专题07 动词时态与语态 备战2020年中考英语语法专题加餐练

这是一份专题07 动词时态与语态 备战2020年中考英语语法专题加餐练，共14页。试卷主要包含了动词时态的分类及其应用，时态的判断，被动语态的分类及构成，完形填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点一、动词时态的分类及其应用
时态（表现在实义动词的形式变化上
时态名称
及物动词必须跟宾语
不及物动词不直跟宾语
谓动的表现形式
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
★过去将来时
现在完成时
★过去完成时
d/第三人称单数形式des
did（谓语动词用过去式）
（am/ is/ are）be+ding
was/were+ding
will+d（动词原形）
wuld+d（动词原形）
have/(第三人称用has)+dne
had+dne(过去分词)
需要（有实在意义）
有明显的时间标志
用法
表示平时经常或习惯性动作
某次过去做某事
现在正在做某事
过去正在做某事
现在将要做某事
过去将要做某事
到现在已经做某事
到过去已经做某事
1、一般现在时的用法
1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I leave hme fr schl at 7 every mrning.
2) 表示普遍真理，客观存在，科学事实。如：The earth mves arund the sun.
2、一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。如：Where did yu g just nw?
2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。如：When I was a child, I ften played ftball in the street.
3、现在进行时
1) 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。如：We are waiting fr yu.
2)表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。如：Mr. Green is writing anther nvel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
3)短暂性动词的进行时一定表示将来的含义。如：We are arriving at Lndn.
4、过去进行时
1)过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的状语连用。如：What were yu ding at nine last night? 昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么?
2)过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。如：Frm 1983 t 1998 , he was teaching at Yale .从1983到1998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。
5、一般将来时
1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。
2)will d
表示主观意愿做某事。如：I will see a mvie this mrning.
表示客观的不以人的意志为转移的客观将来。如：Fish will die withut water.
3) be ging t +d
表示计划，安排要发生的事。如：The play is ging t be prduced next mnth。
6、过去将来时
立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。如：Wang Lei said that she was ging t visit her uncle next Saterday。
7、现在完成时
1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：I have finished my hmewrk. 我做完家庭作业了。(过去某时开始做，到现在已完成。)
2)表示：过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能继续下去。如：I have studied English fr six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。
8、过去完成时
1)以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 如：As sn as we gt t the statin, the train had left.
考点二、时态的判断
时态判断
时态类型
时间状语
一般现在时
ften,never every day等
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在完成时
ag, yesterday, last week, in 1989
nw, these days
at this/ that time yesterday
tmrrw, next year
the next day/ year/ week
s far,in the past years,,since
标志
频率/真理/时间条件状
yesterday, just nw,when+从句
lk, listen与频度副词连用
when+过去进行时
in+时间段
常用于宾语从句中
already,yet,ever,never,befre,fr
过去完成时
by yesterday/then/the end f
befre/ by+过去进行时
考点三、被动语态的分类及构成
定义:英语动词有两种语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者它有各种时态。。
构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（助动词有人称，时态和数的变化）。
被动语态的用法：
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：This kind f car is made in Shanghai.
2.没必要指出动作的执行者。如：Rice is grwn in suthern China.
3.需要强调动作的执行者。如：The man is caught by the plice.
4.动作的发出者不是人。如：The tree was blwn dwn by the strng wind.
被动语态（表现在谓语动词的形式变化上
及物动词有被动语态
不及物动词不直跟宾语
谓动的表现形式
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在完成时
过去完成时
am / is / are + dne（过去分词）
was / were + dne
am/ is/ are + being + dne
was/ were + being + dne
will + be dne
wuld + be dne
have/ has + been + dne
had + been + dne
需要（表示被动）
用于强调
用法
表示平时经常或习惯性动作
某事过去被做
某事现在正在被做
某事过去正在被做
某事将要被做
某事过去将要某事
某事到现在已经被做
某事到过去已经被做
时态名称
★含有情态动词
某事可能、必须被做
情态动词+ be+ dne
主动语态变为被动语态的一般变化，通常分三步：
1把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词形式，时态要与原句保持一致。3把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。例：My sister invited me t her dinner party.→I was invited (by my sister) t her dinner party.
注意：1.固定短语在构成被动语态形式时，后面的介词或副词要保留。Yu shuld take gd care f yur sister.→ Yur sister shuld be taken gd care f.
2.主动语态中感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch, ntice等) 以及使役动词（make, let等）后跟省略t的不定式，在被动语态中必须还原t。如：I ften see him play basketball.
→He is ften seen t play basketball (by me).
3.带有双宾语的动词变成被动语态时，若将直接宾语变为主语，则应在间接宾语前加t或fr。如：He shwed me a nice pht.→I was shwn a nice pht.或 A nice pht was shwn t me.
4.带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：We always keep ur schl clean and tidy.
→Our schl is always kept clean and tidy. 如：
5.以wh为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whm放在句首。如：Wh wrte the stry?→By whm was the stry written?或→Wh was the stry written by?
6.不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。如：When we gt t the tp f the muntain, the sun had already risen.
7.宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，Ving形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语。如：I taught myself math. We help each ther.
一、选择填空
1. A mther wh ________ her sn will d everything fr his happiness.
A. is lving B. lves C. lved D. has lved
2. Lk at Jhn! What ________ ?
A. des he B. he is ding C. is he ding D. des he d
3. He ________ hme fr nearly three weeks.
A. has gne away frm B. has left C. has been away frm D. went away frm
4. Since yu dn't want t g, I ________ alne.
A. will g B. g C. went D. have gne
5.They wanted t knw when they ________ have an examinatin.
A. had gne t B. were ging t C. wuld be ging D. had been ging
6. He ________ ut when smebdy called at his ffice.
A. has just gne B. had just gne C. just went D. just nw went
7._____ a new library _____ in ur schl last year?
A. Is，built B. Was , built C. Des ; build D . Did ; build
8.Cttn ____ in the sutheast f China.
A. is grwn B. are grwn C. grws D. grw
9.S far, the mn ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited
10.A talk n Chinese histry _____ in the schl hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
11.A lt f things ____ by peple t save the little girl nw.
A. are ding B. are being dne C. has been dne D. will be dne
12.Older peple ____ well.
A. lks after B. must be lked after C. must lk after D. lked after
13.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A. shuld be listened t B. shuld be listen C. be listened D. is listened
14.It was reprted that the murderer _______ arrested.
A. has been B. had been C. has D. had
15.Great changes _____ in China since the Peple’s Republic f China _______ in 1949.
A. have taken place; was funded B. has taken place; was funded
C. have been taken place; funded D. tk place; funded
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.N cuntry______ (make) such great prgress as China in the thirty years.
2.The little girl will give the flwer t the her when he ______ (appear).
3.He said that he ______ (cme) back in five minutes.
4.My brther likes English very much, and he ______ (practice) reading every mrning.
5.The ld car ______ (prduce) in Germany in 1960S.
6.The dr f the classrm must ______ (lck) mre beautiful.
7.He said he______ (g) t visit the writer.
said he wuld call us as sn as he______ (arrive) in Beijing the next day.
9.He met many prblems while he ______ (g) ver his lessns.
10.I didn’t knw that yu ______ (be) in the rm.
11.I hpe that everything ______ (be) ready tmrrw.
12.Mr,Wang ______ (wrk) in the factry since it pened in 1995.
13.the children ______ (watch) TV when the mther came in.
14.Of all the rubbish abut 35 percent can (recycle).
15.I dn’t aliens can (find) in space.
三、词语运用
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
Can animals 1____ t wrk fr us ? Sme scientists think that ne day animals may be taught t d a number f simple jbs. They 2____ that in a film r n TV we may 3____ elephants , mnkeys ,dgs ,bears ,r ther animals ding a lt f things .If yu 4_____ carefully , yu may find that thse animals are 5____ smething t eat in return fr ding them . The scientists say that many different animals may 6____ t d a number f simple jbs if they 7____ smething t eat .
Of curse, as we knw , dgs can be used t guard a huse ,and elephants can be used t d sme heavy jb. And we can als teach animals t wrk in factries. Apes ,fr example 8____ in America t help make cars and scientists 9_____ that these mnkeys may ne day 10____ in crps and even drive trains .
四、完形填空
It was a sunny Sunday afternn. Jhn’s parents were nt in. Jhn ___1___ t g t the Happy Theater t watch a talent shw, s he ___2___ hme. Only Barky, Jhn’s pet dg stayed at hme. Just after Jhn left, a bad man ___3___ the windw, and then he ___4___ int the huse thrugh it. He ___5___ fr expensive things in the rms. He fund sme mney in the bx. He __6___ the mney, but as he ___7___, he heard a dg’s barking(叫声). He lked arund and fund Barky lking at him angrily. He was very scared. Barky ___8___ him when Jhn came hme. Jhn let Barky sit dwn and tld the bad man ludly, “ Cme with me t the plice statin, r Barky will bite yu!” S the bad man had t ___9___ Jhn with Barky clse behind. A pliceman cuffed(铐) the bad man after Jhn ___10___ him the thing. Barky had a talent fr watching the huse. But the bad man didn’t knw.
1. A. decide B. decided C. think D. hpe
2. A. left B. stayed C. reached D. waited
3. A. killed B. acted C. tuched D. brke
4. A. cme B. came C.g D. will g
5. A. began lking B. begin lking C. began thinking D. began t lk
6. A. get ut B. tk ut C. take ut D. will take
7. A. was leaving B. will leaving C. left D. was ging
8. A. was bitten B. is ging t bite C. was ging t bite D. was biteing
9. A. help B. bring C. jin D. fllw
10. A.said B. spke C. tld D. talked
参考答案：
一、1—5BCCAB 6—10BBACC 11—15BBABA
二、1. has.made 2. appear 3.wuld cme 4.practices 5.was prduced 6.be lcked 7.wuld g 8.arrived 9.was ging 10.were 11.will be 12.has wrked 13.were watching 14.be recycled 15.be fund
三、1.be made 2.say, 3.see 4.watch 5.given 6.be taught 7.will get 8.have been used, 9.believe 10.get
四、1—5BADBA 6—10BACDCget use say believe get make taught see watch give