人教版（pep)小升初英语语法专题复习讲义 14. 祈使句、感叹句和there be句型

句型（二）              祈使句、感叹句和there be 句型一：祈使句： 
祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类。 1．第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。如： Stand up!  站起来！ Don’t worry about!  不要担忧/忧虑！ 2．第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。如： Let’s go!   让我们走！  Let us go home!  让我们回家！ Let him be here by 10 o’clock．让他10点到这儿。 祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如： Help! 救命！  Patience! 耐心点！ Quickly! 快点！ Hands up! 举起手来！ 二、祈使句的强调形式及否定形式 祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do。如： Do be careful! Do Stop talking! Do give my regards to your parents!务必／一定代我向你父母问好! 祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don’t或never。如：  Don’t you be nervous!你不要紧张! 以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Let’s或Let us／me后加not。如： Let’s not waste our time arguing about it! 咱们别浪费时间争论这事了! Let’s not say anything about it! 这事咱们谁也别说! 三、祈使句的反意疑问句 1．祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要用shall，will。如：     Pass me the book，will you? 2．Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“Shall we?”。如：     Let’s go for a walk，shall we?     Let’s forget it，shall we? 3．Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”。如：    Let us go for a walk，will you? 四．感叹句  通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。 what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种： How +形容词+ a/an +可数名词单数+ 陈述语序。 2. How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序。3. What+a/an+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序。4. What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序。5. What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序。 How clever a boy he is! How lovely the baby is!  What noise they are making! What a clever boy he is!  What wonderful ideas (we have)!What cold weather it is!感叹句的省略形式为：What a clever boy (he is)!   There be句型一：there be 句型基本认识 1、   定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2、结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.         (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.注意事项：句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如：① There is a bird in the tree.   树上有一只鸟。
 ② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.  我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。
 二： there be 句型的常考点
考点一：各种句型转化。 1：变成否定There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如：
    There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
    There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree. 2：变成一般疑问句There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?  3：特殊疑问句对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导，当主语是物的时候，则用what 引导。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：
    There are many things over there. →What's over there?
    There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
对地点状语提问：则用where 引导。如：There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children? 对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？ 考点二：there be 句型的时态。be可以有现在时（there is/are）、过去时(there was/were)、将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)和完成时(there have/has been)；还可用there must be ,there can’t be, there used to be等。 如：
   ---There ______ a concert this evening.          ---Yeah. Exciting news!
        A. are going to be    B. is going to be    C. is going to have    D. will have 考点三：there be 句型反意疑问句的构成：be (not) there? 如：
There is some milk in the bottle, ____ ?                  
  A．isn't there     B．aren't there    C．isn't it    D．are there
 考点四：there be 句型的主谓一致：There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则5.There ____ an apple and ten bananas in the basket. You can take any of them.  如：1.There ___ any rice in the bowl.                     
      A. are      B. is      C. isn’t     D. aren’t
    2.There ___ many apples on the tree last year.
      A. have been    B. were      C. are      D. is  
注意事项：there be 句型与have句型的区别
(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。 如：
He has two sons.   他有两个儿子。There are two men in the office.    办公室里有两个男人。
(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。如：
    A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.  一个星期有七天。
        小升初专项练习—祈使句和感叹句 I. 选择题。Please ____, they’re having a meeting.(1998黑龙江)
A. not be so noisy  B. Be quite  C. mustn’t talk  D. no speaking
2. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there.(河北)
A. Not to forget   B. Not forget  C. Forget not    D. Don’t forget
3. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____?(1990北京西城区)
A. won’t we   B. will you     C. don’t we    D. shall we
4. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ____?(1999天津)
A. do you    B. will you    C. can you   D. could you
5. –Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I ____.
A. don’t    B. won’t    C. can’t    D. haven’t
6. ____ down the radio. The baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning   B. To turn   C. Turned   D. Turn
7. Lucy, ____ the door or someone’ll come in.(1996河南)
A. close  B. closes  C. not close  D. is closing
8. ____ and play football in the street after lunch.(哈尔滨)
A. Let’s not to go  B. Let’s not go C. Let’s don’t go  D. Not let’s go
9. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus.(安徽)
A. Not parking  B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking
10. ____ Chinese in you English class.(2000西安)
A. Not speak  B. Don’t speak C. Speak not D. Don’t speaking II. 将下列句子变成祈使句：
1. Would you like to wait a moment?→_____ _____ a moment.
2. Can I use your bike?→Please _____ _____ your bike.
3. You’d better not smoke here.→_____ _____ here.
4. You must be careful with your handwriting.
_____ _____ with your handwriting.
5. Will you please not play with my pencil? →____ ____ with my pencil,____.
 III. 将下列句子变成感叹句：
1. It is quite a nice present.→_____ _____ nice present!
2. We have fine weather today.→ _____ _____ weather we have today!
3. It’s sunny today.→_____ _____ sunny day it is today!
4. The children are working hard.→_____ _____ the children are working!
5. She played basketball wonderfully.→_____ _____ she played basketball!
6. He is good at singing.→_____ _____ he sings!
7. He was doing well in dancing.→_____ a _____ dancer he was!
8. Tom coughs badly.→_____ _____ _____ cough Tom has!
9. The fish is very lovely.→_____ _____ the fish is!
10. They live a happy life today.→_____ _____ _____ life they live! IV. 选择题____ a nice watch it is!(1998山东)
A. How   B. What   C. What a   D. How a
2. ____ bright girls they are!(1998浙江)
A. What  B. What a  C. How  D. how a
3. ____ interesting the film is!(1998湖北)
A. What   B. What an C. How  D. What a
4. ____ sunny day! Let’s go out for a walk.(1999江西)
A. How a  B. How   C. What a   D. What
5. ____ hard work it is!(1999浙江)
A. How   B. What   C. What a   D. What an
6. ____ day it is! It’s rainy again. (1999江西)
A. How bad  B. What a bad  C. How fine  D. What a fine
7. ____ great day July 1,1997 will be! (1999上海)
A. How a  B. What a  C. How  D. What
8. ____ expensive trousers!(1999浙江)
A. What  B. What a  C. How  D. What an
9. ____ girl she is!(1998河北)
A. What bright a   B. How a bright   C. How bright a  D. What bright
10. ____ weather we have today!(1983上海)
A. A fine   B. What a fine   C. How a fine  D. What fine
11. ____ careless he is!(1986吉林)What   B. How   C. So much   D. How much
12. ____ from Beijing to London!(1993黑龙江)
A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it
C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is
13. Oh, John, ____ you gave us!(1990内蒙古)
A. How a pleasant surprise    B. How pleasant surprise
C. What a pleasant surprise    D. What pleasant surprise ____ useful work they have done!(2000上海)
A. What   B. How   C. What a   D. What an
15. ____ nice picture you gave me!(2000杭州)    A. How   B. What   C. What a   D. What an
                       小升初专项练习—there be句型 一、用 “have, has”或“there is , there are” 填空
1. I________a good father and a good mother. 
2. ____________a telescope on the desk. 
3. He_________a tape-recorder. 
4. _____________a basketball in the playground. 
5. She__________some dresses. 
6. They___________a nice garden. 
7. What do you___________? 
8. ______________a reading-room in the building? 
9. What does Mike___________? 
10. ______________any books in the bookcase? 
11. My father_________a story-book. 
12. _______________a story-book on the table. 
13. _______________any flowers in the vase? 
14. How many students____________in the classroom? 
15. My parents___________some nice pictures. 
16. _____________some maps on the wall. 
17. ______________a map of the world on the wall. 
18. David__________a telescope.
19. David’s friends___________some tents. 
20. ______________many children on the hill.21. ________ any pencils in your pencil-box？ 22. ________ you _____________ any pencils in your pencil- box？23. Lucy ___________ a twin sister， Lily.24. _________ a TV in our classroom last term.25. How many hours ___________ in a day？26.  -How many legs ______ a table ________？  - It _______ four.27. -What’s in your bedroom？　  -__________________ a bed， a desk and some chairs.28. My parents _____ two children and ________ four people in my family.29. I_________ a nice puppet.
30. He_________a good friend.
31. They__________ some masks.
32. We___________some flowers.
33. She___________ a duck.
34. My father____________ a new bike.
35. Her mother___________a vase.
36. Our teacher_________ an English book.
37. Our teachers___________a basketball.
38. Their parents___________some blankets
39. Nancy_________many skirts.
40. David__________some jackets.
41. My friends__________a football.

二、用恰当的be动词填空
1. There_____ a lot of sweets in the box.
2. There_____ some milk in the glass.
3. There_____ a picture and a map on the wall.
4. There _____lots of flowers in our garden last year.
5. There _____four cups of coffee on the table. 三、单项选择1. There ___ any rice in the bowl.A. are      B. is      C. isn‘t     D. aren’t 2.There ___ many apples on the tree last year.A. have been    B. were      C. are      D. Is 3.How many ___ are there in the room?A. apple     B. students    C. milk      D. Paper 4.Do you know if ___ a meeting next Sunday?A. there was going to have    B. there was going to beC. is there going to be        D. there will be 5.There is some milk in the bottle， ____ ？A．isn‘t there     B．aren’t there    C．isn‘t it    D．are there 6.There ____ a lot of good news in today’s newspaper.A. is     B. are   C. was   D. Were 7.There ____ pencil-box， two books and some flowers on the desk.A. is a    B. are some    C. has a    D. have some 8. There is little water in the glass， ____ ？A. isn‘t there   B. isn’t it    C. is it   D. is there 9. -There is no air or water on the moon. Is there？   - ____.A. Yes， there are    B. No， there isn‘t C. Yes， there isn’t   D. No， there is 10. -What did you see in the basket then ？　　-There ____ a bottle of orange and some oranges.is     B. are     C. was     D. Were 11. ____ is there on the table？A. How many apples B. How much bread C. How much breads  D. How many food 12. There isn‘t ____ paper in the box.. Will you go and get some for me？A. any     B. some    C. a    D. an 13. There ____ something wrong with our classroom.A. are     B. has    C. is      D. Have 14. There is some ____ on the table.A. apple   B. orange   C. cake    D. sandwich15. There are_____ pencils in my pencil box.A. a        B.an      C.some 16. There is ______ rocking chair in my bedroom. A. a        B.an      C.five 17. There are _____ new books for you. A. a        B.an      C.two 18. There is _______ ruler on the desk. 19. a       B.an       C.some 20. There is________cap on the desk. A.  One    B.an       C.three 21. There are ______ pencil boxes in the book bag. A. a        B.an       C.two四、把下例句子改成疑问句1. There are four apples on the ground.  There are five birds singing in the tree.  There is an armchair in the living room.  There’s a sofa in the living room.  There’s a rubber duck in the bathmat. 五、把下例句子改成否定句                           1. There are two bowls on the table. There are some beautiful flowers in the garden.  There is a tree in the garden.  4. There is an apple tree in the garden.