2021届高考英语阅读理解题型精准练——词义猜测题

2021届高考英语阅读理解题型精准练——词义猜测题

While some farmers are quick to tell visitors to get off their land, David Walston is doing the opposite. He has donated land on his family farm to create two large community vegetable gardens and invited surrounding villages to get involved.

"I thought the thing I can do fairly uniquely is provide the land and machinery to try to make people's lives better during the lockdown". Mr Walston. 37. who runs Thriplow Farms, south of Cambridge, said. "The enthusiasm has surprised me a lot, with 114 people from five villages signing up."

The two 1,000sqm areas will be open for anyone to help with any job that needs doing. A wide range of vegetables will be grown, including peas, broccoli, sweetcorn, squash, potatoes and leeks, In Mr Walston's scheme, which he has called Coveg, people can do as much or as little as they like and the produce will be shared, and any surplus given to the elderly and NHS workers. None of the produce will be sold and distribution will be only loosely linked to the amount of work done.

He is lending his machinery for the backbreaking work. Farm suppliers are supporting the project, with Kings Seeds and Tozer donating seeds and Howseman Agriculture offering irrigation equipment.

Claire Mackenzie, 47, a doctor from Barrington, has agreed to bring seeds in their own gardens to the community plots. She sees Coveg as a way of connecting local people to the countryside that surrounds them. "We live in an arable area but we often do not know our farmers. This is a brilliant way of pulling people together," she said. She hopes to get her two teenage sons involved.

Mr Walston's idea has already prompted three local farmers who also want to donate parcels of their land to contact him. They have a corner of land that would be suitable and machinery that would take the backbreaking work out of preparation. They can't wait to offer.

4.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "prompted" in Paragraph 6?
A.inspired. B.discouraged. C.threatened. D.persuaded.

The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeds to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effects”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects----a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen---is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.

Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death."

George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery, " he says. “We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."

On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony(痛苦) of dying.

Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.

The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.

Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.” He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension(暂停).”

3.Which of the following best defines the word "aggressive" (line 3, paragraph 7 ) ?

A.Bold. B.Harmful. C.Careless. D.Desperate.

More than £5,500 has been raised after a plea(请愿) last Monday by a vet Dr Scott Miller. Scott said: “I would like to say a massive thank-you to Express readers from myself, from Australia and from the koalas. It’s amazing that people from across the world can see how significant the catastrophe has been. I do appreciate that people are being very supportive and reaching into their pockets.” An area, a third of the size of Britain is estimated to have been ravaged(毁坏) since the blazes(火灾) began in September.

On Friday a state of emergency was declared in the capital Canberra, with residents told to prepare to evacuate as fires on the outskirts (市郊) threatened to spread. A billion animals are feared to have died, including 25,000 koalas.

Last week Scott told how he had visited his homeland, helping to save wildlife on Kangaroo Island off the coast of Adelaide. While there he rescued a mother and a baby koala who were stuck in a tree. The pair were rushed to a field hospital on the island to be treated. The mum had severe burns to her paws and was badly dehydrated(脱水的), while her baby son had an eye injury and was underweight.

Scott, who has appeared on ITV’s This Morning and BBC’s Blue Peter, said the mother is showing “great signs of improvement” and her wounds are starting to heal. The baby has undergone surgery to his eye and is “recovering from the anesthetic (麻药) and doing well”.

But he added: “The mother remains dehydrated so isn’t producing enough milk to feed the baby. At the moment they’re being housed severally but there is the hope that when the baby is a little stronger he will be able to be returned to his mother.”

Even after they recover, the pair will probably spend their lives in an enclosure while the bush takes years to recover. Scott said: “Sadly patients are still coming in thick and fast. Each of these animals is requiring to be housed and fed, and regular medical treatment to their injuries.”
3.What does the underlined word in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Separately B.Seriously C.Successfully D.Sympathetically

LONDON- To get a mobile phone as a gift for 14thbirthday, Lucy declared to her parents that everyone else has one. Her parents gave in.

Curious to know how her daughter would use the phone, Jane Bidder, the mother, followed Lucy to the school bus in the morning. The bus seats 20, of whom half have a mobile phone. One rings and several adolescent owners fumble with(笨拙地抚弄) their bags. Many parents have just come to realize that the mobile phone is no longer for traveling businessmen—it is as likely to be found in school bags.

The mobile phone seems to have become something essential(必需品) for today’s teens in Britain, according to a survey published last week, by NOP, a leading market research company in Britain. Research found that 66 percent of 16 – year – olds now have access to a mobile phone.

The mobile phone has been turned into a secret messaging service by teen users. When they are talking on the mobile, their parents are not able to eavesdrop on the second line.

The interview with 2,019 young people aged 7 to 16 found that they favor the text messaging service because they offer a secret way of keeping in touch. The days of secret notes in the classroom are dying out.

For example, “cul” means “see you later”; “lol” means “laugh out loud’; and “2nite” is the abbreviation of “tonight”. All these are based on shorthand phrases on the Internet.

Many schools have banned students using mobile phones. But they are not very successful. Still phones ring in the class and disturb study. Besides, people are worried about the health risk to kids using mobile phones.

Scientists believe children are especially vulnerable(易受伤的)mobile radiation(辐射).
3.The underlined word “eavesdrop” means ________.
A.join in actively  B.interrupt rudely
C.listen secretly  D.watch carefully
 

Chinese Culture Shown to the World with Love

Li Ziqi, a short video blogger specializing in traditional Chinese cooking and handicrafts, has gained worldwide popularity.

Li has about 20 million followers on Sina Weibo, China’s equivalent to Twitter, plus 7 million followers on overseas social media networks. Many foreigners say they have got to know traditional Chinese food culture via her channel.

It is the spirit of craftsmanship (技艺) behind her works that makes Li’s video clips attractive. She strictly follows the authentic traditional steps and procedures in making traditional Chinese food and handicrafts, such as peach flower wine and silk, and goes to great lengths to ensure her videos are accurate. Sometimes she spends several months producing one of her videos.

Li has been inheriting (继承) traditional Chinese culture in a rather creative way. A closer look at her videos will show that they are never with any “analysis” that makes people feel bored. They just show audiences each and every detail of traditional Chinese culture so that the latter knows how Chinese live their beautiful and elegant lives. It is that universal appeal that makes her works so attractive. Thanks to Li's efforts, many intangible cultural heritages that only existed in memories and written records now appear before our eyes. Via her short videos, Li presents the image of a beautiful and friendly China.

With the growth of the Chinese economy, people overseas are showing more interest in traditional Chinese culture. Li has shown how to satisfy that interest in a good way, namely showing the best parts of traditional Chinese culture with her heart.

To effectively present the beauty of Chinese culture to the world, we need more Li Ziqi.

3.What does the underlined word “intangible” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.nonphysical B.inaccessible C.invaluable D.unnoticeable
 

When Lauren Marler began having disturbing symptoms at the age of 15, she somehow knew it was cancer. After some research, she realized she was right. But that was just the beginning of her horrific cancer journey. Marler's doctors discovered that what she had was truly unlucky—but she's still here to tell her tale.

In 2005, Marler noticed blood in her stool; she was too embarrassed to tell anyone. For two years she kept silent. “I looked up my symptoms and knew I had all the signs for colon cancer,” she says. “However, my mom thought I was overreacting.” Eventually, the doctor she visited confirmed she had a colon cancer at the age of 17.

“The doctor said that I needed to get to the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre immediately,” Marler recalls. There she met with Miguel Rodriguez-Bigas, who removed Marler's entire colon and almost all of her rectum(直肠).

But just nine months later, the cancer returned. “When my mom told me, I just felt like, ‘You've got to be kidding me. I just want to be a normal kid.’” After another surgery, three months of chemotherapy(化疗), Marler believed that her cancer battles had to be over.

Then, during a routine scan to ensure that she was still in remission(重病的缓解期) five years later, 23-year-old Marler got a call. “The doctor called to tell me that the scan showed a spot in my uterus(子宫) and it was endometrial cancer, an aggressive one. We went back to MD Anderson to meet with Pedro T. Ramirez, who recommended a full hysterectomy(子宫切除).”

Puzzled by Marler's history, Dr. Rodriguez­Bigas recommended that she get genetic testing. The testing revealed the bad news: Marler had an incredibly rare disorder called CMMRD. Dr. Rodriguez­Bigas explained that the disorder makes a person likely to suffer from different cancers. There is no treatment for the disorder, only preventive care—primarily regular scans to catch any developing cancers early. Armed with an answer for the grief and suffering she had endured for the past decade of her life, Marler actually felt a sense of relief. “It's heartbreaking, but at least I have an answer.”

Three years later, Marler was unable to shake what she thought was sinus infection(鼻窦感染). Marler's mother knew something wasn't right when Marler refused to go back to the hospital because of the level of pain she felt.

On this trip to the hospital, Marler was admitted and scanned. “I couldn't believe it was happening again. The medical test showed that it was lymphoma(淋巴瘤), one of the hardest types to treat. The doctors told me the treatment was going to be so painful that I would hate them by the time it was over. They were right.” Marler endured six different types of chemotherapy at the same time, one of which was delivered through her spinal cord. She was required to be admitted to the hospital every other week for six days. “I was so weak that I couldn't get off my couch. I lost all of my hair, and I had severe body aches,” she recalls.

Today, at 28, Marler is once again in remission—something she definitely doesn't take for granted. She credits her family for her ability to endure her repeated battles with a smile. She says, “I laugh a lot. That's one thing my family does really well—we can find the humour in any situation. I've always found a way to laugh. I do worry about what's next, but I can't let it consume me. I've learned to live with it.”
2.What does the underlined word “aggressive” mean?
A.Being likely to spread quickly. B.Making oneself ready to attack.
C.Requiring chemotherapy to cure it. D.Acting with determination to succeed.
 

Driving while talking on the phone increases the likelihood of an accident and is actually more dangerous than driving drunk, U.S. researchers report. This holds true whether the driver is holding a cell phone or using a hands⁃free device.

“As a society, we have agreed on not tolerating the risk associated with drunk driving," said researcher Frank Drews, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah. “This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk — cell phones actually are a higher risk,” he said.

In the study, 40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course, using a driving simulator(模拟仪). Some people drove while talking on a cell phone, others drove while drunk(meaning their blood-alcohol limit matched the legal limit of 0.08 percent), and others drove with no such distractions. The researchers found an increased accident rate when people were conversing on the cell phone. Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an accident.

The bottom line: Cell⁃phone use was linked to“a significant increase in the accident rate,” Drews said.

The phone users did even worse than the inebriated, the Utah team found. There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones — all of them involving a rear⁃ending(追尾) of the pace car. In contrast, there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk.

In response to safety concerns, some states have declared it illegal to use hand ⁃ held cell  phones while driving. But that type of law may not be effective, because the Utah researchers found no difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands⁃free model.

“We have seen again and again that there is no difference between hands⁃free and hand⁃held devices,”Drews said.“The problem is the conversation. The best solution to the problem is obvious: Don’t talk on the phone while you are driving. ”

2.What does the underlined phrase “the inebriated” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A.The drunk drivers.  B.The researchers.
C.The cell-phone-free drivers. D.The Utah team.
 

Does it matter if a language dies out? The traditional answer is yes, because every language is a repository(智囊)of ideas and culture and represents a unique way of looking at the world. The planet only has about 7,000 languages; the extinction of even one decreases the sum total of human knowledge.

But in some cases, extinction can be seen in a more positive light. Take Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language(ABSL)for example, restricted to about 1,000 users in a small Israeli village with a high level of born deafness, the language seems to be bound to die by the spread of Israeli sign language.

The natural reaction to the loss of ABSL is regret. It is a fascinating language that has kept linguists busy since it came to their attention around 15 years ago. But for the deaf villagers, Israeli sign language is an upgrade: it allows them to speak to tens of thousands of people rather than a few hundred, and enables them to work and marry outside the village. It is hard to see that as anything other than progress. Similarly, other endangered languages die out because people abandon them in favor of ones that serve their needs better.

Technology also softens the blow, as endangered languages can now be captured in detail- which also means they could eventually be brought back from the dead, much as the Hebrew language was in the 19th century. It is now the first language of 9 million people.

Linguists naturally condemn the loss of language much as conservationists(环保主义者)once mourned the loss of every single species. But they are moving towards acceptance that not all species can be saved, that invasive species are not always bad and that human-engineered ecosystems are not necessarily inferior to natural ones. Perhaps our attitudes to language extinction are due for a similar change.

2.What does the underlined word "Upgrade" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Recovery. B.Opportunity. C.Improvement D.Update.
 

答案以及解析

答案： 4.A
解析：
4.词意猜测题。由最后一段内容,及最后一句“They can't wait to offer”可知, Walston的想法已经成功激励了更多的人参与进项目中来,故答案为A

答案： 3.A
解析： 3.考查词意猜测.根据后面may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying,可能会延长甚至玷污死亡的期限,可知,它批判了医生对医疗程序的滥用.故选A.
 

答案： 3.A
解析： 3.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句后半部分“... but there is the hope that when the baby is a little stronger he will be able to be returned to his mother.”句意及句中表示转折关系的连词 but 可判断此处单词为“分别地,各自地”之意,A 项符合;而其他选项都不符合语境,故选 A。
 

答案： 3.C

解析： 3.推断题.由第六段第一句"The interview with 2,019 young people aged 7 to 16 found that they favor the text messaging service because they offer a secret way of keeping in touch."可知短信服务给青少年们提供一种秘密的交流方式,由此推断,当他们讲电话时,父母再也不能"偷听"了,因此 eavesdrop 意为"偷听",故正确答案为C.
 

答案： 3.A

解析：
3.词义猜测题.A. immaterial无关紧要;无形体的;非物质的B. inaccessible不可得到的;C. invaluable极宝贵的;D. Unnoticeable不显明的;根据画线词后的修饰语"…that only existed in memories and written records now appear before our eyes." 可知, 在李子柒的努力下, 许多仅存在于记忆和书面记录中的非物质文化遗产现在出现在我们眼前, 结合 cultural heritages 与本文的语境, 由此可知画线词意思是"无形的、 触摸不到的、非物质的".故选A.
 

答案： 2.A
解析： 2.词义猜测题.根据文章可第五段The doctor called to tell me that the scan showed a spot in my uterus(子宫) and it was endometrial cancer, an aggressive one. 医生打电话告诉我,扫描显示我的子宫有一个斑点,那是子宫内膜癌,一种侵袭性的.知意为很可能迅速传播;故选A.
 

答案： 2.A
解析：
2.根据文章第五段后面的叙述,可推知这里是打电话的驾驶员和那些醉酒的驾驶员做对比,可推出此处 the inebriated指代的是醉酒驾驶者,故答案为A。

答案： 2.C
解析： 2.词义猜测题.根据上下文内容可知,But for the deaf villagers, Israeli sign language is an upgrade句意为但是对于聋哑的村民来说,以色列手语是一种升级.故意为改进,提高.故选C.