山东专用2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业8必修2Computers含解析20201209239

这是一份山东专用2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业8必修2Computers含解析20201209239，共6页。试卷主要包含了was_published，breaking，it等内容，欢迎下载使用。

A
Family sizes are shrinking arund the wrld. In many cuntries, families are having fewer than tw children. Smaller families mean many children nw grw up with fewer cusins. This is hard t imagine, as I cme frm a large extended family with 23 first cusins n ne side and 25 n the ther.
Smetimes when I can't sleep, I try t name all my relatives. Of curse, almst all f thse cusins have married and had children and nw their children are having children. With extended families grwing s large and spreading s far, get­tgethers have nearly becme a thing f the past.
One f the last gatherings n my father's side was at the hme f a cusin wh has a place in the cuntry n tp f a hill. A tent was set up, hlding lng tables creaking (嘎吱作响) under the weight f fried chicken, ptat salad and chclate cake. A fishing hle waited nearby fr the kids. Vehicles pured in frm every directin, parking n the drive, the grass, wherever they culd find a spt. There was talking and laughing and jking and fd.
While such gatherings had grwn infrequent, we were all happy t be tgether. Althugh sme f us had nt seen ne anther since s­and­s's wedding r smebdy's father's funeral, mst peple were still easy t recgnize. Three sisters wh sat tgether all had the same beautiful skin their mther had. The cusin with bright blue eyes wh raced her hrse as a teenager still had bright blue eyes. An lder cusin wh gave me pian lessns when I was yung and naughty seemed t have frgiven me. We share a gene pl f peple wh wrk hard and laugh ften.
It was very dark when the last set f taillights disappeared int the night. As we gathered ur things, said ur gdbyes and prepared t leave, a cusin called t me saying, “Dn't frget where yu cme frm.” I never culd. And I'd never try.
本文是一篇记叙文。作者来自于一个大家庭，虽然随着家庭规模的扩大，大家聚在一起的机会越来越少，但是作者和亲戚都很珍惜彼此之间的感情纽带。
1．What's the authr's attitude t his large family?
A．Delighted. B．Sad.
C．Ashamed. D．Indifferent.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中While such gatherings had grwn infrequent, we were all happy t be tgether.可知，虽然这样的聚会越来越少了，但我们都很高兴能在一起。由此推测作者喜欢和亲人聚在一起，对于自己拥有一个大家庭这件事是高兴的，故选A项。
2．What can we infer frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．The authr's families ften get tgether.
B．All the family members have cme t the gathering.
C．The ld cusin wh taught the authr pian didn't like him.
D．The authr and his large family members cherish the bnd between them.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，虽然像这样一大家子聚在一起的机会越来越少了，但作者他们都很高兴能在一起。作者能够轻易地认出来大多数亲戚。当聚会结束，最后一组尾灯消失在夜色中时，天已经很黑了。当作者收拾好东西，说再见，准备离开的时候，一个表哥打电话给他，说：“别忘了你来自哪里。”他回答到“我永远不会。我永远不会尝试”。从作者能够认出大部分亲戚，表哥打电话给作者说的话以及作者的回答等可以推断出作者和亲戚都很珍惜他们之间的关系，故选D项。
3．Why des the authr write this passage?
A．T cmpare the small families with large nes.
B．T share his feeling abut large family.
C．T shw his wrry abut the shrinking f family size.
D．T give advice f family relatinships.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，虽然世界各地的家庭规模都在缩小，意味着很多孩子在成长过程中很少有表亲。但作者很难想象这个，因为他来自于一个大家庭。作者描述了来自于一个大家庭是怎么的经历，并着重描写了在表亲家的一次聚会，展现了与亲戚之间的感情纽带。由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了分享他对大家庭的感受，故选B项。
B
Hw sme cmpanies fight the curse (祸害) f presenteeism (超时工作)? Rnald Reagan famusly jked that “it's true hard wrk never killed anybdy, but I figure, why take the chance？” Beynd_a_certain_level,_extra_effrt_seems_t_be_self­defeating. Studies suggest that, after arund 50 hurs a week, emplyee prductivity declines sharply.
But that desn't stp sme managers frm demanding that wrkers stay chained t their desk fr lng perids. Jack Ma, the funder f Alibaba, the Chinese e­cmmerce grup, recently praised the 996 mdel, where emplyees wrk frm 9 am t 9 pm, six days a week, as a “great pprtunity”. Yet presenteeism is the curse f the mdern ffice wrker.
There will be days when yu d nt have much t d; perhaps because yu are waiting fr smene else in a different department, r a different cmpany, t respnd t a request. As the clck ticks past 5 pm, there may be n purpse in staying at yur desk. But yu can see yur bsses hard at wrk and, mre imprtantly, they can see yu. S yu make an effrt t lk busy.
The cnsequence is ften wasted effrt. Rather than wrk hard, yu slave t make bsses think that yu are. But presenteeism has mre serius cnsequences. As well as reduced prductivity, this can mean greater medical expenses fr the emplyer. Accrding t a study in the Jurnal f Occupatin and Envirnmental Medicine, these csts can be six times higher fr emplyers than the csts f absenteeism amng wrkers.
Nne f this is t say that emplyers are nt called t expect wrkers t be in the ffice fr a prper perid f time. Surely there will be a need fr sme (preferably shrt) meetings. Dealing with clleagues face­t­face creates a feeling f tgetherness, allws fr a useful exchange f ideas and enables wrkers t have a better sense f their mutual needs.
Turning an ffice int a prisn, with inmates (囚犯) allwed hme fr the evenings, des nthing fr creativity that is increasingly demanded f ffice wrkers as rutine tasks are autmated. T be prductive yu need presence f mind, nt just being present in the flesh.
本文是一篇议论文，作者在文中论述了超时工作的负面影响，包括降低生产效率、增加成本等。
4．Why des the authr mentin Rnald Reagan's jke in Para.1?
A．T encurage peple t grasp the chance t wrk hard.
B．T shw that hard wrk is harmless.
C．T intrduce the tpic f the passage.
D．T praise Rnald Reagan's jking skills.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章的主题是论述超时工作的负面影响。从结构上来看，作者在第一段用罗纳德·里根曾说过的一句著名的俏皮话点题(为什么要冒险加班工作)，下文则紧接着论述让员工超负荷工作产生的各种负面影响，由此可推知作者在第一段提到里根的话是为了引出文章主题。故选C。
5．What is the meaning f the underlined sentence?
A．Extra effrt causes prblems r difficulties.
B．With extra effrt, we can defeat anybdy.
C．We shuld say n t extra effrt.
D．Extra effrt isn't necessarily helpful.
答案：D
解析：句意理解题。根据上文罗纳德·里根的俏皮话可知，没有必要冒险努力工作；下文表明，一周工作50个小时后，员工的生产力会急剧下滑，由此可推知画线句表示超过一定水平后，多余的努力会适得其反，故选D。
6．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing situatin is helpful t the cmpany?
A．Yur team has a ten­minute meeting after wrk fr an urgent prblem.
B．Yu dn't g hme until 7：30 pm because yur bss is in his ffice and he can see yu.
C．The manager turs the engineering department at 7：30 pm t check peple are at their desks.
D．Yu attend the ffice even when yu suffer lwer back pain.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Surely there will be a need fr sme (preferably shrt) meetings”可知，开会(最好是短会)对公司是有必要的，故选A。
7．Which f the fllwing pinins agrees with the passage?
A．Sme managers expect wrkers tie themselves up with a chain t their desks.
B．Reduced prductivity can mean greater medical expenses fr the emplyer.
C．With grwing demand f creativity n ffice wrkers, a prisn­like ffice is nt a wise ptin.
D．Presence f mind guarantees yur prductivity.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句可知，把办公室变成监狱对(员工的)创造力毫无益处，故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
Many peple believe that there is sme truth in the saying, “Laughter is the best medicine.” __1__ Laughter helps relieve pain, strengthen the immune system and reduce stress. Laughter stimulates (激发) hrmnes which make us feel happy. Laughter als increases the flw f bld thrughut the bdy and has benefits which are similar t the nes yu get by ding exercise.
__2__ Children expsed t funny films and cartns befre majr medical prcedures are able t cpe better with pain and anxiety. __3__ These are prfessinal clwns wh are sent t hspitals and wards t entertain and distract sick children.
Laughter therapy has becme very ppular in recent years and as a result, mre and mre laughter clubs are starting t pen up in cities and twns all ver the wrld. At a laughter sessin, a trained therapist instructs the grup t perfrm a series f exercises which are designed t prduce laughter. __4__ And it takes them sme time t get rid f their inhibitins (拘谨). They might even start ff with fake laughter, but this desn't matter because ur bdies can't tell the difference, and the results are the same. Mrever, laughter is cntagius (有感染力的). __5__
S next time yu feel ill, stressed ut r depressed, try watching a funny film r try remembering an amusing incident in yur life. Yu will sn feel better.
A．If ne persn starts giggling, it is unavidable that everyne else will be drawn in.
B．Laughter helps yu fcus.
C．This finding has led t s­called clwn dctrs.
D．In fact, research dne by scientists has shwn that laughter has a lt f health benefits.
E．Laughter makes the wrld a better and mre clrful place.
F．Sme peple may find the idea embarrasssing at first.
G．Using laughter therapy in children's hspitals has prven t be invaluable.
笑对人体健康有诸多好处。笑疗法已被证明是非常有效的，全世界各地的专业的笑疗法治疗机构越来越多。
1．D 解析：根据空前的“Laughter is the best medicine”和空后的内容可知，笑对人体健康有诸多好处，故D项“实际上，由科学家做出的研究表明笑对健康有很多益处”符合语境，承上启下。
2．G 解析：根据空后一句可知，孩子在进行重大医疗手术之前，看滑稽的电影和卡通片能够更好地应付痛苦和焦虑，故G项“在儿童医院使用笑疗法被证明是极有用的”符合语境，且该项中的“children's hspitals”和空后的“Children”呼应。
3．C 解析：根据空后一句可知，这些都是专业的小丑，他们被派往医院和病房以逗乐生病的孩子，分散他们的注意力；故可推知，C项“这一调查结果导致了所谓的小丑医生的诞生”符合语境。
4．F 解析：根据空后的“their inhibitins (拘谨)”可知，F项“这个主意刚开始可能会让一些人难为情”符合语境，衔接下文。
5．A 解析：根据空前一句可知，笑声是有感染力的，故A项“如果一个人开始咯咯地笑，其他人也会无法避免地跟着笑”符合语境，承接上文。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Ever wndered hw many calries are in the human bdy? Or ever wndered why ld peple have __1__ (big) ears than they used t? The winners f Ig Nbel Prizes (搞笑诺贝尔奖) have gt the answers.
The Ig Nbel Prizes, funded in 1991, are t hnr achievements __2__ first make peple laugh, and then make them think. The ceremny __3__ (take) place at Harvard University every year. Winners' acceptance __4__ (speech) are limited t 60 secnds, __5__ (strict) pliced (监督) by an eight­year­ld girl.
The hnred research might seem ridiculus __6__ first sight, but that desn't mean it lacks scientific value. Fr example, the research in 2006 n why dry spaghetti tends t break int mre than tw pieces was imprtant __7__ (discver) failure in bridge spans (跨度) r human bnes. And a fllw­up paper __8__ (publish) by MIT physicists several years later. But peple are mre likely t read abut __9__ (break) spaghetti than t read an academic paper. Even when there is n immediate usefulness, __10__ is still gd t encurage peple t bserve and think.
1．bigger
解析：考查形容词的比较级。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词ears，应用形容词形式，在句子中作定语，又根据句中的比较级符号“than”可知，此处应填big的比较级形式bigger。
2．that/which
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示物的先行词“achievements”，所以填that或which。
3．takes
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应为谓语，和句子的主语“The ceremny”构成主动关系，又由句中的时间状语“every year”可知，空处应用一般现在时的单数形式，所以填takes。
4．speeches
解析：考查名词的单复数。由句中的“are”可知，空处应为名词的复数形式，所以填speeches。
5．strictly
解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰pliced，应用副词形式，在句子中作状语，所以填strictly。
6．at
解析：考查介词。at first sight“乍一看”是固定用法，所以填介词at。
7．t_discver
解析：考查非谓语动词。“be imprtant t d sth.”是一种固定用法，故空处应用动词不定式形式t discver。
8．was_published
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语，a fllw­up paper为句子主语；由句中的被动语态符号“by”和语境可知，空处与主语a fllw­up paper之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；又由句子的时间状语“several years later”可知，此处应用一般过去时，所以填was published。
9．breaking
解析：考查动名词。根据语境可知，此处表示人们更可能读关于断裂的意大利细面条的信息，空处应用动名词形式，故填breaking。
10．it
解析：考查代词。此处是“it is＋形容词＋t d sth.”(做某事是……的)固定句型，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，所以填代词it。