人教版（pep)小升初英语语法专题复习讲义 7.介词连词

介词连词一．介词的定义介词是一种虚词，是英语中最活跃的词类之一。特别是一些常用介词的搭配用来表示种种不同的意思。英语里大部分用语都是由介词和其他词构成的，因此掌握好介词是学好英语的关键之一。二．各个介词的用法in, on, at的用法in, on, at 这三个介词用法非常广泛，既可表示地点，又可表示时间。 表示地点表示时间in +大地点/国家/年份/月份/季节表示在…之内in the room; in a village; in China; in the tree; in the sky; in Hongkong表示在一段时间内in an hour(month; year); in spring(winter; autumn);in February; in the morning; in 的固定  搭配in English（用英语）; in time（及时）; in class（在课堂上）; in hospital（住院）; in trouble; （遇见麻烦）；in a hurry（匆忙地）; in fact（实际上）; in front of（在...前面）on +星期/年月日（有日on,无日in)/具体某一天的早，中，晚表示在....之上   on the desk    on the wall 表示在某日  on Saturday  on Apr. 11thon的固定搭配on time（准时）; on one’s way to（在去...的路上）; on TV（在电视山）; on the left（在左边）; on show（展览）; on line（在线的）; spend..on..（在..方面花费...); depend on…(取决于/依靠于....)at 表示地点：在……(小的地点) at railway station; at 403 Daxue Road.表示时间：在…(时刻) 在…岁时 at 7 o’clock; at the weekend; 表示价格、速度：以… He bought it at the price of 200yuan.                    He drove at the seventy kilometers an hour.表示动作方向：朝，向 look at; shout at; throw at在（某方面）She is good at English. He is clever at drawing.at first（首先/起初）; at last（最后/最终）; at once（立刻/马上）; at school（在学校）; look at（看着）; arrive at（到达）; knock at（敲..); at the same time(同时）; shout at（对...大喊）; at the end of(在...末端）; at home（在家）; at present（目前)about 关于；有关The book is about food; Don’t worry about it.大约 与around近义about ten o’clock.above位置、职位、年龄、数量等：在…上面 （above可超出垂直面积; over不超出垂直面积）above the woods; above sea level.above all. 以上皆可across表示动作方向、位置：穿过，横过 （区别through）across the bridge/ street表示地点：在…对面：across the road 在马路对面after表示时间、顺序：在…之后after school/ lunch固定短语：look after; run after after all到底，终究； one…after another一个接一个; day after day日复一日against表示位置：倚着，靠着The ladder was against the wall.反对fight against along 沿着：along the river/streetamong在…中间；在…之中（三者或三者以上）around表示位置：在…周围，环绕The earth moves around the sun. 在…范围内：Let me show you around our school表示数目：大约=about  before表示时间：在..以前表示位置：在…前面（较抽象）before difficultiesbehind表示位置：在…后面beside在….旁边  besides 除…之外between在两者之间by表示地点：在…旁边 The house is by the river. The river is passing by the house.表示方式、手段、用、靠：by bike/bus; by hand/machine表示时间：到…时候为止。by the end of. 短语：day by day一天天地；one by one 一个个的； by the way顺便说一句  by chance 偶然down表示动作方向：沿着…往下He runs down the hillduring在…期间except除…以外for表示目的、对象：为…  The flower is for you. Smoking is bad for your health.表示一段时间或距离：达到 for a long time表示方向、目标：向；去 the train for Beijing表示原因：因为 Thank you for helping me.当作；作为What do you want for your birthday?短语 for example; for ever; for sale; look for; for a while暂时; for free; wait forfrom表示来源、起点：自；从 borrow from; learn from; from 1 to 10.表示距离、间隔：离开 Far from eye, far from heart. 眼不见，心不烦。表示原材料：用…制成 be made from 短语: from beginning to end; from now on; stop … from doing sth.into表示时间或动作的方向:到….里; 进入….表示变化或进入某种状态: change into, translate into; break intolike像…一样 do like that; look like常和what 连用, 是什么样子; 怎样 What the weather like?near表示时间或空间: 靠近,接近,在附近.of表示所属关系:…的, 属于… 的.短语 of course; first of all; a kind of; instead of; plenty of; think of; be tired of; be afraid of; be proud ofoff自…离开，脱离. jump off; fall off; keep off the grass勿踏草坪knock off 下班since从某时间起, ….以来.till/ until直到…为止over表示地点, 地位,职位: 在上面,高于. (有跨越的意思,不接触表面)表示数目,程度:在…以上,超过. He is over fifty短语all over the world; be over; over again; over therethrough表示空间:穿过，通过表示时间:从头到尾,从开始到结束 sometimes he works through the nitht.表示方式, 手段，原因等 He learnt Englsh through TV.to表示方向,距离: 到 go to school短语 to one’s surprise(令某人惊讶的是）; listen to（听...); look forward to(期盼/期望）; pay attention to（注意/关注...); get to(到达）under表示位置: 在…下, 在…正下方表示级别，数量，标准，年龄，价格等:低于;少于 She must be under 12.with表示共同关系: 和…一起; 同… be with somebody. 表示工具，手段等: 被；用. We listen with our ears.短语 catch up with赶上；go on with继续干下午; help … with帮助; be angry with对…人生气without不; 没有 三．连词的定义连词是虚词,不能单独充当句子成分. 只能起连接词与词, 短语与短语或句子与句子的作用. 它分为并列连词和从属连词.1. 并列连词是连接平行的词, 短语或句子的.常见的并列连词有: and; both…and…; but; either…or…, for, neither…nor…; nor, not only…but also; or; so; still; yet等.2, 从属连词是用来引导主从复合句中的从句的. 常用的从属连词有:after; as..as..; as; as soon as; because; before; if; since; so that; than; though; till; when; whether; while等四．常用连词的用法1, and 和both… and… 两者都(谓语动词用are或动词原形）  Both she and I are interested in ice cream. 她和我都喜欢吃冰淇淋。2, but 但是；然而(表示转折关系)3, either…or… 或者…或者…; 不是…就是… (表示选择关系)  neither...nor… 既不…也不… (表示并列否定关系, 谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致)    Neither she nor I am interested in Talk Shows.    她和我都不喜欢脱口秀节目。  not only…but also… 不但…而且… (表示并列肯定关系, 谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致)Not only Jane but also her parents like cooking .不仅是简，她的父母也喜欢烹饪。小升初专项练习—介词连词一．用适当的介词填空1, He wants to know everything _______ his school.2, He usually goes out for a walk _______ supper.3, We have lunch _______ half past twelve.4, Please look _______ the blackboard.5, His family had a hard life _______ liberation. But _______ liberation they began to live a happy life.6, Children like to hear stories _______ animals.7, They finished the work _______ ten o’clock..8, When do you get up _______ the morning?9, Will you go _______ bus or _______foot?10, The story took place _______ the Second World War.11, We have learned a lot _______ you.12, The cup was broken _______ her.13, --Where are you _______?   --I’m _______ Guilin.14, We are working _______ the people.15, It is time _______ supper.16, Class begins _______ eight.17, We come _______ different parts of China.18, She lives _______her mother.19, He usually gets up _______ half past six _______the morning.20, They stayed here _______ six months.21, They are leaving _______ Wuhan tomorrow.22, Great changes have taken place _______ 1986.23, They usually have League meetings _______ Saturday.24, Beijing is the capital _______ China.25, The woman is _______ the right _______the policeman.二，单项选择1. Why were your parents angry _______you yesterday evening?A .to     B.on     C.for     D.with2. In England, people usually call me Tom_______short.A .for     B.to     C.on     D.at3.--Where are you from?--I’m from the USA,what_______you?A.for.     B.about.    C.in    D.on4.Who sits _______the middle _______the classroom? A.at,of    B.in ,of.   C.on, in   D.at,for5.We usually go to school _______Monday_______Friday.A.to ,from.  B .from,on   C.from,to   D.on,to6.He usually has an egg and a bottle of milk_______breakfast.A.to       B .on   C.for     D. of 7.Please turn _______all the lights in the room, A.down    B.on    C. for.   D. in8.It was raining ,but the farmers still went _______working in the fields.A.for      B.on     C. with   D.from9.Please take your dirty clothes away _______here.A.from     B. off.     C. of     D. at.10.---May I speak _______Becky ,please?  ---Hold on _______a moment ,please.A.to,for  B. for ,to   C. to,of   D.to ,atThey teach us English _______we teach them Chinese,we help each other.A. but   B.and  .C. or.  D. as.12.It was late.She took off her clothes _______went to bed.A,or   B. so  C. and  D. but.13.The students should know _______what _______why.A.so, as  B. both,and.  C.either, or D. neither, nor.14.The ground must be just right,_______too wet_______ too dry.A.ether,or   B.both,and   C.between,and   D.neither,nor15.Would you like rice_______noodles?A.or   B.but   C.because   D.so16.You must eat less food and take more exercise,_______you’ll be very fat.A.but   B.and   C.so   D.or17.If you don’t hurry up ,_______you’ll be late for the meeting.A./   B.or   C.so   D.but18.Paul comes from Canada,_______he can speak very good Chinese.A.if   B.so   C,but   D.because19. _______ your help, we couldn’t finish the work on time.A. Under     B. With     C. Without    D. Except20. I was born _______ August, 1988.A. at        B. on       C. in        D. to