2021高考英语二轮专题复习专题强化练十三完形填空之说明文议论文

专题强化练(十三)　完形填空之说明文、议论文

A

Number sense is not the ability to count.It is the ability to recognize a__1__in number. Human beings are born with this ability.__2__，experiments show that many animals are，too.For example，many birds have good number sense.If a nest has four eggs and you remove one，the bird will not__3__．However，if you remove two，the bird__4__leaves.This means that the bird knows the__5__between two and three.

Another interesting experiment  showed  a  bird's__6__ number sense.A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower，but the crow always left when she saw him coming.The bird did not__7__until the man left the tower. The man had an__8__．He took another man with him to the tower.One man left and the other stayed，but they did not__9__the bird.The crow stayed away until the second man left，too.The experiment was __10__with three men and then with four men.But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were__11__．It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were__12__able to fool the crow.

How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good.For example，babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a__13__group.But when the number goes beyond three or four，the children are__14__fooled.

It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world，and that our human__15__is not much better than a crow's.

1．A.rise　　　　　 B．pattern

C．change   D．trend

2．A.Importantly   B．Surprisingly

C．Disappointedly   D．Fortunately

3．A.survive   B．care

C．hatch    D．notice

4．A.generally    B．sincerely

C．casually    D．deliberately

5．A.distance   B．range

C．difference    D．interval

6．A.amazing    B．annoying

C．satisfying   D．disturbing

7．A.relax    B．recover

C．react     D．return

8．A.appointment   B．excuse

C．idea    D．explanation

9．A.fool   B．hurt

C．catch   D．kill

10．A.reported    B．repeated

C．designed    D．approved

11．A.confused   B．gone

C．tired   D．drunk

12．A.gradually   B．luckily

C．strangely   D．finally

13．A.single   B．small

C．local   D．new

14．A.seldom    B．temporarily

C．merely    D．often

15．A.sight    B．nature

C．ability    D．belief

【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。讲述什么是数字感之后重点介绍有关动物也具有数字感的实验，实验结果表明许多动物和人一样具有数字感，且人的这种感知数字变化的能力并不比乌鸦的这种能力强多少。

1．解析：由下文的两个实验来看，都是数字的“变化”。故选C项。

答案：C

2．解析：由句意“实验表明许多动物也跟人类一样具有这种能力”，可知这是“令人惊讶的”，故选B。

答案：B

3．解析：结合下句，特别是However可知，上下句的大意应是“如果鸟巢内有四个蛋，你移走一个蛋，这只鸟会没有注意到；然而，如果你移走两个蛋，这只鸟就会离开这里了”。故选D。

答案：D

4．解析：这只鸟“通常”会离开，因为这个具体的例子是用来说明“many birds have good number sense”这个主题的。故选A。

答案：A

5．解析：这个例子谈到，四个中移走一个余下三个，这只鸟不会注意到；若移走两个，余下两个，这只鸟就会离开这里了。这说明这只鸟知道余下两个与余下三个的“差别”。故选C。

答案：C

6．解析：与上文中good number sense(良好的数字感)中的good相对应．也与第2题的答案surprisingly相对，故选“amazing(令人惊异的)”，近义复现。

答案：A

7．解析：与left相对，“离开”“返回”这两者也叫同现；与下文中“return to the nest”的return是原词复现。

答案：D

8．解析：从下文看，这个人有了一个“主意”或想了一个“办法”。故选C。

答案：C

9．解析：由but可知，他们并没能够“欺骗”那只乌鸦。与下文“fool the crow”中的fool是原词复现，故选A。

答案：A

10．解析：该实验先由一个人去接近那只乌鸦，然后又带一个人即共两个人去做这个实验，接着三个人、四个人去“重复”做这个实验。故选B。

答案：B

11．解析：那只乌鸦直到所有人都“不在了，消失了”才会回来。

答案：B

12．解析：前面已分别由一个人、二个人、三个人、四个人重复做了四次了，直到五个人进了塔走了四个，即还有一个在塔里，他们才“最终”欺骗了这只乌鸦。结合文章倒数第二段讲14个月大的婴儿在数量超过三四个之后就常常被欺骗，就可理解。

答案：D

13．解析：由下文“But when the number goes beyond three or four”可知，是指三四个以内的这样一“小”组东西。

答案：B

14．解析：由But可知，后文是表示与always notice相对的意思，当数量超过三四个以后，就“常常”能欺骗这些婴儿了。故选D。

答案：D

15．解析：由文章的首段或首句可知，本文在讲到人与动物具有数字感，即有辨别数字变化的“能力”。故选C。

答案：C

B

(2020·山东临沂高三检测)Most dogs have an easy life in the US.They eat，play，get attention from their__16__and sleep.But some dogs work hard.They are called guide dogs.Guide dogs help__17__people move from place to place safely.

Guide dogs and their owners are a team.Guide dogs don't lead the owners，and their owners don't__18__control the guide dogs.They work together.The guide dogs don't know where the owners want to go，so they__19__the owners' instructions.The owners can't see the obstacles(障碍物) along the way，so the dogs make decisions for the__20__of the owners.Guide dogs stop at all crossroads before __21__ a street.They don't see color，so they don't know if the light is red or green.The owners decided if it is time to cross the street by listening to the sound of__22__．The dogs help the owners get on a bus or train.They learn to__23__many tasks.    

Most guide dogs are very intelligent and friendly.A guide dog needs to work__24__distraction (分心) in noisy places，bad weather，crowds of people，and__25__situations.When you see a guide dog，it is important that you__26__that the dog needs to focus on its job.Don't pat or talk to the dog.Guiding is very difficult，and it requires a dog's full__27__．

Guide dog training lasts about five months.Only about 72 percent of dogs that enter the training program “graduate”．Those that graduate bring their owners valuable__28__and love.In other dog training programs，trainers use food as a reward.In guide dog training，the trainers don't use food.They use physical affection(爱抚)．This is__29__a guide dog sometimes takes the owner to a restaurant.It must lie__30__at the owner's feet without wanting to eat.

16．A.owners   B．receivers

C．agents   D．companions

17．A.annoyed   B．blind

C．numb    D．deaf          

18．A.obviously   B．exactly

C．completely   D．immediately

19．A.follow    B．reflect

C．desire   D．contradict

20．A.preference   B．conduct

C．comfort   D．safety

21．A.crossing    B．observing

C．diving   D．leaving

22．A.music    B．dogs

C．traffic   D．steps

23．A.leave alone   B．dry out

C．set aside   D．carry out

24．A.beyond    B．against

C．over     D．without

25．A.pleasant   B．simple

C．difficult   D．awful

26．A.recognize   B．declare

C．recommend    D．distribute

27．A.attention   B．dignity

C．enterprise   D．concept

28．A.bonus    B．certificate

C．relationship   D．help

29．A.when     B．because 

C．why     D．how

30．A.quickly    B．carefully

C．patiently   D．gently

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了导盲犬的相关知识与注意事项。

16．解析：考查名词。句意：他们吃、玩耍、从主人那里得到关注、睡觉。owner“主人，所有者”；receiver“接收者”；agent“代理人，经纪人”；companion“同伴，伙伴”。

答案：A

17．解析：考查形容词。导盲犬应该是帮助盲人的。annoyed“恼怒的”；blind“失明的”；numb“麻木的，失去知觉的”；deaf“聋的”。

答案：B

18．解析：考查副词。根据后文可知，导盲犬不能带领主人，主人也不能完全控制导盲犬，他们一起工作，是一个团队。obviously“显然地，明显地”；exactly“确切地”；completely“完全地，彻底地”；immediately“立刻，马上”。

答案：C

19．解析：考查动词。导盲犬不知道主人要去哪里，所以它们要听从主人的指示。follow the instructions“听从指示”。reflect“反映，反射”；desire“渴望，想要”；contradict“反驳”。

答案：A

20．解析：考查名词。主人看不到路上的障碍物，为了主人的安全，导盲犬做出相应的决定。preference“偏爱”；conduct“行为”；comfort“安慰”；safety“安全”。

答案：D

21．解析：考查非谓语动词。在穿过马路之前，导盲犬在十字路口停下来。cross“穿过”；observe“观察”；dive“潜水”；leave“离开”。   

答案：A

22．解析：考查名词。导盲犬不能分辨颜色，所以它们不知道交通信号灯是红色的还是绿色的。主人通过听车辆的声音来辨别是否可以过马路。music“音乐”；dog“狗”；traffic“交通，车辆”；step“步伐，脚步声”。

答案：C

23．解析：考查动词短语。它们学会执行许多任务。leave alone“不管”；dry out“(使)变干”；set aside“放在一边，省出”；carry out“执行”。

答案：D

24．解析：考查介词。导盲犬需要即使在一些吵闹的地方、坏天气下、人群中和困难的情况下工作，也不能分心。beyond“超出，超过”；against“反对”；over“超过，在上面”；without“没有”。

答案：D

25．解析：考查形容词。解析见上一题。pleasant“令人愉快的”；simple“简单的”；difficult“困难的”；awful“极讨厌的”。   

答案：C

26．解析：考查动词。根据后句“Don't pat or talk to the dog”可知，导盲犬工作时，你要意识到它需要专注于它的工作。recognize“认出，识别”；declare“宣布”；recommend“推荐”；distribute“分发，分销”。

答案：A

27．解析：考查名词。给人领路是很困难的，并且它需要狗的全部注意力。attention“注意，关注”；dignity“尊严，高贵”；enterprise“事业”；concept“概念”。

答案：A

28．解析：考查名词。那些训练毕业的导盲犬带给它们的主人珍贵的帮助和爱。bonus“红利，奖金”；certificate“证书”；relationship“关系”；help“帮助”。

答案：D

29．解析：考查连接词。这是因为导盲犬有时带主人去餐厅。when“当……时候”；because“因为”；why“为什么”；how“如何，怎么样”。

答案：B

30．解析：考查副词。它必须耐心地躺在主人脚边，而不吃东西。quickly“迅速地”；carefully“仔细地”；patiently“耐心地”；gently“温柔地”。

答案：C

C

In the past，people used to make clothes and do repairs on things in the house more than nowadays.I think the difference between then and now has been__31__by a number of reasons such as the quantity of other__32__，the differences in jobs and in lifestyles，etc.

In the past，after people finished their workdays，it was still__33__and they didn't have too many other activities to do，__34__they spent their free time doing some repairs and many women used to make clothes (Most of them didn't even have a job)．Nowadays，__35__，a large number of women work and both men and women have to deal with the pressures of work and they usually work__36__hours，so they have little time to do repairs or make clothes themselves.

Another reason that has led to this__37__is that people have less and less time for a__38__that requires a lot of time.And when their hobby needs some knowledge，they have little time to learn it.Because everything that they want to__39__is more technical and complicated than before，doing repairs takes up too much__40__and people nearly always have to turn to a qualified technician.

Besides，traditions are being lost because people learn traditions from their__41__when they are young，but nowadays，young people have too many hobbies like sports，video games，computers，cinemas，amusement parks，chat rooms and__42__spend any of their free time__43__their parents.

__44__，globalization and the great technical advances in the home are also contributing factors，so this situation is__45__around the world.

31．A.planned    B．allowed

C．caused   D．noted

32．A.habits   B．thoughts

C．activities   D．judgments

33．A.special   B．hot

C．normal    D．early

34．A.but    B．so

C．if     D．because

35．A.however   B．therefore

C．otherwise   D．besides

36．A.flexible   B．long

C．difficult    D．happy

37．A.mistake    B．relationship

C．idea     D．situation

38．A.job     B．dream

C．hobby    D．meeting

39．A.fix   B．buy

C．copy    D．check

40．A.luck    B．power

C．courage    D．time

41．A.teachers   B．friends

C．neighbors     D．parents

42．A.hardly    B．usually

C．actually    D．completely

43．A.looking after    B．learning from

C．cheering for   D．knowing about

44．A.After all    B．At least

C．For example    D．At last

45．A.happening   B．passing

C．disappearing    D．serving

【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要探讨了现代社会的人们不再像以前的人们那样经常在家做衣服和修理物品的原因。

31．解析：在下文中，作者列举了导致(cause)现代人不像过去的人们那样自己做衣服和修理物品的几个原因。

答案：C

32．解析：由第二段中的“they didn't have too may other activities to do”可知，此处介绍的影响因素是活动(activities)的数量。

答案：C

33．解析：由下文中的“they spent their free time doing some repairs and many women...”可知，过去，人们下班之后天色还早(early)，因为没有其他事情可做，所以(so)他们在空闲时间修理物品和做衣服。

答案：D

34．解析：解析参见上题。

答案：B

35．解析：上文中的“Most of them didn't even have a job”和下文中的“a large number of women work”构成转折关系，因此应用however。

答案：A

36．解析：由下文中的“so they have little time to do repairs or make clothes themselves”可知，他们需要工作很长(long)时间。

答案：B

37．解析：本空指现代的人们不再像以前的人们那样经常自己做衣服和修理物品的这种情况(situation)。

答案：D

38．解析：由下文中的“their hobby”可知此题选C。

答案：C

39．解析：由下文中的“doing repairs takes up too much...”可知，此处表示：你想修理(fix)的东西变得更专业、更复杂。

答案：A

40．解析：由上文中的“requires a lot of time”可知，做修理工作会花费很多时间(time)。

答案：D

41．解析：由下文中的“their parents”可知此题选D。

答案：D

42．解析：由上文中的“have too many hobbies”可知，他们几乎没有(hardly)花时间向他们的父母学习传统技艺。

答案：A

43．解析：由上文中的“people learn traditions”可知，此处指向父母学习(learning from)传统技艺。

答案：B

44．解析：由上文中的“Besides”及下文中的“are also contributing factors”可知，此处指“最后”，故选D。

答案：D

45．解析：由上文中的“globalization and the great technical advances”可知，这种情况在全世界范围都有发生(happening)。

答案：A