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人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection导学案
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这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection导学案，共16页。
联合国(UN)一份报告发现，各国未能采取必要行动以避免气候变化带来的最坏影响。除非各国政府紧急出台额外的措施，否则将无法履行在2015年《巴黎协定》(Paris Agreement)中作出的承诺。
The UN says the wrld must reduble its effrts r it'll face catastrphic① climate change.
Cuntries are failing t take actin needed t avid the wrst effects f climate change, a UN reprt has fund, and the cmmitments made in the 2015 Paris Agreement will nt be met unless gvernments intrduce additinal measures as a matter f urgency②. Greenhuse gas emissins cntinued their lngterm rise last year, accrding t the UN, but they culd be brught under cntrl. There are prmising signs, such as investment frm the private sectr in renewable energy and ther technlgies t cut carbn, but these are currently insufficient t meet scientific advice.
Gunnar Luderer, ne f the authrs f the UN reprt and senir scientist at the Ptsdam Institute fr Climate Impact Research in Germany, said：“There is still a tremendus③ gap between wrds and deeds, between the targets agreed by gvernments and the measures t achieve these gals. Only a
rapid turnrund④ here can help. Emissins must be reduced by a quarter by 2030 and fr 1.5 ℃， emissins wuld have t be halved.”
New taxes n fssil fuels, investment in clean technlgy and much strnger gvernment plicies t bring dwn emissins are likely t be necessary. Gvernments must als stp subsidising⑤ fssil fuels, directly and indirectly, the UN said. In all, a dubling f effrt may be needed t keep warming t less than 2℃， meeting scientific advice n staving ff⑥ the mst dangerus effects f climate change. Jyce Msuya, executive directr f the UN Envirnment Prgramme, said：“The science is clear; fr all the ambitius climate actin we've seen, gvernments need t mve faster and with greater urgency. We're feeding this fire, while the means t put it ut are within reach.”
【注释】
①catastrphic adj. 灾难性的
②urgency n. 紧迫
③tremendus adj. 巨大的
④turnrund n. 好转；起色；转机；转变
⑤subsidise vt. 给……补贴
⑥stave ff 挡开；避开
Sectin Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________ n. 生态；生态学
2．________ vt. & n. 排放；释放；发布
3．________ n. 燃料；刺激性言行
4．________ adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的
5．________ adj. 世界各地的；影响全世界的
adv. 遍及全球地
6．________ n. 趋势；趋向；动向
7．________ vt. & vi. (过去式________，过去分词________)播送；广播；传播
n. 广播节目；电视节目
8．________ n. 政策；方针；原则
9．________ n. 足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________vi. & vt. (使)挨饿；饿死→________n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死
2．habitable adj. ________→________ n. (动植物的)生活环境；栖息地
3．sustain vt. ________→________adj. 可持续的；合理利用的
4．frequently adv. ________→________ adj. 频繁的→________ n. 频率
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．graph n. ____________
2．emissin n. ____________
3．melt vi. & vt. ____________
4．seal n. ____________
5．eclgy n. ____________
6．methane n. ____________
7．carbn n. ____________
8．dixide n. ____________
carbn dixide ________
9．fssil n. ____________
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．____________ 瘦得皮包骨，瘦骨嶙峋
2．____________ 对……有影响
3．____________ 查阅；提到
4．____________ 导致
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．________________________________________________________________________
毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。
2．An expert wh has studied plar bears fr many years said that frm the psitin f its dead bdy, the bear appeared __________________.
一位多年研究北极熊的专家说，从北极熊尸体所处位置来看，它看起来是死于饥饿。
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What d yu knw abut the plar bear fund?
A．Only bnes f the dead bdy remained.
B．It died because f the effects f climate change.
C．Its skin was seriusly injured in a way.
D．It culdn't adapt t the envirnment n Svalbard.
2．Hw des the “natural” greenhuse effect wrk?
①Heat is sent back t Earth.
②The sun gives Earth heat thrugh the atmsphere.
③Earth's surface becmes warm.
④Greenhuse gases trap sme heat.
A．①→②→③→④ B．②→③→①→④
C．②→①→④→③ D．④→②→③→①
3．Why d the climate scientists give a warning?
A．Because they dn't want t find mre dead animals.
B．Because news reprts deal with climate change wrngly.
C．Because climate change has brught disasters.
D．Because they have fund mre evidence.
4．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．It is impssible t cntrl carbn dixide emissins.
B．Greenhuse gas emissins are the mst serius prblem nw.
C．Our planet will nt be habitable fr humans t live n.
D．Gvernments and individuals shuld wrk tgether t prtect Earth.
►第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1.shcked adj. 惊愕的，受震惊的
(1)be shcked at/by sth. 对某事感到震惊
be shcked t d sth. 对做某事感到震惊
(2)shck v. 使震惊，使惊愕
n. 令人震惊的事；震惊；休克；
(由爆炸、地震等引起的)剧烈震动
It shcks sb. t see/hear... 看到/听到……使某人震惊
(3)shcking adj. 令人气愤的；令人震惊的
❶The newcmers were shcked at the terrible wrking cnditins.
新来的人对这么差的工作条件感到很震惊。
❷I was shcked t hear that he had resigned.
听到他辞职的消息，我感到震惊。
[即学即练] 一句多译
他的母亲听到这个消息感到震惊。
①His mther ______________________ the news.
②It ________________________ t hear the news.
语境助记
Peple were shcked t knw that the little girl was badly injured in an accident. The shcking news shcked all the peple arund, which was als a shck t her father wh was wrking abrad.
获知这个小女孩在事故中严重受伤了，人们很震惊。这个惊人的消息震惊了周围所有的人，同时对在国外工作的小女孩的父亲也是一个打击。
2.remain(1)vi.剩余，遗留，继续存在；逗留，不离去；仍需去做(或说、处理)
(2)linking verb(连系动词)仍然是，保持不变。其后可跟名词、形容词、ving、过去分词、介词短语等。
remain t be dne 尚待……，有待……
There remain/remains... 还有……
It remains t be seen... ……尚不确定/说不准。(It为形式主语)
❶Very little f the huse remained after the fire.
火灾之后，这座房子所剩无几。
❷He will have t remain in hspital fr at least 10 days.
他至少得在医院里待10天。
❸Much remains t be dne.还有很多事要去做。
❹It remains t be seen whether the peratin is successful r nt.
手术是否成功，还有待观察。
❺There remains a certain dubt amng peple as t the practical value f the prject.
关于这个项目的实用价值，人们还是有一些疑虑。
❻Sme data in the reprt shw that reading remains a big part f many children's lives.
这份报告中的一些数据显示，阅读仍然占据着许多孩子生活的一大部分。
❼Whatever great prgress yu've made, yu shuld remain mdest.
无论你取得了多么大的进步，你都应该保持谦虚。
❽She remains wrking at night.她晚上还在工作。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little f the riginal building ________ (remain) nw.
②________ remains t be seen whether Jim will be fit enugh t take part in the cmpetitin.
③This painting was cmpleted in 1888 and is ne f the nly fur ________ (remain) pieces in the wrld.
④Whether we can raise enugh mney t carry ut the prject remains ____________(discuss)．
归纳拓展
remains n．[pl.]剩余物，剩饭菜；遗迹；遗骸
remaining adj.留下的，剩余的；还需处理的(常用作前置定语)
They were cleaning up the remains f their picnic.他们正在打扫野餐的残余物。
The remaining twenty patients were transferred t anther hspital.剩余的二十名病人被转送到另一家医院去了。
3.starve v．(使)挨饿，饿死；渴望；急切想要
(1)starve t death 饿死
starve sb. int (ding) sth. 断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事
(2)starve fr 渴望……
starve t d sth. 渴望做某事
be starved f... 缺乏……；渴望……
(3)starvatin n．饥饿，挨饿，饿死
❶The explrers starved t death in the desert.探险者们在沙漠中饿死了。
❷They starved their enemies int giving in.他们断绝敌人的食物来源以迫使他们屈服。
❸Children all starve fr lve and friendship.孩子们都渴望得到爱和友谊。
❹The engine was starved f petrl and wuldn't start.
发动机缺油，发动不起来。
❺Millins f peple will face starvatin unless a vast emergency aid prgramme is launched.
若不启动大型紧急援助计划，数百万人将面临饥饿的威胁。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/用starve的相关短语完成句子
①These critical prgrammes that prvide fd access t residents in need are starving ________ bth vlunteers and dnatins.
②In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f whse purpses is t relieve wrldwide ________ (starve)．
③人们曾在一头饿死的鲸的胃里发现了大量塑料。
A lt f plastic was fund in the stmach f a whale which ____________.
④当地政府断绝了这个公司的资金来源以迫使它放弃那个工程。
The lcal gvernment ________ the cmpany ____________ the prject.
归纳拓展
表示“渴望(得到)……”的其他短语：
be thirsty fr
be hungry fr
be dying fr
be eager fr
be anxius fr
lng fr 4.increase (1)/In′kriːs/ vt. & vi.增加，(使)增长；(2)/′Inkriːs/n.[C，U]增长，增加
(1)increase t... 增加到……
increase by... 增加了……
increase 从……增加到……
(2)an increase in... ……方面的增加
be n the increase 在增加
❶Her weight has increased t 70 kils.
她的体重增加到了70公斤。
❷Fd prices increased by 10% in less than a year.
不到一年，食品价格就上涨了10%。
❸There was an increase in the twn's ppulatin.
这个城镇的人口有所增长。
❹The peple wh wn private cars are n the increase.
拥有私家车的人越来越多。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Over many years, there has been an increase ________ the ppulatin f twns in many cuntries.
②The new law has cme int effect, and the number f wild animals here is ________ the increase nw.
③我们学校的学生人数已经增长到了5 000。
________________________________________________________________________
④去年，这个城市的房屋均价下降了13%。
________________________________________________________________________
联想拓展
decrease vi. & vt. & n．[C，U]减少；降低
decrease t... 减少到……
decrease by... 减少了……
decrease 从……减少到……
be n the decrease 在减少
5.average (1)adj.平均的；普通的；(2)n.平均数
with an average f 平均为……
an average f 平均是……
n average 平均起来；平均来看
abve/belw average 在平均值以上/以下
❶The castal area has a pleasant climate, with average temperatures frm 24℃ t 26℃.
沿海地区气候宜人，平均气温为24到26摄氏度。
❷With an average f 61 scres, the students seemed t pass the exam.
学生们的平均分数为61分，似乎通过了此次考试。
❸The bats remain at sea fr an average f ten days at a time.
这些船只在海上平均每次航行10天。
❹There is abut 400mm rainfall in this area a year n average.
该地区平均年降水量约为400毫米。
❺Her perfrmance last night was well abve average, which surprised everyne.
她昨晚的表现远远高于平均水平，这让每个人都感到惊讶。
❻There have been fur years f belw average rainfall.
已经有4年降雨量低于平均值了。
[即学即练] 用适当的介词填空。
①Prices have risen by an average ________ fur percent ver the past year.
②Last year was the warmest year n recrd, with glbal temperature 0.68℃ ________ the average.
③________ average, we had fur English lessns ne week.
高考助记
Freddy was an average student, but nt an average persn.弗雷迪是一个普通学生，但他不是个普通人。
6. refer t 涉及，与……相关；提到，谈及，说起；查阅，参考
(1)refer 称……为……
(2)refer t a dictinary 查词典
(3)reference n. 参与；涉及；提及
in/with reference t 与……有关
reference bk 参考书；工具书
❶The new salary scale nly refers t cmpany managers and directrs.
新的工资等级只涉及公司经理和主管人员。
❷This paragraph refers t the events f last year.
这段说的是去年的事。
❸I prmised nt t refer t the matter again.
我答应过再也不提这件事了。
❹When I said that smebdy was really naughty, I did nt refer t yu.
当我说某人很调皮时，我不是指你。
❺She always refers t Ben as “that nice man”．
她总是称本为“那个大好人”。
❻T prve this, the authr refers t a passage frm the text.
为了证明这一点，作者查阅了一节原文。
❼I am writing with reference t yur jb applicatin.
我在写信回复关于您申请工作一事。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The trend, then, was tward the “penny paper”—a term ________ (refer) t papers made widely available t the public.
②The Pritzker Architecture Prize is ften referred t ________ the Nbel Prize in architecture.
③Fr example，there are huge quantities f ________(refer) bks abut which I am ften cnfused.
特别提醒
7.release vt.排放；释放；发布(新闻等)；上映(电影)；发行(唱片、书等)；n.排放；释放；发行；发布
release sb. frm smeplace 从某地释放某人
release stress/emtins 释放压力/发泄情感
❶After the trainer was sure that the whale culd lk after itself, he released it int the sea.
训练员确信那条鲸鱼可以照顾自己后，他把它放入大海。
❷The factry keeps releasing smke，making the air dirty.
这座工厂不停地排放烟雾，污染了空气。
❸Hw d yu find the mvie A Cl Fish released recently?
你觉得最近上映的电影《无名之辈》怎么样？
❹He was released frm the hspital yesterday.
他昨天获准出院了。
❺The sftware is planned fr release in April.
该软件计划于四月份发行。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In recent years, a number f Hllywd prducers ________ (release) film psters fr Chinese audiences, shwing their attentin t the cuntry's film market and culture.
②________ (release) n 5 February, 2019, The Wandering Earth sn became a great hit.
③The bird ________ (release) frm the cage last week.
④Beijing ranked first in terms f the amunt f residents' reading amng all cities in China this year, as was annunced in data ________ (release) n Thursday.
联想拓展：
与release意思相同的词组：
set free (sb.)
give ff (energy)
let lse
8.amunt(1)n.[C，U]数量，数额；(2)vi. 总计，共计
(1)a large(great/gd)/small amunt f＋不可数名词 大量的/少量的……(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
large/small amunts f＋不可数名词 大量的/少量的……(作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)
the amunt f＋不可数名词 ……的总数(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
(2)amunt t 共计，总计
❶A large amunt f mney was spent n the prject.(＝Large amunts f mney were spent n the prject.)
这项工程花费了大量金钱。
❷The amunt f mney invested in health care is increasing.
投入医疗保健方面的资金正在增加。
❸His mnthly earnings amunt t abut 3,000 dllars.
他的月收入总计约为3 000美元。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Large amunts f my pcket mney ________ (be) spent buying new bks last year.
②A great amunt f hmewrk ________ (have) t be dne every day, s large quantities f students' time ________ (be) ccupied.
③A great many cllege students ________ (be) sent t help the children there last mnth.
④A great number f children whse parents had died in the earthquake ________ (be) sent t live with families in ther cities yesterday.
归纳拓展：
“许多，大量”的其他表达法
(1)
eq \b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(a gd/great many,a large/great number f,quite a few))eq \a\vs4\al\c1(＋可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)
(2)many a(n)＋可数名词单数(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
(3)a great/gd deal f＋不可数名词(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
(4)a lt f/lts f、plenty f＋可数名词复数/不可数名词(作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据f后的名词来确定)
(5)
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(a large quantity f＋可数名词复数/不,可数名词作主语时，谓语动词,的单复数形式根据f后的名词来,确定,large quantities f＋可数名词复数/不,可数名词作主语时，谓语动词,用复数形式))
9.result in 引起；导致；造成
result frm 因……发生
as a result 结果
as a result f 作为……的结果；由于
❶The great increase in turism in recent years has resulted in the cnstructin f many htels.
近年来旅游业有很大发展，因此(人们)兴建了许多旅馆。
❷Acting befre thinking always results in failure.
做事不先考虑常会导致失败。
❸Many hair prblems result frm what yu eat.
许多头发问题都源于你吃的东西。
❹Alice verslept this mrning. As a result, she was late fr wrk.
艾丽斯今天早上睡过头，结果上班迟到了。
❺Father was late fr wrk as a result f the traffic jam, and as a result, the bss blamed him fr it.
由于交通堵塞，父亲上班迟到了，结果老板为此责备了他。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①He brke dwn cmpletely ________ a result f t much wrk.
②Faced with this phenmenn, we must take sme measures t deal with it; therwise, it will result ________ great lsses in the future.
③The terrible accident resulted ________ his careless driving.
④据说缺乏信心导致他面试失败。
It was said that lack f cnfidence ________________ his failure in the interview.
It was said that his failure in the interview ________________ lack f cnfidence.
⑤由于购物太久，珍妮差点儿误了班机。
Jenny nearly missed the fight ________________________ ding t much shpping.
Jenny did t much shpping. ________________________， she nearly missed the flight.
联想拓展
result in 的近义词(组)有：cause，bring abut, lead t, cntribute t.
10.restrict vt.限制，限定(数量、范围等)；束缚，妨碍；约束
(1) 将……限定在……内
restrict neself/sb. t (ding) sth. 限制自己/某人只做某事
(2)restrictin n. [C]制约因素；限制规定；[U]限制，约束
a restrictin/restrictins n sth. 对某事的限制
withut restrictin 不受限制
(3)restrictive adj. 限制性的，约束的
❶We restrict the number f students per class t 10.我们将每个班的学生人数限定为10人。
❷I restrict myself t ne cup f cffee a day.我控制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The earliest studies have suggested a link between calrie ________ (restrict) and slwing aging.
②We make n restrictins ________ the kinds f films we shw—as lng as a film's quality meets ur standards.
③Dn't restrict yurself t ________ (make) friends—it will help increase yur knwledge.
联想拓展
将……限定在……内
11.seize vt.夺取；抓住，捉住；把握(机会、时机、主动等)
seize sth.(frm sb.) (从某人那里)夺取某物
seize sb. by the arm (＝seize sb.’s arm) 抓住某人的胳膊
seize a chance/an pprtunity 抓住机会
❶He seized the bk frm her hand.他从她手里夺过了书。
❷I seized him by the arm and made him turn t lk at me.我抓住他的胳膊，让他转身看着我。
❸Seize the chance. Otherwise yu’ll regret it.抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。
[即学即练] 用seize的相关短语完成句子
①这个小男孩抓住我的胳膊向我求助。
The little by ____________ and asked me fr help.
②去年他抓住了一次周游世界的机会。He ________ t travel arund the wrld last year.
随手记
其他表示抓住、捉住的词：grab，grasp，snatch，take，get hld f
►第二版块|重点句型剖析
1．(教材P26)There is little dubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)．毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。
“There is little/n dubt that...”为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明dubt的内容。
There is little/n dubt that...
There is little/n dubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”，是一个固定句型。在此句型中，that引导的是同位语从句，用来解释说明dubt的具体内容，dubt在此作名词。
There is n dubt that they agree with yu n this matter.
毫无疑问，他们在这件事上同意你的观点。
There is n dubt that friendship plays an imprtant part in ur life.
毫无疑问，友谊在我们的生活中起着重要作用。
(1)名词dubt若用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句(whether不可用if替换)。常见句型：
There is sme dubt whether... 是否……有些疑问。
I have dubts whether... 我怀疑是否……
have n dubt that... 不确定……
There is sme dubt whether he is the best man fr the jb.
他是否是那项工作的最佳人选，还存在疑问。
I always had dubts whether he wuld be the best man fr the jb.
我总是担心他是否是那个最适合做这项工作的人。
(2)动词dubt若用在肯定句中，接whether/if引导的宾语从句；若用在否定句或疑问句中，接that引导的宾语从句。
I dubt whether/if...我怀疑是否……
I dn't/never dubt that...我不怀疑；我相信……
Yu can cmplain，but I dubt if it'll make any difference.你可以抱怨，但是我看未必有用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is n dubt ________ in yur mind he is inncent, is there?
②There is sme dubt ________ he will succeed.
③I have n dubt ________ yu can d this jb well.
④I dn't dubt ________ the gld ring belngs t her.
⑤I dubt ________ that chair will bear yur weight.
2．(教材P26) An expert wh has studied plar bears fr many years said that frm the psitin f its dead bdy, the bear appeared t have starved and died. 一位多年研究北极熊的专家说，从北极熊尸体所处位置来看，它看起来是死于饥饿。
不定式的完成式
动词不定式的完成式t have dne，表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。在appear，seem，think，cnsider，believe等表示看法与想法的动词后用动词不定式的完成式时，其结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。
I am really srry t have given yu s much truble.
给你添了这么多麻烦，我真抱歉。
He was believed t have been a reprter.
人们相信他曾经当过记者。
He seems t have cut ff the water supply.＝It seems that he has cut ff the water supply.
他好像已切断了供水。
(1)不定式的完成式常同expect，hpe等连用，表示预计将来完成的动作。
I expect t have read this bk by Friday.
我预计星期五前就读完这本书。
I hpe t have finished the wrk by the end f the year.
我希望年底前就完成这项工作。
(2)不定式的完成式也可与mean，think，intend，prmise等表示意图、打算、计划等的动词连用，表示想做但未曾实现的愿望或计划等。
I intended t have cme t see yu.
我本打算来看你的。(但没能来)
I meant t have called yu last night.
我本打算昨晚给你打电话的。(但没打电话)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句写作
①While regularly eating ut seems ____________ (becme) cmmn fr many yung peple in recent years, it's nt withut a cst.
②He is thught ____________ (act) flishly. Nw he has n ne but himself t blame fr lsing the jb.
③认识了这么多新朋友，我感到非常幸运。
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The huse shuld be ________ (适合居住的)by the new year.
2．The cnsultant was busy studying the ________(详尽的)reprt then.
3．Oil pllutin culd damage the ________ (生态学)f the cral reefs.
4．There is a grwing ________(趋势)twards earlier retirement in that cuntry.
5．The by will try his best t ________(抓住) the glden chance t g abrad.
6．Because f the ________(政策) f refrm and pening, China has taken n a new lk ver the past decades.
7．Generally speaking，having small children tends t ________(限制) yur freedm.
8．The badnewsis that the ice has begun t ________(融化) as a result f glbal warming.
9．His cmments are bund t add ________ (燃料) t the debate.
10．There is ________ (遍及全球的) cncern abut the destructin f the rainfrests.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The smell ________(release) frm the hle made us a little sick.
2．The thieves ________ (seize) by the plicemen were taken t the plice statin.
3．The gvernment placed ________(restrict) n sales f weapns.
4．I used t g t that ld temple ________(frequent) as a child.
5．China will remain a large and ________(sustain) cnsumer f raw materials.
6．Thusands f men,wmen and children there are facing ________ (starve) nw.
7．Mst f the citizens were interested in the news ________ (bradcast) yesterday.
8．Large amunts f water ________ (pllute) in the past five years.
9．Petry is an interesting frm f writing. It is very free, has few ________(restrict) and can be a great way t expressfeelings.
10．David admitted that his car crashed int his neighbr's garden and prmised t take respnsibility ________that.
11．It remains ________ (see) whether nline teaching will replace traditinal classrm teaching.
12．I have checked yur hmewrk, and yu seem ________ (make) amistake here.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 1.________ the animals. In 2013, the whle wrld 2.________ (shck) at a news pht f a dead plar bear n Nrway's Arctic island f Svalbard. Due t the increase in temperature, the plar bear seemed 3.________ (die) frm lack f fd.
Accrding t climate scientists, a key climate prcess, 4.________ is called the “greenhuse effect”， includes the “natural” greenhuse effect and the “manmade” greenhuse effect. The frmer refers t the fact that heat frm the sun 5.________ (enter) the atmsphere and warms Earth's surface. Greenhuse gases in the atmsphere trap sme f the heat, 6.________ (keep) Earth's climate warm and habitable. Hwever, the latter has becme 7.________ big prblem. When peple burn fssil fuels, mre heat energy is trapped in the atmsphere and causes Earth's surface temperature t rise 8.________ (quick)．
The evidence shws that the rise in temperature has led t an increase in extreme weather and natural 9.________ (disaster) wrldwide. Climate scientists warn that this warming trend will becme 10.________ (bad) if we d nt take apprpriate measures. The severe situatin requires peple all ver the wrld t pay mre attentin t it, because this is the mst serius issue affecting all f us n this planet.
eq \x(温馨提示：请完成课时作业七)
Unit 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Sectin Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．eclgy 2.release 3.fuel 4.cmprehensive 5.wrldwide 6.trend 7.bradcast bradcast bradcast 8.plicy 9.ftprint
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．starve starvatin 2.适合居住的 habitat 3.维持；遭受；承受住 sustainable 4.频繁地；经常 frequent frequency
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．图；图表；曲线图 2.排放物；散发物；排放 3.(使)融化；熔化；软化 4.海豹 5.生态；生态学 6.甲烷；沼气 7.碳 8.二氧化物 二氧化碳 9.化石
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．skin and bnes 2.have an impact n 3.refer t
4．result in
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．There is little dubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)．
2．t have starved and died
文本研析·语篇理解
1．B 2.B 3.C 4.D
核心突破·互动探究
►第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①was shcked t hear ②shcked his mther
2．①remains ②It ③remaining ④t be discussed
3．①fr ②starvatin ③(had) starved t death ④starved int giving up
4．①in ②n ③The number f the students in ur schl has increased t 5,000.
④Average huse prices in this city decreased by 13% last year.
5．①f ②abve ③On
6．①referring ②as ③reference
7．①have released ②Released ③was released ④released
8．①were ②has are ③were ④were
9．①as ②in ③frm ④resulted in resulted frm ⑤as a result f As a result
10．①restrictin ②n ③making
11．①seized me by the arm/seized my arm ②seized a chance/an pprtunity
►第二版块|重点句型剖析
1．①that ②whether ③that ④that ⑤if/whether
2．①t have becme ②t have acted ③I feel very lucky t have made s many new friends.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．habitable 2.cmprehensive 3.eclgy 4.trend 5.seize 6.plicy 7.restrict 8.melt 9.fuel 10.wrldwide
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．released 2.seized 3.restrictins 4.frequently 5.sustainable 6.starvatin 7.bradcast 8.have been plluted 9.restrictins 10.fr 11.t be seen 12.t have made
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．n 2.was shcked 3.t have died 4.which 5.enters 6.keeping 7.a 8.quickly 9.disasters 10.wrse
单词
含义
过去式/过
去分词
现在分词
refer
提到；提及
referred
referring
prefer
更喜欢
preferred
preferring
infer
推断；暗示
inferred
inferring
联合国(UN)一份报告发现，各国未能采取必要行动以避免气候变化带来的最坏影响。除非各国政府紧急出台额外的措施，否则将无法履行在2015年《巴黎协定》(Paris Agreement)中作出的承诺。
The UN says the wrld must reduble its effrts r it'll face catastrphic① climate change.
Cuntries are failing t take actin needed t avid the wrst effects f climate change, a UN reprt has fund, and the cmmitments made in the 2015 Paris Agreement will nt be met unless gvernments intrduce additinal measures as a matter f urgency②. Greenhuse gas emissins cntinued their lngterm rise last year, accrding t the UN, but they culd be brught under cntrl. There are prmising signs, such as investment frm the private sectr in renewable energy and ther technlgies t cut carbn, but these are currently insufficient t meet scientific advice.
Gunnar Luderer, ne f the authrs f the UN reprt and senir scientist at the Ptsdam Institute fr Climate Impact Research in Germany, said：“There is still a tremendus③ gap between wrds and deeds, between the targets agreed by gvernments and the measures t achieve these gals. Only a
rapid turnrund④ here can help. Emissins must be reduced by a quarter by 2030 and fr 1.5 ℃， emissins wuld have t be halved.”
New taxes n fssil fuels, investment in clean technlgy and much strnger gvernment plicies t bring dwn emissins are likely t be necessary. Gvernments must als stp subsidising⑤ fssil fuels, directly and indirectly, the UN said. In all, a dubling f effrt may be needed t keep warming t less than 2℃， meeting scientific advice n staving ff⑥ the mst dangerus effects f climate change. Jyce Msuya, executive directr f the UN Envirnment Prgramme, said：“The science is clear; fr all the ambitius climate actin we've seen, gvernments need t mve faster and with greater urgency. We're feeding this fire, while the means t put it ut are within reach.”
【注释】
①catastrphic adj. 灾难性的
②urgency n. 紧迫
③tremendus adj. 巨大的
④turnrund n. 好转；起色；转机；转变
⑤subsidise vt. 给……补贴
⑥stave ff 挡开；避开
Sectin Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．________ n. 生态；生态学
2．________ vt. & n. 排放；释放；发布
3．________ n. 燃料；刺激性言行
4．________ adj. 全部的；所有的；详尽的
5．________ adj. 世界各地的；影响全世界的
adv. 遍及全球地
6．________ n. 趋势；趋向；动向
7．________ vt. & vi. (过去式________，过去分词________)播送；广播；传播
n. 广播节目；电视节目
8．________ n. 政策；方针；原则
9．________ n. 足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．________vi. & vt. (使)挨饿；饿死→________n. 饥饿；挨饿；饿死
2．habitable adj. ________→________ n. (动植物的)生活环境；栖息地
3．sustain vt. ________→________adj. 可持续的；合理利用的
4．frequently adv. ________→________ adj. 频繁的→________ n. 频率
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．graph n. ____________
2．emissin n. ____________
3．melt vi. & vt. ____________
4．seal n. ____________
5．eclgy n. ____________
6．methane n. ____________
7．carbn n. ____________
8．dixide n. ____________
carbn dixide ________
9．fssil n. ____________
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．____________ 瘦得皮包骨，瘦骨嶙峋
2．____________ 对……有影响
3．____________ 查阅；提到
4．____________ 导致
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．________________________________________________________________________
毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。
2．An expert wh has studied plar bears fr many years said that frm the psitin f its dead bdy, the bear appeared __________________.
一位多年研究北极熊的专家说，从北极熊尸体所处位置来看，它看起来是死于饥饿。
根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What d yu knw abut the plar bear fund?
A．Only bnes f the dead bdy remained.
B．It died because f the effects f climate change.
C．Its skin was seriusly injured in a way.
D．It culdn't adapt t the envirnment n Svalbard.
2．Hw des the “natural” greenhuse effect wrk?
①Heat is sent back t Earth.
②The sun gives Earth heat thrugh the atmsphere.
③Earth's surface becmes warm.
④Greenhuse gases trap sme heat.
A．①→②→③→④ B．②→③→①→④
C．②→①→④→③ D．④→②→③→①
3．Why d the climate scientists give a warning?
A．Because they dn't want t find mre dead animals.
B．Because news reprts deal with climate change wrngly.
C．Because climate change has brught disasters.
D．Because they have fund mre evidence.
4．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．It is impssible t cntrl carbn dixide emissins.
B．Greenhuse gas emissins are the mst serius prblem nw.
C．Our planet will nt be habitable fr humans t live n.
D．Gvernments and individuals shuld wrk tgether t prtect Earth.
►第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1.shcked adj. 惊愕的，受震惊的
(1)be shcked at/by sth. 对某事感到震惊
be shcked t d sth. 对做某事感到震惊
(2)shck v. 使震惊，使惊愕
n. 令人震惊的事；震惊；休克；
(由爆炸、地震等引起的)剧烈震动
It shcks sb. t see/hear... 看到/听到……使某人震惊
(3)shcking adj. 令人气愤的；令人震惊的
❶The newcmers were shcked at the terrible wrking cnditins.
新来的人对这么差的工作条件感到很震惊。
❷I was shcked t hear that he had resigned.
听到他辞职的消息，我感到震惊。
[即学即练] 一句多译
他的母亲听到这个消息感到震惊。
①His mther ______________________ the news.
②It ________________________ t hear the news.
语境助记
Peple were shcked t knw that the little girl was badly injured in an accident. The shcking news shcked all the peple arund, which was als a shck t her father wh was wrking abrad.
获知这个小女孩在事故中严重受伤了，人们很震惊。这个惊人的消息震惊了周围所有的人，同时对在国外工作的小女孩的父亲也是一个打击。
2.remain(1)vi.剩余，遗留，继续存在；逗留，不离去；仍需去做(或说、处理)
(2)linking verb(连系动词)仍然是，保持不变。其后可跟名词、形容词、ving、过去分词、介词短语等。
remain t be dne 尚待……，有待……
There remain/remains... 还有……
It remains t be seen... ……尚不确定/说不准。(It为形式主语)
❶Very little f the huse remained after the fire.
火灾之后，这座房子所剩无几。
❷He will have t remain in hspital fr at least 10 days.
他至少得在医院里待10天。
❸Much remains t be dne.还有很多事要去做。
❹It remains t be seen whether the peratin is successful r nt.
手术是否成功，还有待观察。
❺There remains a certain dubt amng peple as t the practical value f the prject.
关于这个项目的实用价值，人们还是有一些疑虑。
❻Sme data in the reprt shw that reading remains a big part f many children's lives.
这份报告中的一些数据显示，阅读仍然占据着许多孩子生活的一大部分。
❼Whatever great prgress yu've made, yu shuld remain mdest.
无论你取得了多么大的进步，你都应该保持谦虚。
❽She remains wrking at night.她晚上还在工作。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little f the riginal building ________ (remain) nw.
②________ remains t be seen whether Jim will be fit enugh t take part in the cmpetitin.
③This painting was cmpleted in 1888 and is ne f the nly fur ________ (remain) pieces in the wrld.
④Whether we can raise enugh mney t carry ut the prject remains ____________(discuss)．
归纳拓展
remains n．[pl.]剩余物，剩饭菜；遗迹；遗骸
remaining adj.留下的，剩余的；还需处理的(常用作前置定语)
They were cleaning up the remains f their picnic.他们正在打扫野餐的残余物。
The remaining twenty patients were transferred t anther hspital.剩余的二十名病人被转送到另一家医院去了。
3.starve v．(使)挨饿，饿死；渴望；急切想要
(1)starve t death 饿死
starve sb. int (ding) sth. 断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事
(2)starve fr 渴望……
starve t d sth. 渴望做某事
be starved f... 缺乏……；渴望……
(3)starvatin n．饥饿，挨饿，饿死
❶The explrers starved t death in the desert.探险者们在沙漠中饿死了。
❷They starved their enemies int giving in.他们断绝敌人的食物来源以迫使他们屈服。
❸Children all starve fr lve and friendship.孩子们都渴望得到爱和友谊。
❹The engine was starved f petrl and wuldn't start.
发动机缺油，发动不起来。
❺Millins f peple will face starvatin unless a vast emergency aid prgramme is launched.
若不启动大型紧急援助计划，数百万人将面临饥饿的威胁。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/用starve的相关短语完成句子
①These critical prgrammes that prvide fd access t residents in need are starving ________ bth vlunteers and dnatins.
②In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f whse purpses is t relieve wrldwide ________ (starve)．
③人们曾在一头饿死的鲸的胃里发现了大量塑料。
A lt f plastic was fund in the stmach f a whale which ____________.
④当地政府断绝了这个公司的资金来源以迫使它放弃那个工程。
The lcal gvernment ________ the cmpany ____________ the prject.
归纳拓展
表示“渴望(得到)……”的其他短语：
be thirsty fr
be hungry fr
be dying fr
be eager fr
be anxius fr
lng fr 4.increase (1)/In′kriːs/ vt. & vi.增加，(使)增长；(2)/′Inkriːs/n.[C，U]增长，增加
(1)increase t... 增加到……
increase by... 增加了……
increase 从……增加到……
(2)an increase in... ……方面的增加
be n the increase 在增加
❶Her weight has increased t 70 kils.
她的体重增加到了70公斤。
❷Fd prices increased by 10% in less than a year.
不到一年，食品价格就上涨了10%。
❸There was an increase in the twn's ppulatin.
这个城镇的人口有所增长。
❹The peple wh wn private cars are n the increase.
拥有私家车的人越来越多。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句写作
①Over many years, there has been an increase ________ the ppulatin f twns in many cuntries.
②The new law has cme int effect, and the number f wild animals here is ________ the increase nw.
③我们学校的学生人数已经增长到了5 000。
________________________________________________________________________
④去年，这个城市的房屋均价下降了13%。
________________________________________________________________________
联想拓展
decrease vi. & vt. & n．[C，U]减少；降低
decrease t... 减少到……
decrease by... 减少了……
decrease 从……减少到……
be n the decrease 在减少
5.average (1)adj.平均的；普通的；(2)n.平均数
with an average f 平均为……
an average f 平均是……
n average 平均起来；平均来看
abve/belw average 在平均值以上/以下
❶The castal area has a pleasant climate, with average temperatures frm 24℃ t 26℃.
沿海地区气候宜人，平均气温为24到26摄氏度。
❷With an average f 61 scres, the students seemed t pass the exam.
学生们的平均分数为61分，似乎通过了此次考试。
❸The bats remain at sea fr an average f ten days at a time.
这些船只在海上平均每次航行10天。
❹There is abut 400mm rainfall in this area a year n average.
该地区平均年降水量约为400毫米。
❺Her perfrmance last night was well abve average, which surprised everyne.
她昨晚的表现远远高于平均水平，这让每个人都感到惊讶。
❻There have been fur years f belw average rainfall.
已经有4年降雨量低于平均值了。
[即学即练] 用适当的介词填空。
①Prices have risen by an average ________ fur percent ver the past year.
②Last year was the warmest year n recrd, with glbal temperature 0.68℃ ________ the average.
③________ average, we had fur English lessns ne week.
高考助记
Freddy was an average student, but nt an average persn.弗雷迪是一个普通学生，但他不是个普通人。
6. refer t 涉及，与……相关；提到，谈及，说起；查阅，参考
(1)refer 称……为……
(2)refer t a dictinary 查词典
(3)reference n. 参与；涉及；提及
in/with reference t 与……有关
reference bk 参考书；工具书
❶The new salary scale nly refers t cmpany managers and directrs.
新的工资等级只涉及公司经理和主管人员。
❷This paragraph refers t the events f last year.
这段说的是去年的事。
❸I prmised nt t refer t the matter again.
我答应过再也不提这件事了。
❹When I said that smebdy was really naughty, I did nt refer t yu.
当我说某人很调皮时，我不是指你。
❺She always refers t Ben as “that nice man”．
她总是称本为“那个大好人”。
❻T prve this, the authr refers t a passage frm the text.
为了证明这一点，作者查阅了一节原文。
❼I am writing with reference t yur jb applicatin.
我在写信回复关于您申请工作一事。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The trend, then, was tward the “penny paper”—a term ________ (refer) t papers made widely available t the public.
②The Pritzker Architecture Prize is ften referred t ________ the Nbel Prize in architecture.
③Fr example，there are huge quantities f ________(refer) bks abut which I am ften cnfused.
特别提醒
7.release vt.排放；释放；发布(新闻等)；上映(电影)；发行(唱片、书等)；n.排放；释放；发行；发布
release sb. frm smeplace 从某地释放某人
release stress/emtins 释放压力/发泄情感
❶After the trainer was sure that the whale culd lk after itself, he released it int the sea.
训练员确信那条鲸鱼可以照顾自己后，他把它放入大海。
❷The factry keeps releasing smke，making the air dirty.
这座工厂不停地排放烟雾，污染了空气。
❸Hw d yu find the mvie A Cl Fish released recently?
你觉得最近上映的电影《无名之辈》怎么样？
❹He was released frm the hspital yesterday.
他昨天获准出院了。
❺The sftware is planned fr release in April.
该软件计划于四月份发行。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In recent years, a number f Hllywd prducers ________ (release) film psters fr Chinese audiences, shwing their attentin t the cuntry's film market and culture.
②________ (release) n 5 February, 2019, The Wandering Earth sn became a great hit.
③The bird ________ (release) frm the cage last week.
④Beijing ranked first in terms f the amunt f residents' reading amng all cities in China this year, as was annunced in data ________ (release) n Thursday.
联想拓展：
与release意思相同的词组：
set free (sb.)
give ff (energy)
let lse
8.amunt(1)n.[C，U]数量，数额；(2)vi. 总计，共计
(1)a large(great/gd)/small amunt f＋不可数名词 大量的/少量的……(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
large/small amunts f＋不可数名词 大量的/少量的……(作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)
the amunt f＋不可数名词 ……的总数(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
(2)amunt t 共计，总计
❶A large amunt f mney was spent n the prject.(＝Large amunts f mney were spent n the prject.)
这项工程花费了大量金钱。
❷The amunt f mney invested in health care is increasing.
投入医疗保健方面的资金正在增加。
❸His mnthly earnings amunt t abut 3,000 dllars.
他的月收入总计约为3 000美元。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Large amunts f my pcket mney ________ (be) spent buying new bks last year.
②A great amunt f hmewrk ________ (have) t be dne every day, s large quantities f students' time ________ (be) ccupied.
③A great many cllege students ________ (be) sent t help the children there last mnth.
④A great number f children whse parents had died in the earthquake ________ (be) sent t live with families in ther cities yesterday.
归纳拓展：
“许多，大量”的其他表达法
(1)
eq \b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(a gd/great many,a large/great number f,quite a few))eq \a\vs4\al\c1(＋可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式)
(2)many a(n)＋可数名词单数(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
(3)a great/gd deal f＋不可数名词(作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式)
(4)a lt f/lts f、plenty f＋可数名词复数/不可数名词(作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式根据f后的名词来确定)
(5)
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(a large quantity f＋可数名词复数/不,可数名词作主语时，谓语动词,的单复数形式根据f后的名词来,确定,large quantities f＋可数名词复数/不,可数名词作主语时，谓语动词,用复数形式))
9.result in 引起；导致；造成
result frm 因……发生
as a result 结果
as a result f 作为……的结果；由于
❶The great increase in turism in recent years has resulted in the cnstructin f many htels.
近年来旅游业有很大发展，因此(人们)兴建了许多旅馆。
❷Acting befre thinking always results in failure.
做事不先考虑常会导致失败。
❸Many hair prblems result frm what yu eat.
许多头发问题都源于你吃的东西。
❹Alice verslept this mrning. As a result, she was late fr wrk.
艾丽斯今天早上睡过头，结果上班迟到了。
❺Father was late fr wrk as a result f the traffic jam, and as a result, the bss blamed him fr it.
由于交通堵塞，父亲上班迟到了，结果老板为此责备了他。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①He brke dwn cmpletely ________ a result f t much wrk.
②Faced with this phenmenn, we must take sme measures t deal with it; therwise, it will result ________ great lsses in the future.
③The terrible accident resulted ________ his careless driving.
④据说缺乏信心导致他面试失败。
It was said that lack f cnfidence ________________ his failure in the interview.
It was said that his failure in the interview ________________ lack f cnfidence.
⑤由于购物太久，珍妮差点儿误了班机。
Jenny nearly missed the fight ________________________ ding t much shpping.
Jenny did t much shpping. ________________________， she nearly missed the flight.
联想拓展
result in 的近义词(组)有：cause，bring abut, lead t, cntribute t.
10.restrict vt.限制，限定(数量、范围等)；束缚，妨碍；约束
(1) 将……限定在……内
restrict neself/sb. t (ding) sth. 限制自己/某人只做某事
(2)restrictin n. [C]制约因素；限制规定；[U]限制，约束
a restrictin/restrictins n sth. 对某事的限制
withut restrictin 不受限制
(3)restrictive adj. 限制性的，约束的
❶We restrict the number f students per class t 10.我们将每个班的学生人数限定为10人。
❷I restrict myself t ne cup f cffee a day.我控制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The earliest studies have suggested a link between calrie ________ (restrict) and slwing aging.
②We make n restrictins ________ the kinds f films we shw—as lng as a film's quality meets ur standards.
③Dn't restrict yurself t ________ (make) friends—it will help increase yur knwledge.
联想拓展
将……限定在……内
11.seize vt.夺取；抓住，捉住；把握(机会、时机、主动等)
seize sth.(frm sb.) (从某人那里)夺取某物
seize sb. by the arm (＝seize sb.’s arm) 抓住某人的胳膊
seize a chance/an pprtunity 抓住机会
❶He seized the bk frm her hand.他从她手里夺过了书。
❷I seized him by the arm and made him turn t lk at me.我抓住他的胳膊，让他转身看着我。
❸Seize the chance. Otherwise yu’ll regret it.抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。
[即学即练] 用seize的相关短语完成句子
①这个小男孩抓住我的胳膊向我求助。
The little by ____________ and asked me fr help.
②去年他抓住了一次周游世界的机会。He ________ t travel arund the wrld last year.
随手记
其他表示抓住、捉住的词：grab，grasp，snatch，take，get hld f
►第二版块|重点句型剖析
1．(教材P26)There is little dubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)．毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和(见图表)。
“There is little/n dubt that...”为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明dubt的内容。
There is little/n dubt that...
There is little/n dubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”，是一个固定句型。在此句型中，that引导的是同位语从句，用来解释说明dubt的具体内容，dubt在此作名词。
There is n dubt that they agree with yu n this matter.
毫无疑问，他们在这件事上同意你的观点。
There is n dubt that friendship plays an imprtant part in ur life.
毫无疑问，友谊在我们的生活中起着重要作用。
(1)名词dubt若用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句(whether不可用if替换)。常见句型：
There is sme dubt whether... 是否……有些疑问。
I have dubts whether... 我怀疑是否……
have n dubt that... 不确定……
There is sme dubt whether he is the best man fr the jb.
他是否是那项工作的最佳人选，还存在疑问。
I always had dubts whether he wuld be the best man fr the jb.
我总是担心他是否是那个最适合做这项工作的人。
(2)动词dubt若用在肯定句中，接whether/if引导的宾语从句；若用在否定句或疑问句中，接that引导的宾语从句。
I dubt whether/if...我怀疑是否……
I dn't/never dubt that...我不怀疑；我相信……
Yu can cmplain，but I dubt if it'll make any difference.你可以抱怨，但是我看未必有用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There is n dubt ________ in yur mind he is inncent, is there?
②There is sme dubt ________ he will succeed.
③I have n dubt ________ yu can d this jb well.
④I dn't dubt ________ the gld ring belngs t her.
⑤I dubt ________ that chair will bear yur weight.
2．(教材P26) An expert wh has studied plar bears fr many years said that frm the psitin f its dead bdy, the bear appeared t have starved and died. 一位多年研究北极熊的专家说，从北极熊尸体所处位置来看，它看起来是死于饥饿。
不定式的完成式
动词不定式的完成式t have dne，表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。在appear，seem，think，cnsider，believe等表示看法与想法的动词后用动词不定式的完成式时，其结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。
I am really srry t have given yu s much truble.
给你添了这么多麻烦，我真抱歉。
He was believed t have been a reprter.
人们相信他曾经当过记者。
He seems t have cut ff the water supply.＝It seems that he has cut ff the water supply.
他好像已切断了供水。
(1)不定式的完成式常同expect，hpe等连用，表示预计将来完成的动作。
I expect t have read this bk by Friday.
我预计星期五前就读完这本书。
I hpe t have finished the wrk by the end f the year.
我希望年底前就完成这项工作。
(2)不定式的完成式也可与mean，think，intend，prmise等表示意图、打算、计划等的动词连用，表示想做但未曾实现的愿望或计划等。
I intended t have cme t see yu.
我本打算来看你的。(但没能来)
I meant t have called yu last night.
我本打算昨晚给你打电话的。(但没打电话)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句写作
①While regularly eating ut seems ____________ (becme) cmmn fr many yung peple in recent years, it's nt withut a cst.
②He is thught ____________ (act) flishly. Nw he has n ne but himself t blame fr lsing the jb.
③认识了这么多新朋友，我感到非常幸运。
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The huse shuld be ________ (适合居住的)by the new year.
2．The cnsultant was busy studying the ________(详尽的)reprt then.
3．Oil pllutin culd damage the ________ (生态学)f the cral reefs.
4．There is a grwing ________(趋势)twards earlier retirement in that cuntry.
5．The by will try his best t ________(抓住) the glden chance t g abrad.
6．Because f the ________(政策) f refrm and pening, China has taken n a new lk ver the past decades.
7．Generally speaking，having small children tends t ________(限制) yur freedm.
8．The badnewsis that the ice has begun t ________(融化) as a result f glbal warming.
9．His cmments are bund t add ________ (燃料) t the debate.
10．There is ________ (遍及全球的) cncern abut the destructin f the rainfrests.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The smell ________(release) frm the hle made us a little sick.
2．The thieves ________ (seize) by the plicemen were taken t the plice statin.
3．The gvernment placed ________(restrict) n sales f weapns.
4．I used t g t that ld temple ________(frequent) as a child.
5．China will remain a large and ________(sustain) cnsumer f raw materials.
6．Thusands f men,wmen and children there are facing ________ (starve) nw.
7．Mst f the citizens were interested in the news ________ (bradcast) yesterday.
8．Large amunts f water ________ (pllute) in the past five years.
9．Petry is an interesting frm f writing. It is very free, has few ________(restrict) and can be a great way t expressfeelings.
10．David admitted that his car crashed int his neighbr's garden and prmised t take respnsibility ________that.
11．It remains ________ (see) whether nline teaching will replace traditinal classrm teaching.
12．I have checked yur hmewrk, and yu seem ________ (make) amistake here.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 1.________ the animals. In 2013, the whle wrld 2.________ (shck) at a news pht f a dead plar bear n Nrway's Arctic island f Svalbard. Due t the increase in temperature, the plar bear seemed 3.________ (die) frm lack f fd.
Accrding t climate scientists, a key climate prcess, 4.________ is called the “greenhuse effect”， includes the “natural” greenhuse effect and the “manmade” greenhuse effect. The frmer refers t the fact that heat frm the sun 5.________ (enter) the atmsphere and warms Earth's surface. Greenhuse gases in the atmsphere trap sme f the heat, 6.________ (keep) Earth's climate warm and habitable. Hwever, the latter has becme 7.________ big prblem. When peple burn fssil fuels, mre heat energy is trapped in the atmsphere and causes Earth's surface temperature t rise 8.________ (quick)．
The evidence shws that the rise in temperature has led t an increase in extreme weather and natural 9.________ (disaster) wrldwide. Climate scientists warn that this warming trend will becme 10.________ (bad) if we d nt take apprpriate measures. The severe situatin requires peple all ver the wrld t pay mre attentin t it, because this is the mst serius issue affecting all f us n this planet.
eq \x(温馨提示：请完成课时作业七)
Unit 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Sectin Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
新知感知·自学导引
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．eclgy 2.release 3.fuel 4.cmprehensive 5.wrldwide 6.trend 7.bradcast bradcast bradcast 8.plicy 9.ftprint
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．starve starvatin 2.适合居住的 habitat 3.维持；遭受；承受住 sustainable 4.频繁地；经常 frequent frequency
Ⅲ.阅读词汇
1．图；图表；曲线图 2.排放物；散发物；排放 3.(使)融化；熔化；软化 4.海豹 5.生态；生态学 6.甲烷；沼气 7.碳 8.二氧化物 二氧化碳 9.化石
Ⅳ.重点短语
1．skin and bnes 2.have an impact n 3.refer t
4．result in
Ⅴ.重点句型
1．There is little dubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph)．
2．t have starved and died
文本研析·语篇理解
1．B 2.B 3.C 4.D
核心突破·互动探究
►第一版块|重点词汇诠释
1．①was shcked t hear ②shcked his mther
2．①remains ②It ③remaining ④t be discussed
3．①fr ②starvatin ③(had) starved t death ④starved int giving up
4．①in ②n ③The number f the students in ur schl has increased t 5,000.
④Average huse prices in this city decreased by 13% last year.
5．①f ②abve ③On
6．①referring ②as ③reference
7．①have released ②Released ③was released ④released
8．①were ②has are ③were ④were
9．①as ②in ③frm ④resulted in resulted frm ⑤as a result f As a result
10．①restrictin ②n ③making
11．①seized me by the arm/seized my arm ②seized a chance/an pprtunity
►第二版块|重点句型剖析
1．①that ②whether ③that ④that ⑤if/whether
2．①t have becme ②t have acted ③I feel very lucky t have made s many new friends.
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．habitable 2.cmprehensive 3.eclgy 4.trend 5.seize 6.plicy 7.restrict 8.melt 9.fuel 10.wrldwide
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．released 2.seized 3.restrictins 4.frequently 5.sustainable 6.starvatin 7.bradcast 8.have been plluted 9.restrictins 10.fr 11.t be seen 12.t have made
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
1．n 2.was shcked 3.t have died 4.which 5.enters 6.keeping 7.a 8.quickly 9.disasters 10.wrse
单词
含义
过去式/过
去分词
现在分词
refer
提到；提及
referred
referring
prefer
更喜欢
preferred
preferring
infer
推断；暗示
inferred
inferring
相关学案
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