被动语态（基础知识）

这是一份初中人教新目标 (Go for it) 版本册综合教学设计及反思，共2页。教案主要包含了概念引入，用法讲解等内容，欢迎下载使用。




【概念引入】


一、含有被动语态的名言欣赏


Life is measured by thught and actin, nt by time.


衡量生命的尺度是思想和行动，而不是时间长短。


Men are knwn by his cmpanins.


观其友而知其人。


Rme was nt built in a day.


罗马不是一天建成的。


A friend withut fault will never be fund.


没有缺点的朋友永不可得。


二、被动语态的概念


英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。


主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。


Many peple speak Chinese. 许多人说汉语。


谓语speak的动作是由主语many peple来执行的。


被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。


Chinese is spken by many peple. 汉语被许多人说。


主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。


【用法讲解】


一、被动语态结构【高清课堂：Passive Vice 与时态】


一般现在时：am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词


Yu are wanted n the phne. 有你的电话。


一般过去时：was / were +及物动词的过去分词


China was liberated in 1949. 1949年中国解放。


一般将来时：will / shall be +及物动词的过去分词


The prblem will be discussed tmrrw.


明天将对这个问题进行讨论。


现在完成时：have / has been +及物动词的过去分词


Nt a bk in the library has been taken away. 图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。


现在进行时：am / is / are being +及物动词的过去分词


My bike is being repaired. 我的自行车正在修理。


过去完成时：had been +及物动词的过去分词


The bk had been brrwed when I gt t the library.


我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。


二、主动语态与被动语态的转换


1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。


2）把谓语变为被动结构（be＋过去分词）


注意：根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。


3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。


All the peple laughed at him. 所有人都嘲笑他。


→He was laughed at by all peple.


They make the bikes in the factry. 他们在那家工厂制造自行车。


→ The bikes are made by them in the factry.


He cut dwn a tree. 他砍倒了一棵树。


→ A tree was cut dwn by him.


4）含有情态动词的被动语态


含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。


Little Tm can wrk ut this maths prblem easily. 小汤姆能容易地做出这道数学题。


→ This maths prblem can be easily wrk ut by little Tm.


They shuld d it at nce. 他们应该立刻做那件事。


→It shuld be dne at nce.


5) 含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态


主动语态的双宾语句式: 主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+其他


被动语态的双宾语句式: 间接宾语+be+过去分词+直接宾语+其他


或:直接宾语+be +过去分词+介词(fr / t)+间接宾语+其他


My father gave me a new bk n my birthday.


我的父亲在我生日那天给我一本新书。


→ I was given a new bk n my birthday (by my father).


→ A new bk was given t me n my birthday (by my father).


My father bught me a new cmputer yesterday.


我的父亲昨天给我买了一台新电脑。


→ I was bught a new cmputer yesterday (by my father).


→ A new cmputer was bught fr me yesterday (by my father)


6) 带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态


带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。


His teacher fund him a very gd pupil. 他的老师发现他是一个很好的学生。


→ He was fund a very gd pupil by his teacher.


7) 在主动句中, let, make, see, hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带t,但在被动句中,则要还原t。


Linda’s parents make her practice the pian every Sunday.


→Linda is made t practice the pian every Sunday.


8) 有些及物动词如have(有), reach, cst等, 以及有些联系动词如smell, taste, sund, feel等,不用于被动语态。


【误】 Five dllars is cst by this bk.


【正】 This bk csts five dllars. 这本书花费五美元。


【误】 The fd is tasted nice.


【正】 The fd tastes nice. 这种食物尝起来很好。