2019版高考英语一轮优化探究（话题部分）练习：话题6 必修5 Unit 5 First aid(含解析)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

All over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners.Other children may have manners that are not like yours.There are all kinds of manners.

Many years ago，children who had good manners were seen and not heard.They kept quite quiet if grown­ups were talking.Today，well­mannered children have more freedom.

Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia.Some friends ask you to eat with them.What kind of manners do they want you to have？They want you to give a loud “burp(打嗝)” after you finish eating.Burping would show that you like your food.In some countries，if you give a loud burp，you are told to say “Excuse me，please.”In many places people like to eat together.But in some parts of Polynesia，it is bad manners to be seen eating at all.People show good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat.What are manners like in an East African town? The people try not to see you.They are being polite.You may see a friend.He may not see you at all.If you are polite，you will sit down beside him.You will wait until he finishes what he is doing.Then he will talk to you.Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia.You should walk behind the other tents until you come to his tent.If you pass in front of the other tents，you will be asked into each one.The people will ask you to eat with them.And it is bad manners if you say no.

Manners are different all over the world.But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way.People need ways to show that they want to be friends.

[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了世界上一些地方的礼仪。

1．How did polite children behave?

A．By looking into adults' eyes while talking.

B．By keeping silent while adults were talking.

C．By slipping into the house without being heard.

D．By not opening their mouths until spoken to.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“They kept quite quiet if grown­ups were talking.”可知，过去，在大人们说话时，儿童保持沉默是一种礼貌的行为。

答案：B

2．Which custom should we follow in order to look well­mannered?

A．Saying “Excuse me” on burping in Mongolia.

B．Inviting guests to dinner together in Polynesia.

C．Talking with a friend before he completes things in East Africa.

D．Accepting an eating invitation in Arabia.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句“The people will ask you to eat with them.And it is bad manners if you say no.”可知，接受阿拉伯人一起吃饭的邀请是礼貌的行为。

答案：D

3．What can we infer from the text?

A．Hear much，speak little.

B．Love me，love my dog.

C．When in Rome do as the Romans do.

D．Do what you ought to and come what can.

解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段的第一句“Manners are different all over the world.”可推知，礼仪因地域而各有不同，因此最好的做法是入乡随俗。

答案：C

B

The Nobel Prize Winners in Literature

Rabindranath Tagore(1913)

Prize motivation: because of his deep sensitive，fresh and beautiful poetry，with perfect skills，he has made his poetic thought，expressed in his own English words，part of the literature of the West.

William Faulkner (1949)

Prize motivation: for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel.

Ernest Miller Hemingway(1954)

Prize motivation：for his mastery of the art of narrative，most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea.

John Steinbeck (1962)

Prize motivation: for his realistic and imaginative writings，combining sympathetic humour and keen social perception.

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill(1953)

Prize motivation：for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant speech skills in defending noble human values.

Claude Simon (1985)

Prize motivation: he in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the description of the human condition.

Mo Yan (2012)

Prize motivation：he，with dreamlike realism，combines folk tales，history and the contemporary.

Bob Dylan (2016)

Prize motivation：for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.

[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了几位诺贝尔文学奖获得者获奖的原因。

4．Which writer won Nobel Prize for his poetry?

A．William Faulkner.　 B．Bob Dylan.

C．Rabindranath Tagore. D．Claude Simon.

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“because of his deep sensitive，fresh and beautiful poetry”可知，Rabindranath Tagore因其杰出的诗作而获得了诺贝尔奖。

答案：C

5．Which writer won Nobel Prize for his specific work instead of his lifelong achievements?

A．Ernest Hemingway.  B．John Steinbeck.

C．William Faulkner. D．Winston Churchill.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“for his mastery of the art of narrative，most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea”可知，Ernest Miller Hemingway凭借《老人与海》这部小说获奖，并没有提到他是因为终生成就而获奖。

答案：A

6．Whose works will you turn to if you are interested in a song writing Nobel Prize winner?

A．Mo Yan's.

B．Bob Dylan's.

C．Claude Simon's.

D．Rabindranath Tagore's.

解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”可知，Bob Dylan的作品与美国民谣歌曲之间有密切的联系，结合题干可知，选B。

答案：B

7．Who described real life experience in his historic works?

A．John Steinbeck.

B．Mo Yan.

C．Ernest Hemingway.

D．Winston Churchill.

解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段的“for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant speech skills in defending noble human values”可知，Winston Churchill是因其精通历史和自传以及优秀的演讲技巧而获得了诺贝尔奖的，故选D。

答案：D

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

After Steve Jobs died，his friend Larry Ellison said something like this，“There will never be another Steve Jobs.”　1　Larry wrote this list of Steve's life lessons to remind us all.

Love what you do.

Surely Steve became a billionaire when he brought Apple back.Apple was his calling—even after he got fired from the company.We all have bad jobs at one point in our lives. But the question is: am I in the right job? Have I found the right company?  Life doesn't go on forever.　2　

Don't do it all by yourself.

Steve learned a great leader can't do it all by himself.He needs people.They must be talented.　3　They must be given the opportunity to succeed and fail.In short, you have to learn to be a great leader if you want to see your great ideas and hard work truly have an influence on the world.

　4

Apple is always the best at creating a new product that meets the exact needs of users.It's empathy (同情心) that helps Apple achieve this.Whenever the user has the first touch with a new Apple product，he says “Wow，it's just what I need.”Remember：you're King in the business world if you know exactly what consumers desire.

Don't mess around with your health.

　5　That's the most important lesson from Steve's life.It's great to learn from him now，but the fact is that he should still be here if he had treated his cancer properly.Instead, Steve chose a naturopathic (自然疗法的)  solution that wasn't effective.When he finally decided to take his doctor's original advice，it was too late.

A．They must be inspired.

B．Be the best in your field.

C．Take your health seriously.

D．Get on your right path now.

E．Will this lead to a successful career?

F．Put yourself in the other person's shoes.

G．What are the key things that we can learn from him?

[语篇解读]　史蒂夫·乔布斯去世了，他的朋友拉里·埃里森对乔布斯一生的经验和教训进行了总结，这势必会给我们带来很多启示。

1．解析：本段的目的是引出本文话题。根据下句(拉里写出了乔布斯一生的经验教训来提醒我们大家)可推知本题答案为G项。

答案：G

2．解析：本段的中心是：要热爱你所做的事情，这与D项相符。

答案：D

3．解析：考查上下文语境。设空处后的“They must...”暗示该空答案为A项。

答案：A

4．解析：本部分介绍了苹果公司在开发新产品时总是以满足用户需要为前提，这与F项Put yourself in the other person's shoes(要设身处地为对方着想)相符。

答案：F

5．解析：小标题中的health与C项中的health相对应，故答案为C项。

答案：C

Ⅲ.语法填空

Art improves our lives by directly and indirectly lifting the morals of individuals and 1.             (create) unity and social harmony.Art creates 2.             (aware) of social issues.Art may express and reflect the 3.             (religion)，political，and economical aspects of cultures.Art 4.             (be) and can be whatever a culture says it is，or whatever people want it to be.5.             involves all people，those 6.             come up with the idea of the work，perform it and provide necessary equipment and materials，and people who make up the audience for the work.Art usually appears in the forms of diverse architecture，body decoration，clothing manufacture，and 7.             (memory) sculptures.Art copies the natural world.It gives order to the world and strength to human life.Art is a 8.             (mean) of communication.It provides pleasurable experiences along with intellectual wealth.Art also helps us to express our sentimental relations.It can 9.             (beauty)，surprise，inspire，stimulate imagination，tell stories and record history.10.             someone once said，“Art is life.”

[语篇解读]　本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了艺术的定义和功能等。

1．解析：此空与lifting并列作介词by的宾语，故此空需用动名词形式。

答案：creating

2．解析：此空需用名词作creates的宾语，awareness为不可数名词。

答案：awareness

3．解析：根据设空处后的political和economical(均为形容词)可知设空处应为形容词，与political和economical一起作aspects的定语。

答案：religious

4．解析：主语art为第三人称单数，故设空处答案为is。

答案：is

5．解析：此处用代词it代替上文中的art。

答案：It

6．解析：“        come up with the idea of the work”为定语从句，先行词为those，关系词在定语从句中作主语，且指“人”，故用who引导。

答案：who

7．memorial　8.means

9．解析：根据设空处前的情态动词及后面的surprise可知设空处应为动词原形，故答案为beautify。

答案：beautify

10．解析：本题考查定语从句。先行词为后面一句话，关系词在定语从句中作宾语；又因为定语从句置于句首，故用关系代词as引导。

答案：As