2019版高考英语一轮优化探究（话题部分）练习：话题12 选修7 Unit 2 Robots(含解析)

Ⅰ.阅读理解AI have two kids, a boy and a girl. I don't worry about my girl；I'm sure she'll be well trained in mixed martial arts. I worry about my son. I'm pretty sure he's going to be feminine (女性化的). Sorry to say that, but let's face it. No dad wants his son to go feminine.At the rate we're moving in a couple of years you won't be able to tell the difference between boys and girls. Sound extreme? Think about this. In every movie where advanced time­traveling beings come to our planet there's one constant: You can't tell the male aliens from the female aliens!But that's the future. Kids today are soft and fat. People ask why. Is it junk food? No. Junk food has been around for fifty years. Is it video games? No. Video games have been around for thirty years.None of the kids playing them back in the day were terribly obese.We're all scratching our heads trying to figure out what we've introduced to society to ruin our kids. But it's not anything we've added that has ruined our kids. It's stuff we've gotten rid of.Take the gym rope for example. Remember that thing that stretched from the floor to the ceiling in your gym class that you could never climb? Most of the kids couldn't make it to the top. But that wasn't the point; the point was you had to try while some middle­aged guys who couldn't make it up a flight of stairs shouted at you. We should have put our son on that rope, and given him a head start. But we didn't want to shame the boy, so we took it down.Taking down the rope would be a good idea if there were no ropes in life. But they're everywhere.  You just can't see them.They're in every goal unrealized and expectation not met. The point everyone missed about the rope is you weren't supposed to make it to the top. It was there to create a fire that burned in the oversized belly of every kid.[语篇解读]　本文为一篇议论文。作者分析了导致男孩子女性化的原因。1．What is the example of aliens used to show?A．Girls are growing like boys.B．Boys are going feminine.C．There are really time­traveling beings.D．Alien movies are popular with children.解析：推理判断题。第二段作者给出了电影中外星人的例子是为了证明本段的主题句。根据“you won't be able to tell the difference between boys and girls”再结合第一段最后一句可知，第二段作者给出外星人的例子的目的是说现在的男孩子女性化了，故答案为B项。答案：B2．What causes kids today to be soft and fat?A．Junk food.B．Video games.C．Stuff introduced to society.D．Things removed from society.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But it's not anything we've added that has ruined our kids.It's stuff we've gotten rid of.”可知答案为D项。答案：D3．How does the author find teenagers today?A．They have too much dignity.B．They are overprotected.C．They are less independent.D．They are thought too highly of.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知当今的孩子被过分地保护，故答案为B项。答案：B4．What does the rope probably symbolize?A．Goals.　　　　 B．Expectations.C．Competition. D．Assistance.解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第一、二段可知作者举例中的rope指的是生活中的竞争(competition)，故答案为C项。答案：CBBees play a vital role in the world. Unfortunately, bees are dying by the second.The main purpose of bees is to make honey. Honey，shockingly, does not exist for human consumption; it is essential to the insects. Honeybees store honey in their hives (蜂箱) in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period. They collect pollen (花粉) which supplies protein for young bees to grow.According  to  National  Honey  Board,  the  increased production and quality of agricultural crops as a result of honeybee pollination are valued at more than $14.6 billion per year. These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today, including apples, grapes, coffee, beans，and broccoli.So if they are so valuable to agriculture, why do they keep dying off? A key suspect seems to be pesticides (农药)．Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides result in the damage to their neurological (神经系统的) functions, specifically memory or behavior. And that's why the  majority  of worker bees disappear and leave behind a queen, plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees and the queen. There are several other causes of the decline of bees，including the destruction of natural habitats, like woodlands，forests, and other habitats for bees. Climate change is also a factor in the decline of the wild bee population.Actually, there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow. One way is to start your own organic garden by planting  bee­friendly  plants.  Pesticides  are  used  in  both industrial practices and even in your home, so it is best to find organic seeds and weed killers.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。蜜蜂在生物世界里起着重要的作用，但是由于农药的滥用等原因，蜜蜂正在大批死亡。本文给出了增加蜜蜂数量的方法和建议。5．Why do honeybees store honey in their hives?A．To provide enough honey for humans to consume.B．To draw protein out of honey for young bees.C．To help attract other insects and make hives stronger.D．To strengthen bee muscles and heat hives in winter.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句“Honeybees store honey in their hives(蜂箱)in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period.”可知，蜜蜂储藏蜂蜜是为了增强飞行肌肉的力量以及在冬天为蜂箱加热，故D项正确。答案：D6．Apples and beans are mentioned in the third paragraph to show that         .A．bees supply human beings with basic foodB．bees mainly live on these agricultural cropsC．bees are of great importance to fruits and vegetablesD．bees can bring in more money for farmers every year解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today，including apples，grapes，coffee，beans，and broccoli.”可知，该段提及苹果和豆类旨在说明蜜蜂对水果和蔬菜的重要作用，故C项正确。答案：C7．What is most likely to cause the worker bees to leave their hives behind?A．The lack of food.B．The abuse of pesticides.C．The fighting among bees.D．The destruction of the habitats.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“A key suspect seems to be pesticides(农药)．..And that's why the majority of worker bees disappear”可知，农药的滥用是最可能导致工蜂离开蜂箱的因素，故B项正确。答案：B8．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A．Another way to save bees.B．Other tips for choosing seeds.C．More methods to plant green organic fruits.D．Causes of the decline in the wild bee population.解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的第一、二句“Actually，there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow.One way is to start your own organic garden by planting bee­friendly plants.”可知，该段主要介绍了帮助蜜蜂增加数量的方法之一：种植对蜜蜂无害的植物。据此可以推断，下文将介绍其他的帮助增加蜜蜂数量的方法，故A项正确。答案：AⅡ.完形填空When I was young, like you，I had a dream.  But my dream wasn't like that of an   1   kid. It was to be the best tennis player   2   simply the best “female”  one in the world.  3  ， I had a family encouraging me to follow my dream. I learned how important it is to   4   a dream and to dream big. My fight began when I was three and I haven't taken a   5   since.But too often, most women are not supported or are   6   from choosing their path. I hope it could be changed. For me，it was a   7   of resilience (坚忍). What others marked as   8   about me — my race, my gender — I accepted as fuel for my success. I never let anything or anyone   9   me. I controlled my future.When it comes to equal pay, it frustrates me   10   I know first­hand that gender differences exist. I would   11  want my daughter to be paid less than my son for the same work. Women have to   12   many barriers to success. One is that we are constantly   13   we are not men. People call me one of the “world's greatest female athletes”. Why don't they say LeBron is one of the world's best male athletes? We should never let this go   14  . We should be judged by our achievements but not   15  .For everything I have achieved, I am   16   to have experienced the highs and lows that come   17   success. I hope my story will be a(n)   18   for women to fight for their dreams. We must   19   to dream big, and in doing so, we enable the next generation of women to be   20   in their pursuit.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者以自己的事为例呼吁全体女性勇敢追求成功，为争取性别平等而不懈努力。1．A.ambitious　　　　　 B．excellentC．average D．energetic解析：根据“It was to be the best tennis player”以及下文内容，尤其是“People call me...Why don't they say LeBron is one of the world's best male athletes？”可知，此处指作者说自己小时候的理想与普通孩子的是不同的，故选average“普通的，一般的”。ambitious“有野心的，有雄心的”；excellent“优秀的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。答案：C2．A.instead of  B．regardless ofC．other than D．more than解析：结合本文主旨以及下文中的“People call me one of the‘world's  greatest female athletes’．Why don't they say LeBron is one of the world's best male athletes？”可知，作者希望男女平等，所以作者在此强调的是自己的理想是做世界上最好的网球运动员，而不是最好的女网球运动员。instead of“而不是”；regardless of “不管，不顾”；other than“除了”；more than“多于，超出”。答案：A3．A.Hopefully  B．FortunatelyC．Obviously D．Generally解析：幸运的是(Fortunately)，作者有鼓励她追寻自己的梦想的家人。此处亦与下文中的“But too often，most women are not supported...”形成对比。hopefully“有希望地”；obviously“明显地”；generally“普遍地”。答案：B4．A.make up  B．set upC．care for D．push for解析：根据下文中的“My fight began when...”“fight for their dreams”可知，这里指作者知道了为梦想而努力是多么重要。push for “为……而努力，力争”。make up“编造，构成”；set up“设立，建立”；care for“照顾”。答案：D5．A.risk  B．leaveC．break D．chance解析：作者从三岁时就开始为理想奋斗，自此一直从未间断。break“暂停，中断”，符合语境。答案：C6．A.defended  B．excusedC．discouraged D．dismissed解析：但是通常，大多数女性不被支持，或者被阻止去选择自己的道路。discourage“阻止，阻挠”，符合语境。defend“保卫，保护”；excuse“同意免除”；dismiss“去除，摒除”。答案：C7．A.thought  B．questionC．moment D．bonus解析：作者希望这种境况可以改变，在作者看来，这是有关“坚忍”的问题(question)。thought“想法”；moment“时刻”；bonus“意外收获，奖金”。答案：B8．A.disadvantages  B．concernsC．qualifications D．personalities解析：根据下文中的“my race，my gender”“I accepted as fuel for my success”可知，此处指被别人列为作者的劣势(disadvantages)的东西，比如她的种族，她的性别，作者将它们视为追求成功的动力。concern“担忧”；qualification“资格”；personality“个性”。答案：A9．A.ignore  B．attackC．comfort D．limit解析：根据下文中的“I controlled my future.”可知，作者从不让任何事或任何人来限制自己，而是自己主宰自己的未来。limit“限制”，符合语境。答案：D10．A.although  B．becauseC．unless D．if解析：当谈起同工同酬问题时，作者感到懊恼，因为她自己亲身体验到性别差异的存在。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是因果关系，且前面是果，后面是因。故用because。答案：B11．A.ever  B．evenC．never D．just解析：根据语境可知，作者永远不希望看到干了同样的工作，女儿得到的报酬却比儿子的少。never“从不，绝不”。答案：C12．A.break down  B．take afterC．lay aside D．put away解析：为了获取成功，女性不得不打破许多障碍。break down“打破，消除”，符合语境。take after“追赶，跟踪”；lay aside“留存备用，把……放在一边”；put away“猛吃，积蓄，把……收起来”。答案：A13．A.informed  B．remindedC．assured D．criticized解析：其中一个障碍就是总有人提醒我们不是男性。remind“提醒，使想起”，符合语境。inform“通知，告知”；assure“使确信”；criticize“批判”。答案：B14．A.unchallenged  B．unpunishedC．uncompleted D．uncontrolled解析：根据语境可知，作者在此想表达的是女性不能对此置之不理，而要敢于质疑。unchallenged“不被怀疑的，完全接受的，没有异议的”，符合语境。unpunished“未受惩罚的”；uncompleted“未完成的”；uncontrolled“未受控制的，不加约束的”。答案：A15．A.appearance  B．positionC．background D．gender解析：对我们的评价应该依据我们的成就而不是我们的性别。gender“性别”，符合语境。appearance“外貌”；position“职位”；background“出身背景，学历”。答案：D16．A.superior  B．gratefulC．indifferent D．preferable解析：作者从心底里感谢已经经历过的伴随成功而来的起起伏伏。grateful“感激的，表示感谢的”，符合语境。superior“更好的，占优势的”；indifferent“不感兴趣，漠不关心”；preferable“更可取的，更合适的”。答案：B17．A.with  B．throughC．from     D．beyond解析：参见上题解析。with“和，随着”，符合语境。答案：A18．A.intention   B．inspirationC．solution      D．expectation解析：作者希望她的故事可以激励女性为她们的梦想而奋斗。inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)，使人产生动机的人(或事物)”，符合语境。intention“意图”；solution“解决方法”；expectation“期待”。答案：B19．A.pause         B．agreeC．promise      D．continue解析：女性必须继续心怀远大的理想，这样做的话，我们就能够给予下一代女性力量，使她们在追求成功的路上更加勇敢。下文中的“the next generation”是暗示。continue“继续”，符合语境。答案：D20．A.expert    B．enthusiasticC．brave      D．learned解析：参见上题解析。expert“内行的，经验丰富的”；enthusiastic“热情的”；brave“勇敢的”；learned“有学问的，博学的”。答案：CⅢ.短文改错How time flies! I have hardly had time to enjoy the warmth of my home while it's time go back to school. This winter I spend ten days studying maths, chemistry and physics, none of which was easily for me.And I still had some fun during the Spring Festival. I had attended my uncle's wedding and my new aunt was very beautiful. To my disappoint, I didn't get as many lucky money as I had expected. I also went to the cinema with several classmates.We played jokes on each other and had a big meal in a restaurant calling “Red Lobster”. The food there was very delicious and we all really enjoyed myself.答案：How time flies! I have hardly had time to enjoy the warmth of my home  it's time  go back to school. This winter I  ten days studying maths, chemistry and physics, none of which was  for me. I still had some fun during the Spring Festival. I attended my uncle's wedding and my new aunt was very beautiful. To my ， I didn't get as  lucky money as I had expected. I also went to the cinema with several classmates.We played jokes on each other and had a big meal in a restaurant  “Red Lobster”. The food there was very delicious and we all really enjoyed .