2020版高考新创新一轮复习英语译林版学案：选修7Unit3Theworldonline

Unit 3 The world online


一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．source n．　　　　　　　来源，信息源；根源，原因
2．statistics n．(pl.) 统计数字，统计数据
3．diverse adj. 多种多样的，形形色色的
4．avenue n. 途径，手段；大街
5．address vt. 探讨，解决，处理；向……说话；称呼(某人)_
6．withdraw vi.& vt. 脱离(社会)；撤回；取(款)_
7．explicit adj. 直言的，坦率的；易懂的_
8．sample n. 样本，样品
vt. 采样；尝试；品尝
9．terminal n. 终端，终端设备；终点
　　 adj. 末端的，末梢的
10．category n. 类别，种类
11．minus n. 减号；负号；缺点
prep. 减；没有，缺乏
adj. 零度以下的；负数的
12．outline n. 提纲，概要；轮廓线，略图
13．claim vt. 宣称，断言；索取，认领
n. 声明，断言；索款，索赔
14．click n. (鼠标)点击；咔嗒声
vi.& vt. 点击；(使)发出咔嗒声
15.comb vt.　　　　　　　仔细搜索；梳理(头发)
n. 梳子
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．abundant adj. 大量的，充裕的
2．conference n. (大型的正式)会议，研讨会
3．lifetime n. 一生，终生；存在期
4．competence n. 能力，胜任；技能，本领
5．specific_adj. 具体的，明确的；特定的；独特的
6．alarm vt. 使担心，使害怕，使警觉
　n. 警报(器)；惊慌；闹钟
7．false adj. 虚假的，伪造的；错误的；人造的
8．classify vt. 分类，归类
9．abandon vt. 放弃；抛弃，舍弃
10．command n. 命令；控制；掌握
vt. 命令；指挥；控制
11._correspond vi. 通信；相一致，符合；相当于
12．relevant adj. 紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的
13．bother vi.& vt. 花费时间、精力(做某事)；打扰
14．acknowledge vt. 承认，认可；感谢
15．correction n. 改正，纠正，修正
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．accuracy n．准确性；精确度→accurate adj.准确的；精确的；精密的→accurately adv.准确无误地
2．evaluate vt.评估，评价→evaluation n．评估，评价
3．weakness n．缺点，不足；弱点；虚弱，衰弱→weak adj.虚弱的，不强壮的；软弱的→weaken vi.& vt.(使)变弱
4．educator n．教育工作者，教师；教育(学)家→educate vt.教育→education n．教育
5．reference n．参考，查阅；提到，谈及；介绍信，介绍人→refer vi.提及，参考，查阅
6．inventor n．发明者，发明家→invent vt.发明，创造→invention n．发明，创造
7．appointment n．约会，预约；任命，委任→appoint vt.约定，指定，确定；任命，委任→appointed adj.约定的，指定的
8．type vt.打字→typewriter n．打字机→typist n．打字员
9．qualification n．资格，资历→qualify vt.使合格，取得……资格→qualified adj.有资格的
10．assumption n．假定，假设→assume vt.假定，假设
[语境活用]
1．Two thousand students were educated by the famous educator,_many of whom received further education later.(educate)
2．He was appointed as headmaster and wanted to tell his girlfriend the good news at the appointed time, but she missed their appointment somehow.(appoint)
3．Previous experience is an essential qualification for the job. We welcome applications from suitably qualified individuals.(qualify)
4．Apart from the textbooks, I often refer to other reference materials to assist my studies.(refer)
5．Mid­term examination is an evaluation of the basic capabilities and study, so you must take the exam to evaluate your learning performance.(evaluate)
6．My cousin is weak in running. We all worry about his weight, but he can't overcome his weakness for fatty foods.(weak)
7．Tell your doctor with the accuracy of the symptom so that he can give you the accurate treatment. If you are not treated accurately,_you'll be in danger.(accurate)
8．“Houses” have been the most popular area for inventions in the past and even now. There you can also see some pictures of the inventors.(invent)

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.turn_to　　　　　　　　　　　向……求助；转向
2．at_sb.'s_command 受某人支配
3．what_is_more 更有甚者，更为重要的是
4．up_to_date 最新的；现代的；时髦的
5．drop_out 退学，辍学；退出，脱离
6．comb_(through)_sth._(for) 仔细搜寻
7．a_bunch_of 一串，一束；大量，大批
8．keep_..._in_mind 记住，牢记
9．have_positive_effects_on 对……有积极影响
10．take_..._into_consideration 把……考虑在内
11．belong_to 属于
12．set_a_good_example_to_sb. 给某人树立好的榜样
13．stand_for 代表，象征
14．make_a_difference 有关系；有影响
15．communicate_with 与……交流
16．tend_to 往往会，趋于
17．search_for 寻找
18．in_favor_of 支持，赞成
1.I'm very strong and I am fond of dancing and singing. What_is_more,_I'm outgoing and warm­hearted.
2．According to the research, women tend_to jobs requiring speech skills.
3．If you run into any problems at school, you can turn_to your teacher for help.
4．I dropped_out of the play because I had too much work to do.
5．He came from the Sudan without a word of English at_his_command.
6．Everyone present at the meeting was in_favor_of what he put forward.
7．On Valentine's Day, Jack presented his girlfriend a_bunch_of flowers.
8．Only when we match our words with actions (言行一致) can we make_a_difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
9．In China, knots (中国结) stand_for friendship, love and good luck.
10．Since we're League members, we should set_a_good_example_to others.

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.Without the Internet, these people would have fewer avenues to meet people.
如果没有因特网，这些人与别人交往的途径就会更少。
without引导的含蓄条件句。
没有空气的话，人类将不能在地球上生存。
Without air, man couldn't_exist on the earth.
2.Usually, people try to put correct information on the Internet, but not every person bothers to read over their own writing and make corrections.
通常，人们尽量把正确的信息放在因特网上，但并非每个人都会费心去阅读他们所写的内容并做修改。
部分否定：当not与every, each, all, both等连用时，无论not的位置如何，都表示部分否定，意为“并非都”。
(2016·江苏高考满分作文)众所周知，不是所有的人都愿意给那些渴望在比赛中获胜的人投票。
As is known to us all, not_all_the_people are willing to vote for the people who are eager to be the winners in competitions.
3.Follow these tips, and your time spent doing research on the Internet will be much more worthwhile.
遵循这些窍门儿的话，你在网上做研究所花的时间就会更加值得。
祈使句＋and＋陈述句。
(2016·北京高考写作佳句)请告诉我，我会给你寄些书的。
Please_tell_me,_and I'll send you some books.

二、课堂重点深化

1．command n．命令；控制；掌握 vt.命令；指挥；控制
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①A man may be in command of any number of facts and be brilliant at his job without necessarily being an educated person.
②Under the leader's command, they achieved a goal after a goal.
③Anything in your home that uses electricity can be put on the home network and at your command.
④Applicants will be expected to have a good command of English.
⑤The general commanded that the soldiers (should)_leave (leave) their fort and carry out more important tasks.
　[系统归纳]
(1)at sb.'s command　　　　 受某人支配；听从某人吩咐
in command of 控制
have a good command of 精通
take command of 指挥，控制
under sb.'s command 由某人指挥
(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that ... (should) do sth.　 命令……
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥Because I have good command of English and serious working attitude, I was often praised by the exhibitors.good前加a
佳句时时写
⑦(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我精通英语，并且能用英语很流利地对话。
I_have_a_good_command_of_English,_and_I_can_speak_English_fluently.
2．correspond vi.通信；相一致，符合；相当于
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I assure you my actions will correspond with/to my words.
②Your account of the accident had little correspondence (correspond) with the story the other driver told.
③What she has just said isn't in correspondence with the views of the majority.
一句多译
到目前为止，我已经和一个外国朋友通信两年了，我们每个月都给对方写信一次。
④So far, I have_corresponded_with a foreign friend for two years and we write to each other once a month.
⑤So far, I have_held/kept_up_correspondence_with a foreign friend for two years and we write to each other once a month.
　[系统归纳]
(1)correspond with/to ...　 与……一致/相符/相类似
correspond with sb. 与某人通信
(2)correspondence n. 一致，符合；通信
in correspondence with ... 与……通信；和……一致
hold/keep up correspondence with (sb.) 与(某人)保持通信联系
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥These goods don't correspond the list of those I ordered.correspond后加with/to
佳句时时写
⑦(2011·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)与我保持联系，这是我的电子邮件地址：lihua@1236.com。
Keep up correspondence with me and here is my email address: lihua@1236.com.
3．abandon vt.放弃；抛弃，舍弃 n．放任；纵情
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Didn't you see the abandoned (abandon) house in the distance?
②They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money.
完成句子
③The father is trying his best to prevent his son from abandoning_himself_to the Internet.
这位父亲正尽最大努力阻止他的儿子沉迷于网络。
④The people were so excited that they jumped and shouted with_abandon.
人们非常兴奋，以至于尽情地又跳又叫。
　[系统归纳]
(1)abandon doing sth.　 　 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于……；纵情于……
(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地
(3)abandoned adj. 无约束的；无度的；被遗弃的
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤We shouldn't be abandoned to play computer games, because it may ruin our life.play→playing
佳句时时写
⑥(2014·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)在我的空闲时间，我将继续进行有规律的锻炼，比如游泳、跑步和各种球类运动，而不是放任自己沉迷于电脑游戏。
In_my_free_time,_I_will_continue_taking_regular_exercise,_such_as_swimming, running_and_various_ball_games_instead_of_abandoning_myself_to_computer_games.
4．classify vt.分类，归类
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He glanced his eyes down the classified (classify) advertisements while waiting for the bus.
②For the convenience of our classification (classify), any over eighteen years old counts as an adult.
③The books in the library are classified by subject.
完成句子
④Memory can be_classified_into short­term and long­term memory.
记忆可分为短期记忆和长期记忆。
⑤Would you_classify_her_novels_as serious literature or others?
你认为她的小说属于严肃文学类，还是其他类？
　[系统归纳]
(1)classify ... as ...　　　　　　 把……归类为……
classify ... by ... 按照……划分……
classify ... into ... 把……分为……
(2)classified adj. 分类的，类别的
classification n. 分类；类别
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥Properties are classified as two main groups, physical and chemical properties.as→into
佳句时时写
⑦(2016·四川高考书面表达)我把夏天列为充满活力的季节，我觉得在夏天我有力量去做最艰难的事。
I_classify_summer_as_the_season_which_is_full_of_energy_and_I_feel_I_have_the strength_to_do_the_most_difficult_things_in_summer.
5．relevant adj.紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I don't think what he said is directly relevant to the matter in hand.
②The economic improvement has the highly positive relevance to the urbanization level.
③There are additional publications of special relevance (relevant) to new graduates.
　[系统归纳]
(1)be relevant to　　　　　 和……有关
(2)relevance n. 相关性；关联
have relevance to 与……有关
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
④People sometimes wonder if maths has any relevance in programming.in→to
佳句时时写
⑤(2018·北京高考书面表达)为了表达清楚，我慢慢地详细讲解了泡茶的相关流程。
In_order_to_deliver_a_clear_presentation,_I_slowly_explained_the_relevant_procedure_of_making_tea_in_detail.
6．bother vi.& vt.花费时间、精力(做某事)；打扰，给某人造成麻烦n.麻烦，不便
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I'm very sorry to have bothered you with/about so many questions on such an occasion.
②You don't bother to_get/getting (get) dinner for me today.I'll eat out.
③Don't put me to_bother (bother), for I have been preparing for a test.
④It really bothers me that they haven't replied to our letters.
　[系统归纳]
(1)bother to do/doing sth.　　　 费心做某事
bother sb. with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother about/with sth./sb. 为某事而烦恼/为某人而费心
It bothers sb.that ... 使某人苦恼的是……
(2)put sb. to bother 给某人添乱
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤I was so uninterested in the result that I didn't even bother to looking at it.去掉to或looking→look
佳句时时写
⑥(2016·江苏高考书面表达)让许多人苦恼的是，他们不得不给熟人和朋友投票。
It_bothers_many_people_that_they_have_to_vote_for_their_acquaintances_and friends.
7．acknowledge vt.承认，认可；感谢；告知(信件、礼物等)已收到
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①It is a truth which is universally acknowledged (acknowledge) that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness.
②She is acknowledged as one of the best typists in our company.
③Red and white roses are acknowledged to_be (be) the flowers of Father's Day.
　[系统归纳]
acknowledge sb.'s (doing) sth.　 承认某人(做了)某事
acknowledge sth./that ... 承认……
acknowledge sth./sb. to be/as ... 承认某事/某人是……
It is generally/widely/universally acknowledged that ...
……是大家公认的
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Bob acknowledged make a face when his maths teacher turned around in class.make→making
佳句时时写
⑤(2016·北京高考书面表达)人们普遍认为魏源是晚清时期的伟大思想家。
It's_universally_acknowledged_that_Wei_Yuan_is_a_great_thinker_in_the_late_Qing_Dynasty.

1．turn to向……求助；转向；翻到；查阅；开始从事
　[系统归纳]
turn away　　　　　　 转过脸去；拒绝(某人)进入
turn against 反对；背叛
turn down 调小(音量等)；拒绝
turn up 调大(音量等)；出现；到场
turn off 关掉
turn in 上交
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn over 翻转；反复考虑；移交
　[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned_to journalism.
②Even those who are once for him begin to turn_against_him.
③Supposing I turn_down your offer, would you feel disappointed?
④We had been waiting for him for a long time, yet he didn't turn_up.
⑤If the gas blows back you must turn_off the supply, it is dangerous.
⑥He has been very lazy but he is going to turn_over a new leaf and work hard.
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·北京高考书面表达)上周，我们带领外国留学生体验了中国茶文化，这证明是非常有价值的。
Last week, we took the foreign students to experience Chinese tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding.
2．drop out退学，辍学；退出，脱离
　[系统归纳]
drop out of ...　　 退出……
drop off 中途下客或卸货；减少，下降；打盹
drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人
drop in at a place 顺便拜访某地
　[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①He had to drop_out_of the race because his leg was injured.
②Sales of ice cream have begun to drop_off significantly now that summer is over.
③Drop_in and see me when you're ready.Only don't take too long about it.
④If I were you, I would drop_in_at the department store on my way there this afternoon.
⑤She got a scholarship to Cambridge but dropped_out a year later.
佳句时时写
⑥(2016·四川高考书面表达)我们经常在寒假期间顺便去拜访亲朋好友，一起聊天，享受美食。
We_usually_drop_in_on_relatives_and_friends_during_winter_vacation,_chat_together_and_enjoy_the_delicious_food.
3．without引导的含蓄条件句
　[教材原句]　Without the Internet, these people would_have fewer avenues to meet people.
　[自主体验]
①Without your help, the job would_have_never_been_completed in time.
要是没有您的帮忙，工作便无法按时完成了。
②But_for_the_rain we should have had a pleasant journey.
要不是下雨，我们会有一次愉快的旅行。
③My parents lent me the money.Otherwise, I couldn't_have_afforded the trip.
我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。
　[归纳点拨]
介词短语without the Internet为含蓄条件句，相当于由if引导的非真实条件句if there were no Internet，所以句子用虚拟语气。类似的表达还有：but for， otherwise， or else等。
　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2017·北京高考满分作文)Without the Yangtze River, I may say, there would be no Jiangnan culture.
②(增分要点句)(2010·北京高考满分作文)But for the Internet, I wouldn't have managed to buy two tickets for my grandparents.
4．祈使句＋and＋陈述句
　[教材原句]　Follow_these_tips,_and your time spent doing research on the Internet will be much more worthwhile.
　[自主体验]
①Take_this_medicine,_and you will be OK in no time.
吃了这种药，你马上就会好的。
②Turn the heat down, or_(else)/otherwise_it'll_burn.
把炉火开小一点，不然就烧焦了。
③A_bit_more_effort,_I think, and you will settle the problem.
我认为，再努力点，你就会解决那个问题。
④More healthy food, or_(else)/otherwise_you'll_break_down sooner or later.
多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。
　[归纳点拨]
祈使句＋and＋陈述句，表示“如果……就……”，其中祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句。类似的还有：
(1)“祈使句＋or (else)/otherwise＋陈述句”表示“……否则……”。
(2)在“祈使句＋并列连词＋陈述句”句型中，也可以用“名词＋并列连词＋陈述句”表示。
　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2015·四川高考写作佳句)Spend more time practicing Mandarin every day and you will learn it well.
②(精彩收尾句)(2018·北京高考满分作文)Please feel free to let me know if you have further questions, and I will answer you as soon as possible.


Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He didn't just command (发号施令)．He personally fought in several heavy battles.
2．Next time I'm going to talk about how these different diverse (多种多样的) documents were included in his new book.
3．When the president addresses (对……发表演讲) to the nation, he often chooses his words very carefully.
4．She still corresponds (通信) with American friends she met in Majorca nine years ago.
5．The facts proved her assumption (假设) wrong.
6．The troops are being gradually withdrawn (撤离)．
7．His nationality isn't relevant (紧密相关的) to whether he is a good lawyer.
8．Every month I spend a lot of time classifying (分类) books.
9．Peru has abundant (丰富的) plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.
10．They refused to acknowledge (承认) that they were defeated.
11．Would it be possible to make an early appointment (预约) to have my hair cut tomorrow?
12．You should evaluate (评估) your chances of success before making a decision.
13．We have set off the fire alarm (警报) and have nothing to do but wait.
14．She was trying to comb (仔细搜索) some useful things out of the tangle.
15．The children's television programme aims at a specific (特定的) age group.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The written record of our conversation doesn't correspond with what was actually said.There are a lot of mistakes.
2．The plan was_abandoned (abandon) when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.
3．This type of university course is no longer relevant to today's problem.
4．The classification (classify) of diseases is a bit complicated.
5．He displayed thorough competence (competent) in dealing with the issues.
6．Square the page off with your ruler, then you'll be able to copy the drawing accurately (accuracy)．
7．The parents did not seem particularly well qualified (qualification) to cope with the crying child.
8．There're several effective ways to engage students in the evaluation (evaluate) of their own learning.
9．But for your timely help, I might have_failed (fail) in the final examination.
10．Stand on the top of the tower and you'll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．As mentioned earlier, users can be classified as four different categories: light, medium, heavy, and power.第二个as→into
2．It bothers to me that they weren't willing to accept my plan.去掉第一个to
3．He commanded that roads built to link castles across the land.built前加be
4．Actually, all of us desire to achieve success, but sometimes our actions don't correspond what we desire.correspond后加with
5．Although I have no hopes of ever skiing that way, I do dream of living with the abandon.去掉the
6．Give me a chance, I will give you a wonderful surprise.I前加and
7．That is universally acknowledged that water is indispensible to us.That→It
8．Topics for conversation should be relevant with the experiences and interests of the students. with→to
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The boss commanded that the young man (should)_finish_his_work in an hour.
老板命令这个年轻人一个小时内完成这项工作。
2．His designs, for the most part, correspond_with the actual needs.
他的设计在绝大多数情况下都符合实际需要。
3．Cui Jian is_universally_acknowledged_as the pioneer of the rock­and­roll of Chinese mainland.
崔健被公认为是中国大陆摇滚乐的先驱。
4．You should remember it, and_what's_more,_you should get it right.
你应该记住它，更重要的是，应该正确理解它。
5．Listen_to the teacher carefully in class, or_you_can't_catch what he is saying.
上课认真听老师讲，否则你就会听不懂他所讲的。
6．But for the storm, we should_have_arrived_earlier.
要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。
7．While in trouble, you can turn_to_her_for_help.
遇到麻烦的时候你可以向她求助。
8．The Smiths dropped_in_on_some_old_friends on their vacation trip to New York.
史密斯一家去纽约度假时顺道拜访了一些老朋友。


本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“网络世界”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——网络世界
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①command　　 ②printer　　　③keyboard　　④website
⑤webpage ⑥link ⑦on­line ⑧software
⑨payment ⑩information ⑪data ⑫technology
⑬cyber
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①desktop n．台式机　　　　　 ②laptop n．便携式电脑
③virus n．病毒 ④hacker n．黑客
⑤coder n．编码员，编码器 ⑥convenient adj.方便的
⑦account n．账户 ⑧delivery n．投递
⑨restrict v．限制 ⑩block v．阻塞，限制
⑪defensive adj.防御用的 ⑫security n．安全；保护
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①data processing　　　　　　　　　 数据处理
②inline processing 内处理
③search engine 搜索引擎
④web address 网址
⑤voice and video chat 语音视频
⑥shopping online 在线购物
⑦surf the Internet 网上冲浪
⑧have access to/be accessible to 能使用
⑨distract one's attention 分散某人的注意力
⑩have a negative effect 有负面影响
⑪electronic books 电子读物
⑫text message 短信
⑬virtual net 虚拟网络
⑭high­speed broadband networks 高速宽带互联网
⑮with the popularity of the Internet 随着网络的普及
⑯scientific invention 科学发明
⑰hold a positive attitude 持有积极的态度
(四)写作佳句背一背
①It's obvious that the Internet is of great help to our study.
②I believe I can use the Internet very well as long as I know how to control myself.
③It is easy to find what you are looking for on the Internet.
④Some people are worried about the safety of paying for goods using credit cards when shopping on the Internet.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
　
(2016·江苏高考)请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
In recent years, internet voting has become increasingly popular in China. People not only cast on­line votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”．
Li Jiang, a high school student, is invited to vote in the “Best Police Officer” competition, organized by the local government to let the public have a better understanding of police officers' daily work. Li Jiang visits the website and reads all the stories. He is deeply moved by their glorious deeds. He is already thinking of becoming a policeman himself in the future.
Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for his cousin in the “Future Singer” competition. He has already received three similar invitations this week. His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition, the family will win an overseas tour for free. Su Hua likes his cousin very much, but he finds other singers perform even better. To vote, or not to vote? This is a question that troubles him very much.
[写作内容]
1．用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2．用约120个单词阐述你对网络投票的看法，并用2～3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
[写作要求]
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
　
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句

on­line voting, more and more, take part in, be good for, put sb. into a dilemma, a part of, participate in, public life, make no difference, event, candidate, go around, seek support, survey, convenient, instant feedback, annoyed, divide, turn for, work out, participation rule, a positive attitude　　
1．网络投票变得越来越流行，许多人都参与其中。
On­line_voting_becomes_more_and_more_popular,_and_many_people_take_part_in_it.
2．它对一些人有好处。
It_is_good_for_some_people.
3．它让一些人处于两难的境地。
It_puts_others_into_a_dilemma.
4．网络投票是现代生活的一部分。
_On­line_voting_is_a_part_of_modern_life.
5．它只是参与公共生活的一种方式。
It_is_only_a_way_to_participate_in_public_life.
6．它和普通的投票活动没有什么区别。
It_makes_no_difference_from_ordinary_voting_events.
7．在这些投票活动中，候选人四处奔走寻求支持。
Candidates_go_around_to_seek_supports_in_these_voting_events.
8．网络让调查和投票活动变得简单、方便。
The_Internet_makes_surveying_and_voting_easy_and_convenient.
9．网络投票使即时反馈成为可能。
Voting_on_the_Internet_makes_instant_feedback_possible.
10．投票人感到烦恼不是因为他们厌恶投票，而是因为他们出现了意见分歧。
Voters_feel_annoyed,_not_because_they_hate_voting,_but_because_they_are_divided._
11．如果我们制订一些参与规则，事情会好转起来。
Things_will_turn_for_the_better_if_we_can_work_out_some_participation_rules.
12．我对网络投票持有积极看法。
I_hold_a_positive_attitude_towards_on­line_voting.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
13．在句3中加入介词短语“对于是否投票”。
It_puts_others_into_a_dilemma_over_whether_to_vote_or_not.
14．在句4中加入定语“不可分割的”及并列成分“应该受到欢迎”。
On­line_voting_is_an_inseparable_part_of_modern_life_and_should_be_welcomed.
15．在句8中加入状语“不必考虑时间和空间”。
The_Internet_makes_surveying_and_voting_easy_and_convenient,_regardless_of_time_and_space.
16．在句10中加入状语“有时”及介词短语“在感情和公平之间”。
Voters_sometimes_feel_annoyed,_not_because_they_hate_voting,_but_because_they_are_divided_between_emotion_and_fairness.
17．在句11中加入介词短语“让人们来遵守”。
Things_will_turn_for_the_better_if_we_can_work_out_some_participation_rules_for people_to_obey.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
18．句1中，用increasingly升格more and more, 用get_involved_in升格take part in。
19．用高级词汇be_beneficial_to_升格句2中的be good for并用并列连词while合并句2和句13。
It_is_beneficial_to_some_people,_while_it_puts_others_into_a_dilemma_over_whether_to_vote_or_not.
20．用高级词汇no_more_than升格句5中的only, 并用连词since合并句14 和句5。
On­line_voting_is_an_inseparable_part_of_modern_life_and_should_be_welcomed, since_it_is_no_more_than_a_way_to_participate_in_public_life.
21．用“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句合并句6和句7。
It_makes_no_difference_from_ordinary_voting_events，in_which_candidates_go_around_to_seek_supports.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
用in my opinion， in addition， furthermore， to be honest， therefore 等词汇连句成文
On­line_voting_becomes_increasingly_popular,_and_many_people_get_involved_in_it.It_is_beneficial_to_some_people,_while_it_puts_others_into_a_dilemma_over_whether_to vote_or_not.
In_my_opinion,_on­line_voting_is_an_inseparable_part_of_modern_life_and_should_be_welcomed,_since_it_is_no_more_than_a_way_to_participate_in_public_life.It_makes_no difference_from_ordinary_voting_events,_in_which_candidates_go_around_to_seek_supports.In_addition,_the_Internet_makes_surveying_and_voting_easy_and_convenient,_regardless_of_time_and_space.Furthermore,_voting_on_the_Internet_makes_instant_feedback possible.
To_be_honest,_voters_sometimes_feel_annoyed,_not_because_they_hate_voting,_but_because_they_are_divided_between_emotion_and_fairness.Things_will_turn_for_the_better_if_we_can_work_out_some_participation_rules_for_people_to_obey.Therefore,_I_hold_a positive_attitude_towards_on­line_voting.




Ⅰ.根据提示填空
Singapore is planning to cut off web ❶access (访问；进入) for public servants as a defense against potential cyber attack — a move closely watched by critics who say it marks a retreat (倒退) for a ❷technologically (technology) advanced city­state that has trademarked the term “smart nation”．
Some security experts say the policy, due to be in place by May, risks damaging productivity among civil servants and those working at more than four dozen statutory (法定的) boards, and cutting them off from the people they serve.It may only raise slightly the ❸defensive (defend) walls against cyber attack, they say.
Ben Desjardins, director of security ❹solutions (solve) at network security firm Radware, called it “one of the more extreme ❺measures (措施) I can recall by a large public organization to fight cyber security risks”．Stephen Dane, a Hong Kong­based managing director at networking company Cisco Systems, said it was “a most unusual situation” and Ramki Thurimella, chair of the computer science department at the University of Denver, called it both “unprecedented (前所未有的)” and “a little excessive (过分的)”．One 23­year­old manager, who gave only her family name, Netagale, said ❻blocking (block) web access would only harm productivity and may not stop attacks.“❼Information (信息) may leak through other means, so blocking the Internet may not stop the unavoidable from happening，” she said.
But other cyber security companies said that with the kind of ❽threats (威胁) governments face today, Singapore had little choice but to ❾restrict (限制) Internet access.
FireEye, a cyber security company, found that organizations in south­east Asia were 80% more likely than the global average to be hit by an advanced (advance) cyber attack.
Singapore officials said no particular attack led to the decision but noted a leakage of one ministry in 2015.David Koh, CEO of the newly formed Cyber Security Agency, said officials realized there was too much data (数据) to secure and the threat “is too real”．
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
delivery， launch， software， account， payment， renew， shopping online， check out， in total， convenience
In Hangzhou, borrowing books from the library is now as simple as ❶shopping_online:_click, pay and wait for ❷delivery.
The city's public library recently ❸launched a program on WeChat, a popular Chinese messaging ❹software,_enabling its readers to ❺check_out books online and get them delivered to their homes at low prices.
To enjoy the “Hangzhou enjoyable reading” service, one first needs to follow the library's official WeChat ❻account,_which provides a list of books.After picking books, borrowers are required to present their information such as their library membership cards, cellphone numbers and so on.The selected items will be delivered by express within three days after ❼payments.Each reader can borrow up to 5 books once and 20 books at most ❽in_total.The books can be kept for up to 40 days.Readers now can borrow the library's most popular books in this way.The online books will be ❾renewed and enriched gradually according to readers' borrowing habits and preferences.At the end of December, the library's old and classic books will be put online too, making the total number of books available and bringing borrowers a lot of convenience.



一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·江苏高考)Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the assumption (assume) you've made.
2．(2017·江苏高考)He's been informed that he doesn't qualify (qualification) for the scholarship because of his academic background.
3．(2017·北京高考)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones hadn't been_invented (invent) yet.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her education (educate)．
5．(2015·湖南高考)For all your information, you don't have to go to the library to find the relevant (relevance) resource and take notes on it.
6．(2015·湖南高考)Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types (type) of sources.
7．(2015·湖南高考)You need to learn how to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project.Also, you need to check the accuracy (accurate) of it.
8．(2015·湖南高考)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk over what is bothering (bother) them.
9．(2014·福建高考) It is widely acknowledged that students should be_evaluated (evaluate) in terms of overall quality.
10．(2011·广东高考)One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival.I left it early because I had an appointment (appoint) later that day.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空

turn to, bother, evaluate, abandoned　　
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I'm still putting to use what he taught me：“The absolute most important skill that you learn when you play chess is how to make good decisions.On every single move you have to analyze a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and __59__ the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my role as a journalist.____________
2．(2015·四川高考)By year three, the rabbits and the groundhog were back ... So long as she had a slice to eat, she never __29__ the one on her head.It was a fair trade — I got a pleasure, and she had yet another tasty treat.____________
3．(2013·江苏高考)I searched the countryside for some place I could rent for the cheapest possible amount.I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road over the Potomac River in West Virginia.It was __41__， full of broken glass and rubbish.I found the owner, rented it, and cleared a corner to camp in.____________
4．(2011·重庆高考)In my memory he could fix any problem.He was the one I always __48__ for strength and security.____________
答案：1.evaluate　2.bothered　3.abandoned　4.turned to
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：今天的世界已进入一个全球化的互联网时代，伴随网络新兴技术的蓬勃发展，互联网时代对各行各业的影响不断迈上新台阶。同学们应时刻关注互联网领域的最新技术成果，特别是与当前社会热点相结合的无人驾驶、人工智能、智慧城市、全球化、智能制造、技术论坛等最前沿的技术创新成果。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加彩词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
As Congress and the public wrestle with the Facebook scandal (丑闻), many people are now realizing the risks of data collection to them. Facebook recently admitted that nearly all of its 2.2 billion users have had data scraped (篡改) by “illnatured” people or companies. The firm itself has joined calls for better privacy regulations.
For years, watchdogs have been warning about sharing information with data­collecting companies. Most casual Internet users are only now realizing how easy and common it is for irresponsible and unknown organizations to collect detailed digital data of them. They do this by combining the separate bits of information consumers have given up to e­tailers, health sites, quiz apps and countless other digital services.
A study from researchers at the University of Queensland shows that staying away from Facebook for five days can actually lower levels of the stress in the body. Yet despite the study, and the recent DeleteFacebook movement, Facebook user statistics remain strong.
As scholars of public responsibility and digital media systems, we know that the business of social media is based on user data and offering it for sale. There's no single way for them to protect data as many users might expect. Like the social pollution of fake news and junk mail that Facebook's platform spreads, the company's privacy crisis also results from a power imbalance — Facebook knows nearly everything about its users, who know little to nothing about it.
It's not enough for people to delete their Facebook accounts. Nor is it likely that anyone will successfully replace it with a non­profit alternative centering on privacy and responsibility. Besides, this problem is not specific just to Facebook! Other companies, including Google and Amazon, also gather and use extensive personal data, and are locked in a digital arms race that we believe threatens to destroy privacy altogether.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Facebook因大量收集客户的私人信息而受到国会和公众的指责，并且人们开始意识到信息安全的重要性。
1．What does the underlined word “this” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．Sharing information with data­collecting companies.
B．Collecting detailed digital data of consumers.
C．Combining the separate information of companies.
D．Quiz apps and countless other digital services.
解析：选B　代词指代题。根据第二段第二句可知，大多数不放在心上的互联网用户现在才意识到，对于那些不负责任和不知名的组织来说，收集他们的详细的数据是多么容易和常见。根据该句并结合画线词所在的句子可知，this指代关键句所提及的“收集客户的详细的数据”，故B项正确。
2．We can infer from the text that protecting personal data is ________.
A．difficult　　　　　　 B．easy
C．voluntary D．dangerous
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“There's no single way for them to protect data as many users might expect”可知，对于他们来说，没有一种方法可以像许多用户期望的那样保护数据。据此可知，保护个人数据是很困难的，故A项正确。
3．What would be the best title for the text?
A．The Personal Data of People
B．The Online Quiz App
C．The Business of Facebook
D．Facebook's Privacy Troubles
解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句“As Congress and the public wrestle with the Facebook scandal (丑闻), many people are now realizing the risks of data collection to them”可知，正如国会和公众努力解决Facebook的丑闻那样，许多人现在意识到数据收集的风险。通读全文可知，该句为本文的主题句；结合全文内容可知，本文主要论述了Facebook深陷收集个人隐私信息的麻烦中，故D项最适合作文章的标题。
4．What will the writer most probably discuss next?
A．Policy for Google and Amazon.
B．Business pattern of Facebook.
C．The age range of Facebook consumers.
D．Measures about personal data security.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，包括谷歌和亚马逊在内的其他公司也收集和使用了大量的个人数据，并被锁定在一场数字军备竞赛中，我们认为这会彻底摧毁隐私。据此可知，我们的个人隐私将得不到保护；因而可以判断，下文将介绍保护个人资料安全的具体措施，故D项正确。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
抓首段首句，突破新闻报道
新闻报道类文章关注时代热点，内容新颖，时效性强。在叙述上往往跳跃性较大，在行文方式上，作者常常综合运用倒叙、插叙等写作手法。在题目设置方面，信息定位具体，语言表达简洁、准确。需要特别关注的是，此类文章重视文章的首段、首句，根据文章第一段或者仅仅根据第一句便可知全文的主要内容。解题时应特别注意这一点，尤其是文中有主旨大意题时。
如本文第一句“As Congress and the public wrestle with the Facebook scandal (丑闻), many people are now realizing the risks of data collection to them”，开篇点题，指出“正如国会和公众努力解决Facebook的丑闻那样，许多人现在意识到数据收集的风险”，然后展开论述Facebook深陷收集个人隐私信息的麻烦中，故第3题答案为D项。



Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·潍坊模拟)Super­storm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States three years ago.The wind­driven water caused a lot of flooding, especially in the region's subway system.Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.
In New York City alone, Super­storm Sandy caused an estimated D|S19 billion in damage.Much of the flood­waters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates (通风栅)．Those metal grills usually lie at ground level.When the system is shut down ahead of a flood, engineers try to cover those grates with plywood (胶合板) and sandbags.But the flooding often washes away those measures, which allows water to flow into the tunnels.Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money.Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes.That would raise the grates and cost a lot of money, too.
Kyle and Raymond came up with a different, less expensive idea.They designed a metal grate with a built­in, adjustable cover.When trains are running, one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air.But when the system is shut down, that part can be slid shut to completely block the grate.
Their grate is the same size as the grates used now.So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.Their design includes tamper­proof features, which can prevent operation mistakes.They make sure that people don't intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditions.For people with the proper key, it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势。
1．What's the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The steps to operate grates.
B．The measures to prevent flood.
C．The function of plywood and sandbags.
D．The disadvantage of present subway system.
解析：选D　段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故本题选D。
2．Which of the following words best describes the two teens' new invention?
A．Costly.　　　　　　　 B．Time­saving.
C．Practical. D．Conventional.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一、二句可知他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很方便。故选C。
3．What's the purpose of designing the tamper­proof feature?
A．To replace the old grate correctly.
B．To close the grate ahead of a flood.
C．To ensure airflow in normal conditions.
D．To stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故本题选C。
4．Where does the text most probably come from?
A．A news report.
B．An adventurous story.
C．An introduction to new equipment.
D．A guidebook to making grates.
解析：选A　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。
B
(2019·兰州诊断)Children all over the world who have tried the potato or lemon battery experiments know that an electrical current can be generated by creating a reaction between the food and two different metals. However, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have found a way to harvest power from trees. They use the same metal for both electrodes (电极) specifically in order not to confuse this effect with the potato effect.
While proving that trees can provide a source of power is a significant step, a key question remains: can the tiny voltage (电压) produced by a tree be used for anything useful? Now scientists are debating over how to use this power source for human benefits.
The most practical thing is the fire alarm for the forest department, originating from the tree itself. The electric power from trees can charge a battery. This battery in turn will be connected to a small sensor. This sensor will power a brief radio transmission (传送). That radio signal will transport daily soil and air condition measurements to a network of much larger, solar powered Forest Service environmental monitoring stations. Those sensors will also give out a crisis signal in the event of a sudden rise in air temperature that might indicate the outbreak of a forest fire.
“I truly believe it has potential，” said Victoria Henderson, branch chief for equipment and chemicals at the Forest Service's National Interagency Fire Center. “If this can enhance (提高) our existing technology to a degree that would gain us a lot more fire protection, then we'd look at a plan to purchase it for our nationwide infrastructure (基础设施), which is huge.”
Researchers have discovered that the greater the pH difference between the tree and the soil, the more the energy will be produced. Some researchers also admit that “tree power” isn't as practical as solar energy, but believe that the system could be scaled­up as a low­cost option for powering tree sensors that help detect environmental conditions or forest fires. Using the electronic output to keep track of a tree's health is another possibility.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树木可以产电及实际产电功用。
5．Why does the author mention the potato battery experiment in the first paragraph?
A．To explain what it is.
B．To stress the importance of electricity.
C．To introduce the power source from trees.
D．To encourage people to try this experiment.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，作者在第一段中介绍马铃薯电池实验的目的是介绍来自于树木的电力。
6．What do we know about the fire alarm mentioned in the third paragraph?
A．The fire alarm can make a very loud sound.
B．Smoke from a fire can cause the alarm to go off.
C．The electric power it needs comes from the tree.
D．It has been widely used in the forest department.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The most practical thing is ... originating from the tree itself”可知，火警警报所需要的电力来自于树。
7．What's Victoria Henderson's attitude towards the fire alarm system?
A．Cautious. B．Favorable.
C．Disapproving. D．Unconcerned.
解析：选B　观点态度题。根据第四段第二句“If this can enhance (提高) our existing technology ... which is huge”可知，Victoria Henderson对火灾报警系统的态度是赞同的。
8．What causes trees to create electrical currents?
A．The sensor implanted in the tree.
B．The new way adopted by the researchers.
C．The special metal used in the battery experiment.
D．The pH difference between the soil and the tree.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Researchers have discovered that the greater the pH difference between the tree and the soil, the more the energy will be produced”可知，树木产生电流的原因是土壤和树木之间的pH值有差异。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·广州综合测试)One of my teammates said it best on our last day of the season：“Guys, you are my family. We are all brothers.” Our tennis team is more than just a group of individual players thrown __1__；there is a friendship __2__ by no other group with which I have been involved. We are __3__， yet connected. We have student­athletes from all four years of high school, from different parts of the city, and from different families and social __4__. Nevertheless, we are all __5__ by a shared love of tennis. The tennis team __6__ to me because it contains two things that I treasure most: tennis and __7__.
Ever since I was ten years old, the __8__ aspect of tennis has attracted me to the physical sport. My first tennis coach always used to say, “Tennis is 10% physical and 90% mental.”
__9__ the mental strength to stay __10__ and controlled under pressure, skills are __11__. Sometimes I feel like I have two __12__ in a match: me against the person on the other side of the net, and me against the person inside my head, telling me to hit a better shot.
However, despite the __13__ pressures of tennis, the brotherhood __14__ by working together as a team helps spread the __15__ of the pressure over an entire group. We __16__ each other on and off the court. We do this because we have become a(n) __17__ away from home. I play my best tennis when I have my team's full support, __18__ in the knowledge that they are always backing me __19__. I know that each one of us puts everything we have into every __20__ whether we are playing or cheering.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。我们是有着不同背景的网球队员，对网球的热爱使我们组成了一个大家庭；在比赛中，由于得到了队员的全力支持，“我”常常能发挥出最佳球技。网球让我们成为好兄弟。
1．A.around B．back
C．forward D．together
解析：选D　根据语境可知，我们的网球队不仅仅是由单独的球员意外聚在一起的一个团队；由该句中的关键词“individual players”可推知，空处表示“使偶然相遇”，故D项正确。
2．A.earned B．followed
C．matched D．noticed
解析：选C　根据语境可知，我们的网球队有着其他队伍不能匹敌的友谊。C项意为“相匹敌”，符合语境。A项意为“赢得，获得”，B项意为“跟随”，D项意为“注意到”，都与语境不符。
3．A.courageous B．diverse
C．motivated D．skillful
解析：选B　根据该句“We are ________， yet connected”并结合下句“We have student­athletes from all four years of high school, from different parts of the city, and from different families and social ________”可知，我们各不相同，但是彼此又有联系。B项意为“不同的，多样的”，符合语境。A项意为“有勇气的”，C项意为“积极的，主动的”，D项意为“熟练的，处理巧妙的”，都与语境不符。
4．A.activities B．backgrounds
C．responsibilities D．services
解析：选B　根据该句内容可推知，我们的社会背景各不相同。B项意为“背景”，符合语境。
5．A.disturbed B．sponsored
C．trained D．united
解析：选D　根据语境可知，然而，对网球共同的爱把我们联合在一起。D项意为“团结的”，符合语境。
6．A.continues B．returns
C．matters D．occurs
解析：选C　根据该句中的“because it contains two things that I treasure most”可知，因为球队里有“我”最珍视的两件东西，所以网球队对“我”重要。C项意为“重要”，符合语境。
7．A.brotherhood B．childhood
C．entertainment D．society
解析：选A　根据上文中的“there is a friendship”和最后一段中的“the brotherhood”并结合选项可知，网球队对“我”重要，因为球队里有“我”最珍视的两件东西：网球和手足情谊。A项意为“手足情谊”，符合语境。B项意为“童年”，C项意为“娱乐”，D项意为“社会”，都与语境不符。
8．A.physical B．environmental
C．mental D．technical
解析：选C　根据下句“My first tennis coach always used to say, ‘Tennis is 10% physical and 90% mental.’”可知，“我”的第一位网球教练过去常说，网球是10%的体力和90%的智力的体育运动；再结合该句可知，从“我”十岁开始，网球的智力要求就吸引着“我”参加该项体育运动。C项意为“智力的”，符合语境。
9．A.According to B．Beyond
C．In spite of D．Without
解析：选D　根据语境可知，在压力下，如果没有智力来保持冷静并能克制，那么技巧是没有用的。D项意为“没有，缺乏”，符合语境。
10．A.active B．calm
C．hopeful D．silent
解析：选B　参见上题解析。B项意为“冷静的”，符合语境。A项意为“活跃的”，C项意为“抱有希望的”，D项意为“沉默的”，都与语境不符。
11．A.contradictory B．difficult
C．useless D．powerful
解析：选C　参见第9题解析。C项意为“无用的”，符合语境。A项意为“相反的”，B项意为“困难的”，D项意为“有力量的”，都与语境不符。
12．A.opponents B．friends
C．goals D．risks
解析：选A　根据空后的“me against the person on the other side of the net, and me against the person inside my head, telling me to hit a better shot”可知，有时“我”觉得在一场比赛中“我”有两个对手。A项意为“对手”，符合语境。B项意为“朋友”，C项意为“目标”，D项意为“风险”，都与语境不符。
13．A.unavoidable B．unreasonable
C．unexpected D．unwelcome
解析：选A　根据语境并结合常识可知，在网球运动中压力是不可避免的。A项意为“不可避免的”，符合语境。B项意为“不合理的”，C项意为“未曾想到的”，D项意为“不受欢迎的”，都与语境不符。
14．A.allocated B．created
C．imagined D．suspected
解析：选B　根据语境可知，该处指由全队成员团结一致而创造的手足情谊。B项意为“创造”，符合语境。A项意为“分配”，C项意为“想象，设想”，D项意为“怀疑，猜想”，都与语境不符。
15．A.area B．control
C．value D．weight
解析：选D　根据语境可知，手足情谊会将这种压力的重量分布到整个群体中。D项意为“重量”，符合语境。A项意为“地区”，B项意为“控制”，C项意为“价值”，都与语境不符。
16．A.support B．fight
C．recognize D．teach
解析：选A　根据该句“We ________ each other on and off the court”并结合下文的support可知，我们在球场上和球场下都彼此支持。A项意为“支持”，符合语境。B项意为“斗争”，C项意为“认出”，D项意为“教学”，都与语境不符。
17．A.audience B．family
C．reason D．surprise
解析：选B　根据第一段中的“you are my family”并结合全文内容可知，我们能彼此相互支持是因为我们已经成了一家人。
18．A.anxious B．curious
C．sensitive D．secure
解析：选D　根据语境可知，当球队成员全力支持“我”的时候，“我”的球技发挥最佳，知道背后总是有他们热情的支持，“我”就放心了。secure in the knowledge that ...为固定用法，意为“知道……就安心/放心了”，故D项正确。A项意为“着急的”，B项意为“好奇的”，C项意为“敏感的”，都与语境不符。
19．A.enthusiastically B．differently
C．gradually D．intentionally
解析：选A　参见上题解析。A项意为“热情地”，符合语境。B项意为“以不同的方式”，C项意为“逐渐地”，D项意为“故意地”，都与语境不符。
20．A.dream B．person
C．match D．team
解析：选C　句意：我知道我们每个人在每一场比赛中都尽自己所能，不管我们是在参赛还是在加油助威。C项意为“比赛”，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·湖北七市联考)We use flowers as messengers, to say something we might have trouble saying __1__ (direct) ourselves. Over time flowers have come to symbolize the most powerful human experiences: beauty, love, hope, and rebirth. Sweet flowers alone can say __2__ one fears expressing. We've listed some of the most famous flowers __3__ have a special significance.
In Mao Zedong's poem Ode to the Plum Blossom (《咏梅》), the plum blossom was used __4__ (praise) great soldiers who sacrificed their lives for a better life for Chinese people.
__5__ great Chinese poet Li Bai from the Tang Dynasty once compared Yang Yuhuan's beautiful face to blooming peonies (牡丹). Flowering in May, peonies' large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and __6__ (rich) in traditional Chinese culture.
The orchid (兰花) is well known for its delicate smell. Beautiful articles and poems __7__ (call) “lanzhang” by Chinese people in ancient times.
Roses, of course, have the __8__ (colorful) meaning among all the flowers. Red roses, to this day, mean “I love you.” A red rose, rather than yellow roses, __9__ (act) as the traditional romantic gift given to your love on Valentine's Day. __10__ (send) yellow roses can be risky, as they represent either friendship or envy.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们把花当作信使来表达情感。
1．directly　考查副词。由空前的动词saying可知，此处应用副词修饰，故填directly。
2．what　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，同时结合语境“一个人害怕表达什么”，所以填what。
3．that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词为flowers且有形容词最高级修饰，所以空处只能填关系代词that而不能用which。
4．to praise　考查非谓语动词。结合语境可知此处应用不定式作目的状语，所以填to praise。be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”。
5．The　考查冠词。句中Li Bai作poet的同位语，而介词短语from the Tang Dynasty是后置定语，所以空处应填定冠词The表特指。
6．richness　考查名词。空前and一词决定其前后单词词性相同，and前prosperity (繁荣)是名词，所以空处应该也是名词，形容词rich的名词是richness。
7．were called　考查动词的时态和语态。sth. be called sth. “……被称为……”，是固定搭配；由时间状语“in ancient times (在古代)”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
8．most colorful　考查形容词最高级。由句末介词短语“among all the flowers(在所有的花之中)”可知，这里应用形容词的最高级，所以填most colorful。
9．acts　考查动词的时态及主谓一致。本段描述的都是客观情况，故应用一般现在时；句子的主语是A red rose，而不是rather than后的yellow roses，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式，故填acts。
10．Sending　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以应用动词­ing形式作主语，故填Sending。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·石家庄质检)When I was in high school, I wanted to get a scholarship to a university. I liked singing, so I try out for a scholarship for music. But I failed to get one. I was real upset. I felt like failure. I just kept feeling sorry for me. However, after a few day, I decided not to let one single loss to keep me from doing what I love. But I cheered up and devoted myself to sing again. I think that accepting failure is that we need to do first before we success eventually.
答案：第二句：try→tried
第四句：real→really
第五句：failure前加a
第六句：me→myself
第七句：day→days; 去掉第二个to
第八句：But→So; sing→singing
第九句：第二个that→what; success→succeed