统考版2021高考英语二轮专题复习40分阅读理解提分练三含解析新人教版20201209249

这是一份统考版2021高考英语二轮专题复习40分阅读理解提分练三含解析新人教版20201209249，共7页。
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
[2020·太原市高三模拟试题] Great inventrs like Thmas Edisn have influenced peple's lives with their inventins. While their cntributins are certainly valuable, ther amazing inventins were actually created by children!
The trampline
Tramplines are great fr bth fun and exercise, but they are a fairly recent inventin. In the 1930s, Gerge Nissen was inspired t make a buncy “net” after seeing a circus perfrmance. He thught it mre entertaining fr perfrmers t cntinue buncing instead f landing in a net. S, at the age f 16, he made it by stretching thick clth in a metal frame.
The Ppsicle
Cld weather led t the creatin f a delicius inventin — the Ppsicle. Frank Eppersn was just 11 years ld when he accidentally created his first Ppsicle. He was making himself a sda drink and left his glass utside vernight. When he fund it in the mrning, it had frzen slid with the stir (搅拌) stick still in the glass. And the first Ppsicle was brn.
Braille
Three­year­ld Luis Braille experienced a serius eye injury that blinded him in bth eyes. He struggled t read by mving his fingers acrss raised letters, but that prved very difficult. At the age f twelve, Luis learned abut a cmmunicatin system where messages culd be read silently with fingertips. He changed it and created Braille. It's nw used arund the wrld!
BEACON
When Hannah Herbst was just 14 years ld, she was named America's Tp Yung Scientist fr inventing a device called BEACON. After receiving a letter frm her Ethipian pen pal, Hannah was inspired t create a device that culd cnvert the energy frm cean waves int electricity which she hpes will help peple withut easy access t electricity.
1．Which f the inventins greatly benefits the blind?
A．The trampline. B．The Ppsicle.
C．Braille. D．BEACON.
2．Wh was awarded a natinal title fr his/her inventin?
A．Gerge Nissen. B．Frank Eppersn.
C．Luis Braille. D．Hannah Herbst.
3．What d the child inventrs have in cmmn?
A．They were all awarded fr their amazing inventins.
B．They all made imprvements n previus inventins.
C．They were all teenagers when they made their inventins.
D．They all invented great things that influence peple's lives.
B
[2020·郑州高三第一次质测]If there was a subject at schl that made me anxius, it was science. Maybe that's because in my tenth grade, I culdn't understand my physics teacher's instructins, causing me t accidentally set fire t the classrm. S, when my husband and I decided t hmeschl ur daughters, we made a deal: he wuld teach science, while I wuld handle everything else. But that's nt hw things have been ging these past few weeks, since my husband has been t busy t teach the girls.
Recently, while ut n my mrning hike befre starting lessns, I nticed that the sky was a beautiful blue, and the air was filled with the sweet smell f flwers. That's why I decided that the day's lessns wuld be taught utside, althugh I remembered that my daughters hadn't had any science classes frm my husband fr a while.
I returned t the huse t get the girls ready. We headed up int the frest, settling urselves by a pnd that rarely has any visitrs. My daughter Sairse started t pick up pndweed and catch frgs, while my ther daughter Ula lked at me, waiting t be instructed. I handed her a drawing bard and clred pencils. “We wait，” I tld her, “and see if smething cmes alng. In the meantime, just draw what's arund yu.”
We wrked fr mre than an hur, hardly speaking. A bird flew acrss the water, and then settled in frnt f a fallen tree. I quickly tld Ula, wrrying that she'd nt seen the creature. But she had, and she started drawing it. An hur later, she finished her picture and I stared dwn at it. She drew the bird n her paper with amazing accuracy. But there was ne ther interesting fact abut this drawing: she als drew me, sitting beside her.
I realized, as I stared at this child's drawing f us watching a bird, hw I'd lived fr 40 years, received 10 years f higher educatin, and never understd the fundatin f science befre this mment. The fundatin f science is a sense f wnder; it isn't abut accurately reciting wrds frm a textbk. It is first and fremst abut stepping utside ur busy lives and being amazed at the wrld arund us.
4.Hw did the authr feel abut science when in schl?
A．She was nervus abut it.
B．She was fnd f it.
C．She was cnfused abut it.
D．She was eager fr it.
5．The underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 4 refers t “ ________”．
A．the fallen tree B．the frest
C．the bird D．the picture
6．Which f the fllwing best describes Ula?
A．She's very utging.
B．She's gd at bserving.
C．She's very hard­wrking.
D．She shares interests with her sister.
7．What is the fundatin f science in the authr's pinin?
A．Attentin t accuracy.
B．Curisity abut the utside wrld.
C．Determinatin t find ut the truth.
D．The ability t understand teachers' instructins.
C
[2020·河北省高三六校联考]“The fact that the smke reached Sã Paul and blackened an afternn prves hw unusual the fires that burn in the cuntryside f Brazil are，” Ricard Mell, head f the Wrld Wide Fund fr Nature's (WWF) Amazn prgram, said.
The latest figures cme at a time f internatinal prtest against the inactin f President Jair Blsnar's administratin. In July, Brazil's Natinal Institute fr Space Research (INPE) shwed data t the public, which indicated that there had been a significant rise in defrestatin (毁林) rates. Particularly, the figures shwed that in July 2019, defrestatin had increased nearly 300 percent in cmparisn t the same mnth in 2018.
Envirnmentalists are becming increasingly cncerned, accusing the gvernment f encuraging defrestatin and thse wh want t make use f the frest fr cmmercial gain. During his time in pwer, Blsnar has mved t rb sme pwer f gvernment agencies that are respnsible fr prtecting the rainfrest as well as regulatins cvering native lands and nature reserves. Blsnar sees these kinds f regulatins as a drag n ecnmic grwth in the Amazn regin.
Fire in the Amazn is used as a technique t clear land fr agriculture. “Farmers clear cut land t make way fr agriculture, and then wait fr the dry seasn t set fire t clear the land s they can plant，” Mell said. “It's likely that all f these frest fires are deliberately set by humans.”
Nw it is the dry seasn in the Amazn, which means cnditins in many parts f the rainfrest are suitable fr the fires t spread ver large areas. “It is very unlikely that thse fires break ut naturally，” Mell said. “It is imprtant t remember that 2019 is nt a strng El Niñ year. When we have strng El Niñs, weather gets drier in the nrthern part f Brazil and this favrs fires. This is nt the case f 2019.”
8．Why are defrestatin figures f 2018 and 2019 cmpared?
A．T share knwledge f the Amazn frest.
B．T shw hw the Brazil president gverns.
C．T stress the seriusness f defrestatin.
D．T express the anger f envirnmentalists.
9．What des President Blsnar d fr defrestatin?
A．Weakening relevant gvernment agencies.
B．Encuraging the fight fr cmmercial gain.
C．Using techniques t clear land fr agriculture.
D．Defending regulatins abut nature reserves.
10．What are the weather cnditins f the Amazn when the fires break ut?
A．They're fit fr fires t break ut naturally.
B．The Amazn experiences the dry seasn.
C．They're pssible fr fires t spread everywhere.
D．The Amazn is just in a strng El Niñ year.
11．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Jair Blsnar's Administratin Was Accused
B．Farmers Cleared Amazn Land fr Agriculture
C．Unusual Rainfrest Fires: Effects n Health and Weather
D．Amazn Fires: Pssibly Linked t Envirnmental Plicies
D
[2020·青岛高三练习诊断]Hybrid cars are cars that run n bth petrl and electricity. They each have a small standard petrl engine and a battery and an electric mtr t prvide electrical pwer.
There are sme differences between different mdels f hybrid cars, but the general principle is that the car runs n petrl, and the electric mtr kicks in when additinal pwer is required, fr example when ging uphill r accelerating. In sme hybrid cars the petrl engine turns itself ff when nt needed, fr example when the car has stpped at traffic lights, keeping nly the electric engine running.
Cnventinal cars have large engines t cpe with driving uphill and accelerating. Mst f the time, this high engine capacity is nt needed, but the engine cntinues burning up fuel. Hybrid cars have much smaller petrl engines, bsted by electric mtrs when needed, s they use less petrl. Hybrid cars are als lighter and aerdynamically (空气动力学地) designed fr greater fuel efficiency.
Anther way that fuel cnsumptin is cut is by a system f “regenerative braking (刹车)”. The electric mtr is used t slw dwn the car, rather than cnventinal brakes. The energy prduced by the slwing car is transfrmed int electrical pwer, which is autmatically stred in the battery. In effect, the battery recharges when yu brake. In cnventinal cars the energy prduced when the cars are braking is wasted.
Car manufacturers and engineers have been experimenting with electric and hybrid cars since the late 19th century. In 1898 Ferdinand Prsche built an experimental hybrid car that used bth an internal burning engine and electric mtrs. The first mass­prduced hybrid car, the Tyta Prius, came ut in Japan at the end f 1997. Hwever, hybrid cars became available in the USA nly in 1999, when the Hnda Insight went n sale.
As they use less fuel, hybrid cars are cheaper t run. There are als many initiatives in place t encurage peple t buy them. In sme cuntries, hybrid car wners pay a lwer rate f tax, and dn't have t pay n certain tll rads (收费公路). In sme cities arund the wrld, hybrid cars are allwed t park fr free.
12．What can we learn frm Paragraph 2?
A．Hybrid cars dn't need petrl any mre.
B．The petrl engine and the electric mtr wrk all the way.
C．Hybrid cars mainly depend n electrical pwer t run.
D．Sme hybrid car petrl engines will quit when unnecessary.
13．Which is NOT the reasn why hybrid cars cnsume less energy?
A．Smaller petrl engines. B．Scientific design.
C．Cnventinal brakes. D．Energy strage.
14．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Hybrid cars are cheaper t buy.
B．Hybrid car wners dn't have t pay tax.
C．Hybrid car wners dn't need t pay the parking fee.
D．Hybrid cars will have a bright future.
15．What's the authr's purpse f writing the passage?
A．T advertise hybrid cars.
B．T intrduce hybrid cars.
C．T cmpare cnventinal cars and hybrid cars.
D．T infrm the develpment f hybrid cars.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
[2020·临沂市高三下学期模拟]
Life in Death Valley
Death Valley is a huge place, extending mre than 225 kilmeters acrss the suthern part f Califrnia int the neighbring state f Nevada. As beautiful as this place is, its name prvides evidence f very real danger.
__16__ It has nearly 1.4 millin hectares f desert and muntains that reach mre than 3,000 meters int the sky. Death Valley can be dangerusly cld during the winter mnths. Strms in the muntains can cause sudden flds n the flr f the valley. But, during summer mnths, the air temperature has been as high as 57 degrees Celsius. __17__ The extreme heat f Death Valley has nce killed peple.
In many areas f Death Valley, it is easy t see where the grund has been pushed up vilently by mvement deep in the Earth. This has created unusual and beautiful rck frmatins, with clrs f red, brwn, gray, yellw and black. In ther parts f Death Valley, there are lines in the rck. The lines are evidence f the past presence f water. __18__
Much f Death Valley is flat and extremely dry. In sme areas the grund is nthing but salt. Hwever, it wuld be wrng t think that nthing lives in Death Valley. __19__ Wildflwers grw very quickly after even a small amunt f rain. Several kinds f birds live in Death Valley. Visitrs might see the dg­like animal called the cyte, r wild bighrn sheep, r ther animals like the desert trtise.
Thrughut histry, Native Americans fund ways t survive in Death Valley. Rck art and ther remains shw that humans lived in the valley as far back as 9 000 years ag. Nwadays, mre than ne millin peple visit it each year. __20__ The sun slwly turns the valley a gld clr that deepens t a sft brwn, then changes t a dark red. As night cmes, the muntains turn a dark purple clr, then black.
A．The valley is full f life.
B．The setting sun is visitrs' favrite.
C．Images here seem t change each minute.
D．Death Valley is a place f strange and silent beauty.
E．Death Valley desn't frgive thse wh are nt careful.
F．Death Valley is a land f beautiful yet dangerus extremes.
G．The area was deep under an cean fr many thusands f years.
40分阅读理解提分练(三)
第一节
A
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——发明创造——小小发明家
[文章大意] 像爱迪生那样的大发明家发明的东西对人们的生活产生了很大的影响，但是实际上也有一些改变人们生活的东西是由孩子们发明的。本文重点介绍了孩子们的四种发明。
1．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。由题干关键词“benefits the blind”定位至第四段，根据该段内容特别是最后两句“He changed it and created Braille. It's nw used arund the wrld！”可知，Braille这个发明对盲人极为有益。故C项正确。
2．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据尾段第一句“When Hannah Herbst was just 14 years ld, she was named America's Tp Yung Scientist fr inventing a device called BEACON.”可知，Hannah Herbst在14岁时，因发明了一种名为BEACON的装置而被称为美国顶级青年科学家。故D项正确。
3．答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“have influenced peple's lives”和“ther amazing inventins”并通读第二段至第五段可推知，孩子们的四种发明——蹦床、棒冰、盲文、海浪发电装置都很棒，它们影响了人们的生活。故D项正确。
B
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——个人经历——有关自然科学学习的新认识
[文章大意] 上学的时候，作者总是对自然科学感到担心，然而成年后和女儿们一起到户外学习的经历使作者认识到：学习自然科学的基础是对外界的好奇心。
4．答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第一段，尤其是第一句“If there was a subject at schl that made me anxius, it was science”可知，作者在上学时对学习自然科学感到焦虑。
5．答案与解析：C 考查代词指代。根据第四段第二、三句“A bird flew acrss the water... wrrying that she'd nt seen the creature”可知，一只鸟飞过水面，然后停留在一棵倒下的树前，作者赶紧告诉Ula，担心她没有看到那只鸟，并结合画线词所在句中的“But she had”可知，她看到了那只鸟并开始画它，故代词it指代那只鸟。
6．答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“She drew the bird n her paper with amazing accuracy. But there was ne ther interesting fact abut this drawing: she als drew me, sitting beside her”可知，Ula以惊人的准确性在纸上画了那只鸟，而且还画了坐在她旁边的作者，由此可推知，Ula擅长观察。
7．答案与解析：B 考查观点态度。根据第五段的内容，尤其是第二句中的“The fundatin f science is a sense f wnder”以及尾句中的“being amazed at the wrld arund us”可知，作者认为学习自然科学的基础是对外界的好奇心。
C
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——人与环境——巴西热带雨林火灾
[文章大意] 文章介绍了巴西热带雨林火灾的原因。
8．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“In July, Brazil's Natinal Institute fr Space Research (INPE) shwed date t the public, which indicated that there had been a significant rise in defrestatin (毁林) rates. Particularly, the figures shwed that in July 2019, defrestatin had increased nearly 300 percent in cmparisn t the same mnth in 2018.”可以推断，对比数据的目的是强调森林被破坏的严重性。
9．答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“During his time in pwer, Blsnar has mved t rb sme pwer f gvernment agencies that are respnsible fr prtecting the rainfrest... nature reserves”可知，在Blsnar执政期间，他削减了负责保护热带雨林以及国有土地和自然保护区相关法规的政府机构的权力。故选A项。
10．答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Nw it is the dry seasn in the Amazn, which means cnditins in many parts f the rainfrest are suitable fr the fires t spread ver large areas.”可知，B项“亚马孙地区处于干季”正确。
11．答案与解析：D 考查标题判断。文章从第二段开始，主要在讲巴西亚马孙热带雨林火灾的原因，矛头直指巴西总统及政府推动的毁林政策，故亚马孙地区发生火灾可能与环境政策有关，故D项作本文标题最佳。
易错点拨 A项干扰性很大，考生认为巴西总统应该被指责，但是忽略了文章的中心是火灾而非巴西总统。
D
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——新能源——混合动力汽车的研究和开发
[文章大意] 本文主要介绍了混合动力汽车的工作原理、优势和发展前景。
12．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In sme hybrid cars the petrl engine turns itself ff when nt needed.”可知，在一些混合动力汽车中，当不需要时，汽油发动机会关闭。故选D。
13．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Anther way that fuel cnsumptin is cut is by a system... The electric mtr is used t slw dwn the car, rather than cnventinal brakes.”可知，传统的刹车并不能减少能量消耗。故选C。
14．答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“cheaper t run... encurage peple t buy... wners pay a lwer rate f tax, and dn't have t pay n certain tll rads (收费公路)．.. hybrid cars are allwed t park fr free.”可知，很多优惠政策都倾向混合动力汽车，由此可以推测，混合动力汽车前景光明。
15．答案与解析：B 考查写作目的。通读全文可知，文章内容主要围绕混合动力汽车展开，介绍了它们的优势和前景等。故选B。
第二节
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——人与环境——美国死亡谷的生物
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国的死亡谷里的生物。
16．答案与解析：F 空格后说死亡谷有将近140万公顷的沙漠和海拔超过3 000米的山脉。冬季极冷，山里的暴风雨顷刻之间引发洪水；夏季的气温高达57 ℃，有人曾在这里热死。F项“死亡谷是一个美丽但却危险的极端地区”能够引出下文，符合语境。故选F。
17．答案与解析：E 空格前说夏季，死亡谷的气温高达57 ℃；空格后说死亡谷的酷热天气曾使人死亡。E项“死亡谷不饶恕那些不小心的人”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
18．答案与解析：G 空格前说岩石上的线条是这里曾经有水的证据。G项“这个地区几千年来一直位于海洋深处”承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
19．答案与解析：A 空格前说如果认为死亡谷里没有生命，那你就错了；空格后提到了几种死亡谷里的生物。A项“这个山谷充满了生机”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
20答案与解析：C 空格后说太阳慢慢地把山谷变成金黄色，然后颜色变深成为浅褐色，再变成深红色。夜晚来临时，山脉变成深紫色，再变成黑色。C项“这里的景象好像每分钟都在变化”能够引出下文，符合语境。故选C。