人教版八年级上册英语知识点总结

这是一份人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级上册本册综合学案，共20页。学案主要包含了yesterday.，sth.等内容，欢迎下载使用。

人教版八年级上册知识点汇总与习题
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
短语归纳
go on vacation去度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山
go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营
quite a few相当多 study for为……而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间
taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴 of course当然 in the past在过去
feel like给……的感觉；感受 go shopping去购物 walk around四处走走 because of因为
one bowl of… 一碗…… the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明
go on继续 take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下
come up出来 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物 taste + adj. 尝起来……
look+adj. 看起来…… nothing…but+动词原形 除了……之外什么都没有
seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来…… arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地
decide to do sth.决定去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事
Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢？ so+adj.+that+从句 如此……以至于……
tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事
语法讲解
1. go on vacation 度假　 vacation相当于holiday，但vacation表示长的假期。
4. something interesting有趣的东西
1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。
somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。
somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。
2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后； something special; somewhere wonderful.
3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？
4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：
Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）
Why don’t you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）
If anything happens, please tell me. 如果有事情发生，请告诉我。
6. buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth 如： buy some books for me. = buy me some books.
7.提建议的句子： 8. ride bicycles 骑自行车
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
13. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 都是“到达“的意思
get to+地点=reach+地点= arrive at+地点（小）=arrive in+地点（大）
注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home等，则不需要加介词。
14.nothing...but...意为“除......之外； 只有”，如：
I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。
15. feel like 意为：“感受到；摸起来”，后跟宾语从句或名词。如：
I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。
另外，构成短语 feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I feel like eating.我想吃东西。
16. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…;乐意做…
enjoy oneself 过得愉快 =have fun/have a good time.
19. I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的
(n): 奇迹；令人惊讶的事情 如：No wonder! 难怪；不足为奇！
wonder
(v) 惊讶 如：wonder at sth. ; wonder to do sth.
感到疑惑；想知道 如：I wonder where they are going.
20. few与little 的区别：

肯定
否定
许多
可数
a few
Few
quite a few/not a few
不可数
a little
Little
quite a little/ not a little
如：There is little sugar in the bottle. Can you get some?
Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。
1）seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有：
seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： They seem to wait for you.. 他们似乎在等你。
seem（to be）+adj. 似乎...... 如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。
It seems that + 从句 似乎...... 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。
其他表示状态的系动词有：feel(觉得）; keep（保持）;stay（保持）;look（看来像...）;
smell（闻起来）sound（听起来……）taste（尝起来……）
2） bored (adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人；
boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。 如：
I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。
相类似的词语还有
interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprised
interesting/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising
22. decide（v）决定 decide to (not) do sth. = make a decision (not) to do sth.
decision(n) decide on doing sth. 决定做某事
如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
23. Because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.
1） because of + 名词/代词/名短 I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因
because +　从句 如：I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
2）below意为“在......下面;低于”，其反义词为 above，意为“在......上面；高于”
24.　 　形容词/副词＋enough 如：wet/quietly enough　足够漂亮
enough enough ＋名词　如：enough umbrellas 足够的雨伞
足够 (形/副)＋enough+ (名) to do sth. 　足够…去做…
如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。
同义句： She is too young to go to school. (too… to… :太… 而不能…)
She is so young that she can’t go to school.
如此…以致于（结果）
25. so+形/副+that 从句：She is so popular that everyone likes her.
such such+名短+ that 从句：She is such a popular girl that...
so that 从句：结果…（为了） 如：He gets up early so that he can catch the early bus.
26. 反身代词：myself/yourself/itself/herself/himself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves
如：The child (herself) usually wears the clothes (herself).
27．What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异多大啊！make a difference in…：对…有影响
感叹句的结构
1. What a/an + adj.+ n(单)+主+谓！或 What + adj. +n（复不）+主+谓！
2. How+ adj. +主+谓（联系动词）！或 How + adv+主+谓（实义动词）！
28. I just stayed at homemost of the time to read and relax.
Unit2 How often do you exercise?
短语归纳
help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次
hardly ever几乎从不 once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天
be free有空 go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞
play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少
have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early早点睡觉
play sports进行体育活动 be good for对……有好处 go camping去野营
not…at all一点儿也不…… in one’s free time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的
such as比如；诸如 old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医
morn than多于；超过 less than少于 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
How about…? ......怎么样？/ ……好不好？ want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事
How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ ……有多少……?
主语+find+that从句. ……发现…… spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光
It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。 ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
by doing sth. 通过做某事 What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？
the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式
语法讲解
1. exercise （v/n）的用法
1）（动）:锻炼. 如： He exercises every day.
2) (可数名词)：“...操;练习”. 如：do morning/ eye exercises; do math exercises
(不可数名词):“锻炼;运动”讲：如： We often do / take exercise on weekends.
2. ----How often do you usually go shopping? —Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候/一周两次.
1) go shopping 意为“去购物”。Go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如：
Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking
2)频率副词：always=all the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never
(1).sometimes: 有时候；sometime：某时；some times：许多次/倍; some time: 一段时间
hard
(2). hardly(adv): 几乎不 硬的；困难的；严厉的；勤奋的 a hard writer
努力地； 猛烈地 study/rain hard
3）how often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有：
频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never
how often 次数＋时间段: 如：once or twice a week
every ＋时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）
注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a month(一个月一次)
而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词＋times”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次)
4） 由how构成的疑问词组的用法
“多少”
how many+ 可数名词复数 如：how many programs
how much+不可数名词 如：how much coffee
但how much=what’s the price of..? 还有“多少钱”的意思 如：How much are those pants?
how many times: “多少次”. 其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice，three times等
How old...? 询问年龄 如：How old are you? I am five.
“how long…?”
(4) 多久(时间) 常用 for two days，for three hours等回答。
多长（某物的长度） 如：---How long is the river? --- 10 kms.
(5)how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in two hours，in three days等。
如：How soon wil he come back？ In an hour。
3. “空闲的”：Are you free tonight? 4. at least 至少 at most 最多
be free “自由的”： a free country freedom(n) 5. stay up 熬夜
“免费的”： work for free. 6. junk food 垃圾食品
full
5. “满的；饱的” …be full of… : The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。
“忙的”=busy He had a full life
6．She says it’s good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。
(1）be good for：“对……有好处”。 如：Doing exercise is good for our health.
（2）be good at：“擅长于……” 如：He is good at playing football.
(3) be good to sb./sth: “对……好” 如：The old woman is good to us.
(4) be good to do sth.: “适合；宜于” 如：The water is good to drink.
(5) be good with: “与……相处好” 如： The teacher is good with his students.
7．go online = use the Internet ：上网 8. Teenager magazine 青少年杂志
9. more than two hours=over two hours:超过 10. go to the dentist: 去看牙医
11. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康
12. ask sb. to do : 叫…做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
Ask sb. not to do sth.: 叫…不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.
ask sb. about sth. : 问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities.
ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求… 如：ask teacher for help
13. help sb. with sth. 如：They help me with this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。
help sb.（to）do. 如：They help you (to) solve this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。
14. (n) 惊讶: to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地
surprise be surprised at sth. 对… 感到意外
v) 使惊奇、意外： be surprised to do sth. 惊讶做某事
be surprised that + 从句
如：I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news.
15. fifteen percent of the students 百分之十五的学生 16. swing dance 摇摆舞
17. although(conj):“尽管；虽然”，表示转折关系，同义词有though, 不能与but同时使用。
如： Although they’re neighbors, they don’t play together.
= They’re neighbors, but they don’t play together. 尽管他们是邻居，但是他们不在一起玩。
18. maybe (adv): 也许，大概 (Maybe) he (maybe) knows it.
May + v(原)：也许，大概 He may know it.
如：Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home.
19. It’s good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows.
by: He learns English by singing English songs.
通过… 方式 He went home by bus.= He went home on the bus= He took the bus home.
through 通过… 方式+ 名词： The best way to relax is through exercise
（从…里面）穿过： Climb through the window.
注意： 横过（从一边到另一边） walk across the street.
例如
20. such as =like + 名短： 如： such as winning the game.
for example + 句子： 如：It’s healthy for the mind and the body.
21. Old habits die hard. 恶习难改. die(v):死亡；消失 death(n): 死亡；
dead(adj): 死的； dying(adj): 垂死的；临终的；（植）枯萎的 dying wish----遗言
21. You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.
spend
度过（时间） 如：spend the weekend with family
花费（时间、钱） 如：He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine.
同义句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine.
He paid 20 yuan for the magazine.
It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine.
The magazine cost him 20 yuan.
Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister
短语归纳
more outgoing更外向 as…as…与……一样…… the singing competition唱歌比赛
be similar to与……相像的/类似的 the same as和……相同；与……一致
be different from与……不同 care about关心；介意 be like a mirror像一面镜子
the most important最重要的 as long as只要；既然 bring out使显现；使表现出
get better grades取得更好的成绩 reach for伸手取 in fact事实上；实际上
make friends交朋友 the other其他的 touch one’s heart感动某人
be talented in music有音乐天赋 be good at擅长…… be good with善于与……相处
have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 be good at doing sth擅长做某事
make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事
as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与……一样…… It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事……的。
语法讲解
15. 形容词和副词的比较级
一、含义1. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: good – better - best
2. 比较级：表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。
3. 加more/most ~的情况：①.部分双音节和多音节词；②.-ed/ing结尾的词；③adj+ly→adv.
4. 双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。
big hot fat thin red wet sad
二．比较级基本句型：
↗连系动词+ adj.（比） 如： Lucy is slower than Lily.
1．主语+谓语动词+adj./adv（比）+ than+ 对比成分
↘实义动词+ adv./ （比） 如：Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.
2. 主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(→your hair)
同级比较
3． … as+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “如同…一样…”
否定：… not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as …: “不如……一样……”
4．比较级＋and＋比较级：越来越…… e.g. They talked more and more loudly.
5. The比较级…,the＋比较级…：越…就越… The more exercise you do, the stronger you’ll be.
6. “Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？” e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?
7. the+比较级+of the（ two ） : 两者中较…的一个
Of the twins, she was the more hard-working .
8. 常用the one代单数可数名词,the ones /those 代替复数名词,that 代替不可数名词.
e.g. The book here is newer than the one on the desk．
The apples on the tree are fresher than those/the ones in the box.
The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing.
9. 比较级前可用“数词+名词” 表示确定的度量。
e.g. I am (5 years) older than him．The room is (3 times) as large as that one.
注意： 1. 原级常与very, as，so, too, quite，pretty, really等连用。
2. 比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用.
3. Than 后的比较状语结构: e.g. He runs faster than me/ I (do).
16. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 然而，你能看得出丽莎真的想赢。
讲述： tell a story/lie/joke.
1). tell 告诉 ： tell sb. sth.(不能为it/them)= tell sth. to sb. ; tell sb. (not) to do sth.
辨别；识别：Can you tell the differences between the twins?
2).though意为“然而；但是”，表示转折关系， 常放于句尾，用逗号隔开，而however可位于句首、句中或句末，常用逗号隔开。 However，You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win
17. I think friends are like books--- you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.
我认为朋友就像书---你不需要很多，只要好 就行。
look like : 看起来像（外貌） She is pretty tall.
be like: 像（性格，外貌） He is outgoing/ serious.
18. My best friend helps to brings out the best in me. 我最好的朋友帮我激发出我最好的品质.
使显现；使表现出： The dress brings out the color of her skin.
bring out 生产；出版： The factory brings out a new kind of car.
bring out the best/worst in sb. 激发出某人最好/最差的品质.
19. I know she cares about me because she’s always there to listen (to me).
我知道她关心我，因为她随时都能够听我倾诉。
(n) 小心；谨慎 Take care! 当心/保重 Cross the road with care.
1). care :介意；在乎（=mind） I don’t care what happens.
(v) care about: 关心；在意 如：He doesn’t care about anything people say.
care for 关心；照顾 = take care of或look after
喜欢；想要（否或疑） 如：Would you care for a cup of coffee?
be there
2). for sb. 随叫随到；不离左右 如：Parents are always there for children.
to do sth. 随时准备帮助 如：She is there to work out the problem.
20. I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different. if: 是否； 如果
我真的不介意是否我的朋友与我一样还是不同。
21．They both like sports. 他们俩都喜欢运动。（both：两个都；用在实动之前，其它动词之后）
You are both too young. They both speak English.
Both of …..+名词复数 如： Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。
both…and… 两者都…… 反义词组：neither…nor…两者都不……
注意：all：都（三者或三者以上）; either:两者中任一个；every：每个（三者或三者以上）
22.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
一个真正的朋友（在你需要帮助的时候）向你伸出手，触动你的心弦。
reach
到达： reach /arrive at /get to the school
伸手去拿： reach ( out one’s hand) for sth.
与…取得联系：How can I reach you?
延伸：The forest reaches as far as the river. 森林延伸到河边。
(v) 接触；触摸：Don’t touch the paint! 请勿触油漆!
touch
触动；感动 I was touched/moved by his words. 我被他的话打动了。
(n)接触；联系: keep in /losetouch with sb. 与...保持失去联系
get in touch with sb. 与...取得联系
23. She made me laugh and feel better. ( laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑某人)
make/let /have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
make+宾语+形容词: 使某人/某事怎样 如： His words make us happy. 2).
24. It’s not easy for me to make friends. (make friends with sb. 与...交朋友)
It’s+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.: 某人做某事怎么样. (It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正主语)
25. The most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.
最重要的事情是学习新的东西和过的开心。
26. That’s why I like reading books and I study harder in class.
那是我喜欢读书和在班上更努力学习的原因。
Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater?
短语归纳
movie theater电影院 close to…离……近 clothes store服装店 in town在镇上
so far到目前为止 10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车10分钟的路程 talent show才艺表演
in common共同；共有 around the world世界各地；全世界 more and more……越来越……
and so on等等 all kinds of……各种各样的 be up to是……的职责；由……决定
make up编造（故事、谎言等） play a role in…在……方面发挥作用/有影响
for example例如 take…seriously认真对待 give sb. sth.给某人某物
come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到 watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事
play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色
one of+可数名词的复数 ……之一
语法讲解
形容词和副词的最高级
一、含义1. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: badly – worse - worst
2. 最高级：表示三者或三者以上(人或物)之间的比较。
二．最高级基本句型结构
↗ 系动词+ the+adj.(最) of + 同类 ( of all/us..)
1. 主语 + 谓语动词 + the + adj./adv.(最) +
↘ 实义动词+ (the)+ adv.(最） in + 范围 (in China...)
如：Tara is the youngest of all. Linda draws (the) most carefully in her class.
注：1. 副词的最高级前可省略 “the”： 如：sit (the) most comfortably 坐得最舒适
2. 最高级前有其它的限定词时，不加“the”： my best friend
2. Which / Who …+the + 最高级…, A, B or C ?
e.g. Which do you like (the) best, apples, pears or oranges?
3. one of +the +最高级（形）+名（复）： “最…之一”。
e.g. Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world.
4. the + 序数词+最高级（形）+名（单）：e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China.
5. This is the +最高级（形）+名（单）+ that 从句：
e.g. This is the worst movie that I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最糟糕的电影。
6. a+最高级（形）+名（单） : 表示“非常”。 e.g. Spring is a best season.
三．原级、比较级、最高级的相互转换
1、原级与比较级的转换：比较级+than → not...as/so...as...
e.g. He speaks more loudly than me. → I don’t speak as/so loudly as he/him.
2、比较级与最高级的转换：
the other +名（复）
（在范围之内） the+最高级 → 比较级+than+ any other+名（单）
e.g. Jim is the tallest student in our class.
Jim is taller than any other student in our class.
Jim is taller than the other students in our class.
Jim is taller than anyone else in our class.
但：Jim is taller than any student/ the students in your class.
21. That’s up to you to decide. 那由你决定。 be up to sb.( to decide.) 由某人决定
be up to (doing) sth. 胜任；适合 如：He isn’t up to watching the flowers.
What’up?= What’ wrong?= What’s the matter? 怎么哪？
what’s more: 另外；还有 what’s worse: 更糟糕的是
22．How do you like the neighbor hood so far? so far: 迄今为止；到现在为止
同义句：1. How is the neighborhood? 2. What do you think of the neighborhood?
3. How do you feel about the neighborhood?
23. Thanks for telling me. thanks(n):感谢 如：many thanks = Thank you very much.
thanks for (doing) sth. = thank sb. for (doing) sth. 感谢某人做某事
24．No problem. 1). 不客气；（回答感谢） 2）、没关系（回答道歉）3). 没问题（回答请求）
25．---How far is it from your home to the school? ---- 10 minutes by bus. 乘车十分钟的路程。
26．It’s always interesting to watch other people show their talents. 看其他人展示他们的才艺总是有趣的。
watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice(注意) + sb.
do sth. ( 经常或已发生)
doing sth. ( 某次或正在发生)
如：I often hear her sing. (经常) I saw her come into the classroom. (已发生)
I saw them playing basketball yesterday. ( 某次或正在发生)
27. 全世界： around the world = in the world = all over the world.
28. All these shows have one thing in common. 所有的这些节目都有一个共同之处。
常见的；普通的 如：common knowledge 常识; common people 老百姓
common
共同的；公共的 如： common habits.
have sth. in common (with sb.): （与某人）在某方面有共同之处。
In common with sb./sth : 与...一样：
29. The cinema is the closest to my home. 电影院离我家最近。
(v):关闭；封闭 close the door/road. closed(adj):关闭的；不公开的
close
(adj): 近的；接近的 He is close to success. 他快要成功了。
亲密的；密切的 my close friend 我亲密的朋友。
(adv): 接近；靠近 He sits close to the window. 他坐在窗户旁边。
30．When people watch the show, they usually play a role in deciding the winner.
当人们看节目的时候，他们通常扮演着决定获胜者的角色
role
play a role in ... 在...扮演角色/起作用 如：play an important role in the family
play a role of ... 扮演...角色 如：play a role of a reporter
play ‘s role well 扮演...角色演得好 如：play Mulan’s role well
31. The winner always gets a very good prize. 获胜者总能得到丰厚的奖励。
prizerize
获得一等奖 win the first prize
获得最佳演员奖 win the prize for the best actor
奖项颁给…. The prize goes to Jim.
32. Some think that the lives of the performers are made up.有些人认为表演者的身世是编造出来的。
make up
伪造；编造 I made up a story as I went along. 我现场编了一个故事。
（为）化妆；打扮 The performers are making themselves up.
组成；构成 Girls make up 45% of the students.
make up for : 弥补；补偿 如：You should do something to make up for your mistake.
33. One great thing about them is that they give people a way to make their dreams come true.
关于这类节目一个很好的事情是他们给人们提供了一个实现他们梦想的方式。
1） give sb. a way to do sth : 给某人提供一个做... 的方式。
2） come true: （梦想等）实现 Study hard, your dream will come true one day.
talent
34. be talented in: 在….有天赋 She is talented in music.
have a talent for (doing) sth. ：有….的天赋 He has a talent for painting.
poor
35. 贫穷的；可怜的 如: She is such a poor girl that she can’t buy a toy.
糟糕的；质量差的 如: I’m poor in English. He is in poor health.
Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?
短语归纳
think of认为 learn from从……获得；向……学习 find out查明；弄清楚
talk show谈话节目 game show游戏节目 soap opera肥皂剧 go on发生
watch a movie看电影 a pair of一双；一对 try one’s best尽某人最大努力
as famous as与……一样有名 have a discussion about就……讨论
o one day有一天 such as例如 dress up打扮；梳理 take sb.’s place代替；替换
do a good job干得好 something enjoyable令人愉快的东西 interesting information有趣的资料
one of……之一 look like看起来像 around the world全世界 a symbol of……的象征
let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某
happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 expect to do sth.盼望做某事 be ready to do sth.乐于做某事
How about doing…?做……怎么样？ try one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事
语法讲解
plan
5. (n)计划： make a plan to do sth.= plan to do sth. 制定计划做…
make a plan for sth. 为…制定计划 如: make a plan for your trip.
(v) 计划;打算：plan (to do) sth 如: plan (to have) a trip (planning; planned)
stand
6. 站立：stand up 代表: stand for sth. Our flag stands for our country.
容忍（否）: can’t stand (doing) sth. 如: I can’t stand telling lies.
7. --- What do you think of soap operas? --- I don’t mind them.
1). 认为；以为：如: What do you think of sitcoms.
think of
想起；记得：如: I can’t think of his name now.
考虑；关心：如: Lei Feng always thought of other people first.
想一想； 想象：如: Think of the past, you’ll feel happier.
think about: 考虑 如: He is thinking about going on vacation .
think highly/lightly of sb. /sth.: 对…评价甚高/ 轻视 ； 看重/看轻
如: Mr. Black thinks highly of his students.
think out: 想出（= come up with= think up ） 如: think out a plan
think over … : 仔细考虑….. 如: Let me think it over.
think twice : 慎重考虑； 三思而后行 如: You’d better think twice about going there alone
mind
2). (n) 头脑；想法；心思 如: Out of sight, out of mind 眼不见，心不烦
(v)注意；留心： 如: Mind your head! 当心别碰头！Mind your own business! 别管闲事
介意；反对（否，疑问，条状）如: Would you mind opening the window?
keep... in mind： 记住..。 make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定决心做…..
change one’s mind：改变想法 be of /in two minds：犹豫不决 out of one’s mind： 失去理智
to my mind：依我看 Would /Do you mind (doing) sth.? 你介意。。。吗？
never mind： 没关系（回答道歉: sorry）； 别担心（用于安慰对方: I broke the cup.）
8. I hope to find out what’s going on around the world.
hope
(n)希望：如: He never gave up his hope.
1. (v)希望： …hope to do sth. ; …hope +that从句.
I hope so. 我希望如此。 I hope not. 我不希望如此。
wish
2． 但愿（虚拟）： …wish +that从句. 如: I wish that I were a bird.
希望： …wish（sb.） to do sth. 如: Do you really wish me to go?
祝愿：wish +sb.+ adj./n. 如: wish you success; wish you a happy New Year.
find
找到；发现 如: I found a wallet lying on the ground. 我发现一只钱包掉在地上
3. 认为；发觉 如: I found it necessary to take exercise.
find out ：查明；弄清楚 如: You’d better find out who broke the window.
look for ：寻找 如: They looked for it everywhere, but they didn’t find it
go on
4. 发生(happen)：What’s going on here?
进展：How did you go on in your study? 你的学习进展得怎么样？
继续 同一件事：go on doing sth. = go on with sth. it will go on raining all day.
另一件事: go on to do sth. 如: Stop reading. Let’s go on to answer the question.
9．We had a discussion about TV shows. 我们讨论了电视节目。 discussion(n); discuss(v)
have a discussion
about sth. = discuss (about) sth. 讨论……
with sb. = discuss with sb. 与…… 讨论
10. I like to follow the story and see what happens next.
我喜欢跟着故事的发展看看接下来发生什么。
follow
跟随： 如： I followed her up the steps. 我跟着她上了楼梯
遵循；服从（命令；规则等） 如：Follow my advice.
沿着…前进： 如： Follow the road to the bridge.
理解；听清楚(sb) 如： You speak too fast for me to follow.
happen
2). 发生(go on)：What happened to you?= What’s wrong with you?
巧遇/偶然做...：I happened to be out when you called . 你给我打电话时我正好不在家。
11．You can expect to learn a lot/ much from sitcoms. 你能期望从情景喜剧中学到很多。
expect
1). 期望；盼望：expect sth/that+从句: I expect the result.
expect (sb. )to do sth. I expect (you) to win the game.
预料；认为：I expect that he will come soon.
I expect so: 我认为如此 I expect not.= I don’t expect so. 我不认为如此
learn… from ：从…中学到… ; learn from … ：向…学习
12. famous be famous for...: 因（技能；特色）出名 Edison was famous for his inventions
有名的；著名的 be famous as...: 因（身份；产地）出名 He is famous as a magacian.
appear
13. 出现；（演员）出场 : My friend didn’t appear until 6 o’clock.
（书刊等）出版 : His new book will appear next week.
似乎；好像（seem） He appears (to be) serious.
come out
14. 出来；花开；发芽 ： It’s wonderful to watch the stars come out at night.
(书刊、产品等）上市；发行：His new record（唱片）came out last week.
(秘密；真相）传出；大白： The truth will come out sooner or later.
15. He become very rich and successful.
1). rich: 有钱的；丰富的 He is rich in experience. 他经验丰富
2). success (n):成功----- succeed(v)取得成功----successful(adj)/ successfully(adv) 成功的
16. One of the main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to
face any danger. 主要原因之一是米老鼠就像一个普通人，他总是尽力面对任何危险。
1）reason: 理由 the reason for (doing) sth. It is his reason for being late.
try
2） 尽力做...: try to do sth. I try to solve the problem myself.我尽力自己解决问题
尝试做...: try doing sth. He tried opening the door, but he failed
have a try: 试一试 try on：试穿（衣、鞋等）try out：测试（机器）；试用（某人）
3) 无论哪个（肯）： You can ask me any question at any time.
any
任何一个/一些(条状) ：If you have any problem(s),please tell me.
若干；一些(否、疑问)：Are there any messages for me?
4) danger(n)--- dangerous(adj)危险的；in danger 处于危险中； out of danger 摆脱危险
17. luck （ n）(adj) lucky/unlucky 幸运的/不幸的 good luck 祝你好运（事前）
运气 (adv) luckily/unluckily 幸运地 /不幸地 bad luck 真倒霉 （事后）
18. 失去；丢失 lose the way
输掉(（比赛） lose the game ; lose to sb : 输给某人
19. be ready to do sth. 准备/乐于做... ; be ready for sth. 为...做准备
ready 愿意的；准备好的 get ready to do sth./ for sth. (为)准备（做...）
20. She dresses up like a boy and takes her father’s place to fight in the army.
(n) 女裙；礼服 她女扮男装，替父从军
dress
(vi) 穿衣 : She dresses casually. 她穿着随意。
vt) 给...穿衣: The little girl can dress herself.
dress up: 化妆;打扮 dress up as sb.化妆成某人 be /get dressed (in...)穿...衣
take one’s place = take the place of sb. : 代替；替换 take place : 发生(happen)
Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science
短语归纳
grow up成长；长大 every day每天 be sure about对……有把握 make sure确信；务必
send…to…把……送到…… be able to能 the meaning of……的意思
different kinds of不同种类的 write down写下；记下 have to do with关于；与..有关系 ta take up开始做；学着做 hardly ever几乎不；很少 too…to…太……而不能……
be going to+动词原形 打算做某事 practice doing练习做某事
keep on doing sth.不断地做某事 learn to do sth.学会做某事
finish doing sth.做完某事 promise to do sth.许诺去做某事
help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 remember to do sth.记住做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事
love to do sth.喜爱做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事
语法讲解
19. What do you want to be when you grow up?
grow
(vi) 生长；发育 Vegetables here grow well. He grows taller.
逐渐变得；渐渐 He grew old. He grew to like his job.
(vt) 种植 People grow rice in South China.
留长；蓄长(头发、胡须等 I’ve dicided to grow my hair.
grow up 长大；成长 grow into... 长成 He has grown into a young man
20. I’m going to keep on writing stories 我将继续写故事。
保持（状态）： 如： keep healthy. Keep the door open
keep
记（日记、账簿） 如： keep a diary
抚养（人）；饲养（动） 如： keep his family; keep a pet.
保留；留下 如： You can keep the book for two days.
持续 keep (sb.)doing sth. (不停)做… 如：They kept me talking.
keep on doing sth. (间歇后)做… 如：keep on trying
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做… keep up with 跟上；赶上
21. Just make sure you try your best.
主+be sure
to do sth. 一定会... 如：She is sure to pass the text.
sure
of /about sth. 对...有把握 如：I’m sure of the result.
that 从句 确信... 如：I’m sure that he will succeed.
确信的 Be sure to do sth. 一定要/务必 如：Be sure to come tomorrow.
有把握的 make sure of sth. 如：You should make sure of the time.
务必 确保；核实 that 从句 如：Make sure (that) anyone else knows the secrets
当然 for sure 确切地；肯定地 No one knows for sure what happens.
be sure of oneself 有自信 sure = certainly = of course 当然（回答请求）
22. I’m going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspapers.
邮寄；发送 如：send a letter/ message
send
打发；派遣（人） 如：send sb. to sp. ; send sb to do sth.
派（车等） 如: Will you send a car for him?
send up 发射；使上升 send away 开除；赶走； send for 派（人）去请
23. Sounds like a good plan. (=That sounds like a good plan.) 听起来像一个好计划。
sound
(n)声音 voice： 嗓音；说话声 noise：噪音
(v)听起来 sound+adj That sounds wonderful.(feel/smell/taste/look )
听起来像sound like sth. It sounds like a good idea.
24. Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos.
有些人也许会说他们将会开始一项业余爱好，比如绘画或摄影
take up
拿起 please take up your book and read.
开始做（兴趣） He took up (playing) golf when he was a child.
占用（时、空） The desk takes up too much room. I’m sorry to take up your time.
25. The start of the year is often a time for making resolutions. 新的一年的开始常常是下决心的时候。
26. For this reason, some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions. 因为这个原因
朝/向；给 如：I’m leaving for London soon. Here are some flowers for you
为了... 如： For further information, please call me.
在...期间(时) 如： I’m going to stay there for three day.
for
适于... 如： Scary movies are not for children.
对...来说 如： It’s necessary for him to be more creative.
以为…交换/代价 如： You can buy the shoes for 20 yuan.
因为 如：Thank you for helping me. I had to stop, for I was feeling quite hungry.
支持 如：Are you for or against （反对） the plan?
27. Some resolutions have to do with better planning, like making a weekly plan for schoolwork.
有些决心是与更好地计划有关，比如为学习做周计划。
week/weekly
have to do with... 与...有关 (adj)每周（一次）的 a weekly newspaper
have nothing to do with...与...无关 (adv) 每周（一次）= every week
day---daily每周（的）; month---monthly每月（的） ; year---yearly 每年（的）
28．Most of the time, we make promises to other people. 大部分时候，我们向别人做出承诺。
promise
(n)承诺；诺言 make promises （to sb.）to do sth. 许下承诺...
promise (sb.) to do sth. I promise (you) not to tell anyone.
(v)承诺 promise that从句 He promised (that) he would help me.
保证 promise sb.sth.=promise sth. to sb. I can’t promise you anything.
I promise myself to travel around the world one day.
keep a promise :遵守承诺 break a promise 违背承诺
29. The first resolution is about my own personal improvement. 第一个决心与自我提高有关。
own
1) (v) 拥有 ： He owned his own study. 他拥有自己的书房。
(adj)自己的 ： I saw the accident with my own eyes. 我亲眼看到的这起事故。
owner: 所有者；拥有者 the owner of the house on one’s own: 单独；独自 (=alone)
2). improve(v):(使）好转；改善 I expect to improve my English. improvement (n) 改进；改善
improve on sth. 对…做出改进： He improved on his plan.
30. To question the idea of making resolutions. 对下决心这种想法提出质疑
question
(n)问题；疑问 the answer to the question in question 在讨论中 out of question 毫无疑问
(v) 提问；盘问；询问 She was questioned about the fire. 她被询问有关火灾的事情。
怀疑;对...表示疑问: No one has ever questioned his honesty. 没有人怀疑他的忠诚。
Unit 7 Will people have robots?
短语归纳
on computer在电脑上 on paper在纸上 live to do 200 years old活动200岁
free time空闲时间 in danger处于危险之中 on the earth在地球上
play a part in sth.参与某事 space station太空站 look for寻找
computer programmer电脑编程员 in the future在未来 hundreds of许多；成百上千
the same…as…与……一样 over and over again多次；反复地 get bored感到厌烦的
wake up醒来 fall down倒塌 will+动词原形 将要做……
fewer/more+可数名词复数 更少/更多…… less/more+不可数名词 更少/更多……
have to do sth.不得不做某事 agree with sb.同意某人的意见
such+名词（词组） 如此…… play a part in doing sth. 参与做某事
There will be + 主语+其他 将会有……
There is/are +sb./sth.+doing sth.有……正在做某事
make sb. do sth. help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事
It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事……的。
语法讲解
21. Books will only be on computers, not on paper. 书将只在电脑里， 而不是在纸上。
paper
(u.n)纸： a piece of paper 一张纸
The paper is too small. Could you give me a big piece ？
(c.n)试卷；论文；报纸： The students are busy doing their papers.
22. There will be more pollution. 将会有更多的污染。
1). There will be + n = There is/are going to be + n 将会有… (不能have与连用)
There is going to be a football match this Friday.
2). pollution(u.n): 污染；公害 pollute(v)：污染；弄脏 polluted(adj)：受污染的
23. Everyone should play a part in saving the earth. 每个人应该参与挽救地球。
part
部分；参加；零件；器官 some parts of the machine；every part of the body.
参加；参与 = take part in …
play a part in (doing) sth. 在…起作用/有影响 = play a role in…
24. I’ll fly rockets to the moon.= I’ll go to the moon by rocket. 我将乘火箭去月球。
(n)苍蝇

fly
(鸟、飞机等)飞 I want to fly up into the sky.
(v) 使(飞机等)飞行；驾驶 I’ll fly (the spaceship) to other planets.
(旗帜、头发等)飘扬 The flag is flying in the wind.
(时间)飞逝 Time flies when I’m reading a book.
25. Today there are already robots working in factories. 现在已经有机器人在工厂里工作了。
There be sb. doing sth. 有某人正在做… There is a bird singing in the tree.
26.They agree it may take hundreds of years. 他们同意这可能花费几百年的时间。
It takes + 时间 + (for sb.) to do sth. 某人花费时间区做某事。
It took me half an hour to finish my homework.
agree to do sth. We agree to meet up later and talk things over(认真商量)
agree
agree to sth Is she going to agree to our idea?
agree with sb./opinion（观点）/what he said.
同意；应允 sb. agree on sth. 某人（达成协议的双方）就…达成协议.
Do you agree with me about/on the plan?
hundreds/thousands/millions of sth.; two… hundred/ thousand/million sth.
27. Some scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future.
believe
1). (n) belief 信念；信仰
believe sb. 相信某人的话。
2). believe in sth. 信仰；信赖；相信(…的存在) Do you believe in God?
3). believe it or not. 信不信由你；I believe so. 我这样认为；I believe not. 我不这样认为
28. Which side do you agree with? 你同意哪一方的观点？
side: 一方； 一边； 一面；一侧等 change sides 改变立场、观点； side by side 肩并肩
from side to side 左右地； put sth to one side 把… 搁在一边
29. These new robots will have many different shapes. 这些新的机器人将会有许多不同的形状。
in shape
形状；外形 the shape of the leaf
shape
在形状上： The buildings are similar in shape.
健康的：He exercises every day to keep in shape.
out of shape
不成形的：His old coat is out of shape.
身体状况不佳的：He is out of shape these days.
30. If buildings fall down with people inside, these snake robots can help look for people
under the building. 如果楼房倒塌而里面还有人，蛇形机器人就能帮助寻找人。
fall
(n)秋天（美）= autumn Leaves turn red in the fall.
（物）落下；掉落 The rain began to fall again.
(v) （价格、温度、声音等）下降 The temperature fell to below 00C.
变为（状态） fall asleep ; fall ill
词组：fall down: 跌倒; (物) 倒塌 fall off ：从...上落下；（物）脱落
fall into： 掉入；落入 fall over：被...绊倒 He fell over a stone.
fall behind: 落后 fall in love with...: 爱上...
31.I think I’ll take a holiday in Hong Kong when possible.我想如果可能的话我会去香港度假。
take a holiday: 去度假 ; when possible = if possible: 如果可能的话
一般将来时
1. 含义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.
1). In the future, there will be less fresh water.
2). They’re going to buy some food right away.
2. 常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有:
in the future, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next (month), at once(立刻;马上), soon,
right away(立刻;马上), right now(现在;马上), sooner or later(迟早), later，in + 一段时间等
3. 结构: 1) will +动词原形 （第一人称用shall） 2) be going to +动词原形
1). 否定： 一加二改 ： 一加（助动词 + not ）; 二改 （some 改为 any ）
1). He will visit you tomorrow. --- He won’t visit you tomorrow.
2). ---- They aren’t going to buy any food.
2). 一般疑问：一提二改三升调：把（will / be）提 到句首；把some改为any、句号改为问好；
1). Will he visit you tomorrow? ------ Yes, he will. / No, he won’t.
2). Are they going to buy any food? ------ Yes , they are. / No, they aren’t.
4. 注意：
1). 在口语中， will常缩写为’ll， will not常缩写为won’t.
2). 在疑问句中， 主语为第一人称（I 和we）时，常用助动词shall：
Shall we meet at the school gate tomorrow？
3). be going to 也可以表示将要发生的动作或安排，含有“计划，准备”的意思。更强调
主观： I’m going to take a trip this weekend；
而will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情: He will be twenty years old next month.
从不严格的语法角度而言 ，be going to与 will二者可以.
4). There be 句型的一般将来时结构为：
There is/are going to be + n... ; There will be + n...: 将会有... (不能与have连用)
5). come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将来：
He is arriving at 8 o’clock tomorrow.
6). 在条件、时间状语从句中，一般是主将从现。
If(如果) it is fine tomorrow, I’m going on a trip.
Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?
短语归纳
milk shake奶昔 turn on接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 pour…into…把……倒入……
a cup of yogurt一杯酸奶 a good idea好主意 on Saturday在星期六 cut up切碎
put…into…把……放入…… one more thing还有一件事 a piece of一片/张/段/首……
at this time在这时 a few一些；几个 fill… with…用……把……装满
cover…with…用……覆盖…… one by one一个接一个；逐个；依次 a long time很长时间
how many+可数名词复数 多少…… how much+不可数名词 多少……
It’s time (for sb.)+to do sth. 到（某人）做某事的时间了
First…Next…Then…Finally 首先……接下来……然后…….最后……
want + to do sth.想要做某事 forget+to do sth.忘记去做某事 how + to do sth.如何做某事
need+to do sth.需要做某事 make+宾语+形容词 使……怎样 let sb. +do sth.让某人做某事
语法讲解
23. How do you make a banana milk shake? 你怎样制作一份香蕉奶昔?
shake/
shook
(n)摇动；抖动： Give the bottle a good shake. 好好地摇一下瓶子。
(v) （使）摇动/颤抖：Shake the bottle before drinking.
抖落: He shook the snow off his coat at the door.
shake hands 握手 shake one’s head 摇头 for a shake 一瞬间
24. Turn on the blender. 打开搅拌器。
turn on：打开（电、煤气、水等） Will you please turn on the light? It’s too dark.
turn off: 关掉（电、煤气、水等） Please turn the light off when you leave the building.
turn up: 调高（音量等） I can’t hear clearly, please turn up the radio.
出现 If he doesn’t turn up in ten minutes, we’ll have to go.
turn down: 调低（音量等）：Please turn down the TV when I’m talking on the phone.
拒绝 She turned down his invitation.
25. cut up the bananas. 把香蕉切碎。cut：(n)切口；伤口；(v) 切，割，剪，砍，削等
cut… into… ：把…切成… cut the turkey into pieces.
cut off： 切断；中断 He almost cut off his finger while working.
cut up 切碎；剁碎 cut the onion up in small pieces.
伤害；折磨： He was cut up badly when he fell off his bike.
cut down：砍倒；削减 They cut down the old trees in order to build a new factory.
26. A: How much yogurt do we need? B: We need one cup of yogurt.
1). how many: 多少 + 可数名词： how many watermelons do you need?
how much 多少 + 不可数名词： How much cheese/sugar do we need?
多少钱= What’d the price of…? How much is the butter?
2). (n) : There’s no need for you to hurry. 你没有必要慌张。
need
Sb. need sth. She needs help.
(v实) Sb. need to do sth. You need to get it back tomorrow.
Sth. need doing = sth. need to be done. The bike needs repairing.
Need:需要 (v情: ) 用于否定和疑问: You needn’t tell me. 你没有必要告诉我。
Need I go there? Yes, you must./have to. No, you needn’t.
in need of…: 需要… at need: 在紧急时
27. These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks /by having a big meal at home with their family.
现在，大部分的美国人仍然通过和家人在家里共进丰盛的一餐来庆祝这个感恩的节日。The idea of (doing) sth: 目的；意图 He is saving money with the idea of buying a car.
28. At this time, people also remember the first travelers from England/ who came to live in America about 400 years ago. 这一天，人们仍然想起大约400年前来美国居住的第一批流浪者。
29. Next，fill the turkey with this bread mix. 接下来，把这个面包混合物填充到火鸡里。
fill
使充满；装满: fill A with B = A be filled with B = A be full of B
1). Fill the bottle with water. = The bottle is filled with / is full of water.
占据，胜任(职位；工作) : She is the best person to fill this kind of job.
(n)混合物(=mixture)；食品混合干配料 a cake mix
mix
使掺和；使混合： She mixes the flour and milk together.
2). （v） mix…with…: 把…与…调在一起 He mixed red paint with yellow paint.
mix… into…: 把…掺在…里面 She mixed some salt into the soup.
调制： mix salad 拌色拉
30. When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.
当一切就绪后，将火鸡放在一个大盘子里，再用调味汁将它覆盖。
cover
(n) 盖子；封面；罩： The book has a blue cover.
覆盖；遮盖： cover … with… = …be covered with…
(v) She covered the table with a cloth. = The table was covered with a cloth.
掩饰；隐瞒 Jim tried to cover his mistake with a joke.
31. Finally, serve it to your friends with some vegetables. 最后与其它食物一起端出来供朋友使用。
为…服务/工作/效力： serve people.
serve
接待；服侍（顾客）：Are you being served? 你点过菜了吗？/有人接待你吗？
端出（食物）；伺候…进餐：serve the fish to the guests.
32. Now, it’s time to enjoy the rice noodles! 现在，到了享用米粉的时候了。
It’s time
for sth. : It’s time for supper.
to do sth. It’s time to have supper
是…的时候了 for sb. to do sth. It’s time for you to get up.
可数名词与不可数名词
一．初中常见的不可数名词有：
wood ice ice cream wool metal glass hair dust air water milk wine beer bread sugar rice meat cheese weather sunshine experience traffic homework advice housework information peace trouble anger food fish grass tea drink coffee fruit snow education knowledge time music coke paper orange chicken hair exercise friendship pollution work room news salad popcorn corn salt pepper gravy honey soup porridge sunshine light money rain wind Chinese Japanese English beef pork oil juice
二．1．既可修饰可数名词也可修饰：all, some, most, a lot of, lots of, plenty of …
2．修饰可数名词的词有：数词（one...）, few, a few, many, a number of, numbers of...
3. 修饰不可数名词的词有：little, a little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, a large amount of
4. 不可数名词通常用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”表示复数： three pieces of paper
祈使句
一． 定义：祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。
二．结构：
1. 肯定的祈使句：动词原形+其他 Stand up, please. Be careful!
2．否定的祈使句: 1). Don't + 动词原形 Don’t laugh at others.
2). Never do sth. Never do that again!
3). No + v-ing/n. No smoking! No noise, please.
4). Let’s not do sth. Let’s not waste time.
5). Don’t let sb. do sth. Don’t let them make any noise.
Unit 9 Can you come to my party?
短语归纳
on Saturday afternoon在周六下午 prepare for为……做准备 go to the doctor去看医生
have the flu患感冒 help my parents帮助我的父母 come to the party来参加聚会
another time其他时间 last fall去年秋天 go to the party去聚会
hang out常去某处；泡在某处 the day after tomorrow后天 the day before yesterday前天
have a piano lesson上钢琴课 look after照看；照顾 accept an invitaton接受邀请
turn down an invitation拒绝邀请 take a trip去旅行 at the end of this month这个月末
look forward to盼望；期待 the opening of… ……的开幕式/落成典礼 reply in writing书面回复
go to the concert去听音乐会 not…until直到……才
meet my friend会见我的朋友 visit grandparents拜访祖父母 study for a test为考试学习
have to不得不 too much homework太多作业 do homework做家庭作业
go to the movies去看电影 after school放学后 on the weekend在周末
invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
what引导的感叹句结构：What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！
What+adj.+名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！
help sb.（to）do sth.帮助某人做某事
be sad to do sth.做某事很悲伤
see sb. do sth. see sb.doing sth.
the best way to do sth.做某事最好的方式
have a surprise party for sb.为某人举办一个惊喜派对
look forward to doing sth.期盼做某事
reply to sth./sb.答复某事/某人
What’s today?今天是什么日子？ What’s the date today? What day is it today?
语法讲解
1、prepare意为“准备”，强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。  prepare for sth. 为…准备好。for的宾语不是动作的承受者，而是表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。  / prepare to do sth 准备做某事。
prepare 强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语，还可接不定式。
get/be ready意为“准备好”，强调准备的结果。常见结构有：①be ready(for sth．)②get sth. ready ③be ready(for sth)④be get ready to do(准备干某事，乐于干某事)
We _____ the mid-term examination. Miss Li said, “Everyone should ______before class.
2. have the flu 患感冒, have a cold 感冒 ,have a cough 咳嗽, have a fever 发烧 , have a sore throat 喉咙痛, have a headache 头痛 ,have a toothache 牙痛，
3. hang out 常去某处，泡在某处, hang on 紧紧抓住, hang about 闲荡, hang up 挂电话，悬挂，挂起
4. catch you =see you = bye bye ,catch a cold感冒 , catch sb’s eye引起某人注意, catch the train 赶上火车
catch up with =keep up with 赶上，跟上 ,catch hold of=take hold of 抓住
5.accept 接受 , 反义词为： refuse。 accept指主观上愿意接受，receive 收到，指客观上收到或拿到，但主观上不一定会接受。 I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn’t like to accept it.
1. turn down = refuse 拒绝 turn up 放大调高 turn over 翻身 take turns 依次，轮流
2. help sb.(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth 在某方面帮助人 help oneself to sth 随便吃
3. at the end of 在…末尾，在…尽头， by the end of 到…末为止 in the end of 终于
4. surprised 形容词，感到意外的，主语是人be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到意外
surprising 形容词，令人惊讶的，主语是物 The news was surpring.
surprise 名词，惊奇、惊讶 to one’s surprise使某人吃惊，动词，使惊奇，使感到意外 It surprise sb to do sth.
5. look forward to 期待，盼望，to 是介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词作宾语。
hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 = receive a letter from sb. hear of = hear about 听说
6. make it 在约定的时间内到达，能够来 = arrive in time; Glad you could make it.
商量确定的时间，表示将来某项计划的安排，后接时间状语。 Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday.
成功办成某事 = succeed After years of hard work, he finally made it.
7.reply 回答，指用口头或书面形式回答，不及物动词 reply to sb/sth. 对…..作出回答。
作及物动词，意为 回答，回答说。作名词，意为：答道，回信，答复，后跟介词 to .
answer 是最普通的用语，包括口头，书面或行动的回答，可作及物和不及物动词。
Unit 10 If you go to the party,you will have a great time
短语归纳
stay at home待在家里 take the bus乘公共汽车 tomorrow night明天晚上
have a class party进行班级聚会 half the class一半的同学 make some food做些食物
order food订购食物 have a class meeting开班会 at the party在聚会上
potato chips炸土豆片，炸薯条 in the end最后 make mistakes犯错误
go to the party去参加聚会 have a great/good 玩得开心 give sb. some advice给某人提一些建议
go to college上大学 make（a lot of）money赚（许多）钱 travel around the world环游世界
work hard努力工作 a soccer player一名足球运动员 keep…to oneself保守秘密
talk with sb.与某人交谈 in life 在生活中 be angry at/about sth.因某事生气
be angry with sb.生某人的气 in the future在将来 run away逃避；逃跑
the first step第一步 in half分成两半 solve a problem解决问题
school clean-up学校大扫除 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 give sb. sth.给某人某物
tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事 too…to do sth.太……而不能做某事
be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事 advise sb. to do sth.劝告某人做某事
It’s best (not) to do sth.最好（不）做某事 need to do sth.需要做某事
语法讲解
由 if 引导的条件状语从句 (主将从现)
if 用做连词时，可以表示“如果；假如”，用来引导一个条件状语从句。如： 
I will go if he asks me.
If you eat bad food, you may be ill.
 注意：在主句和条件状语从句中的动词都表示将来的动作时，主句中常用一般将来时，含有情态动词的句子或祈使句，也可以是谓语含有want, hope, wish等动词的句子，但从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。如：
 We will come to see you if we have time.
You won’t be able to pass the exam if you don’t work hard. 
 I  hope to visit her if  I  am free.
 1、 I  think  I  am going to the party  with  Karen and Ann.
分析：
 be going to do sth.  将要、打算做某事。如：
I am going to do some shopping  with  my mother.
辨析：be going to and will.
 be going to and will  两者都可以表示将来，其区别如下：
be going to 常用于事先经过的打算、计划或意图，也可用于根据某种迹象将要发生的动作。如：
 Why  are you taking down all the pictures?
 I  am going to repaint the wall.
    L ook at the dark clouds in the sky.  I t ’ s going to rain.
 will  常用于不受人的主观意愿影响的单纯将来，也可用于条件状语从句中，还可以表趋向或习惯的动作。如：
 Tomorrow  will be Teacher ’ s Day.
 I f it doesn ’ t rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.
 W e will die without air or water.
2、Half of class won ’ t come.
分析：
  ①   half, adj and n. 一半（的）。 h alf 常用于名词或修饰名词的冠词前面，即half a/an/the/one ’ s +n. 还可以用于a half +n. 这中结构。如：
 P lease cut the cake into halves.
 T he little boy drank half a bottle of water.== the little boy drank a half bottle of water.
 H alf of the children are from  Chinese .
注意：half 短语作主语时，谓语动词与half后的名词保持一致