2021届高考一轮复习梳理点拨学案：人教版选修7Unit4Sharing

Unit 4  Sharing基础自主检测阅读识记Ⅰ.英译汉1.fortnight n. 两星期2.platform n. 台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台3.comb n. 梳子vi. 梳(发)4.catalogue n. 目录5.trunk n. 树干；躯干；大衣箱6.tailor n. 裁缝vt. 剪裁；缝制(衣服)Ⅱ.汉译英1.roof n. 屋顶；车顶2.muddy adj. 泥泞的；泥土般的3.concept n. 观念；概念4.remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的5.privilege n. 特权；特别优待6.astronaut n. 宇航员；太空人高频应用1.textbook n. 教科书；课本　　　　2.weekly adj.& adv. 每周(的)3.otherwise conj. 否则；不然　adv. 用别的方法；其他方面4.toast vt. 烤(面包等)；敬酒 　n. 烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯5.purchase vt.& n. 买；购买  6.anniversary n. 周年纪念(日)7.seed n. 种子；萌芽8.click vi.& vt. (使) 发出咔哒声　n. 咔哒声9.clinic n. 门诊部；小诊所拓展变形1.relevant (adj.) 有关的；切题的→irrelevant (反义词) (adj.) 无关紧要的；不切题的→relevance (n.) 有关；切题→relevantly (adv.) 有关地；切题地2.adjust (vi.& vt.) 调整；(使)适合→adjustable (adj.) 可调整的→adjustment (n.) 调整；调节；适应3.participate (vi.) 参与；参加→participation (n.) 参加；参与→participant (n.) 参与者4.arrangement (n.) 安排；排列→arrange (v.) 安排；排列5.angle (n.) 角；角度→angel (形近词)  (n.) 天使6.donate (vt.) 捐赠→donation (n.) 捐赠；赠送→donator (n.) 捐赠者7.voluntary (adj.) 自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→voluntarily (adv.) 志愿地→volunteer (v.) 自愿 (n.) 志愿者8.economic (adj.) 经济的；经济学的→economy (n.) 经济→economical (adj.) 经济的；节约的；合算的9.political (adj.) 政治的；政党的→politics (n.) 政治→politician (n.) 政治家10.distribute (vt.) 分配；分发→distribution (n.) 分配；分发；分布状态11.financial (adj.) 财务的；金融的；财政的→finance (n.) 财政；资金12.security (n.) 安全；保护；保障→secure (adj.) 安全的；稳定的 (vt.) (使)获得；使安全；获得安全13.operate (vi.) 工作；运转 (vt.) 操作→operation (n.) 手术；运转→operator (n.) 操作人员1.以“­s”结尾的非复数名词①politics 政治②news 新闻③physics 物理④abacus 算盘⑤economics 经济学⑥linguistics 语言学2.常用“­y”结尾的形容词一览①muddy 泥泞的②sunny 阳光充足的③windy 多风的；夸夸其谈的④rainy 多雨的⑤cloudy 多云的；阴天的⑥foggy 雾气蒙蒙的⑦stormy 狂风暴雨般的⑧snowy 积雪覆盖的3.含“­able”后缀的高频形容词①adjustable 可调节的②respectable 可敬的③adaptable 可适应的④reasonable 合理的⑤agreeable 欣然同意的⑥variable 可变化的
一 动词＋介/副词1．hear from 收到……的信2．come across 偶然遇到3．stick out 伸出4．get through 完成；穿过；接通电话5．participate in 参与……；参加……6．dry out (河流、井等)干涸7．provide ... for ... 为……提供……二 be＋形容词＋介词8．(be) dying to 极想；渴望9．be relevant to ... 和……有关三 其他10．the other day 不久前的一天11．make a difference to 对……有影响；起作用12．in need 在困难中；在危急中1．“v.＋from”短语①hear from 收到……的信②date from 追溯到③result from 由于④escape from 从……逃脱⑤benefit from 从……中获益2．“与……有关”多种表达①be relevant to 与……有关②be related to 与……有关③be connected with 与……有关④in connection with 与……有关/相连⑤be associated with 与……有关 _________________________________________________________________1．“名词/代词/数词＋of＋which/whom ...”引导定语从句Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most_of_whom (他们中的大多数人) will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.(教材P29)2．doubt whether ...  “怀疑是否……”To be honest, I doubt_whether (怀疑是否) I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.(教材P29)3．do/does/did＋动词原形，对句子的谓语进行强调But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did_visit (确实拜访了) a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.(教材P29)4．“介词＋where”引导的定语从句We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from_where (从那里) we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.(教材P29)5．“adj.＋enough” 结构There were no windows and the doorway was just big__enough__to_get_through (足够大以进入). (教材P30)6．what if “如果……将会怎样；如果……怎么办”She was dying to see him again but what_if_he_didn't_want_to_see_her (如果他不想见她怎么办)？(教材P32)7．not ... but ...  “不是……而是……”，连接并列成分The gift you give is not (不是) something your loved one keeps but (而是) a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.(教材P34)单句语法填空1．Thanks for your letter, ________ took a fortnight to arrive.答案：which2．I know you're dying ________ (hear) all about my life here.答案：to hear3．The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment ________， before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!答案：when4．The boys ________ had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.答案：who5．That's ________ (actual) quite difficult as I don't speak much of the local English dialect yet.答案：actually6．There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get ________.答案：through7．Usually Kiak would sleep in her own hut, but that night she was going to share the platform ________ us.答案：with8．He then covered the vegetables ________ banana leaves and left them to steam.答案：with9．We ate inside the hut ________ (sit) round the fire.答案：sitting10．I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate ________ the conversation.答案：in考点步步冲关1 adjust　vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.(P30)小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过好一阵才能适应过来。(1)adjust ... to ... 调整……以适应……adjust to sth./doing sth. 适应(做)某事adjust oneself to 使自己适应于(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应make an adjustment 作出调整(3)adjustable adj. 可调整的　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练1单句语法填空①This kind of desk can be ________ (adjust) to the height you need. Besides, it's not expensive at all.②We have made an ________ (adjust) to our price and give you a special discount of 3 percent.③When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to ________ (live) on his own.答案：①adjusted　②adjustment　③living一句多译在高中时迈克的妈妈为他做了几乎所有的事情。这让他难以适应大学第一年的生活。④Mike's mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, ____________________________________________.(定语从句)⑤Mike's mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, ________________________________________.(现在分词作结果状语)答案：④which made it difficult for him to adjust to the first­year college life　⑤making it difficult for him to adjust to the first­year college life2 participate　vi.参加；参与I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate in the conversation. (P30)我很喜欢听这家人轻声细语地谈话，尽管我不能参与到他们的谈话中。(1)participate in (doing) sth.参加(做)某事participate with sb. in sth. 与某人分担某事；同某人一起参与某事(2)participant n. 参加者；参与者participation n. 参与；参加　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练2单句写作①在老师的鼓励下，参与者积极参加英语演讲比赛。他们的参与鼓励了班上其他人努力学习。Encouraged by the teacher, the ________ actively ____________ the English speech contest. Their ________ inspired the rest of the class to study hard.答案：participants; participated in; participation单句写作——词汇升级②有那么多的学生参加比赛，你要保持你的冠军地位很难。a．普通表达：So many students ________________ the competition, so it is difficult for you to hold your championship.b．高级表达：____________________________ the competition, it is difficult for you to hold your championship.(with复合结构)答案：a.take part in　b．With so many students participating in3 donate　vt.捐赠；赠送Would you like to donate an unusual gift？(P34)你愿意捐献一份不平常的礼物吗？(1)donate ... to ...  把……捐赠给……(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献donation of ... ……的捐赠make a donation to 向……捐赠(3)donator n. 捐赠者　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练3单句语法填空①Besides, we have made a ________ (donate) of some money, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty.②The doctor is looking for a ________ (donate) with the rare blood type.③Yesterday, our school held a charity benefit, and many people made donations ________ the Green Project Hope.答案：①donation　②donator　③to单句写作——句式升级④这位老人为学校捐献了很多钱，让学生们重返教室。a．普通表达：The old man ________________________ the school. It enables the students to return to their classrooms.b．高级表达：________________________________________________________________________________________________(分词作状语)答案：a.donated a lot of money to　b．The old man  donated  a lot of money to the school, enabling the students to return to their classrooms.4 operate　vi.工作；运转；动手术　vt.操作This gift covers the cost of exercise books and textbooks for community primary schools that operate in poor or remote villages.(P35)这份礼物包括贫穷或偏远村庄社区小学的练习本和课本的费用。(1)operate on sb. 给某人做手术(2)operation n. 操作；手术；运转in operation 工作中；使用中；生效perform an operation 做手术put sth. into operation 实施某事；使某物运转come into operation 开始工作；开始生效operating system (计算机)操作系统　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练4写出下列句中operate的含义①People were trapped between floors because the lift didn't operate properly.________②No matter which machine he operates, he will deal with it carefully.________③If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn't have died. ________④The medicine will operate in ten minutes.________⑤The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.________答案：①运转　②操作　③做手术　④起作用　⑤经营单句语法填空⑥For most people, it's almost impossible ________ (operate) a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet.⑦With an increasing number of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a lot of activities.⑧We're all ready to put it ________ operation; in other words, we're going to take action as fast as possible.答案：⑥to operate　⑦operation　⑧into1(be) dying to do sth. 渴望做某事教材原句I know you're dying to hear all about my life here, so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.(P29)我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况，所以我在信中附有几张照片，会帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。(1) 渴望得到某物(2) (3)die of/from 死于　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练1单句语法填空①We've been walking for an hour, I'm dying ________ a cold drink.②Mike is eager ________ (stay) away from the busy city life for a while.③The animals died ________ starvation in the snow.答案：①for　②to stay　③of一句多译退休后，这位老人渴望回到家乡度过余生。④The old man ____________________________ for the rest of his life after his retirement. (dying)⑤The old man ______________________________ for the rest of his life after his retirement. (long)答案：④is dying to go back to his hometown　⑤is longing to go back to his hometown2in need 在困难中；在危急中教材原句 ... bring hope for a better future to a community in need.(P34)……给急需帮助的社区带来改善未来的希望。in need of 需要……satisfy/meet one's needs 满足某人的需要needn't have done ...  本来没必要做而做了……There is no need (for sb.) to do ... (某人)没必要做……　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练2单句语法填空①Thousands of people donated money and food to children ________ need.②Your project is intended to meet their ________ (need), so you must consider their opinions.③We needn't ________ (pack) our thick clothes. The weather was really warm.④There is no need ________ (put) the meeting ahead because we still have three weeks before the end of the term.⑤As he was in need ________ money, he was forced to sacrifice the furniture.答案：①in　②needs　③have packed　④to put　⑤of1We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had  fantastic views and then down a steep path to the  valley below.(P29)翻译我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊，从那里我们看到了奇妙的景色，然后走下一个陡坡，一直走到下边的山谷。句中from where引导的定语从句修饰a ridge，关系副词where前一般不加介词，但from where却是个例外。此处from where相当于and from there (从那儿)，用于引导非限制性定语从句。如：He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see the enemy in the distance.他躲在一棵树上，从那儿他可以看到远处的敌人。[名师点津]　在“介词＋关系词”型定语从句中，关系词常为which和whom，而关系副词where和when之前一般不加介词，除了from where外，还有since when(相当于and from then)也属特例，需特别注意。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练1单句语法填空①His head soon appeared out of the window, from ________ he saw nothing but trees.②I have bought that house, and from ________ I can enjoy the beautiful scene of Yangpu Bridge.③My cousin graduated from Beijing Normal University in 2008, since ________ he has worked as a teacher in a middle school.答案：①where　②there　③when一句多译艾丽斯站在窗户旁边，从那里她可以观看同学们踢足球。④Alice stood at the window, and ____________________________ her classmates playing football.⑤Alice stood at the window, ____________________________ her classmates playing football.答案：④from there she could watch　⑤from where she could watch2The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.(P34)翻译你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。not ... but ... “不是……而是……”，在句中连接两个表语。当连接两个并列主语时，谓语的单复数形式应同就近的主语保持一致。符合“就近一致”原则的连接词组还有：(1)not only ... but also ...  不但……，而且……(2)neither ... nor ... 既不……，也不……(3)either ... or ...  或者……，或者……[名师点津]　“not only ... but also ...”连接两个分句且not only位于句首时，前一分句用倒装结构，后一分句不用倒装。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练2单句写作①不是乘客而是司机应对这次事故负责。Not passengers but the driver ________________ for the accident.②老实说，有时候投票者感到恼怒不是因为他们讨厌投票，而是因为他们在情感和公平之间左右为难。To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, ______________， but because they are divided between emotion and fairness. ③我们不仅可以展出我们俱乐部的作品，而且还可以让一位这一领域的著名艺术家为我们制作一套有价值的剪纸。______________ our club's works be displayed, but we also will have a valuable set of paper­cuttings created by a famous artist of this field.④真正重要的不是你将给我们多少钱，而是你会出席这个仪式。Not how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony really ________.答案：①is to blame　②not because they hate voting　③Not only will　④matters定语从句综述及限制性定语从句定语从句基本概念　在主从复合句中作定语修饰名词或代词的句子，被称作定语从句。定语从句一般跟在先行词后面。①The exact year was 2008. Angela and her family spent the year together in China.→The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.Angela和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年确切来说是2008年。定语从句常用关系词关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词：when, where, why1．that/which关系代词指代物，在从句中充当主语或宾语，在介词后只能用which。②Maybe you have a habit. The habit is driving your family crazy.→Maybe you have a habit which/that is driving your family crazy.或许你有一个使你家人抓狂的习惯。2．that/who/whom 关系代词指代人，that/who在从句中充当主语或宾语；whom 在从句中充当宾语，在介词后只能使用whom。③Have you sent thankyou notes to your friends? You received gifts from them.→Have you sent thank­you notes to your friends from whom you received gifts?你给那些你从他们那儿收到礼物的朋友们寄送感谢便条了吗？3．whose 关系代词即可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语。④A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.来自国内市场的利润正在下降的公司可能向国外寻求机会。4．as关系代词引导限制性定语从句，先行词前有so, as, such, the same等词修饰，先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。⑤This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。5．when引导定语从句，在从句中充当时间状语，相当于“in/at/on which”。⑥I'm looking forward to the day. My daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her on the day.→I'm looking forward to the day on which/when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我一直期待着我女儿能读懂这本书并且知道我对她感情的那一天。6．where 引导定语从句，在从句中充当地点状语，相当于“介词＋which”。⑦Students should involve themselves in community activities. In the activities they can gain experience for growth.→Students should involve themselves in community activities in which/where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与到社区活动，从中他们能获得成长的经验。7．why 引导定语从句，在从句中充当原因状语，相当于for which。⑧This is the reason. I'm in favor of the plan for this reason.→This is the reason for which/why I'm in favor of the plan.这是我赞成这个计划的原因。8．当先行词为the way, 并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，可以用that，也可以用in which，还可以省略。⑨What surprised me was not what he said but the way (that/in which) he said it.令我吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．This is the little girl ________ parents were killed in the earthquake.答案：whose2．Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon________ school education depends.答案：which3．As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time________ he should be able to be independent.答案：when4．I was impressed by the way ________ which she did it.答案：in5．They have reached the point ________ they have to separate with each other.答案：whereⅡ.单句改错1．Do you know the professor whom is speaking at the meeting?________________________________________________答案：whom→that/who2．Where is the book which I bought it this morning?________________________________________________答案：去掉it3．You are the only one of the family whom has received education.________________________________________________答案：whom→that/who4．The reason which I didn't finish my homework was that I had a terrible headache.________________________________________________答案：which→why5．The first place where they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.________________________________________________答案：where→that基础达标演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．My parents had trouble adjusting to ________ (live) in an apartment.答案：living2．The doctor said that the patient had to be operated ________ at once, which made us all worried.答案：on3．It was ________ privilege to perform on the same stage with such a superstar.  答案：a4．The application WeChat provides a networking platform ________ communication is faster and easier.答案：where5．If this product does not give you complete satisfaction, please return it to the manufacturer, stating when it ________ (purchase)．答案：is purchased6．During the last three decades, the number of people ________ (participate) in physical fitness programmes has increased sharply.答案：participating7．After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, Chinese astronauts are ________ (die) to walk in space.答案：dying8．A local woman has given her nine­month baby a second life by ________ (donate) part of her liver on Sunday.答案：donating9．The typhoon swept the ________ (roof) of many houses, causing great damage to the local people.答案：roofs10．Not the way he did it ________ his words were criticized by the people present.答案：butⅡ.单句改错1．Yesterday there was a sports meeting in our school with hundreds of students participating.________________________________________________答案：participating后加in2．It is no need for us to wish for the things that don't belong to us.________________________________________________答案：It→There3．The little girl was finally found hidden behind the door, from there she could hear what her parents said.________________________________________________答案：there→where4．Being abroad for so many years, I always look forward to hear from my family.________________________________________________答案：hear→hearing5．According to today's news report, so far a large sum of money has donated to the disaster­stricken area to help the homeless people get through the hardship.________________________________________________答案：has后加beenⅢ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．两周前，一个偏远的村庄不幸遭遇了洪灾。(remote)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：A fortnight ago, a remote village was struck by floods unfortunately.2．据报道，很多人积极为困境中的人们捐款。(in need)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：It's reported that a great number of people donated money to the people who were in need.3．此外，还有些人为幸存者买了很多必需品。(purchase; necessity)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：In addition, others purchased necessities for the survivors.4．令我们非常高兴的是，很多志愿者也参与到了救援工作中。(participate in)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Much to our delight, a great many volunteers also participated in the rescue work.5．事实上，大家都渴望为他们做点什么。(be dying to)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Actually, everyone was dying to do something for them.6．在大家的共同努力下，这个村庄很快得到了重建。(rebuild)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：It was with the joint efforts that the village was rebuilt soon.B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：A fortnight ago, a remote village was struck by floods unfortunately. It's reported that a great number of people donated money to the people who were in need.  In addition, others purchased necessities for the survivors. Much to our delight, a great many volunteers also participated in the rescue work. Actually, everyone was dying to do something for them. It was with the joint efforts that the village was rebuilt soon.