2021届高考英语阅读理解题型精准练——推理判断题

 2021届高考英语阅读理解题型精准练——推理判断题 Jim found himself exhausted during a trip. When he came home, he went to see a doctor. “The reason why I was fatigued(精疲力竭),” Jim says, "was that my kidneys were gone. ”Jim, 69, a former Air Force pilot, immediately started dialysis(透析) three times a week. A person of his age on dialysis usually lives only about four years. Transplants are a long-shot alternative. The National Kidney Foundation estimates that 13 people die every day while waiting for a donor with the right blood and tissue types.Jim's wife, nephew and four family friends offered but weren't a match. Jim was so discouraged that he was even considering not attending a reunion of some Air Force buddies (铁哥们).But his wife encouraged him to reunite with his old friends, among whom was one he hadn't seen for nearly 50 years: Doug Coffman. The two had met. when they both were learning Vietnamese before they went overseas.Doug, then 70, felt a strong bond with his band of brothers, even though he hadn't seen some of them for decades. Their connection went beyond the battlefield in ways most, soldiers never experience.Doug had received help from his friends when he was in trouble, so he felt like it was a time that he could pay that ahead by donating a kidney to Jim. Fortunately, series of testing revealed not only that Doug's tissue type matched Jim’s but also that he had the kidneys of a 35-year-old.The transplant was a success. "It's pretty miraculous to be able to take an organ out of one person's body—a living organ—put it in another person's body, and have it work.” Doug says. "And there's nothing finer than knowing I've helped another person live a better life.1.From paragraph 2 we know that kidney transplant is ________.
A.expensive  B.dangerous
C.a matter of luck  D.an unwise choice
2.How old was Jim when he went overseas?
A.About 17. B.About 19. C.About 22. D.About 25.
3.What can we infer from Doug's words in the last paragraph?
A.Doug is happy to donate a kidney to Jim.
B.Jim is having a better life than Doug.
C.The kidney transplant was very successful.
D.Modern medical science is very advanced. Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)(孤独症) is a disability that can cause serious social, communication and behavioral problems. There is often nothing about how people with ASD look that makes them different from other people, but people with ASD may communicate, interact, behave, and learn in ways that are different from most other people. The learning, thinking, and problem-solving abilities of people with ASD can range from pretty good to extremely bad. Some people with ASD need a lot of help in their daily lives; others need less.People with ASD often have problems with social, emotional, and communication skills. They might repeat certain behaviors and might not want change in their daily activities. Many people with ASD may also have difficulties learning, paying attention, or reacting to things. Signs of ASD begin during early childhood and probably last throughout a person's life.Diagnosing(诊断) ASD can be difficult since there is no medical test, like a blood test, to assess the disorders. Doctors look at the child's behavior and development to make a judgement. ASD can sometimes be diagnosed at 18 months or younger. By age 2 , an experienced doctor can be considered very reliable in diagnosing ASD . However, many children may not see a doctor until much older.There is currently no cure for ASD . However, research shows that early treatment services can improve a child's development. Early treatment services help children from birth to 3 years old(36 months) learn important skills. Therefore, it is important to talk to your child's doctor as soon as possible if you think your child has ASD or other developmental problems.We do not know all of the causes of ASD . However, most scientists agree that genes are one of the highest risk factors that can make a person more likely to develop ASD .If you think your child might have ASD or you think there could be a problem with the way your child plays, learns, speaks, or acts, contact your child's doctor, and share your concerns. If you're not sure who to contact, call the Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center( ECTA) at 919-962-2001. Or visit the ECTA website:  https:// ectacenter .org .1.What can we infer from the article?
A.The earlier an ASD kid is diagnosed, the better it is for his(her) treatment.
B.Doctors simply have no way to diagnose an ASD kid at all.
C.Doctors can diagnose ASD by blood testing.
D.Doctors can diagnose ASD with the help of machines.
2.Who is most likely to be an ASD patient of the following people?
A.Someone who prefers to talk a lot in daily life.
B.Someone who has got an ASD brother.
C.Someone who wants to hug you in public.
D.Someone who sings in a strange voice.
3.Where is this article possibly from?
A.A guidebook for new parents.
B.Education section of a newspaper.
C.A student's diary.
D.A medical magazine. “In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.” “Two full inches in the first three days!”These are the kinds of statements used in magazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters of such products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles, or in some other way add to beauty or desirability.Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoters. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health.To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public, it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the  product is a drug, FDA(Food and Drug Administration) can require proof under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that it is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device, FDA has no authority to require premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the marker is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily, or it can take legal action ,including seizure(查封)of the product.One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor, which had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life. Obviously, most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings( 诉讼 ), and new devices appear continually. Before buying, it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.1.It can be inferred that the ads mentioned at the beginning of the passage are _______.
A.illegal B.unreliable C.objective D.costly
2.Which of the following will the author probably agree with?
A.The court is in charge of removing dangerous products.
B.It is possible that new products are questionable.
C.The production of a device must be approved by FDA.
D.The promoters usually just care about profits.
3.The Relaxacisor is mentioned in the passage as _______.
A.a product which was designed to produce electricity
B.a product whose distributor was involved in a legal case
C.a successful advertisement of a beauty product
D.an example of a quality beauty product  “May she grow up to be as intelligent as her mother.”“May she become a good hostess.”“May she be the most beautiful bride in Quanzhou.”“She will be a famous authoress.”This last wish was expressed by my elder uncle. I knew it because, being himself fond of writing, he always said the same thing to every-born baby.The inspection was over; the little girl was wrapped up again and carried away. The relatives presented my mother with gifts. There were eggs in woven baskets, cackling hens, bags of sugar, and selected rice. My grandmother glanced from the bag of sweets to me, and began laughing again.The procession of relatives moved to the dining room. At the table, the return gifts from our family were distributed, each relative receiving two red eggs. I was sad; we did not have enough money, so I could not stick a gilt-paper hieroglyphic meaning “luck” on the egg.A year later, on my sister’s birthday the same relatives again crowded into our house. A red tablecloth was put on a table in the sitting room, and all sorts of objects were spread out: a needle and thread, a saucepan, a teapot, a paint-brush, an inkpot, a knife, a book of verses, a book of stories, a flexible spear, and a piece of printed silk.Then the little girl, who, in her embarrassment, was trying to stick her foot into her mouth, was brought to the table, to see what object she would pick up first. If she takes a brush, she will be an authoress; if she grabs at a saucepan, she will be a housewife; if she touches silk, she will be a well-dressed woman; if she picks up a spear, she will make herself famous as a heroine or a chieftain.I don’t know what object my little sister chose. Judging by the fact that she is now in Peking University, and shows a great deal of interest in literature, she must have chosen a brush or a book. However, she was a niece of two teachers. So many books and so much stationary were piled up that day on the red cloth that the insignificant needle and thread had no chance of getting into the hands of little An An.In those days, she was the important person in the house. But I didn’t mind. I was grown up. I was six years older than she.1.What is mainly described in the first four paragraphs?
A.The predictions for the newly-born baby.
B.The greetings for the newly-born baby.
C.The affections for the newly-born baby.
D.The blessings for the newly-born baby.
2.Why will she make herself famous as a chieftain if she picks up a spear?
A.Because a spear belongs to kitchenware.
B.Because a spear makes her escape easily.
C.Because a spear produces bad smells.
D.Because a spear protects her from being hurt.
3.What is the author’s attitude to the fact that the little sister was the center in the house?
A.Tolerant. B.Jealous. C.Inspirational. D.Overjoyed.  “While animals can’t pick out precise numbers, they can understand that more is more. Interestingly, we know now that numerical(数值的)competence is present on almost every branch of the animal tree of life,” says Andreas Nieder, a neurobiologist from the University of Tuebingen. “Different groups of animals obviously developed this trait(特点)independently from others and that strongly indicates that it has to be of adaptive value.”Honeybees, for instance, can remember the number of landmarks they pass when searching for food in order to find their way back to the hive. The last common ancestor between honeybees and primates lived about 600 million years ago. But still, they evolved numerical competence that, in many respects, is comparable to vertebrate(脊椎动物的)numerical competence. Also, for example, male frogs sing “advertisement” calls to attract females. The females, listening for the complexity of their calls, choose the male that sings the most calls.Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for the size of their prey(猎物): With prey like deer, only around six to eight wolves are needed, while hunting wild ox requires a pack of nine to thirteen. Their prey also uses this concept to protect themselves from predators — deer tend to live in large herds to reduce the chance of any individual becoming prey. So obviously they are assessing the number of individuals in their groups for their everyday life situations.Despite these many examples of numerical competence in animals, this subject has not gotten many first-hand studies. “Many of these behavioral findings in the wild have usually been collected as by-products or accidental findings of other research questions,” says Nieder. He argues that more research needs to be done to fully understand the numerical competence.1.The phenomenon of animals having their own numerical competence shows that ________.
A.all groups of animals are related in some ways
B.numerical competence must have a survival benefit
C.the intelligence of animals varies with different environments
D.animals’ numerical competence is determined by their adaptability
2.How does the author mainly develop this text?
A.By listing figures.  B.By asking questions.
C.By giving examples.  D.By making comparisons.
3.From which is the text probably taken?
A.A biology textbook.  B.A health magazine.
C.A travel brochure.  D.A research paper. The latest witch-hunt is under way. The witches are the rapid innovation in robotics and computing, ready to replace humans in performing increasingly difficult tasks and so replace jobs across the employment market. The main view is that rapid technological innovation has been taking jobs faster than it is creating them.We appear to be cornering ourselves in the narrow view that crowds man and machine onto the same tasks. But there is another view, for a positive man-machine dynamic. While not in the majority, arguments exist for a man-machine future. They celebrate that which is uniquely human – meaning and creativity – and that which should be the main business of humans in the first place.In his latest article, for example, David Nordfors makes a distinction between a task-centered and human-centered economy. In the task-centered economy humans have no value beyond the tasks they perform. As a result, they are indistinguishable from machines and will be replaced by them as soon as technology can be applied. In the human-centered economy on the other hand, machines allow humans to escape from predefined tasks with prestated outcomes. This allows them to exercise the value that appears from working with other humans on open-ended, creative efforts.In Reinventing the Sacred, Stuart Kauffman mainly puts to rest the idea that human brains will become indistinguishable from algorithms as machines finally reach shocking sophistication. Kauffman points out that higher order human mental processes are beyond algorithms. Philosophers such as Sanders Pierce and design thinkers such as Roger Martin have long suggested the ability of human minds to perform leaps of logic to get to creative solutions. Going beyond logic-based arguments and case study proof, Kauffman describes how machine algorithms, even based on the most sophisticated AI technologies, can only solve problems which are limited by prestated guesses.We have, for the majority of humanity’s history, used humans for robotic, repeatable, efficiency-minded tasks. Technology has finally reached a point where creativity and meaning are accessible to everyone. As David Nordfors rightly says, never yet seen so much wealth is waiting to be seen. We are ready to forever get rid of the last form of human slavery: meaningless, dehumanizing, algorithmic work.1.In a human-centered economy, machines ______.
A.take the place of human labors
B.get in the way of human progress
C.work with people on creative activities
D.free people for the exploration of creativity and meaning
2.According to the text, Stuart Kauffman most probably agrees that ______.
A.AI technologies have the ability to do creative thinking
B.leaps of logic distinguish humans from machines
C.human brains can be viewed as upgraded computers
D.machine algorithms are beyond human minds’ ability
 


       答案以及解析 答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中 "Transplants are a long-shot alternative. The National Kidney Foundation estimates that ... while waiting for a donor with the right blood and tissue types. "可知,肾移植的配型很难。 由此推测,肾移植要靠机会和运气。 故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知,Jim今年69岁;根据第三段中"among whom was one he hadn't seen for nearly 50 years"可知,有些战友50年没见面了。 由此推知小m出国参战的时候是69 — 50= 19岁。 他当时大约19岁。 故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中"And there's nothing finer than knowing I've helped another person live a better life. "可知,能为Jim捐肾,Doug感到很高兴。 故选A。
 答案：1.A;2.B; 3.D
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第三段中 By age2, an experienced doctor can be considered very reliable in diagnosing ASD. However, many children may not see a doctor until much older.可知到2岁的时候个有经验的医生可以被认为在诊断ASD方面是非常可靠的。然而,许多孩子可能直到更大的时候才去看医生。以及根据第四段 However, research shows that early treatment services can improve a child's development. Early treatment services help children from birth to 3 years old(36 months) learn important skil.然而,研究表明,早期治疗服务可以改善儿童的发育。早期治疗服务可以帮助从出生到3岁(36个月)的儿童学习重要的技能。由此可推知,孤独症儿童越早被诊断出来,对他(她)的治疗就越好。故选A。
2.推理判断题,根据倒数第二段中 However, most scientists agree that genes are one of the highest risk ctors that can make a person more likely to develop ASD.可知然而,大多数科学家认为基因是使一个人更容易患孤独症最高风险因素之一。由此可推知,一个有孤独症兄弟的人最有可能是自闭症患者。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据第一段中 Autism Spectrum Disorder(AsD) is a disability that can cause serious ocial, communication and behavioral problems. There is often nothing about how people with ASD that makes them different from other people, but people with ASD may communicate, interact, behave and learn in ways that are different from most other people,可知孤独症(ASD)是一种能够导致严重的社交、沟通和行为问题的残疾。孤独症患者和其他人的不同之处在于,他们的长相通常没有什么不同,但是弧独症患者的交流、互动、行为和学习方式可能与大多数人不同。结合文章还介绍了关于儿童越早被诊断出来孤独症,治疗效果就越好可推知,这篇文章可能来自医学杂志。故选D。  答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.B解析：1.推理判断题  第一段讲的是能快速减肥,结合作者在后问题到的“The results they produce are ... dangerous to health.”一些产品的效果得不到保证,甚至还会对健康带来影响。
2.推理判断题 由第四段“Often such products are nothing more than...promoters.”可知厂家生产此类商品除了赚钱别无他想。
3.推理判断题  由“a few years ago involved an ...reducing the waistline”可知这是一种用来瘦腰的仪器,但是对人体造成了危害。
 答案：1.D;2.D; 3.A
解析：1.推理判断题。根据前四段“May she grow up to be as intelligent as her mother.长大后一定像妈妈一样聪明”。“May she become a good hostess.一定成为好当家”。“May she be the most beautiful bride in Quanzhou.一定要成为泉州最美的新娘”。“She will be a famous authoress.一定会成为有名的作家”。May she + do sth.! 祝福她……!等等可知。
2.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句可知,如果她拿剑,就会成为英雄或首领。因为heroine不是生词,然后可以通过构词法去猜测由chief+tain组成的chieftain,这样就能确定D答案。
3.推理判断题。从最后一段But I didn’t mind. I was grown up. I was six years older than she. 可推出作者很豁达,故选A“包容的”。inspirational鼓舞人心的,给与灵感的。  答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.D
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Different groups of animals obviously developed this trait(特点)independently from others and that strongly indicates that it has to be of adaptive value.”以及第二段列举的例子可知,不同的动物群体明显地独立于其他动物发展出这种特殊的数字能力,这强烈地表明它必须具有适应性价值。由此可推知,动物具有的数字能力是为了生存需要。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段Honeybees, for instance…; Also, for example, male frogs sing “advertisement” calls to attract females. ;第三段Wolves are more…和deer tend to live in large herds…可知,文章中作者是通过列举honeybees, frogs, wolves, deer这些例子来说明的。故选C。
3.推理判断题。阅读文章,并根据最后一段Despite these many examples of numerical competence in animals, this subject has not gotten many first-hand studies. 可知,本文讲述最近一项研究,动物不仅具有理解数字的能力,而且这一能力还对它们的日常生活有着巨大的影响,所以本文应该选自一篇研究论文。故选D。  答案： 1.D; 2.B
解析： 1.推理判断题.根据文章第二段的句子They celebrate that which is uniquely human - meaning and creativity - and that which should be the main business of humans in the first place.可知,在以人为中心的经济中,机器解放了人们对创造力和意义的探索.故选D.
2.推理判断题.根据第四段的 Philosophers such as Sanders Pierce and design thinkers such as Roger Martin have long suggested the ability of human minds to perform leaps of logic to get to creative solutions. 桑德斯•皮尔斯(Sanders Pierce)等哲学家和罗杰•马丁(Roger Martin)等设计思想家长期以来一直认为,人类的思维有能力执行逻辑跳跃,从而获得创造性的解决方案.可知,斯图尔特•考夫曼很可能同意逻辑的飞跃将人类与机器区分开来.故选B.