2021届高考一轮复习梳理点拨学案：人教版必修1Unit5NelsonMandela_amodernhero

Unit 5  Nelson Mandela—a modern hero

基础自主检测

1.“n.＋­ful→adj.”荟萃

①peace→peaceful    和平的

②pain→painful    痛苦的

③harm→harmful    有害的

④power→powerful    强大的

⑤meaning→meaningful    有意义的

⑥cheer→cheerful    欢乐的

2.“奖；奖赏”汇总

①reward vt. 酬劳；奖赏

n. 报酬；奖金

②award vt. 授予；奖给

n. 奖品；奖金

③prize n. 奖金；奖品

④bonus n. 奖金；红利

3.表“人物性格特点”正反形容词

①mean 吝啬的→generous 慷慨的

②selfish 自私的→selfless 无私的

③self­abased 自卑的→confident 自信的

一 动词＋介/副词

1.blow up 使充气；爆炸

2.turn to 求助于；转向

3.set up 设立；建立

4.be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)

二 介词＋名词

5.out of work 失业

6.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中

7.in prison 蹲监狱

8.in one's opinion/view 在某人看来

三 其他

9.as a matter of fact 事实上

10.be willing to do 愿意做某事

11.lose heart 丧失勇气或信心

12.come to power 当权；上台

1.“动词＋to”短语小结

①turn to 求助于；转向　 　 ②object to 反对

③refer to 谈到；涉及；参阅   ④point to 指向

⑤belong to 属于   ⑥stick to 坚持；忠于

⑦see to 照料；料理   ⑧come to 共计；苏醒；谈到

2.“out of＋n.”短语荟萃

①out of work 失业   ②out of control 失控

③out of mind 心不在焉

④out of order 有毛病；出故障

⑤out of date 过时   ⑥out of place 不适当

3.“in＋n.”短语一览

①in trouble 在困境中   ②in danger 处于危险中

③in return 作为回报   ④in detail 详细地

⑤in order 井然有序   ⑥in place 在适当的位置

⑦in vain 徒劳地   ⑧in peace 平静地

1.在“the first(＋n./pron.)＋to do”结构中，不定式作后置定语

He was  the first man to land on the moon (第一位登上月球的人) in July 1969.(教材P33)

2.This was a time when ... “这是一个……的时期”

However,  this was a time when (这是一个……的时期) one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.(教材P34)

3.stage表示抽象的地点时，常接where引导的定语从句

The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where (……的阶段) we have almost no rights at all.(教材P34)

4.only加状语置于句首，后面的句子要部分倒装

only then did we decide to (直到那时我们才决定) answer violence with violence.(教材P34)

5.the first time引导时间状语从句

I felt bad the first time I talked to a group (我第一次给旅行团作讲解时)．(教材P38)

单句语法填空

1.He          (found) the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years' fighting.

答案：founded

2.The time          I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.

答案：when

3.He offered          (guide) to poor black people on their legal problems.

答案：guidance

4.He was generous          his time,          which I was grateful.

答案：with; for

5.We were put into a position          we had either to accept we were less important,          fight the government.

答案：where; or

6.We first broke the law in a way          was peaceful.

答案：which/that

7.We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find          (make) candles to see the words.

答案：to make

8.He said they should not          (stop) from studying for their degrees.

答案：be stopped

9.Since I was better educated, I         (get) a job working in an office.

答案：got

10.I remembered the beatings and the          (cruel) of the guards and my friends who had died.

答案：cruelty

考点步步冲关

1 devote　vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于

A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.(P33)

伟人是把一生致力于帮助别人的人。

(1)devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于

devote ... to ... 把……奉献于……

(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的

be devoted to深爱；致力于

(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚

[名师点津]　在短语devote ... to ... 中，to为介词，其后接名词或动名词，类似短语还包括：

look forward to期盼；get down to开始着手做；be/get used to习惯于；be/get accustomed to习惯于；lead to导致；pay attention to注意；object to反对；be addicted to 对……上瘾；contribute to 有助于，促进；adapt to 适应；be attached to 喜欢，附属于；stick to 坚持；be opposed to 反对；adjust to 适应

即时练1

单句语法填空

①(2017·天津高考)I feel that I've been given a second life to devote          something that is meaningful and enormous.

②(2016·北京高考)Neighbors devoted their spare time to          (help) others rebuild.

③         (devote) to his research, he has no time to spend a weekend with his family.

答案：①to　②helping　③Devoted

单句写作——句式升级

④她专心练习了十年，成为世界上最好的长距离游泳运动员之一。

a．普通表达：

                                               and became one of the world's best long­distance swimmers.

b．高级表达：

                                        ， she became one of the world's best long­distance swimmers. (现在分词短语作原因状语)

c．高级表达：

                                  ， she became one of the world's best long­distance swimmers. (过去分词短语作原因状语)

答案：a.She devoted herself to practicing for ten years　b．Devoting herself to practicing for ten years　c．Devoted to practicing for ten years

2 escape　vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开

It was a prison from which no one  escaped.(P38)

那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。

(1)escape doing sth. 逃避做某事

escape from 从……逃脱/逃避

escape one's attention/notice 逃避某人的注意

(2)fire escape 太平梯；安全梯；安全出口

a narrow escape 九死一生

(3)escaped adj. 逃跑了的

即时练2

单句语法填空

①It is said that he narrowly escaped          (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.

②He escaped          prison this morning.

③Compared with the          (escape) driver, I am proud of what I did.

答案：①being killed　②from　③escaped

3 reward　n．& vt.报酬；奖金；酬劳；奖赏

They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.(P38)

他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水，是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。

(1)as a reward for作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏

get/receive reward 获得回报

in reward (for ...)作为(对……的)报答/奖赏

(2)reward sb. for sth./doing sth.为(做)某事而报答/奖赏某人

reward sb. with sth.用某物奖赏某人

(3)rewarding adj. 值得的；有益的；有回报的

即时练3

单句语法填空

①He rewarded the boy          $10          bringing back the lost dog.

②When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and          (reward)．

③Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai          (reward) with a magnificent view.

答案：①with; for　②rewarding　③was rewarded

get into trouble陷入困境；惹麻烦

get sb. into/out of trouble使某人陷入/摆脱困境

have trouble/difficulty做某事有困难

ask for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃

take (the) trouble to do sth. 费力/不辞辛苦地做某事(也可根据语境在trouble前加上a lot of/a little/great等)

即时练1

单句语法填空

①They are taking a lot of trouble          (find) the right person for the right job.

②You can't imagine the trouble I had          (persuade) him to change his mind.

③Please don't hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you  have trouble          your study.

答案：①to find　②persuading　③with

单句改错

④If you are in the trouble, Mike is always willing to lend a hand.

答案：去掉the

(1)turn down拒绝；调小

turn off/on关掉/打开

turn out证明是；结果是；生产

turn ( ... ) into (使……)变成

turn over翻页；移交；使翻转

turn up露面；突然出现；开大

(2)in turn 依次；轮流

take turns to do/doing sth. 轮流做某事

即时练2

写出下列句中turn to的含义

①Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left.       

②While in trouble, you can turn to her for help.       

③If you turn to page 40, you will find it.       

④After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.       

答案：①转向　②求助于　③翻到　④开始从事

根据语境用适当的介副词填空

This morning, my grandmother turned   ⑤   the radio to listen to the news as usual. She felt she could not hear clearly. So she turned it   ⑥  . But it was no use. She had to turn   ⑦   my father for help. I saw my father turned   ⑧   the radio and turned it   ⑨   to see what was wrong. It turned   ⑩   that the button did not work any more. My father repaired it and told my grandmother to turn   ⑪   the radio, for the neighbor's little baby was asleep at the time.

答案：⑤on　⑥up　⑦to　⑧off　⑨over　⑩out　⑪down

lose one's heart to sb.爱上某人

put one's heart into 一心扑在……上

learn sth. by heart 背诵；记牢……

strike ... into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心

open your heart to sb. 向某人敞开心扉；倾诉衷肠

heart and soul 全心全意

from the bottom of one's heart 从某人的心底；真心实意地

[名师点津]　短语lose heart中heart前不能有任何修饰、限定成分，heart也不用复数形式。

即时练3

单句写作

①在面对困难的时候我们不应该丧失勇气，如果我们努力，我们就会找到出路。

We should not                in face of difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out.

②事实上，世上无难事，只怕有心人。

As a matter of fact, nothing is too difficult if you                          .

③我从心底感谢你的慷慨捐赠。

Thank you                                      for your generous donations.

答案：①lose heart　②put your heart into it　③from the bottom of my heart

(1)see表示“经历，发生”。

see, find, witness等一些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。该句是一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。

(2)where引导定语从句，修饰先行词stage。

当先行词是stage, situation, case, position, point, family等词，且从句中不缺少主语和宾语时，将以上词看作抽象地点，因而关系词常为in which或where。

[名师点津]　occasion作先行词，且从句中不缺主语和宾语时，若意为“时刻”，则选用关系副词when；若意为“场合”，则选用关系副词where。

即时练1

单句语法填空

①The old temple          (see) great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.

②The last thirty years          (witness) a large number of laws guaranteeing us our rights.

答案：①has seen　②have witnessed

单句写作

③这一项目旨在使孩子们进入“深度阅读”的阶段，在这一阶段他们可以为了学习而读书。

The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading”，                .

④销售经理这一职位，将交流能力与销售技能看得同等重要。

Sales director is a                        is just as important as sales skills.

⑤你可能遇上一种情况，使你不得不立刻作出决定。

You could get into a                          immediately.

答案：③where/in which they can read to learn　④position where/in which communication ability　⑤situation where/in which you have to make a decision

only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。

(1)“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。

(2)only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。

即时练2

单句写作

①只有当他告诉我这个消息时，我才知道了真相。

Only when he told me about the news                             .

②只有用这种方式我们才能生活在更舒服更美好的环境中。

                     in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.

③只有那些接受这个现实的人才能过上真正充实的生活。

Only those              this reality              a really full life.

答案：①did I know the truth　②Only in this way can we live　③who accept; can lead/live

(1)名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：

＝as soon as 一……就……

(2)

(3)有些副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，如：instantly, immediately, directly等，相当于as soon as。

(4)hardly/scarcely ... when ... 以及no sooner ... than ... 意为“一……就……”，从句常用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，要用部分倒装。

[名师点津]　要注意the first time与for the first time的区别：the first time 用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当第一次……的时候”；而for the first time 是介词短语，只能用作状语，不可用来引导状语从句，意为“第一次”。

即时练3

单句语法填空

①Be careful! The machine starts          moment you press the button.

②Hardly had I got to the office          my wife phoned me to go back home at once.

③My mom didn't wait a moment, but came          (direct) she received my call.

④The          (one) time I interviewed him, he looked a bit nervous.

答案：①the　②when　③directly　④first

定语从句(Ⅱ)

定语从句除了由关系代词引导外，还可由关系副词when, where, why引导，它们在从句中作状语。

[重点提示]　

选择关系副词作关系词的原则是：从句中不缺少主语或宾语，然后根据先行词表示的时间，地点和原因来确定是使用when, where还是why。

即时练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job 　　　　， without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to.

答案：where

2．I don't know the reason          you were absent from the meeting and I'm sure that someone will tell me the reason          you haven't told me.

答案：why; which/that

3．We went through a period         communications were very difficult in the rural areas.

答案：when

4．Everyone will go through life's stages of ups and downs,          self­respect plays a key role in the maturity of a person.

答案：where

5．The yellow house          windows face south is the place          I spent my childhood.

答案：whose; where

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．The desk you have put so many books is mine.

答案：desk后加where

2．This is the reason why he explained for his being late for school.

答案：why→which/that

3．Next month, which you will spend your holiday in your town, is approaching.

答案：which→when

4．The house that he lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

答案：that→where

5．There used to be a time during when the Chinese people struggled for freedom.

答案：when→which

基础达标演练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．It does serious harm to children's character that too much          (violent) is shown on TV.

答案：violence

2．Encouraged by my teacher, I am very          (hope) about my future.

答案：hopeful

3．Your teacher can give you          (guide) on choosing a career and writing a job application.

答案：guidance

4．It shocked her to hear that her good friend          (attack) with cancer.

答案：was attacked

5．The conflict between the two sides can be settled in a          (peace) way.

答案：peaceful

6．I am the first          (arrive), and she is the second.

答案：to arrive

7．Only          (educate) people can have a good understanding of the lecture given by the scientist.

答案：educated

8．The company          (found) in 1996 is one of the new high­tech companies.

答案：founded

9．Maggie thought it was          (fair) that women were not allowed to receive education.

答案：unfair

10．The man should be condemned for his          (cruel) to his wife.

答案：cruelty

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Though beaten by the opposite team they didn't lose their heart.

答案：去掉their

2．The children were so excited to be taken aboard the first time.

答案：aboard后加for

3．She started singing to the baby and was rewarded to a smile.

答案：第二个to→with

4．The time he has devoted in the past ten years to help the disabled is now considered to be of great value.

答案：help→helping

5．This was a time which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.

答案：which→when

Ⅲ.教材微写作

A．根据提示完成句子

1．我第一次听说史蒂芬·霍金时，就被他的奉献精神所感动。(the first time; devotion)

答案：The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his devotion to the research.

2．在日常生活中，他处于很大的麻烦之中。(in great trouble)

答案：In his daily life, he is in great trouble.

3．只有求助于电脑时，他才能讲话、阅读和写作。(only when ...; turn to)

答案：Only when he turned to the computer was it possible for him to speak, read and write.

4．他对于世界的贡献是无与伦比的。(have no equal)

答案：His contributions to the world have no equal.

5．在我看来，任何东西都无法回报他对科学的贡献。(in one's opinion; in reward for)

答案：In my opinion, nothing could be in reward for his contributions to science.

B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范

答案：The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his devotion to the research. In his daily life, he is in great trouble. Only when he turned to the computer was it possible for him to speak, read and write. However, his contributions to the world have no equal. And in my opinion, nothing could be in reward for his contributions to science.