2019版高考英语一轮优化探究（话题部分）练习：话题2 选修7 Unit 4 Sharing(含解析)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

People love cellphones，which is why nine in ten Americans own one.But does heavy use of cellphones pose a risk of cancer? This question has caused controversy for many years.A new study in rats now augments those concerns.Its data linked long­term，intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain.The results have yet to be confirmed，the authors note.

Indeed，although the rat study found a link between cellphone radiation and cancer，it offers no clues to why such a link might exist，notes Jonathan Samet.He teaches preventative medicine and directs the Institute for Global Health at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.Still，he calls the new study's findings “significant”．They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer，he says.

Phone signals are relayed between cell towers and  cellphones via radio waves.This radio frequency—or RF— radiation is a type known as non­ionizing(非电离的)．Unlike X­rays，non­ionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules，producing ions. So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation，such as X­rays.But that does not mean radio waves might not cause harm.

In very large doses(量) this radiation will heat the body and cause tissue damage.But it's not yet known what much lower RF levels might do，such as those from cellphone use.Five years ago，the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer，or IARC，concluded that cellphone use  “is possibly carcinogenic (致癌的)”．

Its conclusion was based on what little research data was available at that time.But notice that IARC was not certain.It said only that phone use might “possibly” cause cancer.So scientists at the National Toxicology Program，or NTP，investigated further.

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。人们喜欢用手机，90%的美国人都有手机。那么，过度使用手机是否会有患癌的风险呢？一项新的研究给出了一些线索。

1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “augments”？

A．figures out　　　　 B．puts out

C．refers to D．adds to

解析：词义猜测题。画线词前面提到过度使用手机是否有患癌的风险这一问题多年来引发的争议不断，再根据画线词后的“concerns”和“Its data linked long­term，intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain.”可知，现在一项在老鼠身上进行的新研究增加了那些忧虑。故画线词与adds to意义相近。

答案：D

2．In which aspect does Jonathan Samet think the new study in rats is significant?

A．It assists him with his teaching.

B．It indicates a new research direction.

C．It warns people to mind cellphone safety.

D．It makes a breakthrough in cancer research.

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer，he says.”可知，这项研究会促使科学家去查明手机辐射可能是怎样致癌的，也就是说它为科学家提供了一个新的研究方向。

答案：B

3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．How phone signals are delivered.

B．How cellphones produce radiation.

C．Features of radiation from cellphones.

D．Differences between ionizing and non­ionizing radiation.

解析：段落大意题。根据第三段的内容尤其是“non­ionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules，producing ions. So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation...”可知，本段主要讲的是手机辐射的特点，它是非电离的，其危害性远低于电离辐射。

答案：C

4．What might be the theme of NTP scientists' further research?

A．Why cellphone use causes cancer.

B．Whether cellphone use really causes cancer.

C．What health effects cellphone use has.

D．How much exposure to cellphone radiation is safe.

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It said only that phone use  might ‘possibly’ cause cancer.So scientists at the National Toxicology Program，or NTP，investigated further.”可知，NTP的科学家进一步研究的主题可能是手机使用是否真的会导致癌症。

答案：B

B

Ambar presses her hand to her forehead as she considers the question on her screen: how many sevens in 91? The ten­year­old has been struggling with it for about a minute when she smiles，“13！” Her tutor responds by posting a large smiling cat picture on her screen—the virtual(虚拟的)  meaning of a pat on the back.He is sitting on the other side of the world in an online tutoring centre in India.

Ambar，who attends Pakeman Primary School in London，is one of nearly 4,000 primary school children in Britain that have signed up for weekly one­to­one maths sessions with tutors based in India and Sri Lanka.The lessons，provided by a company called Third Space Learning，are targeted at pupils struggling with maths—particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds.

From next year，the platform will become one of the first examples of artificial intelligence (AI)  software being used to monitor，and ideally improve teaching.Together with some British scientists，the company has analysed around 100,000 hours of audio and written data from its tutorials(辅导课)，with the goal of identifying what makes a good teacher and a successful lesson.

Tom Hooper，the company's CEO，said，“We've recorded every lesson that we've ever done.By using the data，we've been trying to introduce AI to improve the teaching.”But he argued that the aim is not to replace teachers with robots.“There's a slightly dubious(不确定的)  conversation about how AI will make humans irrelevant，but it's not at all about replacing humans，”he said.“Our whole belief is that for children not doing well in the subject，people are what matters.”

Pupils on the program have a 45­minute session with the same tutor each week.They communicate through a headset and a shared “whiteboard”．The lessons at Pakeman Primary School are tailored to the individual，including visual rewards linked to the child's interests.In addition to the raw audio data，each lesson has various success metrics attached：how many problems are completed，how useful the pupil finds the session，how the tutor rates it.

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。数学成绩不好怎么办？没关系。坐在家里，你就可以享受高科技公司Third Space Learning为你提供的一对一网上教学服务。

5．Why does the author mention Ambar in the beginning?

A．To praise her tutor.

B．To show her struggle with maths.

C．To introduce a company.

D．To encourage pupils to learn maths online.

解析：推理判断题。第一段提到了Ambar在网上接受一对一的数学教学，该网上家教中心位于世界的另一端——印度。由此引出下文介绍的一家公司Third Space Learning。故作者在文章一开始提到Ambar是为了引出这家公司。

答案：C

6．What do we know about Third Space Learning?

A．It makes good teachers and lessons.

B．It is aimed at students from poor backgrounds.

C．It is being used to monitor and improve teaching.

D．It provides online maths lessons for schoolchildren.

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“signed up for weekly one­to­one maths sessions with tutors based in India and Sri Lanka...are targeted at pupils struggling with maths”可知，Third Space Learning为小学生提供网上一对一的数学课程，故选D项。

答案：D

7．Which may Tom Hooper agree with?

A．AI makes humans irrelevant.

B．AI is beneficial to teaching.

C．Robots are smarter than humans.

D．Robots will replace humans.

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“By using the data，we've been trying to introduce AI to improve the teaching.”可知，Hooper认为AI对教学是有好处的，故选B项。

答案：B

8．What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．What is taught in the lesson?

B．How is the lesson taught?

C．Who learns the lesson?

D．Why is the lesson taught?

解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了这种课的教学模式。故选B项。

答案：B

Ⅱ.完形填空

Hello，Mr.Wi­Fi.Life without you is next to impossible now.We're happy to sing your name from morning till evening，sometimes till dawn.  1   I know you help me，sometimes you're making me do things with  2  attention.Many times I promise myself that I'll  3  my feelings towards you，but you're  4  me closer and closer...You've entered both my home and my  5  .You're just a window for our  6  and information.But we people aren't  7  only with the window.So we open all our  8  for you.Is this a(n)  9  or some kind of attachment? If this is an illness，is it curable？And if this is an attachment will you   10  me to the lifelong togetherness?

We want you 24/7.Can't you take a few days off so that both you and I can   11  ？You're a poison—not a slow one but a super  12  poison which holds our mind and makes us dance  13  its tune.Nowadays you're so  14  that anyone can buy and make you our  15  .You'll never be bothered about our health but we'll   16  be concerned about your “health”．Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone.

If you were a   17  person made of flesh and blood(血肉之躯) would we love you the same? You  18  us with your numerous talents and we even can't get rid of you.We're all your  19  .Sometimes I wonder how people in the previous generations   20  ，but if they did why can't we?

[语篇解读]　作者用诙谐的语气质问Wi­Fi，这呈现了现代人的一种通病，那就是对无线网络的依赖。

1．A.Now that　　　　　 B．Only if

C．Though D．When

解析：根据语境可知，虽然(Though)作者知道Wi­Fi帮助了自己，但是正是Wi­Fi的特殊作用让作者在做事情的时候会分心。

答案：C

2．A.praised  B．increased

C．focused D．divided

解析：参见上题解析。

答案：D

3．A.keep in  B．bring back

C．approve of D．give up

解析：根据语境可知，作者很多次都对自己承诺说要抑制(keep in)自己对Wi­Fi的情感。bring back“使回忆起，使想起”；approve of“同意，赞成”；give up“放弃”。

答案：A

4．A.drawing  B．pushing

C．forcing D．observing

解析：根据语境可知，此处形象生动地表现了作者不能抗拒Wi­Fi对自己的吸引。draw“吸引”符合语境。push“推，催促”；force“强迫，迫使”；observe“观察”。

答案：A

5．A.space  B．soul

C．society D．workplace

解析：Wi­Fi进入了作者的家和灵魂中。下文中的“holds our mind”是关键提示。

答案：B

6．A.entertainment  B．argument

C．expansion D．struggle

解析：Wi­Fi(本来)只是我们娱乐(entertainment)和获取信息的窗口。argument“争论”；expansion“扩张”；struggle“斗争，奋斗”。

答案：A

7．A.strict  B．satisfied

C．generous D．busy

解析：根据上文的“You're just a window for our...information.”以及“But”所表示的转折关系可知，此处表示人们并不满足于(satisfied)Wi­Fi仅仅是个“窗口(window)”。strict“严格的”；generous“慷慨的”；busy“繁忙的”。

答案：B

8．A.thoughts  B．eyes

C．exits D．doors

解析：此处表示人们将Wi­Fi的作用扩大化，不仅仅满足于其作为窗口的作用，而是将所有的“门(doors)”打开迎接Wi­Fi。某种程度上而言，door是window的“升级版”。

答案：D

9．A.disease  B．inspiration

C．routine D．phenomenon

解析：结合下文中的“an illness”可知，作者疑惑的是自己和其他人对Wi­Fi如此依赖的现象是否是一种病(disease)。inspiration“灵感”；routine“惯例”；phenomenon“现象”。

答案：A

10．A.recommend  B．instruct

C．commit D．adapt

解析：如果对Wi­Fi的情感是一种依赖的话，Wi­Fi能保证与作者一生都亲密无间吗？commit意为“保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等)，承诺”，符合语境。recommend“推荐”；instruct“教导”；adapt“适应”。

答案：C

11．A.persist  B．relax

C．progress D．balance

解析：Wi­Fi不能给自己放几天假以便它和作者都能放松(relax)一下吗？persist“坚持”；progress“行进”；balance“平衡”。

答案：B

12．A.raw  B．ambiguous

C．strong D．fast

解析：根据本句中的“not a slow one”可知，Wi­Fi并不是慢性毒药，而是快速起效的毒药，故用fast与slow形成对比。raw“不熟练的”；ambiguous“含糊不清的”；strong“强壮的”。

答案：D

13．A.to  B．against

C．from D．within

解析：Wi­Fi是一种能控制人们的思想并使人们随着它的音调起舞的毒药。to表示“随着”。

答案：A

14．A.affordable  B．valuable

C．conventional D．attractive

解析：根据下文中的“anyone can buy”可知，如今Wi­Fi的价格是如此低廉以至于任何人都能买到，并使其成为人们的伴侣。affordable“支付得起的，不算太贵的”；valuable“有价值的”；conventional“传统的”；attractive“有吸引力的”。

答案：A

15．A.addition  B．expert

C．companion D．instrument

解析：参见上题解析。下文中的“Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone.”亦是提示。addition“添加物”；expert“专家”；companion“伴侣，伙伴”；instrument“工具”。

答案：C

16．A.sometimes  B．always

C．never D．seldom

解析：毫无生命的Wi­Fi是决不会在意其用户的健康的，但是用户们会一直担心Wi­Fi的“健康”，此处用always与上文的“never”形成对比，强调人们对Wi­Fi的在意程度。

答案：B

17．A.selfish  B．dishonest

C．responsible D．real

解析：根据下文中的“person made of flesh and blood(血肉之躯)”可知，作者想知道如果Wi­Fi成为拥有血肉之躯的真实的人，人们是否会一样喜欢它。selfish“自私的”；dishonest“不诚实的”；responsible“负责任的”；real“真实的”。

答案：D

18．A.control  B．scold

C．comfort D．challenge

解析：根据上文作者介绍的人们对Wi­Fi的依赖及下文中的“we even can't get rid of you”可知，人们离开了Wi­Fi简直无法生活下去，而本句中的“with your numerous talents”正是Wi­Fi控制人们的方式。control “控制”；scold“责备”；comfort“安慰”；challenge“挑战”。

答案：A

19．A.friends  B．slaves

C．colleagues D．employers

解析：根据语境可知，Wi­Fi控制了人们，也就是说人们成了被其掌控的奴隶(slaves)。friend“朋友”；colleague“同事”；employer“雇主”。

答案：B

20．A.suffered  B．connected

C．survived D．surfed

解析：根据语境尤其是本句中的“in the previous generations”可知，作者非常疑惑的是在早期没有Wi­Fi的时候人们是如何存活(survived)下来的。suffer“受苦”；connect“联系”；surf“冲浪”。

答案：C

Ⅲ.短文改错

Boys and girls，

May I have your fully attention，please? I have announcement to make.To welcome our friends in the United States，the Student Union was going to hold a party on Saturday evening，February 20.As never，the party will be held in the lecture hall of the Main Building.They will begin at 7 pm. There will be music，dancing，singing or exchange of gifts.Will everyone please to bring along a small gift for this purpose？Remember to pack it up，sign your name and writing a few words of good wishes. Don't miss the party，where I believe we will have a lot of funs. Everyone is welcome.

That's all.Thank you.

答案：

Boys and girls，

May I have your  attention，please? I have announcement to make.To welcome our friendsthe United States，the Student Union  going to hold a party on Saturday evening，February 20.As ，the party will be held in the lecture hall of the Main Building.  will begin at 7 pm.There will be music，dancing，singing exchange of gifts.Will everyone please bring along a small gift for this purpose？Remember to pack it up，sign your name and a few words of good wishes.Don't miss the party，where I believe we will have a lot of .Everyone is welcome.

That's all.Thank you.