2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密17七选五含解析

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密17七选五含解析，共24页。

解密17七选五
序号
题型
真题
Part 1
解密高考
考点综述 备考建议
Part 2
对点解密
考点精准说1... 真题对点析1... 对点模拟练1...
Part 3
强化集训
真题模测、典题模测


Part 1解密高考
【考点综述】
该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》＂用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。＂的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述＂主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。＂可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。
【备考建议】
1：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常有三个四个位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有时有的答案表述上就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中清除，以降低难度。请从下面几个备选答案中判断句子的位置：
2：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
不同的文章有不同的结构形式，确定文章体裁有利于我们确定各段之间的关系。一般说来，记叙文的语言是按时间发展顺序或因果关系排列的，常用的连接词有：then, later, after that, soon, after a while, in the end, so, as a result, because of that等。说明文常采用总-分-总的结构形式，第一段说明要说明的主题，下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。议论文先抛出议题，然后从正反两个方面进行讨论，最后得出结论。新闻体裁的应用文首句为主题句，下面展开细节性的报道。
确定文章体裁有利于预测文章各段主要内容和结构形式，形成重要的选择依据。
3：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，说明文和议论文这样体裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主题句。找到主题句有助于帮助确定选择的范围，即所选句子必须和该段主题一致。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。
4：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
　　文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复式用某一词语或子范畴的词语，使用同义语表达，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。上述方法有助于段落的思路平稳在句子之间过渡。连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语融为一体。段落一致与句子衔接是文章连贯的两个必要因素。
5：区分相似项
七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地比对相似选项，方法和答阅读理解时区分相似项一样。
6：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。
　　将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
Part 2对点解密
【真题对点析】1
（2020 • 全国卷2）
Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. ___36___. It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. ___37___, encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. ___38___. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? ___39___. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
___40___, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. G 39. B 40. F
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。
【36题详解】
根据前句“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.(在亚洲，即时通讯平台正在迅速发展，无论是工作还是娱乐，都有数亿用户)”和后句“It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.(据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号)”可知，前后句都说明了即时通讯平台受欢迎程度。所以选择项D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. (这些平台的受欢迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合题意。故选D。
【37题详解】
根据前句“Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.(使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，保持明确的意图)”和后半句“encouraging better and more frequent communication.(鼓励更好更频繁的交流)”可知，这里陈述使用表情符号的优点。所以选择项A. Messages with Emojis feel more conversational. (使用表情符号的信息让人感觉更健谈)符合题意。故选A。
【38题详解】
根据前句“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication can be a challenge. (在任何一间办公室，员工的年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大，在交流中找到共同点可能是一项挑战)” 中关键词句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”与选择项中“all work generations”是一致的。故选G。
【39题详解】
根据前句“ Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? (谁没有收到过毁掉了一整天的邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。所以选择项B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. (即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好)故选B。
【40题详解】
根据后句“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果)”可知，这里陈述表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以选择项F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace. (研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)故选F。
【对点模拟练】1
We were high in the mountains of Xishuangbanna, as far south as you can get in Yunnan, skirting the borders of Myanmar and Laos. The drive was typical, textbook beauty: mountains thick with rubber tree forests, pu’er tea plantations and banana palms and tiny Dai villages. Hidden among the fields of green, I spotted an odd collection of wooden boxes near a tent on the side of the road. ___1___
We had run into the current home of Wei Dajing, a 17-year-old apprentice (学徒) beekeeper who was manning his hives. Wei was fresh to the beekeeping life, and had been on the job for just two months and was here to learn from a master beekeeper. Their tent and hive set-up is always temporary. ___2___ This particular spot was stationed at a sunny patch of yellow flowers. Once these flowers die, the rubber trees will be flowering, so we will move toward them,” he told Sam.
Like thieves in the night, the beekeepers will stealthily pack up their hives in the dark once the bees go to sleep. “They are most active around midday when they are collecting their nectar (花蜜).___3___ ” Wei explained.
The hives were humming, and bees were invasively buzzing around Wei as he spoke to us. Pieces of fruit lay drying among the hives, used to feed the bees and give them an extra boost of energy once Wei bottles up their hard-earned honey. Sam, who also has a couple of his own small hives in his backyard, tells us you must always leave a little bit of honey in the hive.___4___
We waved goodbye to Wei. Back at Sam’s house, he gave us a bowlful of local honey.___5___ Lacking the usual sweetness of honey but instead rich with a more savory, spiced flavor, it tasted just like China.
A. It was smooth, thin and runny.
B. Wei skillfully collected honey from the hives.
C. Otherwise the bees get fed up and abandon you.
D. Maybe it is the flowers that give such unique taste to the honey.
E. By 10 pm they are asleep in their hives, which is when we move.
F. I asked our excellent guide and new best friend, Sam, to pull over.
G. Wei and his master move their camp as the flowers bloom and die.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了在西双版纳高山上见到的养蜂人和了解到的一些养蜂知识。
1. F 【解析】上句介绍“我在路边的一个帐篷附近发现了一堆奇怪的木箱”，F项“我请优秀向导和新朋友萨姆靠边停车”与上句连接，说明作者对木箱好奇，故选F。
2. G 【解析】上句介绍他们的帐篷和蜂巢总是临时的，G项说明了原因——“他们随着花开花谢移动帐篷”。故选G。
3. E 【解析】本段讲一旦蜜蜂睡着了，养蜂人就会在黑暗中偷偷地把蜂巢收拾起来，蜜蜂最活跃是在正午时。E项“到了晚上10点，它们就睡在蜂房里，这时养蜂人就开始活动。”符合本段内容，故选E。
4. C 【解析】上句Sam告诉我们，一定要在蜂房里留下一点蜂蜜。C项说明了原因——“否则蜜蜂吃饱了就会抛弃你”。故选C。
5. A 【解析】上句讲Sam给了我们一碗当地的蜂蜜，A项“它很光滑，很淡也很松软。”描述Sam给的蜂蜜的味道，与上句连接，故选A。
【真题对点析】2
（2020 • 全国卷I）
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. ___36___ Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●___37___ Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. ___38___ You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.＂
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. ___39___
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. ___40___ Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start?
【答案】36. B 37. F 38. D 39. C 40. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。
【36题详解】
根据题目A Few Tips for Self-acceptance及下文的Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)可知，选项B. Where do you start? (从哪里开始那？)最合下文语境，故选B项。
【37题详解】
根据下文Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。
【38题详解】
根据本文的中心句Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原谅自己所犯的错误。)及下文的You will make mistakes, time and time again. (你会一次又一次地犯错误。)可知，选项D. Remember, you are only human.(记住，你只是个人。)与上下文衔接最好，故选D项。
【39题详解】
根据上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天就起床了。)可知，选项C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.(没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝。)与上文衔接最好，故选C项。
【40题详解】
结合上文Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.(用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些话。)和下文的Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? (翻到你日记本上记下你的有点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？)可知，选项A. Feeling upset again?(再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？)最合上下文语境，故选A项。
【对点模拟练】2
I grew up on a farm in the small rural(乡下的) community of Catawissa, Missouri, as the sixth of seven children. ___1___ In the fall of 1970, he was working on a house when the ladder broke. His back was broken.
He stayed in the hospital for three weeks. When Dad returned home, he was still in a back brace(支架) and unable to work. ___2___
One night we heard a car coming up. ___3___ Rose was at the door, holding an envelope filled with money. She told my dad she had collected money and was there to deliver it.
___4___ I can still hear her saying, “Archie, whenever someone’s baler (干草打包机) is broken, you bale their hay. Someone passes away, Altha is cooking. It’s our turn.”
That evening, this 6-year-old understood what being a good neighbor was, and that because her parents were good neighbors, their kindness would be returned. I learned later my mom’s sisters all “adopted” one of us kids to help with Christmas, and we received gift baskets from more than one organization.
My parents were used to being the givers and not the receivers of such generosity (慷慨). ___5___
A. He tried to protest but Rose would have none of it.
B. Besides running the farm, Dad was also a carpenter.
C. Apart from a carpenter, Dad was also running a farm.
D. We kids were always curious about who was visiting.
E. I was too young to realize our family had no money coming in as Christmas approached.
F. It was comforting to be helped when in trouble, but what was important was to help others in return.
G. They had a bit of pride to swallow, but continued all of their lives to show us kids the value of kindness.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了作者的父母是平时乐于助人且有着良好邻里关系的一对夫妇，在父亲受伤、圣诞节来临、家人遇到经济困难之际，作者一家得到了邻居们的帮助。
1. B 【解析】根据该空后的he was working on a house when the ladder broke. His back was broken.可知，父亲在做木工维修房屋时，因梯子断裂而摔伤。这是木工的经历，因此该空使用B 项。因C 项主要介绍父亲经营农场，与后一句逻辑不符。故选B。
2. E 【解析】根据文章可知，父亲受伤不能工作的直接结果就是没有收入(no money coming in)，因此该空使用E项符合逻辑。故选E。
3. D 【解析】根据前句One night we heard a car coming up.一辆车抵达，必定有客人来，孩子天生有好奇心想知道客人是谁。故选D。
4. A 【解析】根据后句I can still hear her saying, “Archie, whenever someone’s baler (干草打包机) is broken, you bale their hay. Rose一直在劝服父亲收下信封里的钱，故可知，父亲开始是拒绝接受的。故选A 。
5. G 【解析】根据前句My parents were used to being the givers and not the receivers of such generosity (慷慨).作者父母习惯于成为给予者而不是接受者，可知，作者父母有点自负。故选G。
【真题对点析】3
（2019 • 全国卷I）
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。
36.E
根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。故选E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。
37.A
根据下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。
38.G
根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词，故选项G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places就是指Healing Gardens。
39.C
前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it也要指代这种情况。故C选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。
40.D
根据下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。
【对点模拟练】3
How to Overcome Depression
Suffering from depression means more than just dealing with a bad week or even a bad month. Depression is a weakening condition that can make it impossible for you to enjoy your daily existence. To overcome your depression, you have to first determine if what you’re feeling are the symptoms of depression. ___1___While medications can help relieve symptoms, it is still important for depressed persons to understand the disorder and develop healthier strategies for coping with it.
Keep yourself busy. Fill your schedule with events and activities you love. Keeping a busy schedule will force you to stay active, focused, and thinking about the next thing on your plate. You can draw up a schedule for each day at the start of the week, or simply plan out each day the night before. ___2___
Improve your diet. ___3___Even if you’re losing your appetite, you need to be determined to eat three meals a day. You don’t need to try to lose weight or be incredibly healthy-conscious when you’re dealing with your depression, but eating healthier food regularly will improve your mental and physical state.
Think positively. Being a more positive thinker will help you look at your life and world in a way that fills you with hope instead of despair. To think more positively, you should learn how to recognize your negative thoughts and to fight them with stronger positive thoughts whenever you can. For a jump start, find at least five things to be grateful for. ___4 __
___5___ Neglecting personal hygiene (卫生) is a common side effect of depression. While you will not beat your depression by transforming your looks, if you take time to maintain your appearance and hygiene every day, you will feel better about yourself. Shower daily, brush your teeth and wash your hair.
A. Control your emotions.
B. Improve your appearance.
C. Most importantly be happy about every single day.
D. Whichever method you choose, make a goal of sticking to it.
E. However, not everyone knows depression has a positive side.
F. Eating a healthy, balanced diet can also help you beat depression.
G. If you are feeling sad, lonely, or worthless, you may be suffering from depression.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章针对如何克服抑郁提出了一些建议。
1. G 【解析】根据前一句“To overcome your depression, you have to first determine if what you’re feeling are the symptoms of depression.”可知，要克服抑郁症，首先你必须确定目前的情绪是抑郁的症状。按照文意，接下来应该是讲哪种情绪是抑郁的症状。选项G“如果你感到悲伤、孤独或毫无价值，你可能会患上抑郁症”是最切题的。所以答案选G。
2. D 【解析】第二段主要讲了你要通过忙碌的日程转移自己的注意力，在最后提出两个做计划的方法：可以在一周开始的时候制订一个时间表，或者在前一天晚上计划好每一天。根据上下文逻辑关系，接下来只有选项D“无论你选择哪种方法，都要有坚持的目标”顺承上文意思。所以答案选D。
3. F 【解析】由第三段第一句也即主旨句“Improve your diet”可知，这一段主要讲如何改善饮食。只有选项F“吃健康、均衡的饮食也能帮助你战胜抑郁”切题。所以答案选F。
4. C 【解析】根据前一句“For a jump start, find at least five things to be grateful for”可知，首先，你要找到至少5件事值得感激。选项A“控制自己的情绪”，选项B“改善你的外表”和选项E“并不是每个人都知道抑郁有积极的一面”都与本段内容不符。只有选项C“最重要的是每天都要快乐”符合语境。所以答案选C。
5. B 【解析】根据“While you will not beat your depression by transforming your looks, if you take time to maintain your appearance and hygiene every day, you will feel better about yourself”可知，虽然你不会通过改变容貌来战胜抑郁，但如果你每天都花时间保持自己的外表和卫生，你就会感觉良好。所以这一段是关于改善外表的。只有选项B与此相关。所以答案选B。
【真题对点析】4
（2019 • 全国卷II）
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。
36.G
上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选G。
37.B
下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题，故选B。
38.A
上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选A。
39.E
上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。
40.C
上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，故选C。
【对点模拟练】4
Learning another language is an exciting trip into a new world, and it can take some time and effort to get there. Luckily, there are a few easy ways to make your adventure go a lot more smoothly.
Learn a little every day.
One of the keys to learning another language is practicing a little bit every day. 1 Studying for long periods can wear you out and limit your focus. Starting with small but regular sessions is the best way to keep your grammar and vocabulary fresh in your mind.
Practice out loud.
2 Pronunciation is the key to learning another language and to making yourself understood by native speakers. Read sentences aloud from books or magazines in the language you’ re studying, or just read over your grammar exercises while you’re practicing. You’ll start to get used to the way the new words sound and feel.
Close the books.
From films to international websites, there are dozens of ways to encounter(遇到)other languages in the real world. 3 Listen to international radio stations — many of them are streaming over the Internet — or look up the websites of newspapers in the language you’re studying. You can keep learning another language while surfing the web or having a movie night with your friends!
4
Learning another language takes determination and perseverance, so keep practicing! Remember to review the basics as well as new vocabulary and grammar, since everything you learn will build on the foundation you start with.
Luckily, you have a great reason to keep up the hard work. 5
A. Be optimistic.
B. Keep it up.
C. Eventually, they’ll just come naturally.
D. Remember to explore some of them when you’re learning another language.
E. Learning another language can broaden your horizons and introduce you to new people and parts of the world.
F. Get a feel for the language by saying words and phrases out loud while you practice.
G. Reserve an hour to practice each day and stick to your schedule
【语篇解读】本文介绍了学好另一种语言的几种方法。
1.G 根据前一句＂One of the keys to learning another language is practicing a little bit every day.＂可知学习语言的关键是要每天练习，因此每天要复习一小时，并且坚持你的计划。故选G。
2.F 根据小标题＂Practice out loud.＂(大声读。)和后面的句子＂Pronunciation is the key to learning another language and to making yourself understood by native speakers.＂可知，本段是建议我们练习语言时大声读出词汇和短语。故选F。
3.D 根据句子＂there are dozens of ways to encounter(遇到)other languages in the real world.＂可知有多种方法可以在真实场景下遇到其他语种，那么下一句应该是说我们要学会探索出一些场景。故选D。
4.B 根据下面的句子＂Learning another language takes determination and perseverance, so keep practicing!＂可知小标题应该是＂坚持＂，由此判断选B。
5.E 根据前面的句子＂Luckily, you have a great reason to keep up the hard work.＂(幸运的是你有一个很好的理由来坚持这个艰难的工作。)可知下面要讲到原因，即这样做的好处/优点：开扩视野，帮你看到一个崭新的世界，由此判断选E。
Part 3强化集训
【真题模测】
Passage1
（2020 • 全国卷3）
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the panty. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. ___36___ And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.
___37___ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
___38___ This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. ___39___
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. ___40___ Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
【答案】36. E 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. G
【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。
【36题详解】
上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
【37题详解】
下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。
【38题详解】
本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。故选C。
【39题详解】
本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A项：但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。
【40题详解】
上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。符合语境。故选G。
Passage2
（2019 • 北京卷 A）
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
• ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。
36.E
根据文章段落结构和本段首句In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important，可知，在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌，故选项E符合语境。
37.G
根据其后一句Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（与课程内容相关的问题是受欢迎的），解释了什么样的问题是好问题，可知，与G项“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions”相呼应，要提一些好的令人深思的问题，故选G。
38.A
根据前一句 Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要参与论坛讨论、博客和其他开放式的对话论坛。而这正是网络课堂采用的交流的途径，故选A。
39.C
根据本段Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享个人信息或故事，如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起的，故选项C符合语境。
40.F
通读本段，并根据本段主题句Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.告诫读者，每个人都可能曾经上过不太好的课，不要在社交媒体上攻击教授，不要公开表达对教授或班级的不满，要利用课程评价冷静地提出你的意见。选项F符合上下文语境。
Passage3
（2019 • 北京卷 ）
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？
___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【答案】46. B 47. E 48. G 49. D 50. F
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“如何构建团队”。
46. B 根据前文可知，大多数人认为建立一个伟大团队的最好方法是聚集一群最有才华的人。B选项的“球队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才”和下文的 “公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士” 形成并列的关系。故选B。
47. E 根据下一句中的主语 “They”可知，前一句主语应该是名词复数形式，故选E。
48. G 根据下文中的“In baseball”这一句可知，前面的内容应该是和棒球有关，故选G。
49. D 根据上文的内容可知，学习团队运动的小孩子经常被告知“团队中没有我”，但是“明星们显然不遵循这一体育道德的基本原则”。例如“If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance.”故选D。
50. F 根据下文的内容“一支一流球队可能或许需要平衡——不仅需要A级球员，而且需要慷慨的B级球员”可知，前一句是在说“建立一支梦之队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多”。故选F。
【典题模测】
Passage1
BE A GOOD TOURIST
Tourism can be both good and bad. Yes, it brings in money for the local economy and creates lots of jobs for locals, but it may also bring some problems.
____16____ Tourists have used paint, rocks, or even keys to write on the Luxor Temple in Egypt, the Colosseum in Rome, Stonehenge in the UK, memorial stones at the bottom of Qomolangma, and many, many other places. Thousands of tourists sites are being destroyed by tourists who “love them to death”. ____17____ If you want to leave a mark on the world, do it by changing someone’s life with kindness and love. Pass kindness along to future generations, not destruction.
Another big problem in some places has been tourists disturbing the local people and life. ____18____ For example, Chiang Mai University in Thailand and Yonsei University in South Korea have great numbers of tourists visiting their campuses and walking through their libraries and other public areas, taking pictures of students and disturbing their studies. I have three words for tourists like this: please be considerate. ____19____
The number of problems from tourists is endless: walking in large groups without considering others who need to walk by, crossing roads without observing local traffic laws, and many more. The only way to solve the issue of the terrible tourist is to make sure that you are not one! ____20____ Remember, whenever you step outside your country’s borders, you are representing your country to the rest of the world.
A. Just think from other aspects.
B. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
C. Have fun in a way that does not disturb others.
D. Be the best, kindest, most polite tourist possible.
E. I have three words for people like this: please stop it.
F. One growing problem is tourists who want to prove that they have visited someplace.
G. Some tourists wander around and take pictures of local people without asking for their permission.
答案
【答案】16. F 17. E 18. G 19. C 20. D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文叙述中国人旅游过程中经常出现的一些问题，并针对这些问题提出文明出游的正确做法。
16.第一段最后提到游客也可能带来一些问题。第二段第一句有必要承上启下讲出第一个问题，空格后具体提到了游客们在景点写字。因此F项（一个日益严重的问题是游客们想证明他们去过某个地方。）符合上下文语境，并且此句也和第三自然段的第一句话中的“another problem”遥相呼应。故选F。
17.前文提到因为乱写乱画致使很多景点被破坏，所以此处是告诫人们“不要这样做”，紧接着提出具体的建议。因此选项E（我对这样的人要说三个字：请停止。）符合上下文语意。这句也和第三段的“I have three words…”相呼应。故选E。
18.前文提到在一些地方，另一个大问题是游客扰乱了当地人们的生活。此处应具体解释游客如何扰乱了当地人们的生活。根据后面For example介绍了发生在两所大学的具体事例，选项G（一些游客在未经允许的情况下四处游荡，给当地人拍照。）符合上下文语意。故选G。
19.此处是对前面的“be considerate（要做到体贴他人）”作具体的解释说明，因此选项C（以不打扰他人的方式享受乐趣。）符合前文语意。故选C。
20.前句强调确保自己不做“terrible tourist（糟糕的游客）”，紧接着应该说明如何做一名合格的游客，并且与后面一句构成因果关系：因为出国旅游代表的是自己国家的形象，所以D项（要尽可能成为最好、最友善、最有礼貌的游客。）符合上下文语意。故选D。
Passage2
Advice for Graduates
Thank you for letting me share this wonderful day with you. The next part of my speech consists of some advice, which is rarely valued, seldom remembered, never followed. As Oscar Wilde said, 1． So, here comes the advice.
First, every time you celebrate an achievement, 2． Thank your parents and friends who supported you, thank your professors who were inspirational, and especially thank the other professors whose less-than brilliant lectures forced you to teach yourself. To your fellow students who have added immeasurably to your education during those late night discussions, hug them.
Second, in your future life, cultivate a generous spirit. 3． Leave the change on the table. In a successful cooperation, everybody gets 90 percent of the profit.
My third piece of advice is as follows: As you begin this new stage of your lives, follow your passion. If you don’t have a passion，don’t be satisfied until you find one. 4． When I was your age, I was incredibly single-minded in my goal to be a physicist. After college, I spent eight years as a graduate student and postdoc at Berkeley, and then nine years at Bell Labs. During that my time, my central focus and professional joy was physics.
Here is my final advice. Pursuing a personal passion is important, but it should not be your only goal. When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done. The source of that pride won’t be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received. 5．
A．It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made.
B．In all negotiations, don’t bargain for the last, little advantage.
C．“I like to do all the talking myself. It saves time, and prevents arguments.”
D．“The only thing to do with good advice is to pass it on. It is never of any use to oneself.”
E.Life is too short to go through it without caring deeply about something.
F.be thankful to those who made it possible.
G.Change your manners when you are dealing with others.
1．D2．F3．B4．E5．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是美国第12任能源部部长朱棣文给哈佛大学毕业生做的演讲，向他们提供了几点人生的建议。
1．空前说演讲的下一部分是一些很少被重视、很少被记住、从来没有遵循过的建议，空后又说正如奥斯卡·王尔德所说的“所以，我给你一个建议”，此处解释提供这些建议的原因，故D项（对于好的建议，你所能做的就是把它送给别人，因为它对你没有任何用处）符合语境。故选D。
2．空后提到了要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感谢那些启发过你的教授，尤其要感谢那些讲课不够精彩，迫使你自学的教授，这说明每当你庆祝一个成就的时候，你要感谢那些帮助你取得这个成就的人，故F项（感谢那些使之成为可能的人）符合语境。故选F。
3．空前说在你未来的生活中，培养一种慷慨的精神，空后又说不要把谈判桌上的钱都拿走，这说明你要舍利，故B项（在任何谈判中，都要把最后一点小小的利益留给对方）符合语境。故选B。
4．空前说生命中要有激情（自己酷爱的东西），此处承接这一话题，E项中的caring deeply about与上一句话中的passion相一致，故E项（生命过于短暂，所以不能空手走过，必须对某样东西倾注你的深情）符合语境。故选E。
5．空前说当你老了，头发花白了，回顾你的一生，你会为你所做的感到自豪，但这种自豪感不会来自你得到的物质或获得的认可，此处承接上文，讲的是真正让你感到自豪的东西是什么，故A项（它来自那些你触动过的心灵和你带来的改变）符合语境。故选A。
Passage3
You may have come across the picture that has a number drawn on the floor with two people standing on either side of the number. One person sees a 6, and the other sees a 9.___16___
They could either stay there arguing and holding on to their ideas, or they could move around and see the difference in their thoughts. This is perspective （视角）.
___17___The world would be a better place if people understood this. But before you start thinking of how you can start seeing things from the perspective of another person, you need to first know what a life perspective is.
Just like the example, life perspective is the way we see life, including the way we approach life and all that are in our personal experience. ___18___ What we usually have are two different perspectives on one thing. We have a person saying something is bad and should not be done, and then we have another person saying that “bad” is a strong word to use for the same thing.
___19___And everyone sees things a lot differently compared to the next person. This makes life more complex because, instead of seeing the similarities we share, we often focus on what is different, which leads to disagreements and fights.___20___It's likely that these problems no longer annoy you.
A. There are more than 7 billion people in the world.
B. In our life, few things are absolutely right or wrong.
C. It seems difficult to decide which perspective is wrong.
D. Simply make a switch and see from a different perspective.
E. A perspective on life can be shaped, changed, or explained.
F. They are both right, yet they are wrong in the eyes of the other person.
G. And they usually make us believe that we are the one who s holding the truth.
【答案】16. F 17. E 18. B 19. A 20. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了人们之所以看待问题会有不同的结论，是因为视角不同。
【16题详解】根据前句提到“一个人看到6，另一个人看到9”可知，F项“他们都是对的，但在对方眼里他们是错的”中的“他们”指代前句提到了“两个人”。同时F项中的“在对方眼里他们是错的”指代前句提到“一个人看到6，另一个人看到9”这件事。所以F项切题。故选F项。
【17题详解】根据后句提到“如果人们能理解这一点，世界将会变得更美好”可知，E 项“对生活的看法是可以塑造、改变或解释的”的内容就是后句this指代的内容。所以E项切题。故选E项。
【18题详解】根据后句提到“我们通常对一件事有两种不同的看法”可知，B项“在我们的生活中，很少有事情是绝对正确或错误的”和后句构成因果逻辑。故B项切题。所以选B项。
【19题详解】根据后句提到“每个人对事物的看法都与下一个人很不一样”可知，A项“世界上有70多亿人”和后句构成因果关系。所以A项切题。故选A项。
【20题详解】根据后句提到“很可能这些问题已经不再困扰你了”可知，D选项“简单地做个转换，从不同的角度看问题”和后句构成条件逻辑。故D项切题。所以选D项。