2021高考英语二轮专题复习专题强化练五阅读理解之主旨大意题Ⅰ

专题强化练(五)　阅读理解之主旨大意题(Ⅰ)

A

(2020·山东夏季高考模拟)Heads up！Across the country，sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes.Now，the American Medical Association(AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions—serious injuries caused by a blow to the head.

“By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring that appropriate guidelines are in place，we can reduce the number of young athletes who may return to the game too soon，which can put their health at further risk，”said AMA Board Member Jack Resneck Jr.，M.D.，in a statement.   

The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible.Then，they are only to return to their sport with a doctor's written approval.The policy also sets age­specific rules for health care professionals and athletic organizations in evaluating and caring for concussions.   

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)，a concussion is a type of traumatic (创伤的) brain injury caused by a bump，blow，or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth.This type of movement can cause the brain to bounce or twist inside the skull (颅骨)．It can damage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain.

The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused by sports and recreation­related activities occur in the U．S.every year.A study from the Center for Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40% of high school athletes return to playing before they should.The AMA's new guidelines should help to bring those numbers down.

1．Why does the AMA set the new guidelines?

A．To raise safety standards of sports.

B．To protect athletes from concussions.

C．To set rules for health care evaluation.

D．To help players return to the game quickly.

2．What should young athletes who may have a concussion do?

A．Avoid using the head.

B．Leave the field forever.

C．Get medical treatment in time.

D．Switch to another sport.

3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．What a concussion is.

B．What causes damage to brain cells.

C．How the CDC works.

D．How a concussion can be prevented.

4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．Rules for Safer Play

B．Sports Injuries in the US

C．Advice to Athletes

D．New Policies for Doctors

【语篇解读】　本文为新闻报道。文章介绍了为保护运动员免受脑震荡的威胁，美国医学协会制定了一套新的指导方针。

1．解析：事实细节题。根据文章第一段“Now，the American Medical Association (AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions”可知答案为B项。

答案：B

2．解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句话可知，年轻运动员在头部受伤后应立即离开运动场地。后面讲到只有经过医生的书面批准才能回归，故选C项。

答案：C

3．解析：段落大意题。第四段第一句话说明了什么是“concussions”；第二句话和第三句话指出了其造成的危害。故选A项。

答案：A

4．解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，现在美国医学协会制定了一套新的指导方针，旨在保护运动员免受脑震荡的威胁。故选A项。

答案：A

B

(2020·广州高三模拟)Chinese­language teacher Xie Fang is excited that one of her former students from Indonesia has been admitted to Beijing Language and Culture University.The 19­year ­old student，Alvin Rizqi Adrian，achieved his dream of studying in China with a scholarship provided by the Chinese government.      

Xie met the boy five years ago when she was selected to teach Chinese at Budi Utama Three Languages National School in Yogyakarta，Indonesia.The school，founded in 2006 by local Chinese，teaches in three languages—Indonesian，English and Chinese.The school has more than 970 primary，middle and high students，half of whom have Chinese ancestry.

Xie taught students to speak and comprehend Chinese during her year at the school.“Most Indonesian children start to learn Chinese after they enter primary school，”Xie said.“But the textbooks from Singapore seemed relatively difficult for them at that stage.” Xie modified the content of the textbooks to make it easier and more interesting for the Indonesian children to learn Chinese.

One student in particular，Alvin Rizqi Adrian，impressed Xie a great deal.“At that time，he was a middle school student.He was so interested in Chinese that he worked very hard to learn and practice，” she said.Since 2004，Guangdong has sent 1，000 Chinese teachers to more than 30 Chinese schools in 10 countries and regions.

Indonesia has the largest number of Chinese teachers sent from Guangdong，who mainly work in kindergartens，schools and universities founded by overseas Chinese.They usually spend one to two years on the foreign assignment.“Those days in Indonesia made me feel very appreciated.The local people have respect for Chinese teachers，”Xie said.She keeps in touch with her Indonesian students through the Internet.“If I had the opportunity to go to Indonesia to teach again，I would be very happy to see the children improve their Chinese，”Xie said.

5．What made the Chinese­language teacher Xie Fang happy?

A．She realized her dream to teach in Indonesia.

B．One of her former students will graduate soon.

C．She can serve overseas Chinese in 3 languages.

D．Alvin Rizqi Adrian has been admitted to study in China.

6．What does the underlined word “modified” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Beautified.   B．Improved.

C．Invented.   D．Studied.

7．We can infer that Adrian is special because he is________．

A．practical   B．sensitive

C．diligent    D．reliable

8．Which of the following can be the best title of the news report?

A．Chinese Teacher Helps Indonesian Realize His Dream

B．Adrian，an Indonesian，Has Achieved His Big Dream

C．Chinese­language Teachers，Academic Achievements

D．Local Indonesians Show Respect for Chinese Teachers

【语篇解读】　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了一位中文老师谢芳教授印尼孩子学习中文，并帮助一名印尼学生实现了他在中国学习的梦想的事情。

5．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Chinese­language teacher Xie Fang is excited that one of her former students from Indonesia has been admitted to Beijing Language and Culture University.”可知中文老师谢芳很高兴她的一名印尼学生被北京语言大学录取了。由文章可知，Alvin Rizqi Adrian已获准在中国学习，让语文老师谢芳高兴。故选D。

答案：D

6．解析：词义猜测题。根据后文“the content of the textbooks to make it easier and more interesting for the Indonesian children to learn Chinese.”可知，使印尼孩子学习汉语更容易，更有趣。所以应是谢芳改进了教科书。根据上下文语境可知画线单词意思为“改进”。故选B。

答案：B

7．解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“At that time，he was a middle school student.He was so interested in Chinese that he worked very hard to learn and practice...”(那时，他还是一名中学生。他对中文非常感兴趣，所以他非常努力地学习和练习)由此可推知，Adrian很特别，因为他很勤奋。故选C。

答案：C

8．解析：主旨大意题。本文主要说明了一位中文老师谢芳教授印尼孩子学习中文，并帮助一名印尼学生实现了他在中国学习梦想的事情。故A选项“中文老师帮助印尼人实现梦想”符合文章标题，故选A。

答案：A

C

(2020·深圳高三统一测试)Rivers are the veins of the Earth，transporting the water and nutrients (营养物) needed to support the planet's ecosystems，including human life.While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life，there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet—carbon.  

Carbon is everywhere and understanding the way it moves and is either released or stored by the Earth system is a complex science in itself.Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural acid rain，which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere，melts minerals in rocks.This helps transform carbon dioxide to bicarbonate (碳酸氢盐) in the water that then flows in our rivers.This is a very long process，which is one of the main ways carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere.Carbon is transported by rivers to oceans and once that carbon reaches the ocean，it is stored naturally in deep sea sediments (沉淀物) for millions of years.

As carbon travels down a river，different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere.For example，human engineering，like extensive dam construction，will result in dramatic changes to how water and sediments travel down the river.Some carbon that fails to reach the sea may return to the atmosphere in some way，which causes more warming.

Earth's climate is closely related to the carbon cycle.We all know about the essential role of plants in consuming carbon dioxide，but do we know enough about rivers? Changing the chemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon.Remember：wherever we live，we all live downstream.

9．Where is the carbon in rivers originally from?

A．The atmosphere.    B．The rocks.

C．The acid rain.   D．The upstream areas.

10．Why is human engineering mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A．To show how important to life carbon is.

B．To explain how necessary it is to build dams.

C．To show how a natural process is interrupted.

D．To explain how humans fight global warming.

11．What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?

A．We'd better move upstream to live.

B．We should protect plants along rivers.

C．We'd better seek more help from plants.

D．We should be cautious about river management.

12．What is the best title for the text?

A．What Humans Do with Rivers

B．How Rivers' Transporting Carbon Counts

C．What the Carbon Cycle Means to Us

D．How Living Downstream Affects the Earth

【语篇解读】　本文指出，河流运输的碳对整个生态系统至关重要。人类不应该擅自改变水流的方向，因为这种行为会对整个生态系统产生巨大的影响。

9．解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural acid rain，which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere，melts minerals in rocks.”可知，河里的碳最开始来自大气中。故选A。

答案：A

10．解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句“As carbon travels down a river，different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere.”可知，第三段提到人类工程学是为了表明自然的过程是怎样被打断的。故选C。

答案：C

11．解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Changing the chemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon.”可知，作者在最后一段想要表达的是：我们应该对河流管理持一种谨慎的态度。故选D。

答案：D

12．解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段第二句“While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life，there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet—carbon.”可知，文章主要介绍的是由河流运输的碳的重要性。How Rivers' Transporting Carbon Counts概括了文章的主要内容，故B为答案。

答案：B