高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course学案

UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE

Ⅰ.匹配词义

a．匹配下列单词词义

(　　)1.adversity　 　 A．adj.潮湿的；湿气重的

(　　)2.vigour B．adj.痛苦的；令人难受的

(　　)3.aboard   C．n.娱乐；消遣；游戏

(　　)4.steward D．adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的

(　　)5.miserable   E．n.困境；逆境

(　　)6.selfish   F．adv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)

(　　)7.genuine   G．n.精力；力量；活力

(　　)8.thorough   H．adj.自私的

(　　)9.damp   I．n.(轮船、飞机或火车上)乘务员；服务员

(　　)10.recreation   J．adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的

[答案]　1—5　EGFIB　6—10　HJDAC

b．匹配下列短语词义

(　　)1.turn sb. down　 A．坚持

(　　)2.make fire B．每况愈下

(　　)3.give off   C．热衷于

(　　)4.dream of D．陷入困境

(　　)5.be enthusiastic about    E．成功做到

(　　)6.set off   F．拒绝(某人)

(　　)7.become stuck in   G．梦想……

(　　)8.from bad to worse  H．出发；动身

(　　)9.make it   I．放出(热、光、气味或气体)

(　　)10.hold on   J. 生火

[答案]　1—5　FJIGC　6—10　HDBEA

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．bitter adj.　　 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的

2．envy vt.&n.    羡慕；妒忌

3．crush vt.    毁坏；压坏；压碎

n.    拥挤的人群

4．voyage n．&vi.    航海；航行

5．decent adj.    相当不错的；正派的；得体的

6．cosy adj.    温馨的；舒适的

7．cruel adj.   残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的

8．guidance n.   指导；引导；导航

9．rough adj.    汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的

10．candidate n.    候选人；应试者

Ⅰ.选词填空

sink；thorough；candidate；expedition；selfish；damp；genuine；guidance；motive；loyal

1．There seemed to be no motive for the murder.

2．There were a large number of candidates for the job.

3．She has always remained loyal to her political principles.

4．Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor.

5．If you put on damp clothes，you will probably catch cold.

6．He had made a thorough investigation. No wonder he knew so much about it.

7．She was sincere and genuine in her wish to make amends for the past.

8．It was selfish of him to leave all the work to you.

9．The ship sank to the bottom of the sea.

10．They have gone on an expedition to the Antarctic.

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．He showed remarkable endurance(endure) throughout his illness.

2．She never lost her enthusiasm(enthusiastic) for teaching.

3．You will need to complete three written assignments(assign) per semester.

4．These abandoned(abandon) children have now got a future.

5．I decided that I would sell my car，put my personal belongings(belong) in storage and rent my house.

6．The achievement of one's purpose depends largely upon one's perseverance(persevere)．

7．The government is pressing for an early resolution(resolve) of the dispute.

8．His application(apply) for membership of the organisation was rejected.

9．A good advertising(advertise) campaign will increase our sales.

10．We made a commitment(commit) to keep working together.

1．An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.

和伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士一起去南极探险——这是我一直梦想的冒险。

2．But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboard.

但是我对和他们一起去的想法非常热切，所以我偷偷地登上了“坚忍”号，藏在一个小柜子里。

3．How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!

当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，每个人都会羡慕我！

4．We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.

我们已经挣扎了好几天了，但象岛上的情况每况愈下。

5．Soon after we arrived，Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island，1，330 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.

我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去1 330公里外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助，这次航行太危险了，很难让我们所有人都坐上小船。

名师圈点

①expedition n. 探险；远征；探险队

②Ernest Shackleton，人名，20世纪英国著名探险家，1909年1月16日，由Ernest Shackleton带领的探险队在南极附近发现了南磁极。

③honour n．荣誉；荣耀

④advertisement n．广告

⑤adventure n. 冒险；奇遇

⑥dream of梦想……

⑦fit adj.健康的

⑧vigour n. 精力；活力；力量

⑨apply v. 申请；应用

⑩turn sb. down拒绝某人

⑪qualified adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)

⑫enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的

⑬secretly adv.秘密地；偷偷地

⑭aboard adv.&prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)

⑮cupboard n．橱柜；壁柜；衣柜

⑯set off出发；动身

⑰assign vt. 分派；布置；分配

assign sb. to do sth.分派某人做某事

⑱steward n. (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员

⑲envy n．&vt. 羡慕；嫉妒

⑳become stuck in被困在……

approach v．接近；靠近；到来

crush vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎

n．拥挤的人群

sink vi. 沉没；下沉；下降

abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃

calmly adv.平静地；镇静地

essential adj. 完全必要的；必不可少的；极其重要的；本质的；基本的；根本的

panic vi.惊慌；恐慌

belongings n．财产；动产

banjo n．班卓琴

camp vi. 露营；野营

survive v. 生存；存活；继续存在；幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过；比……活(或存在)的时间长

struggle v．斗争；奋争

from bad to worse每况愈下

miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的

make it成功做到

navy n．海军；海军部队

otherwise adv.否则；要不然

decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的

cosy adj. 温馨的；舒适的

hold on坚持；稍等；抓住

selfish adj. 自私的

selfless adj. 无私的

bad­tempered adj. 脾气坏的

genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的

perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神

resolve n. 决心；坚定的信念

vi.&vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)

原文呈现

A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE

Perce Blackborow joined an expedition① with Sir Ernest Shackleton② to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914. Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honour③ to be part of his expeditions.Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries.

31October，1914

...Well，it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement④ about the Antarctic expedition.

An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure⑤ that I have been dreaming of⑥. And I was ready for it. At the age of 19，I am fit⑦ and full of vigour⑧. However，when I applied⑨ to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down⑩ because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified⑪. But I was so enthusiastic⑫ about the idea of going along with them that I secretly⑬ went aboard⑭ his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboard⑮. Unfortunately，three days after we set off⑯ I was discovered. Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job，but only after he promised me，“If anyone has to be eaten，then you will be the first！” He assigned⑰ me to be a steward⑱，and I now serve meals for twenty­eight men，three times a day.

How everyone will envy⑲ me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!

21Nov ，1915

The journey has not been easy. Endurance became stuck in⑳ the ice as we approached Antarctica. The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck! We saw the ship get crushed by the ice. And when the ship sank，our hearts sank with it.

Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats，our food，the cook stove，candles，clothes，and blankets. This was no time to panic. We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings，and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. But to our surprise，he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo. Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up.

We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive，but spring is coming，and the ice will soon begin to melt.

20May，1916

We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place. Soon after we arrived，Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island，1，330 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. If Shackleton fails，will we have any hope of rescue? No. No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island，and no one else knows that we are here.

I feel low. It's cold and windy. The island has no plants. Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. Otherwise，there is no food. I try to think of happier things: decent food，warm and dry clothes，a cosy bedroom，sunny days，and my mother's face...However，these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.

I shouted，“Shut the door！”

“Hold on now，Perce. Don't you go turning into another Tom，” came the reply. “We've caught another penguin，so it's penguin soup tonight！”

Bless Frank Wild，the kindest man there is after our leader，Ernest Shackleton. How could I become as selfish and bad­tempered as Thomas Orde­Lees!

Without Frank and Ernest，we'd all be dead by now.Their genuine concern for others，their perseverance，and their resolve fill me with hope.

Perhaps there is a chance we will return home，after all.

译文参考

一次成功的失败

珀西·布莱克博罗于1914年加入欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险之旅。沙克尔顿是他那个时代最著名的探险家之一，作为他的探险队的一员被认为是一种极大的荣誉。以下是布莱克博罗的一些日记条目。

1914年10月31日 

……嗯，碰巧有一天早上，我买了一份报纸，看了一则关于南极探险的广告。

和伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士一起去南极探险——这是我一直梦想的冒险。我已经准备好了。19岁时，我身体健康，精力充沛。然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不合格。但是我对和他们一起去的想法非常热切，所以我偷偷地登上了“坚忍”号，藏在一个小柜子里。不幸的是，我们出发三天后我被发现了。沙克尔顿不想回头，所以他给了我一份工作，但只是在他承诺后，“如果有人必须被吃掉，那么你将是第一个人！”之后他指派我做管家，我现在每天为28个人提供三次饭菜。

当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，每个人都会羡慕我！

1915年11月21日 

旅途并不轻松。当我们接近南极洲时，“坚忍”号被困在冰里。冰把我们周围都冻住了，我们彻底被卡住了！我们看到船被冰压碎了。船沉了，我们的心也跟着沉了下去。

在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地把我们召集在一起，叫我们去营救我们最重要的物资：小船、食物、做饭用的炉子、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。现在不是恐慌的时候。我们不允许带走大部分私人物品，沙克尔顿把自己所有的黄金都扔掉了。但令我们惊讶的是，他允许赫西保留他的班卓琴。赫西经常演奏它来振奋我们的精神。

我们现在在冰上扎营，我们一直设法活下来，但春天要来了，冰很快就会融化。

1916年5月20日

我们已经挣扎了好几天了，但象岛上的情况每况愈下。我们现在挤在一条船里面，在这个悲惨的地方的岩石海岸上。我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去1 330公里外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助，这次航行太危险了，很难让我们所有人都坐上小船。如果沙克尔顿失败了，我们还有希望获救吗？不。世界上没有海军在象岛停留过，也没有人知道我们在这里。

我情绪低落。很冷而且还刮着风。岛上没有植物。有时我们能抓住海豹或企鹅吃。否则，就没有食物了。我试着去想更快乐的事情：像样的食物、温暖干燥的衣服、舒适的卧室、阳光明媚的日子、还有我母亲的脸……然而，这些快乐的回忆很快就被一股突如其来的冷风打断了。

我喊道，“把门关上！”

传来一声回答：“要坚持住啊，珀西。你不要变成另一个汤姆，“我们又捉到一只企鹅了，所以今晚是企鹅汤！”

上帝保佑弗兰克·怀尔德，我们的领袖欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最仁慈的人。我怎么能变得像托马斯·奥德·利兹那样自私和坏脾气！

如果没有弗兰德和欧内斯特，我们现在都已经死了。他们真正关心他人，他们的毅力和决心使我充满希望。

毕竟，也许我们有机会回家。