2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题四 习题讲评 课三(含解析)

 有提示词类必考点(三)——词性转换、比较等级及其他


技法一
形容词性物主代词、 形容词、冠词、介词或及物动词(短语)后要用名词
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
解析：pollution　decrease“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，pollute的名词形式是pollution。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
解析：scientist　第二句句意：我是一名研究动物的科学家，例如类人猿和猴子。冠词后用名词，此处表示科学家，故填scientist。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric­powered engines and lifts.
解析：introduction　空格前是定冠词the，空格后是of所有格，故此处用名词形式。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her (educate)．
解析：education　形容词性物主代词her 应该修饰名词， educate 的名词形式是education。
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract)．
解析：attraction　句意：但是对于像我这样的旅行者，熊猫是它(成都)最吸引人的东西。根据前面的its及形容词top“头等的；最重要的”可知，后面跟名词形式。attraction“有吸引力的事物”。
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve)．
解析：achievement　介词of后应用名词作宾语。此处achievement 表抽象意义，a sense of achievement意为“成就感”，故用单数形式。
7．(2019·湖北七市联考)Flowering in May, peonies’ large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and (rich) in traditional Chinese culture.
解析：richness　空前and一词决定其前后单词词性相同，and前prosperity(繁荣)是名词，所以空处应该也是名词，形容词rich的名词形式是richness。
8．(2018·武汉市武昌区调研)In fact, it must have a hard struggle to get its (free) from the cocoon.
解析：freedom　空处前面是形容词性物主代词its，形容词性物主代词后面要接名词，所以填名词freedom。
9．(2018·合肥市第一次教学质量检测)Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect biological system, and creative (combine) of nature and humanism.
解析：combination　由前面的形容词creative和后面的of可知，此处应用combine的名词形式。
10．(2018·江西五校第一次联考)The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human (healthy)．
解析：health　介词后跟名词、代词或动词­ing形式作宾语。human health意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。
技法二
表示两个(或两个以上)的可数名词，并列名词或谓语动词为复数形式时，名词需用复数形式
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause)．
解析：causes　此处表示：每天仅仅跑5－10 分钟就能降低所有原因导致的心脏病和早逝的风险。cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，且前面有all修饰，故填cause的复数形式。
2．(2018·浙江高考)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
解析：dishes　句意：我认识的人似乎很少渴望做饭或有时间做饭。做中国菜被认为是尤其麻烦。名词dish作“菜肴”解时是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故应填dish的复数形式。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
解析：effects　side effect表示“副作用”，为可数名词短语，前面有some修饰。因此用复数形式。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
解析：invitations　invitation表示“邀请”，是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。
5．(2017·6月浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
解析：carrots　carrot是可数名词，根据a handful of“一把，几个”可知，设空处应用复数形式，表示拔出了一把小胡萝卜。
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle­fed, the other is with mum — she never suspects.
解析：days　every few＋可数名词复数，意为“每隔……”。
7．(2018·福州期末)A hutong is an ancient city street typical in Beijing.Surrounding the Forbidden City, many were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing (dynasty)．
解析：dynasties　根据该句中的“Yuan, Ming and Qing”可知，该处指三个朝代，dynasty为可数名词，故该处用复数形式。
8．(2018·日照联考)Some other (museum) across the country, such as the National Museum of China, are inspired by the Palace Museum’s efforts and are working on similar projects of their own.
解析：museums　由空前的“Some other”可知，此处应用可数名词museum的复数形式。下文的“are inspired by ...”也提示此处用名词复数。
9．(2018·福州四校联考)I have noticed how the music can change one’s view, and am thankful for the way musicians work to the best of their (able) to provide this music for their audience.
解析：abilities　根据空格前的their可知，空处应用名词形式，且ability作“能力”讲时为可数名词，结合语境可知，应用其复数形式，故填abilities。to the best of one’s ability“竭尽全力”。
10．(2018·河北五个一名校联盟二模)The site is constantly updated with news, often about exciting (finding) that change how we view the world.
解析：findings　finding为可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且定语从句中谓语动词为“change”，为复数概念，所以应用复数形式。
11．(2018·广西桂林百色模拟)Third, the painting is highly detailed and features shops of all kinds and different economic (activity) in and out of the city.
解析：activities　activity“(为兴趣、娱乐或达到一定目的而进行的)活动”为可数名词，常用复数，根据空前的“different”可知，空格处用名词的复数形式。
12．(2019·陕西质量检测)Like many other (university) at that time, the Harvard at the early stage often ran into financial crisis.
解析：universities　句意：和当时的其他许多大学一样，早期的哈佛大学经常遭遇金融危机。university为可数名词，该处表示“其他许多大学”，故该处用复数形式。

技法三
表示比较的意义、有比较结构时或有比较级修饰词时要用比较级； 三者、三者以上或有修饰最高级的词时用最高级
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years (long) than non­runners.
解析：longer　根据空白处之后的than可知，此处用long的比较级longer。
2．(2018·浙江高考)There could be an even (high) cost on your health.
解析：higher　根据空白处前的even并结合语境可知，此处表示“更高的代价”，故需用high的比较级higher。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the (loud) of all.
解析：loudest　根据后面的of all和前面的定冠词the可知，他声音最大，所以用loud的最高级loudest。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of (great) and less importance.
解析：greater　句意：如果你因工作上的责任感到压抑，你应该后退一步，并且识别一下这些工作中哪些更重要，哪些不那么重要。根据句意以及and后little的比较级less可知，空格处应用形容词great的比较级greater。
5．(2018·东北三省四市二模)Uber said its flying vehicles would be much (quiet), cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.
解析：quieter　根据下文的than和less to operate, less pollution可知，此处用比较级。
6．I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was (convenient) than others.
解析：more convenient　根据该句中的“than”可知，空处用形容词的比较级。
7．(2018·湖北八校第一次联考)Whatever happens in China, the third (large) country in the world with 20 percent of the world’s population, will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all.
解析：largest　由空前的the third可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级修饰名词country。
8．(2019·河北唐山一次调研)Al’s adult son, Ernie, however, is one of the (kind) men I have ever known.
解析：kindest　句意：然而，Al已成年的儿子Ernie是我认识的最有爱心的人之一。根据I have ever known可推知设空处需用形容词最高级。
技法四
作定语修饰名词，作表语或补足语时常用形容词
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it’s always (energy).
解析：energetic　本句为主系表结构， 连系动词is后应接形容词作表语，故此处应该用形容词energetic作表语，意为“充满活力的”。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.
解析：global　此处和total 一起修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption 意为“全世界的化肥总消耗量”。
3．(2018·浙江高考)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
解析：affordable　根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次是可以负担得起的。本句为主系表结构， 故此处应该用形容词作表语， afford的形容词为affordable。
4．(2017·6月浙江高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a (shine) object.
解析：shiny/shining　根据空格后的object可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填shiny/shining，意为“闪闪发光的”。
5．(2018·南昌一模)The town is as beautiful as the (magic) bird.
解析：magical　句意：这个城镇和那只神奇的鸟一样美丽。根据空格后的名词“bird”可知，空格处修饰该名词，故用形容词形式。
6．(2018·日照联考)The museum’s online store now offers special cultural and (create) products.
解析：creative　此处应用形容词修饰空格后的名词。
7．Many of us wake up feeling (tire) in the morning.Many of us ignore the problem as the day goes on.
解析：tired　本句主语是Many of us，表示人，故用形容词tired作feeling的表语。
8．(2018·河北五个一名校联盟模拟)The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site (suit) for them as well.
解析：suitable　这里构成“find＋宾语＋宾补(形容词)”结构，所以用suit的形容词形式。
9．(2018·河南省豫北名校质量评估)Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for its (taste) beef, soup and noodles.
解析：tasty　分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作定语，修饰名词beef，故应填形容词tasty“美味的，可口的”。
10．(2018·成都第二次诊断)If you’re (adventure) and up for a challenge, the traditional oily spicy broth might be just the thing you’re after.
解析：adventurous　根据空前的you’re可知，此处应用形容词adventurous作表语。

技法五
修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词(短语)或整个句子需用副词
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
解析：actually　空格处应用副词修饰介词短语behind the change。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
解析：fairly　修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词形式。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)It is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
解析：certainly　设空处在句中作状语修饰形容词fun，因此用副词形式。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular)．
解析：regularly　此处修饰动词短语take short breaks，需用副词。
5．(2019·安徽名校模拟) (surprising), 10% of these chefs said that their favorite meal of their entire lives was at a fast food restaurant!
解析：Surprisingly　句意：令人惊讶的是，这些厨师中百分之十的人认为他们一生中最喜欢的美食是在快餐店吃的饭菜！空白处修饰整个句子，故用副词形式。
6．(2018·广州调研) (lucky) for you, there are more helpful microbes, working together to keep you healthy, than bad ones.
解析：Luckily　句意：对你来说幸运的是，比起有害的微生物，有更多的有益微生物共同努力让你保持健康。副词Luckily放在句首，修饰整个句子。
7．“If we leave it to market forces alone, the new antibiotics we most (urgent) need are not going to be developed in time，” she said.
解析：urgently　副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。故此处应用副词urgently修饰动词need。
8．If it is your first trip to China, we (sincere) suggest you should spend at least ten days visiting Beijing, Xi’an, Dunhuang, Urumqi and Kashi.
解析：sincerely　修饰动词suggest要用副词形式，所以填sincerely。


1．名词单复看限定
(1)不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式。
(2)有some, many, all, both, a number of, hundreds of 等词修饰时，名词用复数形式。
(3)名词前有one of/among 时，名词用复数形式。
(4)谓语动词是复数，名词作主语时，名词用复数。
If we are not aware of these differences, some unusual things might happen.
如果我们不知道这些差别，一些不同寻常的事情有可能发生。
2．名词判定看位置
(1)作主语或在及物动词宾语所有格或介词后作宾语，考虑用名词形式；
(2)在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(＋形容词)”后，考虑用名词形式。
I don’t understand Mr Brad’s decision, but I respect it.
我不理解布拉德先生的决定，但是我尊重他的决定。
3．形副区分看功能
(1)作定语、表语、宾语补足语或主语补足语时，多用形容词；
(2)修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词(短语)或整个句子时，多用副词。
(2018·惠州第二次调研)In a country in which 60 percent of the population has a smartphone, the game has been highly successful, partly because it is free to play.
在一个60%人口有手机的国家里，这款游戏已经非常成功，在一定程度上是由于它是免费的。
4．等级判定看标志
(1)直接型：题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇。
(2)间接型：要根据隐含的信息作出判断。
(3)“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
Mr Stevenson is great to work for — I really couldn’t ask for a better boss.
为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。
(4)“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数＋比较范围”表示“……中最……的……之一”。
As is known to us, New York is one of the biggest cities in America.
众所周知，纽约是美国最大的城市之一。
(5)“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……越……”。
It is believed that the harder you work, the better result you will get.
人们相信你工作越努力，就会得到越好的结果。

1．判定填名词后，不知名词是可数或不可数或知道名词是可数，但没注意单复数及拼写
①(2018·浙江温州联考)Computer game (design) often create interesting video games to tempt players to keep playing.
分析：根据句意可知此处表示“电子游戏的设计者”，同时根据谓语动词create可知，需用复数形式，故填designers。
②(2018·浙江湖州期末考试)How lucky we were even though my precious (equip) and documents were all burnt to the ground!
分析：my precious后面缺少名词，equip的名词形式equipment表示“装备，设备”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故填equipment。
2．可数名词单数变复数的变化规则记不牢
(请在横线上填写所给单词的正确形式)
①(2016·四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.
②(2018·银川一中二模)But without sunlight and good soil, soon the leaves began to fall down and the branches (branch) began to dry.
③(2018·唐山市一模)The 220­pound Qizai has become a superstar, and many toys (toy) in his color have been made.
④(2018·石家庄市一模)On the other hand, if the water is not hot enough, the tea leaves (leaf) won’t open up and you will miss the pleasantly fresh flavor.
⑤(2018·四川省龙泉市模拟)They may let you surf the Internet, listen to music and take photos (photo) wherever you are.
⑥(2018·潍坊市复习过关)In the US, for example, more than 14% of women (woman) between 18 and 34 plan to have just one child.
[名师指津]
名词变复数的规则
(1)词尾是­s, ­x, ­ch, ­sh时一般加­es。例如：
bus公共汽车→buses　　 　 fox狐狸→foxes
coach教练→coaches branch树枝→branches
bush灌木丛→bushes
注意：stomach(胃部)的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。
(2)词尾是辅音字母＋­y时，变y为ies；词尾是元音字母＋­y时，直接加­s。例如：
enemy敌人→enemies hobby业余爱好→hobbies
difficulty困难→difficulties toy玩具→toys
key钥匙→keys
(3)词尾是­f或­fe时，多将f或fe变为ves。例如：
shelf架子→shelves knife刀子→knives
leaf叶子→leaves　 housewife家庭主妇→housewives
(4)词尾是以辅音字母＋­o结尾，直接加­es；以元音字母加­o结尾，直接加­s。例如：
tomato番茄→tomatoes zoo动物园→zoos
注意：外来词piano与缩略词photo直接加­s。
(5)一些不规则变化的名词复数。例如：
child孩子→children man男人→men
woman女人→women tooth牙→teeth
foot脚；英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice
criterion标准→criteria medium传播媒介→media
phenomenon现象→phenomena
3．已判定填形容词或副词但是不知如何加前缀后缀，例如以字母­e结尾的形容词变副词是否去掉e再加­ly等
(请在横线上填写所给单词的正确形式)
①(2018·浙江宁波十校联考)So his mother, who was unwilling (will) to pay for his education, brought him home to look after the sheep.
②(2018·曲阜师范大学附中模拟)At that time, most Chinese people made their living on farms, so weather changes were extremely (extreme) important for them.
③(2018·成都市模拟)Sitting by the river, riding a bike, or singing the old songs, I truly (true) enjoyed what I was doing.
④(2018·青岛市模拟)If you can make full use of the books, you will probably (probable) become a good lawyer in the future.
⑤(2018·佛山市模拟)By his own talents and efforts, he has secured for his family a good social position and a relatively (relative) rich life.
[名师指津]
形容词变副词的规则
一般直接加­ly，“元e”去e加­ly (如true→truly)，“辅y”改y为i加­ly (如busy→busily)，“le”结尾把e改y (whole→wholly例外)，“ic”结尾加­ally (如basic→basically), “ll”结尾加­y(如full→fully)。



一、
单句对点练——练明考点
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ改编) (fortunate), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.
解析：Fortunately　根据句子结构和句意可知应用副词Fortunately修饰整个句子。
2．(2018·成都第二次诊断)When you do go for hot pot, you will often be asked to make a (choose) of broth in which you cook your raw ingredients (食材)．
解析：choice　根据空前的a和空后的of可知空白处应填名词的单数形式。
3．(2019·沈阳质量检测)China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “four great new (invent)” — high­speed rail, electronic payment, shared bicycle, and online shopping.
解析：inventions　前面有“four great new”修饰，故用该词对应的名词的复数形式，故填inventions。
4．The lava stone areas are (color) because the lava is rich in many kinds of minerals.
解析：colorful　空白处作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，故用形容词。colorful表示“色彩丰富的”。
5．They fly (steady) for hundreds of miles before they reach the warm lands of Africa.
解析：steadily　句意：在它们到达非洲温暖的地方之前，它们要平稳地飞行数百英里。此处修饰动词应用副词形式。
6．(2018·陕西检测)But not all the birds get there, for many of them die in the (storm) weather they meet with on the way.
解析：stormy　句意：但是并不是所有的鸟儿都会到达那儿，因为途中有许多鸟儿在遇到的暴风雨天气中死去。根据空前的the以及空后的weather可知，此处修饰名词weather应用形容词形式。
7．(2018·河北保定一模)Of the three major drinks of the world — tea, coffee and cocoa — tea is consumed by the (large) number of people.
解析：largest　此处是三者之间的比较，应用最高级。注意关键词the的提示。
8．(2018·安徽合肥二模)The handmade cloth shoes are more durable (耐用的), more comfortable and (soft), and absorb sweat better.
解析：softer　分析句子结构可知，durable, comfortable和soft是并列关系，前面两个用了比较级，故此处应用形容词soft的比较级形式softer。
9．(2018·合肥市第一次质量检测)It attracts visitors from all over China and other Asian countries such as Korea, and is (increase) popular among other international tourists.
解析：increasingly　此处应用副词修饰形容词popular, increasingly表示“越来越多地，日益增加地”。
10．(2018·赣州十四县市联考)She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and brought me into her world: a world of smiles, love and (warm)．
解析：warmth　根据空前的内容可知，空处与smiles和love构成并列关系，故此处用名词形式，故填warmth。

二、
原创语篇练——练熟技法
阅读下面短文，根据本部分语法内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。注意使用上面的技法。
You may like reading novels for fun.Of course, it is fun to read some 1 (interest) books.But you need to get organized if you are reading a novel for school.Here are a few 2 (tip)．
First, pay 3 (attend) to characters.What do they do in the novel? What do they want? Everything about a character can help us to understand him, from his 4 (appear) to the kind of food he eats.
Besides, the order of the story and the plot are 5 (equal) important.Make sure that as you read, you make a quick note of what happens in each chapter. This will help you bring the things you have noticed about the character, setting, language and so on together.And by retelling the story after you have read it, the help you will get is 6 (great) than you can imagine.
Next, themes.They are ideas that a novel explores.It is a must to get the hang of the theme if you want to 7 (full) appreciate the novel.Perhaps love is a major theme, or justice, or 8 (survive)．
Furthermore, 9 (novel) are made up of language.Writers use language in a special way to make their novels work.They may use metaphors, invent symbols, or show 10 (difference) characters’ personalities through their speech styles.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阅读小说时需要注意的几点建议：关注人物、故事情节、主题和语言风格等。
1．interesting　考查词性转换。此处作定语修饰名词。
2．tips　考查名词的单复数。a few后接名词的复数形式。
3．attention　考查词性转换。作动词的宾语，需用名词形式。
4．appearance　考查词性转换。his是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词作定语，故用appear的名词形式appearance。
5．equally　考查词性转换。副词作状语，可修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词(短语)或整个句子。本句空格处修饰形容词“important”。故填equally。
6．greater　考查比较级。由“than”可知，此处需用比较级。
7．fully　考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词“appreciate”，需用副词形式。
8．survival　考查词性转换。由上文“Perhaps love is a major theme, or justice”可知，or连接并列结构，此处应用名词形式，且不表示人，故填survival。
9．novels　考查名词单复数。由谓语的复数形式are可知，主语名词应该用复数形式。
10．different　考查词性转换。修饰中心名词“personalities”，故用形容词形式。

三、
仿真综合练——练通高考
A
(2018·昆明质量检测) In the closing ceremony of the Olympic Winter Games Pyeongchang 2018, China put on “See You in Beijing in 2022”， directed 1 Zhang Yimou.The show centered on the talents of a team of 24 roller­skating 2 (perform) from Beijing Sport University.Two of 3 (they) dressed as “Panda Captains” led the performance. The performance reviewed China’s ancient times, 4 (show) the country’s rich cultural heritage (遗产) and singing about the present, as well as the future that lies ahead. In addition to 5 (tradition) symbols including the Great Wall and lucky animals like the Chinese dragon and the Chinese phoenix, the performance also showed China’s recent engineering and technological achievements, such as its wide high­speed rail network 6 its space program.Towards the end of the performance, the Olympic rings 7 (rise) on the stage, as well as images of a global village, children’s smiling faces, olive (橄榄) branches and plum blossoms (梅花), 8 stood for China’s promise to promote global peace and build a better future for mankind.Finally, the skaters travelled a path on ice 9 (draw) the “Winter Dream” sign of the Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022.The performance 10 (success) sent Chinese people’s goodwill and invitations to the world for Beijing 2022.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在2018年韩国平昌冬季奥运会闭幕式上，中国“2022，相约北京”的主题表演诠释了中国文化，传达了“北京欢迎你”的愿望。
1．by　考查介词。“2022，相约北京”演出是由张艺谋导演的，此处表示被动，所以用介词by“被，由”。
2．performers　考查名词。空前的roller­skating作定语修饰空处的名词；再根据空前的a team of 24可知，空处应填表示人的复数名词，故填performers。
3．them　考查代词。根据空前介词of可知，空处应用they的宾格形式，故填them。
4．showing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词；根据语境可知，空处与下文的singing并列，故填showing。
5．traditional　考查形容词。根据空后的名词symbols可知，空前用形容词作定语，修饰symbols，故填traditional。
6．and　考查连词。根据语境可知，wide high­speed rail network和space program是并列关系，对前面的achievements进行解释说明，故填and。
7．rose　考查动词的时态。通读全篇可知，闭幕式发生在过去，所以空处应该用一般过去时，故填rose。
8．which　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，所以用关系代词which引导。
9．to draw/drawing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处作状语或定语：作状语时表示目的，故填to draw；也可以理解为作a path的后置定语，故也可填drawing。
10．successfully　考查副词。根据空前的The performance和空后的sent可知，空处应用副词作状语，修饰sent，故填successfully。
B
(2019·东北三省四市一模) The lion is a special animal to Chinese people.A pair of stone lions, a male and a female, are 1 (common) seen in front of the gates of Chinese traditional buildings.
The lion 2 (regard) as the king in the animal world so it represents power. The stone lions are also used to indicate the ranks of 3 (official)．
It is interesting to note that China had no lions originally.The earliest stone lions were sculpted 4 the beginning of the Eastern Han (25－220 AD) with 5 introduction of Buddhism into ancient China.In the Buddhist faith, the lion, 6 can protect the truth and keep off evils, is considered a holy animal of nobleness and dignity.In Chinese folk tales, the lion has become a symbol of 7 (brave), power and good luck.
It was also popular 8 (decorate) bridges with sculpted stone lions for the same reason.The 9 (well) known of all is the Lugou Bridge (also as Marco Polo Bridge), 10 (build) from 1189 to 1192.A famous proverb says, “The stone lions on the Lugou Bridge are countless.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的石狮子。石狮子是中国传统建筑中常见的一种装饰物。
1．commonly　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用commonly。
2．is regarded　考查动词的时态和语态。此处介绍的是一般情况，故用一般现在时；又因lion与regard之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
3．officials　考查名词复数。根据空前的ranks of可知，用可数名词official的复数形式。
4．at　考查介词。at the beginning of“在……的开始”，是固定搭配。
5．the　考查冠词。根据句中的of Buddhism可知此处是特指，应该用定冠词the。
6．which　考查非限制性定语从句。the lion是先行词，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语。
7．bravery　考查名词。根据空前的介词of和下文的“power and good luck”可知，此处用名词。
8．to decorate　考查非谓语动词。It is＋adj.＋to do sth.为固定用法，句中的It为形式主语，后面的不定式是真正的主语。
9．best　考查形容词最高级。根据常识，其中有石狮的最出名的桥是卢沟桥。此处为“the＋最高级＋in/of”结构，用于三个以上的人或物之间的比较。
10．built　考查非谓语动词。the Lugou Bridge与build之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，相当于非限制性定语从句which was built from 1189 to 1192。
C
(2018·太原二模) Improving your vocabulary can 1 (do) at any age and any level of education.Often people are encouraged to improve their vocabulary by taking a major test, 2 it can be done for fun as well.
One of the best ways 3 (expand) your vocabulary is to read more. Reading is 4 (clear) linked with a larger vocabulary, especially when you seek out books about topics that aren’t familiar to you.Non­fiction in a wide variety of 5 (field) can improve your vocabulary and general knowledge.Literacy (读写能力) in fiction is also highly beneficial.
Another way is to play word games.Games like Scrabble and Boggle will encourage your brain to play with words and letters, as well as learn new ones.If you play Scrabble with 6 open dictionary, you can encourage people to try out words they might otherwise be afraid of using.Most word games are interactive, so you can enjoy company while 7 (improve) your vocabulary.
Using the dictionary will improve your vocabulary as well.Create flash cards of 8 (familiar) words and practice them in the train, on the bus, or when you wake up in the morning.Of course, there are so many circumstances 9 you can learn them.Try to practice words in different environments so that you can really learn them.If you hear someone using a word you don’t recognize, 10 (look) it up!
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。词汇量匮乏一直是困扰英语学习者的一个大问题，本文就如何扩充词汇量向读者介绍了几种有趣且实用的方法。
1．be done　考查动词的语态。空处位于情态动词后面，且Improving your vocabulary和do之间是被动关系，故答案为be done。
2．but/yet　考查连词。通常人们通过重要的测试来激励自己扩充词汇量，但是学习词汇也可以很有趣。根据句意可知，前后句之间是转折关系，故答案为but/yet。
3．to expand　考查非谓语动词。“做某事的方法”可以用the way to do sth.来表示，故答案为to expand。
4．clearly　考查副词。此处修饰动词应用副词形式，故答案为clearly。
5．fields　考查名词单复数。a wide variety of意为“许多的，大量的”，修饰不可数名词或者可数名词复数，field作“领域”讲时是可数名词，故答案为fields。
6．an　考查冠词。此处表示拿着一本打开的词典玩游戏，dictionary为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且open的读音以元音音素开头，故答案为an。
7．improving　考查状语从句的省略。while improving your vocabulary相当于while you are improving your vocabulary, you are被省略了。故答案为improving。
8．unfamiliar　考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示制作一些识字卡，故答案为unfamiliar“不认识的，陌生的”。
9．where　考查定语从句。先行词是表示抽象意义的circumstances，所填关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为where。
10．look　考查祈使句。本句是主从复合句，If引导条件状语从句，主句部分是祈使句，故答案为look。