加彩词)be_dying_to
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)
1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)很高兴收到你的来信。欢迎你来北京学习！
I'm_more_than_glad_to_hear_from_you.Welcome to Beijing for your study!
2．(2013·江苏高考书面表达)捐赠书籍和体育用品给有需要的儿童，而不是高喊空洞的口号，这更有意义。
Instead of shouting empty slogans, it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.
3．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)其次，这种投票并不取决于竞争对手的优势，而是取决于他们有多少社交网络资源。(not ... but ...)
Secondly, voting of this kind does_not_depend_on the strong points of the competitors, but_rather_on how many socialnetworking resources they have.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．(be) dying to 极想；渴望
[记牢]
(1)be dying/eager/anxious/keen to do sth.
＝long to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)be dying/anxious/eager/thirsty for sth.
＝long for sth. 渴望得到某物
[练通] 单句语法填空
①By the way, I am dying to_learn (learn) more detailed information about this activity.
②He has_been_longing (long) to attend college since he was a little boy.Now his dream has come true.
③The child can't wait to return to school because he is thirsty for knowledge.
[写美] 补全句子
④首先，作为一名渴望学习知识的学生，你在学习中有必要形成一种有效的学习方法。
Firstly, as a student who_is_dying_to_learn_knowledge,_it is necessary to build an effective method in your study.
2．in need 在困难中；在危急中
[记牢]
in (great) need of (非常)需要
satisfy/meet one's needs 满足某人的需要
there is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)没有必要做某事
[练通] 单句语法填空
①They won't go back to work unless someone can meet their needs (need)．
②In our life we may meet with many failures, as long as we try our best, there's no need to_feel (feel) regret for these failures.
③In an advertisement I know that your company is in need of a temporary interpreter.
[写美] 翻译句子
④我们社会中的每一个人都应该帮助那些需要帮助的人，但更重要的是真诚。
Everyone_in_our_society_should_help_those_in_need,_but_it_is_more_important_to_be_sincere.
[句式集释]
1．“介词＋关系副词”引导的定语从句
[教材原句] We walked for two and a half hours to get there — first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)The little girl was finally found hidden behind the door, from_where she could hear what her parents said.
这个小女孩终于被发现藏在门后，从那里她能听到她父母说的话。
(2)The book was written in 1946, since_when the education system witnessed great changes.
这本书写于1946年，从那时起教育制度见证了巨大的变革。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
在“介词＋关系词”这一类型的定语从句中，关系代词常为which和whom，关系副词where和when之前一般不加介词，比较特殊的有from where, since when和by when。
注意事项
需要注意的是同“介词＋which”的区别，“介词＋which”中的which一般是指某一个名词，而“介词＋where/when”中的where和when指的是地点状语和时间状语。
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·江苏高考书面表达)Once one of my friends told me the higher rating meant the higher quality of the product, since when, based on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.(要点句)
(2)It took us about 2 hours to reach the top, from where we were rewarded with beautiful scenery, bathed in the sunshine and jumping and cheering with joy.(要点句)
2．not ...but ...“不是……而是……”
[教材原句] The gift you give is_not_something your loved one keeps_but_a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born, but what you are doing and how you do it in your life.
我意识到成功的秘诀不是你出生于何时何地，而是你在生活中的所作所为。
(2)Not how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony really matters_ (matter)．
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
not ...but ...“不是……而是……”，在句中连接两个表语。当连接两个并列主语时，谓语应同靠近的主语保持一致。符合“就近一致”原则的还有：(1)not only ...but also ... (2)neither ...nor ... (3)either ...or ...
注意事项
“not only ...but also ...”连接两个从句且not only位于句首时，前一分句用倒装结构，后一分句不用倒装。
[背写作佳句]
(1)It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist.(要点句)
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Not only do we take volleyball and basketball courses, but our school also holds all kinds of sports competitions.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
dry up， come across， in need， dry out， participate in， make a difference， hear from， be dying to
1．John hung up his wet wash in order to dry it out.
2．The big river has dried_up because of drought for several months.
3．Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage will make_a_difference.
4．I am_dying_to know when you will visit our city.
5．She came_across some old photographs in a drawer.
6．Don't believe those who leave their friends when they are in trouble because “A friend in_need is a friend indeed.”
7．I heard_from you the other day, which delighted me very much.
8．Participating_in this club helps us to learn more about drama, and develop our selfconfidence and cultural qualities as well.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全/翻译句子
1．中国是风筝的故乡，从那里放风筝传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。(“介词＋where”引导的定语从句)
China is the birthplace of kites, from_where_kiteflying_spread_to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
2．主要问题不是水太热，而是它不干净。(not ...but ...)
The_main_problem_is_not_that_the_water_is_too_hot,_but_that_it_is_not_clean.
3．在你的上一封邮件中，你怀疑是否有可能弥补你们的友谊。(doubt whether)
In your last mail you doubted_whether_it_was_possible_to_make_up_for_your_friendship.
4．我现在很少锻炼，但我上初中时的确喜欢踢足球。(do强调谓语)
I don't take much exercise now, but I_did_like_playing_football when I was in junior middle school.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是红星中学的一名学生。3月5日是学雷锋日，你班组织了一次去敬老院陪老人的志愿活动。请根据下面的活动内容和过程写一篇英文短文，向你校校刊英语专栏投稿。
1．帮忙打扫卫生；
2．给老人们表演；
3．发给老人们礼物。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：敬老院nursing home
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
1．审题：①文体：记叙文 ②人称：主要是第一人称 ③时态：主要是一般过去时
2．本文可从三个要点来构思：
要点1：介绍这次活动的时间和地点(3月5日去敬老院做志愿活动)。
要点2：详细描写活动的内容(扫地、擦窗户、洗衣服、表演、发礼物等)。
要点3：总结活动的意义(学到了很多，积极帮助有困难的人)。
要点1：我们班在3月5日组织了一次志愿活动，去附近一家敬老院为老人做些事情。
Our_class_organized_a_voluntary_activity_to_go_to_a_nearby_nursing_home_to_do_something_for_the_elderly_on_March_5th.
要点2－①：在那天，我们一大早就出发了。(set out)
On_that_day,_we_set_out_early_in_the_morning.
要点2－②：我们一到那里，一些人就开始认真地用扫把扫地，另外一些人擦窗户和洗衣服。
As_soon_as_we_got_there,_some_of_us_began_to_sweep_the_floor_with_brooms_carefully_and_others_cleaned_the_windows_and_did_some_washing.
要点2－③：我们在舞台上给老人做了精彩的表演，给他们分发礼物，并教他们一些日常的英语表达。
We_gave_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_distributed_our_gifts_to_them_and_taught_them_some_daily_English_expressions.
要点3－①：我们从这次经历中真的学到了很多。
We've_really_learned_a_lot_from_the_experience.
要点3－②：我们需要更积极地参与帮助那些有困难的人。
We_need_to_participate_more_actively_in_helping_those_who_are_in_need.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为了使表达更高级，提升文章档次，我们需要对部分句式进行升级。如：要点2－③用“not only ...but also ...”倒装句升级句子；要点3－②用“do＋动词原形”的强调结构进行改写。
升级要点2－③：我们不仅在舞台上给老人做了精彩的表演，而且给他们分发礼物，并教他们一些日常的英语表达。(not only ...but also ...倒装句)
Not_only_did_we_give_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_but_also_we_distributed_our_gifts_to_them_and_taught_them_some_daily_English_expressions.
升级要点3－②：我们确实需要更积极地参与帮助那些有困难的人。(do强调结构)
We_do_need_to_participate_more_actively_in_helping_those_who_are_in_need.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文可采用三段式结构来组织全文。写作时应注意恰当使用一些过渡词，如in addition, as far as I am concerned把各个要点连接起来。在讲述完活动的细节后还可用“All the elderly had a good time with us.”总结此次活动带来的影响。
Our_class_organized_a_voluntary_activity_to_go_to_a_nearby_nursing_home_to_do_something_for_the_elderly_on_March_5th.
On_that_day,_we_set_out_early_in_the_morning.As_soon_as_we_got_there,_some_of_us_began_to_sweep_the_floor_with_brooms_carefully_and_others_cleaned_the_windows_and_did_some_washing.In_addition,_not_only_did_we_give_wonderful_performances_on_the_platform_for_the_elderly,_but_also_we_distributed_our_gifts_to_them_and_taught_them_some_daily_English_expressions.All_the_elderly_had_a_good_time_with_us.
We've_really_learned_a_lot_from_the_experience.As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_we_do_need_to_participate_more_actively_in_helping_those_who_are_in_need.
掌握阅读技能之(一) 跳读
对于说明文和议论文类阅读理解，要想在有限的时间内逐字逐句的读完文章，理清文章内容，这个难度是相当大的，如何在考场上利用有限的时间高质量的完成规定的阅读任务，跳读(跳过无关信息)就成为考生的第一选择。
一、陌生词汇“跳过去”
在阅读时，并不是所有的生词都是命题点。在阅读中，当遇到一个生词时，不妨先问自己一个问题：这些生词有没有进行精确猜测的必要。高考试题中经常会出现没必要去精确猜测的生词，不知道它的精确含义也不会影响对基本句意的理解。对这类词，不要过多纠缠，尽管放心大胆地“跳过去”。
[高考典例] 2018·江苏卷·D篇
The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children's Commissioner (专员)Anne Longfield.She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school illequipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.
Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photoopportunities and then messaging friends — and friends of friends — to demand “likes” for their online posts.
The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
二、“专有名词”不纠缠
专有名词包括人名、地名、机构组织的名称等，通常首字母大写，比较容易发现。在理解句意时，可只注意其核心词或干脆跳过。
[高考典例] 2018·全国卷Ⅰ·D篇
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and boxset TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and ereaders showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The livingroom television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house，” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
三、长难句子看主干
长难句是阅读理解中的拦路虎，跳过“旁枝侧叶”(各种修饰成分)，抓住主干(主句或句子的主语、谓语和宾语)是解决此类问题的最佳方法。
[高考典例] 2014·全国卷Ⅱ·A篇
[1]Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.
[2]During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.
[3]He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.
[4]Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can (垃圾桶) that had been left out on the footpath.
第三段是一个复杂的长难句，在理解上有一定的难度，抽取句子主干He reported the case to the police and then sat there后便能顺畅理解全文内容；且跳过的“旁枝侧叶”不会对做题产生任何影响。
相关资料
更多
