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高考英语 writing-summary概要写作学案
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册本册综合教学设计，共5页。教案主要包含了什么是概要？该如何下笔写？，注意事项，写作方法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
预习案 Previewing Case
一、什么是概要？该如何下笔写？
概要写作（summary）《牛津高阶英语词典》（第 8 版）对它的定义如下:
“A summary is a brief statement that gives nly the main pints f smething nt the details.”在整体把握原文的前提下，用自己简洁、精练的语言，对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩，写出一篇语义连贯的短文。
《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》对概要写作的题型要求为：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
老师阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况; (2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
(3)上下文的连贯性; (4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
二、注意事项
1.客观性：
概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内容。特别需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”,“I think”等字句。
2.简洁性：
能简则简，避免繁复。概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过删除细节，减少例证，简化描述以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。
3. 连贯性：
概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
切记：概要写作不分段！
三、写作方法
Step1: Read fr the genre (体裁) Step2: Read fr the structure（结构）
Step3: Read fr the key pints（要点）
Step4: Paraphrase（改写）the key pints accurately and briefly
Step5: Cmbine the paraphrases t frm a cherent(连贯的)summary
记叙文，常按照时间顺序来铺排语篇顺序，其核心六要素是Wh, When, Where, What, Why, Hw. 情节的发展包括开端、发展、高潮、结局。
开端：介绍背景，交代时间、地点、人物等因素，引出故事的开端。
正文：包括情节、发展和高潮三部分。
结尾：故事结局。
说明文，说明文可分为举例说明文、类比/对比说明文、因果说明文。
开头—概说：引出文章主题（现象/问题/研究结果）
正文—分说：分项具体解释说明（举例子、析原因、析结果、作对比）
结尾—总说：总结陈述
议论文，作者的观点。作者如何论证自己的观点的
引论(开头)：引出观点
本论：摆出证据，阐明观点（阐理由、析利弊、列实例、提举措）
结论：重申观点
结构①：原文 【总-分/总-分-总（末段与首段观点相同）】
结构②：原文 【总-分-总（末段与首段观点相反）】
加衔接词表转折关系
结构③：原文 【并列结构（段与段的观点并列、递进或相反）
加衔接词表并列/转折逻辑关系
说明文：【解释一个理论】那么这个理论的特点和实际用途是什么？
【解释一项实验等】实验的目的、对象、结果分别是什么？
Step 1:找准体裁，
Step 2:分析文章结构
提取每段主题句（通常在段首；也可在段中，主题句一般就在but, hwever, yet,
Anyhw, nevertheless等转折连接词后；也可在段尾，总结全段的内容）
无主题句时，按体裁和内容，找出关键词(话题或主题)，取出要点。
切记：删除细节（删除具体例子，或归纳总结例子的过程、作用和结果）
Step 3 找要点并列出
Step 4、5 改写：改写列出的要点，注意要点之间的逻辑关系，通过连接词/过渡词使之变成一篇连贯的概要作文。
探究案Explring Case
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Weight lss is mst likely t be successful when peple change their habits. Here are several ways t make that happen.
Regular physical activity burns calries and builds muscles ---bth f which help yu lk and feel gd and keep weight ff. Walking the family dg, cycling t schl, and ding ther things that increase yur daily level f activity can all make a difference.
One reasn peple get less exercise these days is because f an increase in “screen time”--- the amunt f time spent watching TV, lking at the cmputer, r playing vide games. Limit recreatinal screen time t less than 2 hurs per day. When yu really get away frm “screens”, such as TV, cmputers, I Pad r mbile phnes, yu will really benefit a lt.
Prtin(份量) sizes are bigger than they used t be, and these extra calries cntribute t besity. Anther key factr in weight gain is that mre peple drink sugary drinks, such as sdas, juice drinks, and sprts drinks. S chse smaller prtins (r share restaurant prtins) and g fr water r lw-fat milk instead f sda.
Peple wh skip breakfast ften feel s hungry that they eat mre later n. S they get mre calries than they wuld have if they ate breakfast. In fact, peple wh skip breakfast tend t have higher BIMs than peple wh eat breakfast.
If yu really put the abve int practice at nce, yu will definitely reduce yur weight gradually. And wish yu have a gd figure.
Step1: Read fr the genre (体裁)
What’s the genre f the passage?
A. Narratin. B. Argumentatin(议论文). C. Expsitin(说明文).
Step2: Read fr the structure（结构）
What’s the structure f the passage?
B. C.
Step 3: Read fr the key pints (underline them n the passage)
Step 4: Paraphrase(改写) the key pints
Para1:_______________________________________________________________________________________Para2:_______________________________________________________________________________________Para3:______________________________________________________________________________________
Para4:_______________________________________________________________________________________
Para5:_______________________________________________________________________________________
Para6:_______________________________________________________________________________________
Step5: Cmbine the paraphrases t frm a cherent(连贯)summary
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
训练案Exercise
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Punishing children is a cntrversial (争议的) tpic. Everybdy has different pinins abut hw t act t crrect a child’s behavir. Peple have disagreements abut whether it is gd fr a child’s educatin t punish him.
The wrd “punish” means different things t different peple. Punishment can be physical r emtinal. Physical punishment is when the parent hits the child. On the ther hand, emtinal punishment is when the parent, in rder t educate the child, desn’t let him watch TV, g t play with his friends, r d things like that.
Althugh many surveys and studies have shwed what the crrect way is t raise a child，nbdy has the answer r the truth. There is n such thing as agreed standard abut raising a child, s I think it will be very difficult t get everyne t agree.
I think parents shuld lve their child and give him r her the best educatin, but at the same time, they shuld punish the child prperly if he r she deserves it. The parent’s gal is t have a gd man r wman in sciety in the future, s smetimes yu shuld d what is necessary t get yur child t behave well.
Summary（写到作文本上）__________________________________________________________________________________________
预习案 Previewing Case
一、什么是概要？该如何下笔写？
概要写作（summary）《牛津高阶英语词典》（第 8 版）对它的定义如下:
“A summary is a brief statement that gives nly the main pints f smething nt the details.”在整体把握原文的前提下，用自己简洁、精练的语言，对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩，写出一篇语义连贯的短文。
《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》对概要写作的题型要求为：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
老师阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况; (2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
(3)上下文的连贯性; (4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
二、注意事项
1.客观性：
概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内容。特别需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”,“I think”等字句。
2.简洁性：
能简则简，避免繁复。概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过删除细节，减少例证，简化描述以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。
3. 连贯性：
概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
切记：概要写作不分段！
三、写作方法
Step1: Read fr the genre (体裁) Step2: Read fr the structure（结构）
Step3: Read fr the key pints（要点）
Step4: Paraphrase（改写）the key pints accurately and briefly
Step5: Cmbine the paraphrases t frm a cherent(连贯的)summary
记叙文，常按照时间顺序来铺排语篇顺序，其核心六要素是Wh, When, Where, What, Why, Hw. 情节的发展包括开端、发展、高潮、结局。
开端：介绍背景，交代时间、地点、人物等因素，引出故事的开端。
正文：包括情节、发展和高潮三部分。
结尾：故事结局。
说明文，说明文可分为举例说明文、类比/对比说明文、因果说明文。
开头—概说：引出文章主题（现象/问题/研究结果）
正文—分说：分项具体解释说明（举例子、析原因、析结果、作对比）
结尾—总说：总结陈述
议论文，作者的观点。作者如何论证自己的观点的
引论(开头)：引出观点
本论：摆出证据，阐明观点（阐理由、析利弊、列实例、提举措）
结论：重申观点
结构①：原文 【总-分/总-分-总（末段与首段观点相同）】
结构②：原文 【总-分-总（末段与首段观点相反）】
加衔接词表转折关系
结构③：原文 【并列结构（段与段的观点并列、递进或相反）
加衔接词表并列/转折逻辑关系
说明文：【解释一个理论】那么这个理论的特点和实际用途是什么？
【解释一项实验等】实验的目的、对象、结果分别是什么？
Step 1:找准体裁，
Step 2:分析文章结构
提取每段主题句（通常在段首；也可在段中，主题句一般就在but, hwever, yet,
Anyhw, nevertheless等转折连接词后；也可在段尾，总结全段的内容）
无主题句时，按体裁和内容，找出关键词(话题或主题)，取出要点。
切记：删除细节（删除具体例子，或归纳总结例子的过程、作用和结果）
Step 3 找要点并列出
Step 4、5 改写：改写列出的要点，注意要点之间的逻辑关系，通过连接词/过渡词使之变成一篇连贯的概要作文。
探究案Explring Case
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Weight lss is mst likely t be successful when peple change their habits. Here are several ways t make that happen.
Regular physical activity burns calries and builds muscles ---bth f which help yu lk and feel gd and keep weight ff. Walking the family dg, cycling t schl, and ding ther things that increase yur daily level f activity can all make a difference.
One reasn peple get less exercise these days is because f an increase in “screen time”--- the amunt f time spent watching TV, lking at the cmputer, r playing vide games. Limit recreatinal screen time t less than 2 hurs per day. When yu really get away frm “screens”, such as TV, cmputers, I Pad r mbile phnes, yu will really benefit a lt.
Prtin(份量) sizes are bigger than they used t be, and these extra calries cntribute t besity. Anther key factr in weight gain is that mre peple drink sugary drinks, such as sdas, juice drinks, and sprts drinks. S chse smaller prtins (r share restaurant prtins) and g fr water r lw-fat milk instead f sda.
Peple wh skip breakfast ften feel s hungry that they eat mre later n. S they get mre calries than they wuld have if they ate breakfast. In fact, peple wh skip breakfast tend t have higher BIMs than peple wh eat breakfast.
If yu really put the abve int practice at nce, yu will definitely reduce yur weight gradually. And wish yu have a gd figure.
Step1: Read fr the genre (体裁)
What’s the genre f the passage?
A. Narratin. B. Argumentatin(议论文). C. Expsitin(说明文).
Step2: Read fr the structure（结构）
What’s the structure f the passage?
B. C.
Step 3: Read fr the key pints (underline them n the passage)
Step 4: Paraphrase(改写) the key pints
Para1:_______________________________________________________________________________________Para2:_______________________________________________________________________________________Para3:______________________________________________________________________________________
Para4:_______________________________________________________________________________________
Para5:_______________________________________________________________________________________
Para6:_______________________________________________________________________________________
Step5: Cmbine the paraphrases t frm a cherent(连贯)summary
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
训练案Exercise
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Punishing children is a cntrversial (争议的) tpic. Everybdy has different pinins abut hw t act t crrect a child’s behavir. Peple have disagreements abut whether it is gd fr a child’s educatin t punish him.
The wrd “punish” means different things t different peple. Punishment can be physical r emtinal. Physical punishment is when the parent hits the child. On the ther hand, emtinal punishment is when the parent, in rder t educate the child, desn’t let him watch TV, g t play with his friends, r d things like that.
Althugh many surveys and studies have shwed what the crrect way is t raise a child，nbdy has the answer r the truth. There is n such thing as agreed standard abut raising a child, s I think it will be very difficult t get everyne t agree.
I think parents shuld lve their child and give him r her the best educatin, but at the same time, they shuld punish the child prperly if he r she deserves it. The parent’s gal is t have a gd man r wman in sciety in the future, s smetimes yu shuld d what is necessary t get yur child t behave well.
Summary（写到作文本上）__________________________________________________________________________________________
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